helpers.go

package csrf

import (
	"crypto/rand"
	"crypto/subtle"
	"encoding/base64"
	"fmt"
	"html/template"
	"net/http"
	"net/url"

	"github.com/zenazn/goji/web"
)

// Token returns a masked CSRF token ready for passing into HTML template or
// a JSON response body. An empty token will be returned if the middleware
// has not been applied (which will fail subsequent validation).
func Token(c web.C, r *http.Request) string {
	if maskedToken, ok := c.Env[tokenKey].(string); ok {
		return maskedToken
	}

	return ""
}

// FailureReason makes CSRF validation errors available in Goji's request
// context.
// This is useful when you want to log the cause of the error or report it to
// client.
func FailureReason(c web.C, r *http.Request) error {
	if err, ok := c.Env[errorKey].(error); ok {
		return err
	}

	return nil
}

// TemplateField is a template helper for html/template that provides an <input> field
// populated with a CSRF token.
//
// Example:
//
//      // The following tag in our form.tmpl template:
//      {{ .csrfField }}
//
//      // ... becomes:
//      <input type="hidden" name="goji.csrf.Token" value="<token>">
//
func TemplateField(c web.C, r *http.Request) template.HTML {
	fragment := fmt.Sprintf(`<input type="hidden" name="%s" value="%s">`,
		c.Env[formKey], Token(c, r))

	return template.HTML(fragment)
}

// mask returns a unique-per-request token to mitigate the BREACH attack
// as per http://breachattack.com/#mitigations
//
// The token is generated by XOR'ing a one-time-pad and the base (session) CSRF
// token and returning them together as a 64-byte slice. This effectively
// randomises the token on a per-request basis without breaking multiple browser
// tabs/windows.
func mask(realToken []byte, c *web.C, r *http.Request) string {
	otp, err := generateRandomBytes(tokenLength)
	if err != nil {
		return ""
	}

	// XOR the OTP with the real token to generate a masked token. Append the
	// OTP to the front of the masked token to allow unmasking in the subsequent
	// request.
	return base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(append(otp, xorToken(otp, realToken)...))
}

// unmask splits the issued token (one-time-pad + masked token) and returns the
// unmasked request token for comparison.
func unmask(issued []byte) []byte {
	// Issued tokens are always masked and combined with the pad.
	if len(issued) != tokenLength*2 {
		return nil
	}

	// We now know the length of the byte slice.
	otp := issued[tokenLength:]
	masked := issued[:tokenLength]

	// Unmask the token by XOR'ing it against the OTP used to mask it.
	return xorToken(otp, masked)
}

// requestToken returns the issued token (pad + masked token) from the HTTP POST
// body or HTTP header. It will return nil if the token fails to decode.
func (cs *csrf) requestToken(r *http.Request) []byte {
	// 1. Check the HTTP header first.
	issued := r.Header.Get(cs.opts.RequestHeader)

	// 2. Fall back to the POST (form) value.
	if issued == "" {
		issued = r.PostFormValue(cs.opts.FieldName)
	}

	// 3. Finally, fall back to the multipart form (if set).
	if issued == "" && r.MultipartForm != nil {
		vals := r.MultipartForm.Value[cs.opts.FieldName]

		if len(vals) > 0 {
			issued = vals[0]
		}
	}

	// Decode the "issued" (pad + masked) token sent in the request. Return a
	// nil byte slice on a decoding error (this will fail upstream).
	decoded, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(issued)
	if err != nil {
		return nil
	}

	return decoded
}

// generateRandomBytes returns securely generated random bytes.
// It will return an error if the system's secure random number generator
// fails to function correctly.
func generateRandomBytes(n int) ([]byte, error) {
	b := make([]byte, n)
	_, err := rand.Read(b)
	// err == nil only if len(b) == n
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return b, nil

}

// sameOrigin returns true if URLs a and b share the same origin. The same
// origin is defined as host (which includes the port) and scheme.
func sameOrigin(a, b *url.URL) bool {
	return (a.Scheme == b.Scheme && a.Host == b.Host)
}

// compare securely (constant-time) compares the unmasked token from the request
// against the real token from the session.
func compareTokens(a, b []byte) bool {
	// This is required as subtle.ConstantTimeCompare does not check for equal
	// lengths in Go versions prior to 1.3.
	if len(a) != len(b) {
		return false
	}

	return subtle.ConstantTimeCompare(a, b) == 1
}

// xorToken XORs tokens ([]byte) to provide unique-per-request CSRF tokens. It
// will return a masked token if the base token is XOR'ed with a one-time-pad.
// An unmasked token will be returned if a masked token is XOR'ed with the
// one-time-pad used to mask it.
func xorToken(a, b []byte) []byte {
	n := len(a)
	if len(b) < n {
		n = len(b)
	}

	res := make([]byte, n)

	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		res[i] = a[i] ^ b[i]
	}

	return res
}

// contains is a helper function to check if a string exists in a slice - e.g.
// whether a HTTP method exists in a list of safe methods.
func contains(vals []string, s string) bool {
	for _, v := range vals {
		if v == s {
			return true
		}
	}

	return false
}

// envError stores a CSRF error in the request context.
func envError(c *web.C, err error) {
	c.Env[errorKey] = err
}