diff --git a/pkg/cache/file/file.go b/pkg/cache/file/file.go
index 423913f..d7f6022 100644
--- a/pkg/cache/file/file.go
+++ b/pkg/cache/file/file.go
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ func NewFileCache(dir string) (cache.Cache, error) {
 }
 
 // Store stores the object and returns the metadata
+// Fails if the object already exists
 func (f *Cache) Store(_ context.Context, id string, content io.Reader) (cache.Object, error) {
 	if id == "" {
 		return cache.Object{}, fmt.Errorf("%w id cannot be empty", cache.ErrCreatingObject)
@@ -49,6 +50,11 @@ func (f *Cache) Store(_ context.Context, id string, content io.Reader) (cache.Ob
 	}
 
 	objectDir := filepath.Join(f.dir, id)
+
+	if _, err := os.Stat(objectDir); !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+		return cache.Object{}, fmt.Errorf("%w: object already exists %q", cache.ErrCreatingObject, id)
+	}
+
 	// TODO: check permissions
 	err := os.MkdirAll(objectDir, 0o750)
 	if err != nil {
diff --git a/pkg/cache/file/file_test.go b/pkg/cache/file/file_test.go
index 4353119..ad82486 100644
--- a/pkg/cache/file/file_test.go
+++ b/pkg/cache/file/file_test.go
@@ -56,8 +56,9 @@ func TestFileCacheStoreObject(t *testing.T) {
 					content: []byte("content"),
 				},
 			},
-			id:      "object",
-			content: []byte("new content"),
+			id:        "object",
+			content:   []byte("new content"),
+			expectErr: cache.ErrCreatingObject,
 		},
 		{
 			title:   "store empty object",
diff --git a/pkg/local/local.go b/pkg/local/local.go
index 5b94893..185ddcc 100644
--- a/pkg/local/local.go
+++ b/pkg/local/local.go
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"sort"
+	"sync"
 
 	"github.com/grafana/k6build"
 	"github.com/grafana/k6build/pkg/cache"
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ type localBuildSrv struct {
 	catalog k6catalog.Catalog
 	builder k6foundry.Builder
 	cache   cache.Cache
+	mutexes sync.Map
 }
 
 // NewBuildService creates a local build service using the given configuration
@@ -158,6 +160,9 @@ func (b *localBuildSrv) Build(
 	}
 	id := fmt.Sprintf("%x", sha1.Sum(hashData.Bytes())) //nolint:gosec
 
+	unlock := b.lockArtifact(id)
+	defer unlock()
+
 	artifactObject, err := b.cache.Get(ctx, id)
 	if err == nil {
 		return k6build.Artifact{
@@ -192,3 +197,18 @@ func (b *localBuildSrv) Build(
 		Platform:     platform,
 	}, nil
 }
+
+// lockArtifact obtains a mutex used to prevent concurrent builds of the same artifact and
+// returns a function that will unlock the mutex associated to the given id in the cache.
+// The lock is also removed from the map. Subsequent calls will get another lock on the same
+// id but this is safe as the object should already be in the cache and no further builds are needed.
+func (b *localBuildSrv) lockArtifact(id string) func() {
+	value, _ := b.mutexes.LoadOrStore(id, &sync.Mutex{})
+	mtx, _ := value.(*sync.Mutex)
+	mtx.Lock()
+
+	return func() {
+		b.mutexes.Delete(id)
+		mtx.Unlock()
+	}
+}
diff --git a/pkg/local/local_test.go b/pkg/local/local_test.go
index 1cf21c8..2fed991 100644
--- a/pkg/local/local_test.go
+++ b/pkg/local/local_test.go
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package local
 import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
+	"sync"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/grafana/k6build"
@@ -242,3 +243,66 @@ func TestIdempotentBuild(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	})
 }
+
+// TestConcurrentBuilds tests that is sage to build the same artifact concurrently and that
+// concurrent builds of different artifacts are not affected.
+// The test uses a local test setup backed by a file cache.
+// Attempting to write the same artifact twice will return an error.
+func TestConcurrentBuilds(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	buildsrv, err := SetupTestLocalBuildService(t)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("test setup %v", err)
+	}
+
+	builds := []struct {
+		k6Ver string
+		deps  []k6build.Dependency
+	}{
+		{
+			k6Ver: "v0.1.0",
+			deps: []k6build.Dependency{
+				{Name: "k6/x/ext", Constraints: "v0.1.0"},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			k6Ver: "v0.1.0",
+			deps: []k6build.Dependency{
+				{Name: "k6/x/ext", Constraints: "v0.1.0"},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			k6Ver: "v0.2.0",
+			deps: []k6build.Dependency{
+				{Name: "k6/x/ext", Constraints: "v0.1.0"},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	errch := make(chan error, len(builds))
+
+	wg := sync.WaitGroup{}
+	for _, b := range builds {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+
+			if _, err := buildsrv.Build(
+				context.TODO(),
+				"linux/amd64",
+				b.k6Ver,
+				b.deps,
+			); err != nil {
+				errch <- err
+			}
+		}()
+	}
+
+	wg.Wait()
+
+	select {
+	case err := <-errch:
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected %v", err)
+	default:
+	}
+}