The tool lsb_release comes from the package lsb-release. You can find out which operating system, which version, release, description etc., is running on your system.
/usr/bin/lsb_release -a
You can view the contents of the file /etc/os-release to also view the release notes from the OS vendor.
/bin/cat /etc/os-release
You can view unique IDs, kernel version and architecture.
/usr/bin/hostnamectl
The program uname is from the package coreutils. This program outputs kernel version and related info.
/bin/uname -a
You can view the contents of the virtual file /proc/version to see the same information as above.
/bin/cat /proc/version
View the file /etc/apt/sources.list to see from where the packages are being installed in your system using the apt command. Repositories used by the OS for updates and additional packages are listed here.
cat /etc/apt/sources.list
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