diff --git a/api/mfa/ceremony.go b/api/mfa/ceremony.go
index 67b55e8fea379..c542ba36c42b8 100644
--- a/api/mfa/ceremony.go
+++ b/api/mfa/ceremony.go
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ package mfa
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"slices"
 
 	"github.com/gravitational/trace"
 
@@ -74,6 +75,12 @@ func (c *Ceremony) Run(ctx context.Context, req *proto.CreateAuthenticateChallen
 		return nil, trace.Wrap(&ErrMFANotSupported, "mfa ceremony must have PromptConstructor set in order to succeed")
 	}
 
+	// Set challenge extensions in the prompt, if present, but set it first so the
+	// caller can still override it.
+	if req != nil && req.ChallengeExtensions != nil {
+		promptOpts = slices.Insert(promptOpts, 0, WithPromptChallengeExtensions(req.ChallengeExtensions))
+	}
+
 	resp, err := c.PromptConstructor(promptOpts...).Run(ctx, chal)
 	return resp, trace.Wrap(err)
 }
diff --git a/api/mfa/prompt.go b/api/mfa/prompt.go
index e139ff561fa64..1d5c0673d8c1d 100644
--- a/api/mfa/prompt.go
+++ b/api/mfa/prompt.go
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 
 	"github.com/gravitational/teleport/api/client/proto"
+	mfav1 "github.com/gravitational/teleport/api/gen/proto/go/teleport/mfa/v1"
 )
 
 // Prompt is an MFA prompt.
@@ -50,6 +51,9 @@ type PromptConfig struct {
 	DeviceType DeviceDescriptor
 	// Quiet suppresses users prompts.
 	Quiet bool
+	// Extensions are the challenge extensions used to create the prompt's challenge.
+	// Used to enrich certain prompts.
+	Extensions *mfav1.ChallengeExtensions
 }
 
 // DeviceDescriptor is a descriptor for a device, such as "registered".
@@ -83,7 +87,18 @@ func WithPromptReasonAdminAction() PromptOpt {
 
 // WithPromptReasonSessionMFA sets the prompt's PromptReason field to a standard session mfa message.
 func WithPromptReasonSessionMFA(serviceType, serviceName string) PromptOpt {
-	return WithPromptReason(fmt.Sprintf("MFA is required to access %s %q", serviceType, serviceName))
+	return func(cfg *PromptConfig) {
+		cfg.PromptReason = fmt.Sprintf("MFA is required to access %s %q", serviceType, serviceName)
+
+		// Set the extensions to scope USER_SESSION, which we know is true, but
+		// don't override any explicitly-set extensions (as they are likely more
+		// complete).
+		if cfg.Extensions == nil {
+			cfg.Extensions = &mfav1.ChallengeExtensions{
+				Scope: mfav1.ChallengeScope_CHALLENGE_SCOPE_USER_SESSION,
+			}
+		}
+	}
 }
 
 // WithPromptDeviceType sets the prompt's DeviceType field.
@@ -92,3 +107,13 @@ func WithPromptDeviceType(deviceType DeviceDescriptor) PromptOpt {
 		cfg.DeviceType = deviceType
 	}
 }
+
+// WithPromptChallengeExtensions sets the challenge extensions used to create
+// the prompt's challenge.
+// While not mandatory, informing the prompt of the extensions used allows for
+// better user messaging.
+func WithPromptChallengeExtensions(exts *mfav1.ChallengeExtensions) PromptOpt {
+	return func(cfg *PromptConfig) {
+		cfg.Extensions = exts
+	}
+}
diff --git a/lib/client/mfa/cli.go b/lib/client/mfa/cli.go
index a5e4cc8f26178..309a8d7000636 100644
--- a/lib/client/mfa/cli.go
+++ b/lib/client/mfa/cli.go
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/gravitational/teleport/api/client/proto"
 	"github.com/gravitational/teleport/api/constants"
+	mfav1 "github.com/gravitational/teleport/api/gen/proto/go/teleport/mfa/v1"
 	"github.com/gravitational/teleport/api/utils/prompt"
 	wancli "github.com/gravitational/teleport/lib/auth/webauthncli"
 	wantypes "github.com/gravitational/teleport/lib/auth/webauthntypes"
@@ -140,6 +141,15 @@ func (c *CLIPrompt) Run(ctx context.Context, chal *proto.MFAAuthenticateChalleng
 		promptOTP = false
 	}
 
+	// DELETE IN v18.0 after TOTP session MFA support is removed (codingllama)
+	// Technically we could remove api/mfa.WithPromptChallengeExtensions along
+	// with this, as it's likely its only use, although arguably keeping it could
+	// prove useful.
+	usageSessionMFA := c.cfg.Extensions.GetScope() == mfav1.ChallengeScope_CHALLENGE_SCOPE_USER_SESSION
+	if promptOTP && usageSessionMFA {
+		fmt.Fprint(c.writer(), "\nWARNING: Starting with Teleport 18, OTP will not be accepted for per-session MFA.\n\n")
+	}
+
 	switch {
 	case promptOTP && promptWebauthn:
 		resp, err := c.promptWebauthnAndOTP(ctx, chal)