diff --git a/docs/sources/setup/install/helm/_index.md b/docs/sources/setup/install/helm/_index.md index ab06ae644a801..d6c0c184aa7f6 100644 --- a/docs/sources/setup/install/helm/_index.md +++ b/docs/sources/setup/install/helm/_index.md @@ -22,6 +22,17 @@ This guide references the Loki Helm chart version 3.0 or greater and contains th If you are installing Grafana Enterprise Logs, follow the [GEL Helm installation](https://grafana.com/docs/enterprise-logs//setup/helm/). +## Recommended Installation + +The recommended installation method for initial deployments is to use the [Loki Simple Scalable Helm chart]({{< relref "./install-scalable" >}}). This chart provides a simple scalable deployment mode for Loki, separating execution paths into read, write, and backend targets. For small to medium-sized deployments, this chart is a good starting point. + +### Cloud Deployment Guides + +The following guides provide step-by-step instructions for deploying Loki on cloud providers: + +- [Deploy Loki Simple Scalable Helm chart on AWS]({{< relref "./install-scalable/aws" >}}) + + ## Reference [Values reference]({{< relref "./reference" >}}) diff --git a/docs/sources/setup/install/helm/install-microservices/_index.md b/docs/sources/setup/install/helm/install-microservices/_index.md index f641172d6aae5..146c01813a27c 100644 --- a/docs/sources/setup/install/helm/install-microservices/_index.md +++ b/docs/sources/setup/install/helm/install-microservices/_index.md @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ --- -title: Install the microservice Helm chart +title: Loki Microservice Helm chart menuTitle: Install microservice Loki description: Installing Loki in microservice (distributed) mode using the Helm chart. weight: 300 keywords: --- -# Install the microservice Helm chart +# Loki Microservice Helm chart This Helm Chart deploys Grafana Loki on Kubernetes. @@ -21,16 +21,18 @@ The default Helm chart deploys the following components: - **QueryFrontend component** (2 replicas, maxUnavailable: 1): Manages frontend queries. Up to 1 replica can be unavailable during updates. - **QueryScheduler component** (2 replicas): Schedules queries. -It is not recommended to run scalable mode with `filesystem` storage. For the purpose of this guide, we will use MinIO as the object storage to provide a complete example. +{{< admonition type="note" >}} +We do not recommended to run Microservice mode with `filesystem` storage. For the purpose of this guide, we will use MinIO as the object storage to provide a complete example. +{{< /admonition >}} -**Prerequisites** +## Prerequisites - Helm 3 or above. See [Installing Helm](https://helm.sh/docs/intro/install/). - A running Kubernetes cluster (must have at least 3 nodes). -- (Optional) A Memcached deployment for better query performance. For information on configuring Memcached, refer to the [caching section](https://grafana.com/docs/loki//operations/caching/). -**To deploy Loki in microservice mode (with MinIO):** + +## Deploying the Helm chart for development and testing 1. Add [Grafana's chart repository](https://github.com/grafana/helm-charts) to Helm: @@ -49,38 +51,36 @@ It is not recommended to run scalable mode with `filesystem` storage. For the pu ```yaml loki: - schemaConfig: - configs: - - from: "2024-04-01" - store: tsdb - object_store: s3 - schema: v13 - index: - prefix: loki_index_ - period: 24h - ingester: - chunk_encoding: snappy - tracing: - enabled: true - querier: - # Default is 4, if you have enough memory and CPU you can increase, reduce if OOMing - max_concurrent: 4 - - #gateway: - # ingress: - # enabled: true - # hosts: - # - host: FIXME - # paths: - # - path: / - # pathType: Prefix + schemaConfig: + configs: + - from: 2024-04-01 + store: tsdb + object_store: s3 + schema: v13 + index: + prefix: loki_index_ + period: 24h + ingester: + chunk_encoding: snappy + querier: + # Default is 4, if you have enough memory and CPU you can increase, reduce if OOMing + max_concurrent: 4 + pattern_ingester: + enabled: true + limits_config: + allow_structured_metadata: true + volume_enabled: true + retention_period: 672h + compactor: + retention_enabled: true + delete_request_store: s3 deploymentMode: Distributed ingester: - replicas: 3 + replicas: 3 # To ensure data durability with replication querier: - replicas: 3 + replicas: 3 # Improve query performance via parallelism maxUnavailable: 2 queryFrontend: replicas: 2 @@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ It is not recommended to run scalable mode with `filesystem` storage. For the pu queryScheduler: replicas: 2 distributor: - replicas: 3 + replicas: 3 maxUnavailable: 2 compactor: replicas: 1 @@ -100,21 +100,26 @@ It is not recommended to run scalable mode with `filesystem` storage. For the pu replicas: 0 bloomGateway: replicas: 0 - - # Enable minio for storage - minio: - enabled: true - - # Zero out replica counts of other deployment modes + backend: - replicas: 0 + replicas: 0 read: - replicas: 0 + replicas: 0 write: - replicas: 0 + replicas: 0 singleBinary: - replicas: 0 + replicas: 0 + + # This exposes the Loki gateway so it can be written to and queried externaly + gateway: + service: + type: LoadBalancer + + + # Enable minio for storage + minio: + enabled: true ``` 4. Install or upgrade the Loki deployment. @@ -138,7 +143,7 @@ It is not recommended to run scalable mode with `filesystem` storage. For the pu loki-canary-8thrx 1/1 Running 0 167m loki-canary-h965l 1/1 Running 0 167m loki-canary-th8kb 1/1 Running 0 167m - loki-chunks-cache-0 0/2 Pending 0 167m + loki-chunks-cache-0 2/2 Running 0 167m loki-compactor-0 1/1 Running 0 167m loki-compactor-1 1/1 Running 0 167m loki-distributor-7c9bb8f4dd-bcwc5 1/1 Running 0 167m @@ -165,7 +170,7 @@ It is not recommended to run scalable mode with `filesystem` storage. For the pu ## Object Storage Configuration -After testing Loki with MinIO, it is recommended to configure Loki with an object storage provider. The following examples shows how to configure Loki with different object storage providers: +After testing Loki with [MinIO](https://min.io/docs/minio/kubernetes/upstream/index.html), we recommend to configure Loki with an object storage provider. The following examples shows how to configure Loki with different object storage providers: {{< admonition type="caution" >}} When deploying Loki using S3 Storage **DO NOT** use the default bucket names; `chunk`, `ruler` and `admin`. Choose a unique name for each bucket. For more information see the following [security update](https://grafana.com/blog/2024/06/27/grafana-security-update-grafana-loki-and-unintended-data-write-attempts-to-amazon-s3-buckets/). This caution does not apply when you are using MinIO. When using MinIO we recommend using the default bucket names. @@ -176,48 +181,57 @@ When deploying Loki using S3 Storage **DO NOT** use the default bucket names; ` ```s3 # Example configuration for Loki with S3 storage - loki: - schemaConfig: - configs: - - from: "2024-04-01" - store: tsdb - object_store: s3 - schema: v13 - index: - prefix: loki_index_ - period: 24h - ingester: +loki: + schemaConfig: + configs: + - from: 2024-04-01 + store: tsdb + object_store: s3 + schema: v13 + index: + prefix: loki_index_ + period: 24h + storage_config: + aws: + region: + bucketnames: + s3forcepathstyle: false + ingester: chunk_encoding: snappy - tracing: + pattern_ingester: enabled: true - querier: + limits_config: + allow_structured_metadata: true + volume_enabled: true + retention_period: 672h # 28 days retention + querier: max_concurrent: 4 - storage: - type: s3 - bucketNames: - chunks: "" - ruler: "" - admin: "" - s3: - # s3 URL can be used to specify the endpoint, access key, secret key, and bucket name - s3: s3://access_key:secret_access_key@custom_endpoint/bucket_name - # AWS endpoint URL - endpoint: - # AWS region where the S3 bucket is located - region: - # AWS secret access key - secretAccessKey: - # AWS access key ID - accessKeyId: - # AWS signature version (e.g., v2 or v4) - signatureVersion: - # Forces the path style for S3 (true/false) - s3ForcePathStyle: false - # Allows insecure (HTTP) connections (true/false) - insecure: false - # HTTP configuration settings - http_config: {} + storage: + type: s3 + bucketNames: + chunks: + ruler: + admin: + s3: + # s3 URL can be used to specify the endpoint, access key, secret key, and bucket name this works well for S3 compatible storages or are hosting Loki on-premises and want to use S3 as the storage backend. Either use the s3 URL or the individual fields below (AWS endpoint, region, secret). + s3: s3://access_key:secret_access_key@custom_endpoint/bucket_name + # AWS endpoint URL + endpoint: + # AWS region where the S3 bucket is located + region: + # AWS secret access key + secretAccessKey: + # AWS access key ID + accessKeyId: + # AWS signature version (e.g., v2 or v4) + signatureVersion: + # Forces the path style for S3 (true/false) + s3ForcePathStyle: false + # Allows insecure (HTTP) connections (true/false) + insecure: false + # HTTP configuration settings + http_config: {} deploymentMode: Distributed diff --git a/docs/sources/setup/install/helm/install-scalable/_index.md b/docs/sources/setup/install/helm/install-scalable/_index.md index 00d2498f0bd3e..588ee8b7be848 100644 --- a/docs/sources/setup/install/helm/install-scalable/_index.md +++ b/docs/sources/setup/install/helm/install-scalable/_index.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ --- -title: Install the simple scalable Helm chart +title: Loki Simple Scalable Helm chart menuTitle: Install scalable Loki description: Installing Loki in simple scalable mode using the Helm chart. aliases: @@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ weight: 300 keywords: --- -# Install the simple scalable Helm chart +# Loki Simple Scalable Helm chart -This Helm Chart deploys Grafana Loki on Kubernetes. +This Helm Chart deploys Grafana Loki on Kubernetes in simple scalable mode. This chart configures Loki to run `read`, `write`, and `backend` targets in a [scalable mode]({{< relref "../../../../get-started/deployment-modes#simple-scalable" >}}). Loki’s simple scalable deployment mode separates execution paths into read, write, and backend targets. @@ -22,17 +22,22 @@ The default Helm chart deploys the following components: - Loki Canary (1 DaemonSet) - Gateway (1 NGINX replica) - Minio (optional, if `minio.enabled=true`) +- Index and Chunk cache (1 replica) -It is not recommended to run scalable mode with `filesystem` storage. For the purpose of this guide, we will use MinIO as the object storage to provide a complete example. +{{< admonition type="note" >}} +We do not recommended to run scalable mode with `filesystem` storage. For the purpose of this guide, we will use MinIO as the object storage to provide a complete example. +{{< /admonition >}} -**Prerequisites** +## Prerequisites - Helm 3 or above. See [Installing Helm](https://helm.sh/docs/intro/install/). - A running Kubernetes cluster (must have at least 3 nodes). -- (Optional) A Memcached deployment for better query performance. For information on configuring Memcached, refer to [caching section]({{< relref "../../../../operations/caching" >}}). -**To deploy Loki in simple scalable mode:** + +## Deploying the Helm chart for development and testing + +The following steps show how to deploy the Loki Helm chart in simple scalable mode using the included MinIO as the storage backend. Our recommendation is to start here for development and testing purposes. Then configure Loki with an object storage provider when moving to production. 1. Add [Grafana's chart repository](https://github.com/grafana/helm-charts) to Helm: @@ -49,72 +54,51 @@ It is not recommended to run scalable mode with `filesystem` storage. For the pu 3. Create the configuration file `values.yaml`. The example below illustrates how to deploy Loki in test mode using MinIO as storage: - ```yaml - loki: - schemaConfig: - configs: - - from: "2024-04-01" - store: tsdb - object_store: s3 - schema: v13 - index: - prefix: loki_index_ - period: 24h - ingester: - chunk_encoding: snappy - tracing: - enabled: true - querier: - # Default is 4, if you have enough memory and CPU you can increase, reduce if OOMing - max_concurrent: 4 - - #gateway: - # ingress: - # enabled: true - # hosts: - # - host: FIXME - # paths: - # - path: / - # pathType: Prefix - - deploymentMode: SimpleScalable - - backend: - replicas: 3 - read: - replicas: 3 - write: - replicas: 3 - - # Enable minio for storage - minio: - enabled: true - - # Zero out replica counts of other deployment modes - singleBinary: - replicas: 0 - - ingester: - replicas: 0 - querier: - replicas: 0 - queryFrontend: - replicas: 0 - queryScheduler: - replicas: 0 - distributor: - replicas: 0 - compactor: - replicas: 0 - indexGateway: - replicas: 0 - bloomCompactor: - replicas: 0 - bloomGateway: - replicas: 0 - ``` - -4. Install or upgrade the Loki deployment. + ```yaml + loki: + schemaConfig: + configs: + - from: 2024-04-01 + store: tsdb + object_store: s3 + schema: v13 + index: + prefix: loki_index_ + period: 24h + ingester: + chunk_encoding: snappy + querier: + # Default is 4, if you have enough memory and CPU you can increase, reduce if OOMing + max_concurrent: 4 + pattern_ingester: + enabled: true + limits_config: + allow_structured_metadata: true + volume_enabled: true + retention_period: 672h + compactor: + retention_enabled: true + delete_request_store: s3 + + deploymentMode: SimpleScalable + + backend: + replicas: 2 + read: + replicas: 2 + write: + replicas: 3 # To ensure data durability with replication + + # Enable minio for storage + minio: + enabled: true + + gateway: + service: + type: LoadBalancer + ``` + +1. Install or upgrade the Loki deployment. - To install: ```bash helm install --values values.yaml loki grafana/loki @@ -126,7 +110,7 @@ It is not recommended to run scalable mode with `filesystem` storage. For the pu ## Object Storage Configuration -After testing Loki with MinIO, it is recommended to configure Loki with an object storage provider. The following examples shows how to configure Loki with different object storage providers: +After testing Loki with MinIO, we recommend to configure Loki with an object storage provider. The following examples shows how to configure Loki with different object storage providers: {{< admonition type="caution" >}} When deploying Loki using S3 Storage **DO NOT** use the default bucket names; `chunk`, `ruler` and `admin`. Choose a unique name for each bucket. For more information see the following [security update](https://grafana.com/blog/2024/06/27/grafana-security-update-grafana-loki-and-unintended-data-write-attempts-to-amazon-s3-buckets/). This caution does not apply when you are using MinIO. When using MinIO we recommend using the default bucket names. @@ -145,21 +129,28 @@ loki: index: prefix: loki_index_ period: 24h - ingester: - chunk_encoding: snappy - tracing: - enabled: true + storage_config: + aws: + region: + bucketnames: + s3forcepathstyle: false + pattern_ingester: + enabled: true + limits_config: + allow_structured_metadata: true + volume_enabled: true + retention_period: 672h # 28 days retention querier: max_concurrent: 4 storage: type: s3 bucketNames: - chunks: "" - ruler: "" - admin: "" + chunks: + ruler: + admin: s3: - # s3 URL can be used to specify the endpoint, access key, secret key, and bucket name + # s3 URL can be used to specify the endpoint, access key, secret key, and bucket name this works well for S3 compatible storages or are hosting Loki on-premises and want to use S3 as the storage backend. Either use the s3 URL or the individual fields below (AWS endpoint, region, secret). s3: s3://access_key:secret_access_key@custom_endpoint/bucket_name # AWS endpoint URL endpoint: @@ -190,29 +181,6 @@ write: # Disable minio storage minio: enabled: false - -# Zero out replica counts of other deployment modes -singleBinary: - replicas: 0 - -ingester: - replicas: 0 -querier: - replicas: 0 -queryFrontend: - replicas: 0 -queryScheduler: - replicas: 0 -distributor: - replicas: 0 -compactor: - replicas: 0 -indexGateway: - replicas: 0 -bloomCompactor: - replicas: 0 -bloomGateway: - replicas: 0 ``` ```azure loki: @@ -269,34 +237,21 @@ write: minio: enabled: false -# Zero out replica counts of other deployment modes -singleBinary: - replicas: 0 - -ingester: - replicas: 0 -querier: - replicas: 0 -queryFrontend: - replicas: 0 -queryScheduler: - replicas: 0 -distributor: - replicas: 0 -compactor: - replicas: 0 -indexGateway: - replicas: 0 -bloomCompactor: - replicas: 0 -bloomGateway: - replicas: 0 -``` - {{< /code >}} To configure other storage providers, refer to the [Helm Chart Reference]({{< relref "../reference" >}}). +## Deploying the Loki Helm chart to a Production Environment + +{{< admonition type="note" >}} +We are activley working on providing more guides for deploying Loki in production. +{{< /admonition >}} + +It is recommended to run Loki at scale within in a cloud enviroment like AWS, Azure, or GCP. The below guides will show you how to deploy a minimally viable production environment. +- [Deploy Loki on AWS]({{< relref "./aws" >}}) + + + ## Next Steps * Configure an agent to [send log data to Loki](/docs/loki//send-data/). * Monitor the Loki deployment using the [Meta Monitoring Helm chart](/docs/loki//setup/install/helm/monitor-and-alert/) diff --git a/docs/sources/setup/install/helm/install-scalable/aws.md b/docs/sources/setup/install/helm/install-scalable/aws.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000..7fa4675fb6ebf --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/sources/setup/install/helm/install-scalable/aws.md @@ -0,0 +1,619 @@ +--- +title: Deploy the Simple Scalable Helm chart on AWS +menuTitle: Deploy on AWS +description: Installing Loki in Simple Scalable mode using the Helm chart on AWS. +aliases: + - ../../../installation/helm/scalable/ + - ../../../installation/helm/install-scalable/ +weight: 300 +keywords: +--- + +# Deploy the Simple Scalable Helm chart on AWS + +This guide shows how to deploy a minimally viable Loki in simple scalable mode on AWS using the Helm chart. To run through this guide, we expect you to have the necessary tools and permissions to deploy resources on AWS, such as: + +- Full access to EKS (Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service) +- Full access to S3 (Amazon Simple Storage Service) +- Sufficient permissions to create IAM roles and policies + +There are two methods for authenticating and connecting Loki to AWS S3. We will guide you through the recommended method of granting access via an IAM role. + +## Prerequisites + +- Helm 3 or above. Refer to [Installing Helm](https://helm.sh/docs/intro/install/). This should be installed on your local machine. +- A running Kubernetes cluster on AWS. A simple way to get started is by using EKSctl. See [Getting started with EKSctl](https://eksctl.io/). +- Kubectl installed on your local machine. Refer to [Install and Set Up kubectl](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/tools/install-kubectl/). +- (Optional) AWS CLI installed on your local machine. Refer to [Installing the AWS CLI](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/userguide/install-cliv2.html). This is required if you plan to use EKSctl to create the EKS cluster and modify the IAM roles and policies locally. + +### EKS Minimum Requirements + +{{< admonition type="caution" >}} +These EKS requirements are the minimum specification needed to deploy Loki using this guide. You may wish to adjust plugins and instance types based on your AWS environment and workload. **If you choose to do so, this may invalidate the guide.** + +In this guide, we deploy Loki using `m5.xlarge` instances. This is a middle-of-the-road instance type that should work for most scenarios. However, you can modify the instance types and count based on your specific needs. +{{< /admonition >}} + +The minimum requirements for deploying Loki on EKS are: + +- Kubernetes version `1.30` or above. +- `3` nodes for the EKS cluster. +- Instance type depends on your workload. A good starting point is `m5.xlarge`. + +Here is the EKSctl cluster configuration file used in this guide: + +```yaml +# A simple example of ClusterConfig object: +--- +apiVersion: eksctl.io/v1alpha5 +kind: ClusterConfig + +metadata: + name: loki + region: eu-west-2 + version: "1.31" + +iam: + withOIDC: true + +addons: + - name: aws-ebs-csi-driver + - name: eks-pod-identity-agent + +managedNodeGroups: + - name: loki-workers + instanceType: m5.xlarge + desiredCapacity: 3 + minSize: 2 + maxSize: 3 + amiFamily: AmazonLinux2 + iam: + withAddonPolicies: + ebs: true + volumeSize: 80 + volumeType: gp2 + ebsOptimized: true + +``` + + +The following plugins are also required to be installed within the EKS cluster: +- **Amazon EBS CSI Driver**: Enables Kubernetes to dynamically provision and manage EBS volumes as persistent storage for applications. We use this to provision the node volumes for Loki. +- **Amazon EKS Pod Identity Agent**: Manages AWS IAM roles for pods, allowing fine-grained access control to AWS resources without needing to store credentials in containers. This is how Loki will access the S3 bucket. +- **CoreDNS**: Provides internal DNS service for Kubernetes clusters, ensuring that services and pods can communicate with each other using DNS names. +- **kube-proxy**: Maintains network rules on nodes, enabling communication between pods and services within the cluster. + +You must also install an **OIDC (OpenID Connect) provider** on the EKS cluster. This is required for the IAM roles and policies to work correctly. If you are using EKSctl, you can install the OIDC provider using the following command: + +```bash +eksctl utils associate-iam-oidc-provider --cluster loki --approve +``` +**This may be installed by default when creating the EKS cluster using EKSctl and the above config.** + +## Create three S3 buckets + +{{< admonition type="warning" >}} + **DO NOT** use the default bucket names; `chunk`, `ruler` and `admin`. Choose a **unique** name for each bucket. For more information see the following [security update](https://grafana.com/blog/2024/06/27/grafana-security-update-grafana-loki-and-unintended-data-write-attempts-to-amazon-s3-buckets/). +{{< /admonition >}} + +Before deploying Loki, you need to create two S3 buckets; one to store logs (chunks), the second to store alert rules. You can create the bucket using the AWS Management Console or the AWS CLI. The bucket name must be globally unique. + +{{}} +GEL customers will require a third bucket to store the admin data. This bucket is not required for OSS users. +{{}} + +```bash +aws s3api create-bucket --bucket --region --create-bucket-configuration LocationConstraint= \ +aws s3api create-bucket --bucket --region --create-bucket-configuration LocationConstraint= +``` +Make sure to replace the region and bucket name with your desired values. We will revisit the bucket policy later in this guide. + + + +## Defining IAM roles and policies + +The recommended method for connecting Loki to AWS S3 is to use an IAM role. This method is more secure than using access keys and secret keys which are directly stored in the Loki configuration. The role and policy can be created using the AWS CLI or the AWS Management Console. The below steps show how to create the role and policy using the AWS CLI. + +{{< admonition type="tip" >}} +Create a new directory and navigate to it. Make sure to create the files in this directory. All commands in this guide assume you are in this directory. +{{< /admonition >}} + +1. Create a `loki-s3-policy.json` file with the following content: + + ```json + { + "Version": "2012-10-17", + "Statement": [ + { + "Sid": "LokiStorage", + "Effect": "Allow", + "Action": [ + "s3:ListBucket", + "s3:PutObject", + "s3:GetObject", + "s3:DeleteObject" + ], + "Resource": [ + "arn:aws:s3:::< Name of the chunk bucket >", + "arn:aws:s3:::< Name of the chunk bucket >/*", + "arn:aws:s3:::< Name of the ruler bucket >", + "arn:aws:s3:::< Name of the ruler bucket >/*" + ] + } + ] + } + ``` + + **Make sure to replace the placeholder with the name of the buckets you created earlier.** + +1. Create the IAM policy using the AWS CLI: + + ```bash + aws iam create-policy --policy-name LokiS3AccessPolicy --policy-document file://loki-s3-policy.json + ``` + +1. Create a trust policy document named `trust-policy.json` with the following content: + + ```json + { + "Version": "2012-10-17", + "Statement": [ + { + "Effect": "Allow", + "Principal": { + "Federated": "arn:aws:iam::< ACCOUNT ID >:oidc-provider/oidc.eks..amazonaws.com/id/< ID >" + }, + "Action": "sts:AssumeRoleWithWebIdentity", + "Condition": { + "StringEquals": { + "oidc.eks..amazonaws.com/id/< ID >:sub": "system:serviceaccount:loki:loki" + } + } + } + ] + } + ``` + **Make sure to replace the placeholders with your AWS account ID, region, and the OIDC ID (you can find this in the EKS cluster configuration).** + +1. Create the IAM role using the AWS CLI: + + ```bash + aws iam create-role --role-name LokiServiceAccountRole --assume-role-policy-document file://trust-policy.json + ``` + +1. Attach the policy to the role: + + ```bash + aws iam attach-role-policy --role-name LokiServiceAccountRole --policy-arn arn:aws:iam:::policy/LokiS3AccessPolicy + ``` + **Make sure to replace the placeholder with your AWS account ID.** + +### Adding the policy to the S3 buckets + +To allow the IAM role to access the S3 buckets, you need to add the policy to the bucket. You can do this using the AWS Management Console or the AWS CLI. The below steps show how to add the policy using the AWS CLI. + +1. Create a bucket policy file named `bucket-policy-chunk.json` with the following content: + + ```json + { + "Version": "2012-10-17", + "Statement": [ + { + "Sid": "Statement1", + "Effect": "Allow", + "Principal": { + "AWS": "arn:aws:iam:::role/LokiServiceAccountRole" + }, + "Action": [ + "s3:PutObject", + "s3:GetObject", + "s3:DeleteObject", + "s3:ListBucket" + ], + "Resource": [ + "arn:aws:s3:::", + "arn:aws:s3:::/*" + ] + } + ] + } + ``` + **Make sure to replace the placeholders with your AWS account ID and the bucket name.** + +1. Add the policy to the bucket: + + ```bash + aws s3api put-bucket-policy --bucket --policy file://bucket-policy-chunk.json + ``` +1. Create a bucket policy file named `bucket-policy-ruler.json` with the following content: + + ```json + { + "Version": "2012-10-17", + "Statement": [ + { + "Sid": "Statement1", + "Effect": "Allow", + "Principal": { + "AWS": "arn:aws:iam:::role/LokiServiceAccountRole" + }, + "Action": [ + "s3:PutObject", + "s3:GetObject", + "s3:DeleteObject", + "s3:ListBucket" + ], + "Resource": [ + "arn:aws:s3:::", + "arn:aws:s3:::/*" + ] + } + ] + } + ``` + **Make sure to replace the placeholders with your AWS account ID and the bucket name.** + +1. Add the policy to the bucket: + + ```bash + aws s3api put-bucket-policy --bucket --policy file://bucket-policy-ruler.json + ``` + +## Deploying the Helm chart + +Before we can deploy the Loki Helm chart, we need to add the Grafana chart repository to Helm. This repository contains the Loki Helm chart. + +1. Add the Grafana chart repository to Helm: + + ```bash + helm repo add grafana https://grafana.github.io/helm-charts + ``` +1. Update the chart repository: + + ```bash + helm repo update + ``` +1. Create a new namespace for Loki: + + ```bash + kubectl create namespace loki + ``` +### Loki Basic Authentication + +Loki by default does not come with any authentication. Since we will be deploying Loki to AWS and exposing the gateway to the internet, we recommend adding atleast basic authentication. In this guide we will give Loki a username and password: + +1. To start we will need create a `.htpasswd` file with the username and password. You can use the `htpasswd` command to create the file: + + {{< admonition type="tip" >}} + If you don't have the `htpasswd` command installed, you can install it using `brew` or `apt-get` or `yum` depending on your OS. + {{< /admonition >}} + + ```bash + htpasswd -c .htpasswd + ``` + This will create a file called `auth` with the username `loki`. You will be prompted to enter a password. + + 1. Create a Kubernetes secret with the `.htpasswd` file: + + ```bash + kubectl create secret generic loki-basic-auth --from-file=.htpasswd -n loki + ``` + + This will create a secret called `loki-basic-auth` in the `loki` namespace. We will reference this secret in the Loki Helm chart configuration. + + + +### Loki Helm chart configuration + +Create a `values.yaml` file with the following content: + +```yaml + loki: + schemaConfig: + configs: + - from: 2024-04-01 + store: tsdb + object_store: s3 + schema: v13 + index: + prefix: loki_index_ + period: 24h + storage_config: + aws: + region: # eu-west-2 + bucketnames: # Your actual S3 bucket name (loki-aws-dev-chunks) + s3forcepathstyle: false + ingester: + chunk_encoding: snappy + pattern_ingester: + enabled: true + limits_config: + allow_structured_metadata: true + volume_enabled: true + retention_period: 672h # 28 days retention + compactor: + retention_enabled: true + delete_request_store: s3 + ruler: + enable_api: true + storage: + type: s3 + s3: + region: eu-west-2 + bucketnames: # Your actual S3 bucket name (loki-aws-dev-ruler) + s3forcepathstyle: false + alertmanager_url: http://prom:9093 # The URL of the Alertmanager to send alerts (Prometheus, Mimir, etc.) + + querier: + max_concurrent: 4 + + storage: + type: s3 + bucketNames: + chunks: "" # Your actual S3 bucket name (loki-aws-dev-chunks) + ruler: "" # Your actual S3 bucket name (loki-aws-dev-ruler) + # admin: "" # Your actual S3 bucket name (loki-aws-dev-admin) - GEL customers only + s3: + region: # eu-west-2 + #insecure: false + # s3forcepathstyle: false + + + deploymentMode: SimpleScalable + + serviceAccount: + create: true + annotations: + "eks.amazonaws.com/role-arn": "arn:aws:iam:::role/LokiServiceAccountRole" # The service role you created + + backend: + replicas: 2 + persistence: + storageClass: gp2 + accessModes: + - ReadWriteOnce + size: 10Gi + read: + replicas: 2 + persistence: + storageClass: gp2 + accessModes: + - ReadWriteOnce + size: 10Gi + write: + replicas: 3 + persistence: + storageClass: gp2 + accessModes: + - ReadWriteOnce + size: 10Gi + + # This exposes the Loki gateway so it can be written to and queried externaly + gateway: + service: + type: LoadBalancer + basicAuth: + enabled: true + existingSecret: loki-basic-auth # Change this is you used a different secret name + + + # Enable minio for storage + minio: + enabled: false + +``` + +{{< admonition type="caution" >}} +Make sure to replace the placeholders with your actual values. +{{< /admonition >}} + +It is critical to define a valid `values.yaml` file for the Loki deployment. To remove the risk of misconfiguration, let's break down the configuration options to keep in mind when deploying to AWS: + +- **Loki Config vs. Values Config:** + - The `values.yaml` file contains a section called `loki`, which contains a direct representation of the Loki configuration file. + - This section defines the Loki configuration, including the schema, storage, and querier configuration. + - The key configuration to focus on for chunks is the `storage_config` section, where you define the S3 bucket region and name. This tells Loki where to store the chunks. + - The `ruler` section defines the configuration for the ruler, including the S3 bucket region and name. This tells Loki where to store the alert and recording rules. + - For the full Loki configuration, refer to the [Loki Configuration]({{< relref "../../../../configure" >}}) documentation. + +- **Storage:** + - Defines where the Helm chart stores data. + - Set the type to `s3` since we are using Amazon S3. + - Configure the bucket names for the chunks and ruler to match the buckets created earlier. + - The `s3` section specifies the region of the bucket. + +- **Service Account:** + - The `serviceAccount` section is used to define the IAM role for the Loki service account. + - This is where the IAM role created earlier is linked. + +- **Gateway:** + - Defines how the Loki gateway will be exposed. + - We are using a `LoadBalancer` service type in this configuration. + + +### Deploy Loki + +Now that you have created the `values.yaml` file, you can deploy Loki using the Helm chart. + +1. Deploy using the newly created `values.yaml` file: + + ```bash + helm install --values values.yaml loki grafana/loki -n loki --create-namespace + ``` + **It is important to create a namespace called `loki` as our trust policy is set to allow the IAM role to be used by the `loki` service account in the `loki` namespace. This is configurable but make sure to update your service account** + +1. Verify the deployment: + + ```bash + kubectl get pods -n loki + ``` + You should see the Loki pods running. + ```console + NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE + loki-backend-0 2/2 Running 0 43m + loki-backend-1 2/2 Running 0 43m + loki-canary-c7hbw 1/1 Running 0 43m + loki-canary-wtxb8 1/1 Running 0 43m + loki-chunks-cache-0 2/2 Running 0 43m + loki-gateway-844ff6d84-9zg5k 1/1 Running 0 43m + loki-read-848c686c9d-kd9xt 1/1 Running 0 43m + loki-read-848c686c9d-vx697 1/1 Running 0 43m + loki-results-cache-0 2/2 Running 0 43m + loki-write-0 1/1 Running 0 43m + loki-write-1 1/1 Running 0 43m + loki-write-2 1/1 Running 0 43m + ``` + +### Find the Loki Gateway Service + +The Loki Gateway service is a LoadBalancer service that exposes the Loki gateway to the internet. This is where you will write logs to and query logs from. By default NGINX is used as the gateway. + +{{< admonition type="caution" >}} +The Loki Gateway service is exposed to the internet. We provide basic authentication using a username and password in this tutorial. Refer to the [Authentication]({{< relref "../../../../operations/authentication" >}}) documentation for more information. +{{< /admonition >}} + +To find the Loki Gateway service, run the following command: + +```bash +kubectl get svc -n loki +``` +You should see the Loki Gateway service with an external IP address. This is the address you will use to write to and query Loki. + +```console + NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE +loki-backend ClusterIP 10.100.97.223 3100/TCP,9095/TCP 46m +loki-backend-headless ClusterIP None 3100/TCP,9095/TCP 46m +loki-canary ClusterIP 10.100.121.159 3500/TCP 46m +loki-chunks-cache ClusterIP None 11211/TCP,9150/TCP 46m +loki-gateway LoadBalancer 10.100.201.74 12345678975675456-1433434453245433545656563.eu-west-2.elb.amazonaws.com 80:30707/TCP 46m +loki-memberlist ClusterIP None 7946/TCP 46m +loki-query-scheduler-discovery ClusterIP None 3100/TCP,9095/TCP 46m +loki-read ClusterIP 10.100.187.114 3100/TCP,9095/TCP 46m +loki-read-headless ClusterIP None 3100/TCP,9095/TCP 46m +loki-results-cache ClusterIP None 11211/TCP,9150/TCP 46m +loki-write ClusterIP 10.100.217.163 3100/TCP,9095/TCP 46m +loki-write-headless ClusterIP None 3100/TCP,9095/TCP 46m +``` + +Congratulations! You have successfully deployed Loki in simple scalable mode on AWS using the Helm chart. Before we finish, let's test the deployment. + +## Testing Your Loki Deployment + +k6 is one of the fastest way to test your Loki deployment. This will allow you to both write and query logs to Loki. To get started with k6, follow the steps below: + +1. Install k6 with the Loki extension on your local machine. Refer to [Installing k6 and the xk6-loki extension]({{< relref "../../../../send-data/k6" >}}). + +2. Create a `aws-test.js` file with the following content: + + ```javascript + import {sleep, check} from 'k6'; + import loki from 'k6/x/loki'; + + /** + * URL used for push and query requests + * Path is automatically appended by the client + * @constant {string} + */ + + const username = ''; + const password = ''; + const external_ip = ''; + + const credentials = `${username}:${password}`; + + const BASE_URL = `http://${credentials}@${external_ip}`; + + /** + * Helper constant for byte values + * @constant {number} + */ + const KB = 1024; + + /** + * Helper constant for byte values + * @constant {number} + */ + const MB = KB * KB; + + /** + * Instantiate config and Loki client + */ + + const conf = new loki.Config(BASE_URL); + const client = new loki.Client(conf); + + /** + * Define test scenario + */ + export const options = { + vus: 10, + iterations: 10, + }; + + /** + * "main" function for each VU iteration + */ + export default () => { + // Push request with 10 streams and uncompressed logs between 800KB and 2MB + var res = client.pushParameterized(10, 800 * KB, 2 * MB); + // Check for successful write + check(res, { 'successful write': (res) => res.status == 204 }); + + // Pick a random log format from label pool + let format = randomChoice(conf.labels["format"]); + + // Execute instant query with limit 1 + res = client.instantQuery(`count_over_time({format="${format}"}[1m])`, 1) + // Check for successful read + check(res, { 'successful instant query': (res) => res.status == 200 }); + + // Execute range query over last 5m and limit 1000 + res = client.rangeQuery(`{format="${format}"}`, "5m", 1000) + // Check for successful read + check(res, { 'successful range query': (res) => res.status == 200 }); + + // Wait before next iteration + sleep(1); + } + + /** + * Helper function to get random item from array + */ + function randomChoice(items) { + return items[Math.floor(Math.random() * items.length)]; + } + ``` + + **Replace `` with the external IP address of the Loki Gateway service.** + + This script will write logs to Loki and query logs from Loki. It will write logs in a random format between 800KB and 2MB and query logs in a random format over the last 5 minutes. + +1. Run the test: + + ```bash + ./k6 run aws-test.js + ``` + + This will run the test and output the results. You should see the test writing logs to Loki and querying logs from Loki. + + + +## Considerations + +- **IAM Role:** The IAM role created in this guide is a basic role that allows Loki to read and write to the S3 bucket. You may wish to add more granular permissions based on your requirements. + +- **Authentication:** Grafana Loki comes with a basic authentication layer. The Loki gateway (NGINX) is exposed to the internet using basic authentication in this example. NGINX can also be replaced with other open-source reverse proxies. Refer to [Authentication]({{< relref "../../../../operations/authentication" >}}) for more information. + +- **Retention:** The retention period is set to 28 days in the `values.yaml` file. You may wish to adjust this based on your requirements. + +- **Costs:** Running Loki on AWS will incur costs. Make sure to monitor your usage and costs to avoid any unexpected bills. In this guide we have used a simple EKS cluster with 3 nodes and m5.xlarge instances. You may wish to adjust the instance types and number of nodes based on your workload. + +- **Guide:** Note that this guide was **last updated on 1st October 2024**. As cloud providers frequently update their services and offerings, some steps in this guide may need adjustments over time. + +## Next steps + +Now that you have successfully deployed Loki in simple scalable mode on AWS, you may wish to explore the following: + +- [Sending data to Loki]({{< relref "../../../../send-data" >}}) +- [Querying Loki]({{< relref "../../../../query" >}}) +- [Operations]({{< relref "../../../../operations" >}}) \ No newline at end of file