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<h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">Support SSH tunneling for managed connections</h1>
<p class="post-meta">Published by <img src="https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/c6d7916bf0fd9cb08b047602bfc4deab?s=135" alt="A photo of Vadim Günther" style="width:50px;border-radius:50%;display:inline-block;margin-right:5px;" /><span itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"><span itemprop="name"><a href="https://github.com/VadimGue" target="_blank">Vadim Günther</a> </span></span> on <time datetime="2021-03-31T00:00:00+00:00" itemprop="datePublished">Mar 31, 2021</time> - Tags:
<a href="tag_blog.html">blog</a>,
<a href="tag_architecture.html">architecture</a>,
<a href="tag_connectivity.html">connectivity</a>
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<div id="toc"></div>
<p>With the upcoming release of Eclipse Ditto <strong>version 2.0.0</strong> it will be possible to</p>
<h1 id="ssh-tunneling-for-managed-connections">SSH tunneling for managed connections</h1>
<p>With the upcoming release of Eclipse Ditto version 2.0.0, managed connections support establishing
an SSH tunnel, which is then used to connect to the actual target endpoint. This is useful when the target endpoint is
not directly accessible. Currently, this feature is available for all connection types supported in Ditto, except for
Kafka 2.x.</p>
<p><img src="images/blog/2021-04-06-ssh-tunnel-for-managed-connections-shema.png" alt="Connection Overview" /></p>
<p>For further information, see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4254#section-7">Secure Shell (SSH) Connection Protocol, RFC4254</a></p>
<h2 id="setting-up-connections-with-ssh-tunneling-in-ditto">Setting up connections with SSH tunneling in Ditto</h2>
<p>When setting up a tunneled connection, the configuration must specify the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">sshTunnel</code> section, which contains
the necessary information to establish the SSH port forwarding. For authentication, password and public
key are supported. Also, host validation using public key fingerprints are supported. The tunnel configuration does not
affect the other parts of your connection configuration. If the feature is enabled the connection will establish an SSH
tunnel and afterwards use this tunnel to connect to the desired endpoint. In case you later disable the SSH tunnel
feature, the payload will be processed directly to the desired endpoint.</p>
<h3 id="basic-authentication">Basic Authentication</h3>
<p>When using basic authenticating the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">sshTunnel</code> configuration should contain the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">credentials.type</code> <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">plain</code>, as
well as the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">username</code> and <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">password</code> fields:</p>
<div class="language-json highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">
</span><span class="nl">"name"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"tunneled-connection"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">
</span><span class="nl">"connectionType"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"mqtt"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">
</span><span class="nl">"uri"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"tcp://mqtt.eclipseprojects.io:1883"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">
</span><span class="nl">"sources"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}],</span><span class="w">
</span><span class="nl">"sshTunnel"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">
</span><span class="nl">"enabled"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">
</span><span class="nl">"uri"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"ssh://ssh-host:2222"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">
</span><span class="nl">"credentials"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">
</span><span class="nl">"type"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"plain"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">
</span><span class="nl">"username"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"username"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">
</span><span class="nl">"password"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"password"</span><span class="w">
</span><span class="p">},</span><span class="w">
</span><span class="nl">"validateHost"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">
</span><span class="nl">"knownHosts"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"MD5:e0:3a:34:1c:68:ed:c6:bc:7c:ca:a8:67:c7:45:2b:19"</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w">
</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w">
</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w">
</span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 id="authentication-with-public-key">Authentication with public key</h3>
<p>On public key authentication the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">credentials.type</code> is <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">public-key</code>. In addition to the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">username</code> the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">publicKey</code> and
<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">privateKey</code> have to be provided. The public key must be provided as PEM-encoded key in <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">X.509</code> format. The private
key must be provided as PEM-encoded key in unencrypted <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">PKCS8</code> format as specified by <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7468">RFC-7468</a>.</p>
<div class="language-json highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">
</span><span class="nl">"name"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"tunneled-connection"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">
</span><span class="nl">"connectionType"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"mqtt"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">
</span><span class="nl">"uri"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"tcp://mqtt.eclipseprojects.io:1883"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">
</span><span class="nl">"sources"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}],</span><span class="w">
</span><span class="nl">"sshTunnel"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">
</span><span class="nl">"enabled"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">
</span><span class="nl">"uri"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"ssh://ssh-host:2222"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">
</span><span class="nl">"credentials"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">
</span><span class="nl">"type"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"public-key"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">
</span><span class="nl">"username"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"username"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">
</span><span class="nl">"publicKey"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9.....</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">-----END PUBLIC KEY-----"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">
</span><span class="nl">"privateKey"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">MIIEvAIBADANBgkqhki....</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">-----END PRIVATE KEY-----"</span><span class="w">
</span><span class="p">},</span><span class="w">
</span><span class="nl">"validateHost"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">
</span><span class="nl">"knownHosts"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"MD5:e0:3a:34:1c:68:ed:c6:bc:7c:ca:a8:67:c7:45:2b:19"</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w">
</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w">
</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w">
</span></code></pre></div></div>
<p>The following command can be used to convert a standard OpenSSL key in PKCS1 format to the PKCS8 format accepted by Ditto:</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>openssl pkcs8 -topk8 -nocrypt -in client-private.pem.key -out client-private.pem.pk8
</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 id="host-validation-using-public-key-fingerprints">Host validation using public key fingerprints</h3>
<p>When <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">validateHost</code> is enabled, the host public key fingerprints are validated. They can be provided
in the format the standard command line tool <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">ssh-keygen</code> produces them. The fingerprints are
prefixed with an alias of the hash algorithm that was used to calculate the fingerprint. Ditto supports the following
hash algorithms for public key fingerprints: <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">MD5</code>, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">SHA1</code>, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">SHA224</code>, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">SHA256</code>, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">SHA384</code> and <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">SHA512</code>. To generate a
valid fingerprint with an <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">MD5</code> hash algorithm from the public key, following can be used:</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>ssh-keygen -lf id_rsa.pub -E md5
</code></pre></div></div>
<h2 id="feedback">Feedback?</h2>
<p>Please <a href="feedback.html">get in touch</a> if you have feedback or questions regarding this new functionality.</p>
<p><br />
<br /></p>
<figure><img class="docimage" src="images/ditto.svg" alt="Ditto" style="max-width: 500px" /></figure>
<p>–<br />
The Eclipse Ditto team</p>
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</footer>
</div>
<!-- /.row -->
</div>
<!-- /.container -->
</div>
<!-- /#main -->
</div>
</body>
</html>