diff --git a/.github/workflows/actions.yml b/.github/workflows/actions.yml
index 9f780ef6..113a96f9 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/actions.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/actions.yml
@@ -11,11 +11,11 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         ruby: [ '3.0' ]
         task: [ 'default' ]
-        gemfile: [ 'rails52' ]
+        gemfile: [ 'rails71' ]
         include:
         - ruby: '3.0' # lowest supported version
           task: rubocop
-          gemfile: rails52
+          gemfile: rails71
     name: ${{ matrix.ruby }} ${{ matrix.gemfile }} rake ${{ matrix.task }}
     env:
       BUNDLE_GEMFILE: ${{ github.workspace }}/gemfiles/${{ matrix.gemfile }}.gemfile
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ jobs:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v2
     - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@v1
       with:
-        ruby-version: 3.3
+        ruby-version: 3.0
         bundler-cache: true
     - run: gem i gettext && gem i activesupport && bundle exec rake benchmark
   namespaces:
@@ -41,6 +41,6 @@ jobs:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v2
     - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@v1
       with:
-        ruby-version: 3.3
+        ruby-version: 3.0
         bundler-cache: true
     - run: echo 'gem "gettext"' >> Gemfile && echo 'gem "iconv"' >> Gemfile && bundle config unset deployment && bundle && bundle exec rake namespaces
diff --git a/Gemfile.lock b/Gemfile.lock
index fd0f3700..09bf18de 100644
--- a/Gemfile.lock
+++ b/Gemfile.lock
@@ -7,29 +7,38 @@ PATH
 GEM
   remote: https://rubygems.org/
   specs:
-    activemodel (5.2.2)
-      activesupport (= 5.2.2)
-    activerecord (5.2.2)
-      activemodel (= 5.2.2)
-      activesupport (= 5.2.2)
-      arel (>= 9.0)
-    activesupport (5.2.2)
+    activemodel (7.1.3.3)
+      activesupport (= 7.1.3.3)
+    activerecord (7.1.3.3)
+      activemodel (= 7.1.3.3)
+      activesupport (= 7.1.3.3)
+      timeout (>= 0.4.0)
+    activesupport (7.1.3.3)
+      base64
+      bigdecimal
       concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0, >= 1.0.2)
-      i18n (>= 0.7, < 2)
-      minitest (~> 5.1)
-      tzinfo (~> 1.1)
-    arel (9.0.0)
+      connection_pool (>= 2.2.5)
+      drb
+      i18n (>= 1.6, < 2)
+      minitest (>= 5.1)
+      mutex_m
+      tzinfo (~> 2.0)
     ast (2.4.2)
+    base64 (0.2.0)
+    bigdecimal (3.1.8)
     bump (0.7.0)
-    concurrent-ruby (1.1.3)
+    concurrent-ruby (1.2.3)
+    connection_pool (2.4.1)
     diff-lcs (1.3)
+    drb (2.2.1)
     forking_test_runner (1.3.0)
       parallel_tests (>= 1.3.7)
     forwardable (1.3.3)
-    i18n (1.2.0)
+    i18n (1.14.5)
       concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0)
     mini_portile2 (2.8.6)
-    minitest (5.11.3)
+    minitest (5.23.0)
+    mutex_m (0.2.0)
     parallel (1.21.0)
     parallel_tests (2.27.0)
       parallel
@@ -71,15 +80,17 @@ GEM
     ruby-progressbar (1.11.0)
     single_cov (1.3.0)
     singleton (0.2.0)
-    sqlite3 (1.6.9)
+    sqlite3 (1.7.3)
       mini_portile2 (~> 2.8.0)
-    thread_safe (0.3.6)
-    tzinfo (1.2.5)
-      thread_safe (~> 0.1)
+    sqlite3 (1.7.3-x86_64-linux)
+    timeout (0.4.1)
+    tzinfo (2.0.6)
+      concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0)
     unicode-display_width (2.1.0)
 
 PLATFORMS
   ruby
+  x86_64-linux
 
 DEPENDENCIES
   activerecord
@@ -92,7 +103,7 @@ DEPENDENCIES
   rubocop
   rubocop-packaging
   single_cov
-  sqlite3
+  sqlite3 (~> 1.4)
 
 BUNDLED WITH
    2.5.10
diff --git a/fast_gettext.gemspec b/fast_gettext.gemspec
index e81b149b..4150bd20 100644
--- a/fast_gettext.gemspec
+++ b/fast_gettext.gemspec
@@ -10,11 +10,11 @@ Gem::Specification.new name, FastGettext::VERSION do |s|
   s.homepage = "https://github.com/grosser/#{name}"
   s.files = Dir["{lib/**/*.{rb,mo,rdoc},Readme.md,CHANGELOG,LICENSE}"]
   s.licenses = ["MIT", "Ruby"]
-  s.required_ruby_version = '>= 2.5.0'
+  s.required_ruby_version = '>= 3.0.0'
   s.add_runtime_dependency 'prime'
 
   s.add_development_dependency 'rake'
-  s.add_development_dependency 'sqlite3'
+  s.add_development_dependency 'sqlite3', '~> 1.4' # need to match what activerecord requires
   s.add_development_dependency 'rspec'
   s.add_development_dependency 'activerecord'
   s.add_development_dependency 'i18n'
diff --git a/gemfiles/rails52.gemfile.lock b/gemfiles/rails52.gemfile.lock
deleted file mode 100644
index 53833bf1..00000000
--- a/gemfiles/rails52.gemfile.lock
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,186 +0,0 @@
-PATH
-  remote: ..
-  specs:
-    fast_gettext (2.4.0)
-      prime
-
-GEM
-  remote: https://rubygems.org/
-  specs:
-    actioncable (5.2.6)
-      actionpack (= 5.2.6)
-      nio4r (~> 2.0)
-      websocket-driver (>= 0.6.1)
-    actionmailer (5.2.6)
-      actionpack (= 5.2.6)
-      actionview (= 5.2.6)
-      activejob (= 5.2.6)
-      mail (~> 2.5, >= 2.5.4)
-      rails-dom-testing (~> 2.0)
-    actionpack (5.2.6)
-      actionview (= 5.2.6)
-      activesupport (= 5.2.6)
-      rack (~> 2.0, >= 2.0.8)
-      rack-test (>= 0.6.3)
-      rails-dom-testing (~> 2.0)
-      rails-html-sanitizer (~> 1.0, >= 1.0.2)
-    actionview (5.2.6)
-      activesupport (= 5.2.6)
-      builder (~> 3.1)
-      erubi (~> 1.4)
-      rails-dom-testing (~> 2.0)
-      rails-html-sanitizer (~> 1.0, >= 1.0.3)
-    activejob (5.2.6)
-      activesupport (= 5.2.6)
-      globalid (>= 0.3.6)
-    activemodel (5.2.6)
-      activesupport (= 5.2.6)
-    activerecord (5.2.6)
-      activemodel (= 5.2.6)
-      activesupport (= 5.2.6)
-      arel (>= 9.0)
-    activestorage (5.2.6)
-      actionpack (= 5.2.6)
-      activerecord (= 5.2.6)
-      marcel (~> 1.0.0)
-    activesupport (5.2.6)
-      concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0, >= 1.0.2)
-      i18n (>= 0.7, < 2)
-      minitest (~> 5.1)
-      tzinfo (~> 1.1)
-    arel (9.0.0)
-    ast (2.4.2)
-    builder (3.2.4)
-    bump (0.7.0)
-    concurrent-ruby (1.1.9)
-    crass (1.0.6)
-    diff-lcs (1.3)
-    erubi (1.10.0)
-    forking_test_runner (1.6.0)
-      parallel_tests (>= 1.3.7)
-    forwardable (1.3.3)
-    globalid (0.5.2)
-      activesupport (>= 5.0)
-    i18n (1.8.10)
-      concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0)
-    loofah (2.12.0)
-      crass (~> 1.0.2)
-      nokogiri (>= 1.5.9)
-    mail (2.7.1)
-      mini_mime (>= 0.1.1)
-    marcel (1.0.1)
-    method_source (1.0.0)
-    mini_mime (1.1.1)
-    mini_portile2 (2.8.6)
-    minitest (5.14.4)
-    nio4r (2.7.3)
-    nokogiri (1.16.5)
-      mini_portile2 (~> 2.8.2)
-      racc (~> 1.4)
-    parallel (1.21.0)
-    parallel_tests (2.31.0)
-      parallel
-    parser (3.1.0.0)
-      ast (~> 2.4.1)
-    prime (0.1.2)
-      forwardable
-      singleton
-    racc (1.5.2)
-    rack (2.2.3)
-    rack-test (1.1.0)
-      rack (>= 1.0, < 3)
-    rails (5.2.6)
-      actioncable (= 5.2.6)
-      actionmailer (= 5.2.6)
-      actionpack (= 5.2.6)
-      actionview (= 5.2.6)
-      activejob (= 5.2.6)
-      activemodel (= 5.2.6)
-      activerecord (= 5.2.6)
-      activestorage (= 5.2.6)
-      activesupport (= 5.2.6)
-      bundler (>= 1.3.0)
-      railties (= 5.2.6)
-      sprockets-rails (>= 2.0.0)
-    rails-dom-testing (2.2.0)
-      activesupport (>= 5.0.0)
-      minitest
-      nokogiri (>= 1.6)
-    rails-html-sanitizer (1.4.2)
-      loofah (~> 2.3)
-    railties (5.2.6)
-      actionpack (= 5.2.6)
-      activesupport (= 5.2.6)
-      method_source
-      rake (>= 0.8.7)
-      thor (>= 0.19.0, < 2.0)
-    rainbow (3.1.1)
-    rake (13.0.6)
-    regexp_parser (2.2.0)
-    rexml (3.2.5)
-    rspec (3.8.0)
-      rspec-core (~> 3.8.0)
-      rspec-expectations (~> 3.8.0)
-      rspec-mocks (~> 3.8.0)
-    rspec-core (3.8.0)
-      rspec-support (~> 3.8.0)
-    rspec-expectations (3.8.2)
-      diff-lcs (>= 1.2.0, < 2.0)
-      rspec-support (~> 3.8.0)
-    rspec-mocks (3.8.0)
-      diff-lcs (>= 1.2.0, < 2.0)
-      rspec-support (~> 3.8.0)
-    rspec-support (3.8.0)
-    rubocop (1.25.0)
-      parallel (~> 1.10)
-      parser (>= 3.1.0.0)
-      rainbow (>= 2.2.2, < 4.0)
-      regexp_parser (>= 1.8, < 3.0)
-      rexml
-      rubocop-ast (>= 1.15.1, < 2.0)
-      ruby-progressbar (~> 1.7)
-      unicode-display_width (>= 1.4.0, < 3.0)
-    rubocop-ast (1.15.1)
-      parser (>= 3.0.1.1)
-    rubocop-packaging (0.5.1)
-      rubocop (>= 0.89, < 2.0)
-    ruby-progressbar (1.11.0)
-    single_cov (1.3.2)
-    singleton (0.2.0)
-    sprockets (4.0.2)
-      concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0)
-      rack (> 1, < 3)
-    sprockets-rails (3.2.2)
-      actionpack (>= 4.0)
-      activesupport (>= 4.0)
-      sprockets (>= 3.0.0)
-    sqlite3 (2.0.1)
-      mini_portile2 (~> 2.8.0)
-    thor (1.1.0)
-    thread_safe (0.3.6)
-    tzinfo (1.2.9)
-      thread_safe (~> 0.1)
-    unicode-display_width (2.1.0)
-    websocket-driver (0.7.5)
-      websocket-extensions (>= 0.1.0)
-    websocket-extensions (0.1.5)
-
-PLATFORMS
-  ruby
-
-DEPENDENCIES
-  activerecord
-  bump
-  fast_gettext!
-  forking_test_runner
-  i18n
-  rails (~> 5.2.0)
-  rake
-  rspec
-  rubocop
-  rubocop-packaging
-  single_cov
-  sqlite3
-
-BUNDLED WITH
-   2.5.10
diff --git a/gemfiles/rails52.gemfile b/gemfiles/rails71.gemfile
similarity index 68%
rename from gemfiles/rails52.gemfile
rename to gemfiles/rails71.gemfile
index 892983b0..f765ba31 100644
--- a/gemfiles/rails52.gemfile
+++ b/gemfiles/rails71.gemfile
@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@ source "https://rubygems.org"
 
 gemspec path: "../"
 
-gem "rails", "~> 5.2.0"
+gem "rails", "~> 7.1.0"
diff --git a/gemfiles/rails71.gemfile.lock b/gemfiles/rails71.gemfile.lock
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2518ab68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gemfiles/rails71.gemfile.lock
@@ -0,0 +1,262 @@
+PATH
+  remote: ..
+  specs:
+    fast_gettext (2.4.0)
+      prime
+
+GEM
+  remote: https://rubygems.org/
+  specs:
+    actioncable (7.1.3.3)
+      actionpack (= 7.1.3.3)
+      activesupport (= 7.1.3.3)
+      nio4r (~> 2.0)
+      websocket-driver (>= 0.6.1)
+      zeitwerk (~> 2.6)
+    actionmailbox (7.1.3.3)
+      actionpack (= 7.1.3.3)
+      activejob (= 7.1.3.3)
+      activerecord (= 7.1.3.3)
+      activestorage (= 7.1.3.3)
+      activesupport (= 7.1.3.3)
+      mail (>= 2.7.1)
+      net-imap
+      net-pop
+      net-smtp
+    actionmailer (7.1.3.3)
+      actionpack (= 7.1.3.3)
+      actionview (= 7.1.3.3)
+      activejob (= 7.1.3.3)
+      activesupport (= 7.1.3.3)
+      mail (~> 2.5, >= 2.5.4)
+      net-imap
+      net-pop
+      net-smtp
+      rails-dom-testing (~> 2.2)
+    actionpack (7.1.3.3)
+      actionview (= 7.1.3.3)
+      activesupport (= 7.1.3.3)
+      nokogiri (>= 1.8.5)
+      racc
+      rack (>= 2.2.4)
+      rack-session (>= 1.0.1)
+      rack-test (>= 0.6.3)
+      rails-dom-testing (~> 2.2)
+      rails-html-sanitizer (~> 1.6)
+    actiontext (7.1.3.3)
+      actionpack (= 7.1.3.3)
+      activerecord (= 7.1.3.3)
+      activestorage (= 7.1.3.3)
+      activesupport (= 7.1.3.3)
+      globalid (>= 0.6.0)
+      nokogiri (>= 1.8.5)
+    actionview (7.1.3.3)
+      activesupport (= 7.1.3.3)
+      builder (~> 3.1)
+      erubi (~> 1.11)
+      rails-dom-testing (~> 2.2)
+      rails-html-sanitizer (~> 1.6)
+    activejob (7.1.3.3)
+      activesupport (= 7.1.3.3)
+      globalid (>= 0.3.6)
+    activemodel (7.1.3.3)
+      activesupport (= 7.1.3.3)
+    activerecord (7.1.3.3)
+      activemodel (= 7.1.3.3)
+      activesupport (= 7.1.3.3)
+      timeout (>= 0.4.0)
+    activestorage (7.1.3.3)
+      actionpack (= 7.1.3.3)
+      activejob (= 7.1.3.3)
+      activerecord (= 7.1.3.3)
+      activesupport (= 7.1.3.3)
+      marcel (~> 1.0)
+    activesupport (7.1.3.3)
+      base64
+      bigdecimal
+      concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0, >= 1.0.2)
+      connection_pool (>= 2.2.5)
+      drb
+      i18n (>= 1.6, < 2)
+      minitest (>= 5.1)
+      mutex_m
+      tzinfo (~> 2.0)
+    ast (2.4.2)
+    base64 (0.2.0)
+    bigdecimal (3.1.8)
+    builder (3.2.4)
+    bump (0.10.0)
+    concurrent-ruby (1.2.3)
+    connection_pool (2.4.1)
+    crass (1.0.6)
+    date (3.3.4)
+    diff-lcs (1.5.1)
+    drb (2.2.1)
+    erubi (1.12.0)
+    forking_test_runner (1.13.0)
+      parallel_tests (>= 1.3.7)
+    forwardable (1.3.3)
+    globalid (1.2.1)
+      activesupport (>= 6.1)
+    i18n (1.14.5)
+      concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0)
+    io-console (0.7.2)
+    irb (1.13.1)
+      rdoc (>= 4.0.0)
+      reline (>= 0.4.2)
+    json (2.7.2)
+    language_server-protocol (3.17.0.3)
+    loofah (2.22.0)
+      crass (~> 1.0.2)
+      nokogiri (>= 1.12.0)
+    mail (2.8.1)
+      mini_mime (>= 0.1.1)
+      net-imap
+      net-pop
+      net-smtp
+    marcel (1.0.4)
+    mini_mime (1.1.5)
+    minitest (5.23.0)
+    mutex_m (0.2.0)
+    net-imap (0.4.11)
+      date
+      net-protocol
+    net-pop (0.1.2)
+      net-protocol
+    net-protocol (0.2.2)
+      timeout
+    net-smtp (0.5.0)
+      net-protocol
+    nio4r (2.7.3)
+    nokogiri (1.16.5-arm64-darwin)
+      racc (~> 1.4)
+    nokogiri (1.16.5-x86_64-darwin)
+      racc (~> 1.4)
+    nokogiri (1.16.5-x86_64-linux)
+      racc (~> 1.4)
+    parallel (1.24.0)
+    parallel_tests (4.7.1)
+      parallel
+    parser (3.3.1.0)
+      ast (~> 2.4.1)
+      racc
+    prime (0.1.2)
+      forwardable
+      singleton
+    psych (5.1.2)
+      stringio
+    racc (1.8.0)
+    rack (3.0.11)
+    rack-session (2.0.0)
+      rack (>= 3.0.0)
+    rack-test (2.1.0)
+      rack (>= 1.3)
+    rackup (2.1.0)
+      rack (>= 3)
+      webrick (~> 1.8)
+    rails (7.1.3.3)
+      actioncable (= 7.1.3.3)
+      actionmailbox (= 7.1.3.3)
+      actionmailer (= 7.1.3.3)
+      actionpack (= 7.1.3.3)
+      actiontext (= 7.1.3.3)
+      actionview (= 7.1.3.3)
+      activejob (= 7.1.3.3)
+      activemodel (= 7.1.3.3)
+      activerecord (= 7.1.3.3)
+      activestorage (= 7.1.3.3)
+      activesupport (= 7.1.3.3)
+      bundler (>= 1.15.0)
+      railties (= 7.1.3.3)
+    rails-dom-testing (2.2.0)
+      activesupport (>= 5.0.0)
+      minitest
+      nokogiri (>= 1.6)
+    rails-html-sanitizer (1.6.0)
+      loofah (~> 2.21)
+      nokogiri (~> 1.14)
+    railties (7.1.3.3)
+      actionpack (= 7.1.3.3)
+      activesupport (= 7.1.3.3)
+      irb
+      rackup (>= 1.0.0)
+      rake (>= 12.2)
+      thor (~> 1.0, >= 1.2.2)
+      zeitwerk (~> 2.6)
+    rainbow (3.1.1)
+    rake (13.2.1)
+    rdoc (6.6.3.1)
+      psych (>= 4.0.0)
+    regexp_parser (2.9.2)
+    reline (0.5.7)
+      io-console (~> 0.5)
+    rexml (3.2.8)
+      strscan (>= 3.0.9)
+    rspec (3.13.0)
+      rspec-core (~> 3.13.0)
+      rspec-expectations (~> 3.13.0)
+      rspec-mocks (~> 3.13.0)
+    rspec-core (3.13.0)
+      rspec-support (~> 3.13.0)
+    rspec-expectations (3.13.0)
+      diff-lcs (>= 1.2.0, < 2.0)
+      rspec-support (~> 3.13.0)
+    rspec-mocks (3.13.1)
+      diff-lcs (>= 1.2.0, < 2.0)
+      rspec-support (~> 3.13.0)
+    rspec-support (3.13.1)
+    rubocop (1.63.5)
+      json (~> 2.3)
+      language_server-protocol (>= 3.17.0)
+      parallel (~> 1.10)
+      parser (>= 3.3.0.2)
+      rainbow (>= 2.2.2, < 4.0)
+      regexp_parser (>= 1.8, < 3.0)
+      rexml (>= 3.2.5, < 4.0)
+      rubocop-ast (>= 1.31.1, < 2.0)
+      ruby-progressbar (~> 1.7)
+      unicode-display_width (>= 2.4.0, < 3.0)
+    rubocop-ast (1.31.3)
+      parser (>= 3.3.1.0)
+    rubocop-packaging (0.5.2)
+      rubocop (>= 1.33, < 2.0)
+    ruby-progressbar (1.13.0)
+    single_cov (1.11.0)
+    singleton (0.2.0)
+    sqlite3 (1.7.3-arm64-darwin)
+    sqlite3 (1.7.3-x86_64-darwin)
+    sqlite3 (1.7.3-x86_64-linux)
+    stringio (3.1.0)
+    strscan (3.1.0)
+    thor (1.3.1)
+    timeout (0.4.1)
+    tzinfo (2.0.6)
+      concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0)
+    unicode-display_width (2.5.0)
+    webrick (1.8.1)
+    websocket-driver (0.7.6)
+      websocket-extensions (>= 0.1.0)
+    websocket-extensions (0.1.5)
+    zeitwerk (2.6.14)
+
+PLATFORMS
+  arm64-darwin
+  x86_64-darwin
+  x86_64-linux
+
+DEPENDENCIES
+  activerecord
+  bump
+  fast_gettext!
+  forking_test_runner
+  i18n
+  rails (~> 7.1.0)
+  rake
+  rspec
+  rubocop
+  rubocop-packaging
+  single_cov
+  sqlite3 (~> 1.4)
+
+BUNDLED WITH
+   2.5.10
diff --git a/spec/fast_gettext/translation_repository/db_spec.rb b/spec/fast_gettext/translation_repository/db_spec.rb
index 1869e137..b839b024 100644
--- a/spec/fast_gettext/translation_repository/db_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/fast_gettext/translation_repository/db_spec.rb
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
     ActiveRecord::Migration.verbose = false
     ActiveRecord::Schema.define(:version => 1) do
       create_table :translation_keys do |t|
-        t.string :key, :unique=>true, :null=>false
+        t.string :key, :null=>false
         t.timestamps null: false
       end