diff --git a/docs/book/0_general_setup.md b/docs/book/0_general_setup.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ee33421 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/book/0_general_setup.md @@ -0,0 +1,292 @@ +![header](images/header.png) + +# Input and general settings + +
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+ +The objective of this use case is to present new users the steps necessary to develop a LISFLOOD catchment model. We will guide you through the input data, the most important parts of the settings file, the diverse runs you will need to initialize the model states, and the outputs of every run. + +We will suppose that there is a project in which we are asked to run a 30-year long simulation of the Nam Ngum river (Laos) to assess the water resources in the catchment. + + +```python +import numpy as np +import pandas as pd +import xarray as xr +import matplotlib.pyplot as plt +from pathlib import Path +from datetime import datetime, timedelta +from lisflood_read_plot import * + +model_path = Path('../../model/') +``` + +## 1 Study area + +The Nam Ngum River is a tributary of the Mekong River that flows into it a few kilometers downstream of Laos' capital city, Vientiane. The catchment has an area of approximately 16,000 km², of which 8,400 km² are regulated by the Nam Ngum Reservoir. The mean annual rainfall in the catchment is 1200 mm and a mean annual temperature around 12 °C. + +The [GloFAS (Global Flood Awareness System)](https://global-flood.emergency.copernicus.eu/) streamflow dataset contains two gauging stations within the Nam Ngum River catchment. In this exercise, we will use the gauge downstream to cut the static maps and the meteorological forcing that LISFLOOD needs as input data. However, we are not interested specifically in these two gauging stations; instead, we will define three reporting points, one corresponding to the downstream gauge and two points we will locate in the tributaries of the Nam Ngum River. + +![Run explanation](images/introduction_map.png) + +***Figure 1**. The Nam Ngum river (Laos) is a tributary of the Mekong river.* + +## 2 Input data + +The input data required by the LISFLOOD model can be divided in three groups: static maps, tables and meteorological forcings. + +### 2.1 Maps + +They are included in the folder [_maps_], classified according to topics (_channels_, _general_, _lakes_...). This organization is voluntary, you can find your own way to organize the maps, as long as you reference them correctly in the settings file. + +The specific maps for this case study were created by cutting the global maps to the catchment of our oulet gauging station. The `cutmaps` tool from the [LISFLOOD utilities repository](https://github.com/ec-jrc/lisflood-utilities) allows you to perform this task. + +LISFLOOD requires a set of maps that define catchment properties such as topography, soil properties, land use, etc. LISFLOOD users are encouraged to produce their own maps following the protocol explained [here](https://ec-jrc.github.io/lisflood-code/4_Static-Maps-introduction/). [European maps](https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/f572c443-7466-4adf-87aa-c0847a169f23) at 1 arcminute resolution and [global maps](https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC132801) at 3 arcminute resolution are publicly available. + +#### 2.1.1 Static maps + +The vast majority of these maps are static, i.e., they do not change over time. These maps include the channel properties, land cover related maps, soil properties, etc. Let's see how some of the soil properties look like: + + +```python +# load maps +variables = ['ksat1_f', 'ksat2_f', 'thetas1_f', 'thetas2_f', 'thetas3'] +soils = {} +for var in variables: + ds = xr.open_dataset(model_path / 'maps' / 'soil_hydraulics' / f'{var}.nc') + ds.close() + soils[var] = ds['Band1'] + +# plot maps +ncols = len(variables) +fig, ax = plt.subplots(ncols=ncols, figsize=(5 * ncols, 5)) +for i, (var, da) in enumerate(soils.items()): + da.plot(ax=ax[i], cmap='Blues', cbar_kwargs={'label': var, "orientation": "horizontal", "shrink": 0.8, "aspect": 40, "pad": 0.1}) + ax[i].axis('off'); +``` + +![png](images/0_2.png) + +***Figure 2**. Static maps of some of the soil hydraulic properties.* + +> **Note**. For a detailed description of each of the input maps, including the abreviations used to identify them, please refer to this [link](https://ec-jrc.github.io/lisflood-model/4_1_annex_input-files/). + +#### 2.1.2 Dynamic maps + +Some of the maps, instead, are dynamic, i.e., they change over time. In our case, since we have decided to simulate land use change and water use change, there are three sets of maps with temporal evolution. + +**Leaf area index (LAI)** + +Leaf area index has an annual cycle, therefore, representative maps for the evolution of LAI over a generic year must be provided. LAI maps are the only compulsory dynamic maps. In this example, we provide 10-day average LAI maps (36 maps per year) for forest (_laif.nc_), irrigated (_laii.nc_) and other (_laio.nc_) land uses; you can find them in folder _maps/vegetation/_. + + +```python +# load and plot some map stacks +variables = {'laif': 'LAI forest', 'laii': 'LAI irrigated', 'laio': 'LAI other'} +lai = {} +for var, name in variables.items(): + ds = xr.open_dataset(model_path / 'maps' / 'vegetation' / f'{var}.nc') + ds.close() + # extract the LAI variable + da = ds['Band1'] + # set representative timesteps + da['time'] = pd.date_range(datetime(2000, 1, 1), periods=ds.dims['time'], freq='10d') + # set attributes + da.name = name + da.attrs['long_name'] = name + da.attrs['units'] = '-' + lai[var] = da + +# plot maps and timeseries of LAI +plot_mapstacks(lai, vmin=0, vmax=6.8, ylabel='Leaf area index') +``` + +![png](images/0_3.png) + +***Figure 3**. Leaf Area Index maps for different land covers. The maps on top show the mean annual LAI, whereas the lineplot at the bottom the evolution over time of the mean catchment LAI.* + +> **Note**. Check this [link](https://ec-jrc.github.io/lisflood-code/4_Static-Maps_leaf-area-index/) for more info about the use of LAI maps in LISFLOOD. + +**Transient water use** + +In this use case, we have decided to model the change in water use over the study period. The following plot shows how the water use is distributed spatially across the catchment and its evolution over time. + + +```python +# load and plot some map stacks +water_use = {} +for var in ['dom', 'ene', 'ind', 'liv']: + da = xr.open_dataarray(model_path / 'maps' / 'water_use' / f'{var}.nc') + da.close() + water_use[var] = da + +# calculate minimum and maximum values of soil moisture among all the map stacks +vmin = np.min([da.mean('time').min() for var, da in water_use.items()]) +vmax = np.max([da.mean('time').max() for var, da in water_use.items()]) + +plot_mapstacks(water_use, figsize=(15, 6), vmin=vmin, vmax=vmax, ylabel='water use') +``` + +![png](images/0_4.png) + +***Figure 4**. Transient water use for 4 types of consumption (_dom_: domestic, _ene_: energy, _ind_: industry, _liv_: livestock). The maps on top show mean consumption over the study period, whereas the lineplot at the bottom shows the evolution over time of the mean catchment water use.* + +The maps above show that water use is concentrated in a few cells over the catchment. The lineplot shows that, in our case, water use has increased in the last few decades, and that the domestic consumption has a seasonal cycle. + +**Land use change** + +To reproduce land use change, we provide LISFLOOD with monthly maps of the fraction of each cell devoted to each land use. The files are located in the folder _maps/land_use/dynamic_. For instance, let's see the evolution of the six land covers (forest, irrigated, other, water bodies, urban and rice) over the 41 year period: + + +```python +land_use = {} +for var in ['forest', 'irrigated', 'other', 'rice', 'sealed', 'water']: + da = xr.open_dataarray(model_path / 'maps' / 'land_use' / 'dynamic' / f'frac{var}.nc') + da.close() + land_use[var] = da + +plot_mapstacks(land_use, vmin=0, vmax=1, figsize=(15, 11), nrows=2, ylim=(0, 1)) +``` + +![png](images/0_5.png) + +***Figure 5**. Land use change. Maps represent average over time, whereas the timeseries represents average over the entire catchment.* + +In our study area, the majority of the catchment belongs to either forest or the "other" fraction, with a diverging trend between the two of them. Forest cover has slightly increased, whereas the "other" fraction has decreased. The irrigated and rice cultivation areas are mostly in the lower part of the catchment, whereas the water bodies mainly refer to the reservoir. It is important to notice that the sum of all fractions must be 1. + +The data provided with the use case also includes in folder _maps/land_use/static/_ the same land use fraction maps for a simulation without land use change. In that case, each file contains a unique map that applies to the whole simulation period. + +> **Note**. Check this [link](https://ec-jrc.github.io/lisflood-model/3_13_optLISFLOOD_TransientLandUseChange/) for more information about the simulation of land use change in LISFLOOD. + +### 2.2 Meteorological forcings + +They are provided in the folder _meteo_. Five map stacks are required: air temperature 2 m above ground (_2t_), potential evaporation (_e0_), potential evaporation from bare soil (_eS0_), potential evapotranspiration (_eT0_) and precipitation (_tp_). A netCDF file is supplied for each meteorological variable; each file contains the daily maps for the 41 years of data available. + +Similarly to the [maps](#2.1-Maps), the meteorological forcings were created applying the `cutmaps` tool to the global dataset developed by the GloFAS team. The use of the GloFAS meteorological dataset is not mandatory; on the contrary, we encourage users to use their preferred meteorological datasets. The only requirement is that the meteorological forcings must match the spatial definition (coordinate reference system, resolution and grid) of the static maps. The repository [`pyg2p`](https://github.com/ec-jrc/pyg2p) developed by the LISFLOOD team can be useful for these tasks. + +Let's inspect one of these files, e.g., the air temperature. + + +```python +# load the temperature stack map +T = xr.open_dataset(model_path / 'meteo' / '2t.nc') + +# check the dimensions of the data +print('Data dimensions: {0}'.format(T.dims)) + +# extract the temperature variable +t = T['2t'] +t.data[t.data == 0] = np.nan + +# create a simple plot of the data +plot_map_timeseries(t, lw=.5, label='temperature [°C]', cmap='Blues') + +T.close() +``` + + Data dimensions: Frozen({'lon': 29, 'lat': 36, 'time': 14975}) + +![png](images/0_6.png) + +***Figure 6**. Air temperature. On the left, a map of the mean temperature; on the right, a time series of mean areal temperature.* + +> **Exercise**. Try to inspect the other meteorological datasets. + +### 2.3 Tables + +LISFLOOD uses tables (TXT files) to provide specific parameters for the lake and reservoir simulation. In this use case, since there are no lakes in the catchment, we only require these text files for the reservoir simulation (see folder _tables/reservoirs_). Each of the TXT files is a two-entry table; the first column represents the reservoir ID and the second column the value of the corresponding variable. + +As an example, the following code snippet corresponds to the file _rnormq.txt_, which defines the normal reservoir outflow (159.1 m³/s) for the Nam Ngum Reservoir (which in the GloFAS dataset has ID 530). + +```txt +530 159.1 +``` + +The location of the reservoir is defined a static map (_maps/reservoirs/reservoirs.nc_), that only contains values representing the reservoir ID at the dam locations. In our case, this map contains only one value (530) that defines the location of our reservoir. + +## 3 General setup + +### 3.1 Runs + +As mentioned above, the objective of this use case is to have a climatology of river discharge in three points of the Nam Ngum River. To do so, a simulation of 30 years needs to be done. Before we proceed with the run, we must both initialize the LISFLOOD model of the catchment and warmup the state variables. In total, we will simulate three runs: + +* An **initialization run** to estimate the average discharge in the river network (required by the kinematic wave split routing) and the average inflow in the lower groundwater zone (required to estimate the initial conditions of the lower groundwater zone). Please, read this [link](https://ec-jrc.github.io/lisflood-code/3_step5_model-initialisation/) for further information on LISFLOOD initialization. +* A **warm-up run** to estimate the state variables at the beginning of the period of interest. This run is not mandatory for a simulation like ours. It is done here only to show how the end states of a simulation can be applied as the initial conditions of a succeeding simulation. A simpler and more common approach is to simulate the main run with default initial conditions and to discard the first few years of the results, assuming that the results at the beginning of the simulation are not reliable due to unrealistic initial conditions. +* The actual **30-year run**. + +The following figure shows the extent of these three simulations in our case study. The meteorological data spans from 01-01-1979 to 31-12-2019, so 41 years of data are available. It is recommended that the initialization run be as long as possible; therefore, the 41 years of data are used for this run. To warm up the model we use the first 11 years of data (1979-1990) and the remaining 30 years are used for the actual run. + +![Run explanation](images/3_run_explanation.png) + +***Figure 7**. Time periods of the three runs. The initialization run expands the complete 41 years of meteorological data. This period is divided in a warmup run (11 first years) and the actual run (30 years).* + +### 3.2 General settings + +The Nam Ngum river catchment has a set of particularities for which it was chosen as a use case. + +* There is a reservoir that regulates approximately half of the catchment. +* There is an extensive area of the catchment dedicated to rice production. +* We want to include in the simulation the change over time of both water demand and land use. +* We want to apply split kinematic wave routing. +* The maps are in a geographic coordinate system (latitude and longitude), so we must input maps for pixel length and area (activation via option `gridSizeUserDefined` in the settings file). + +With all these requirements, we can start working from the [default settings file](https://github.com/ec-jrc/lisflood-code/blob/master/src/lisfloodSettings_reference.xml) and define our specific settings. + +#### 3.2.1 Model options + +These are the LISFLOOD modules activated in the `` element of the settings file: + +```xml + + + # [...] + + + + # option to read/write NetCDF + + + + + # options to turn hydrological modules on/off + + + + + + + + + + + # [...] + + +``` + +These options apply to the three runs (*settings_initialization.xml*, *settings_warmup.xml* and *settings_run.xml*). As we will see in the following notebooks, other options will change depending on the run. + +#### 3.2.2 Calibration parameters + +Among the multiple model parameters in LISFLOOD, the recommended calibration procedure focuses on tuning a smaller set of parameters. These calibration parameters can be found in the settings file within the element ``; the comments on each of these paremeters show their default value. We will start running our catchment model with these default values. + +```xml + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +``` + +> **Note**. Bear in mind that the default parameter values are simply a way to start the model, but they should be calibrated against observations in your specific catchment. The [LISFLOOD-calibration repository](https://github.com/ec-jrc/lisflood-calibration) is a possible way of calibrating your model, but you can use any other procedure. diff --git a/docs/book/1_initialization.md b/docs/book/1_initialization.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3a2c9d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/book/1_initialization.md @@ -0,0 +1,146 @@ +![header](images/header.png) + +# Initialization run + +
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+ +The purpose of the initialization run is to estimate two rate variables required for the model initialization: + +* _avgdis.nc_: a map of the average discharge in the river network. +* _lzavin.nc_: a map of the average inflow into the lower groundwater zone. + +We will save these outputs in a specific subfolder (_initial_) within the project folder, so we can use them it the succeeding runs. + +> **Note**. A thorough explanation on the importance of the model initialization can be found in this section of the [User Guide](https://ec-jrc.github.io/lisflood-code/3_step5_model-initialisation/). + + +```python +from pathlib import Path +import numpy as np +import pandas as pd +import xarray as xr +import matplotlib.pyplot as plt +from datetime import datetime, timedelta +from matplotlib.gridspec import GridSpec +from lisflood_read_plot import * + +path_model = Path('../../model') +path_init = path_model / 'results' / 'initial' +``` + +## 1 Settings file + +In the following lines, a snippet of the settings file ([_settings_initialization.xml_](../../model/settings_initialization.xml)) shows the most relevant lines to configure the initializatin run. + +```xml + + + # [...] + + + + + # [...] + + + + + + # GENERAL SETUP + + # [...] + + # time-related variables + + + + + + + + # paths where the results will be saved + + + + + # [...] + + # INITIAL CONDITIONS + + # water balance + + + [...] + + # channels + + + + + + # reservoirs + + + # lakes (if simulateLakes = 1) + + + + + # soils + + + + + [...] + + +``` + +* In the section ``, the option `InitLisflood` tells LISFLOOD that this run is an initialization. Since we are using as a routing module the split kinematic wave, we must deactivate the option `InitLisfloodwithoutsplit`; otherwise, the initialization run will not produce the file _avgdis.nc_ and we will not be able to initialize the routing module in succeeding runs. +* In the section ``, we must define the simulation period, the location of the output files, and the initial conditions. + * The initialization run spans from 01-01-1979 to 31-12-2019. Following the [end of timestep time convention](https://ec-jrc.github.io/lisflood-code/2_ESSENTIAL_time-management/) in LISFLOOD, the previous dates will be shifted forward by 1 day; that's why in the settings file the `StepStart` and `StepEnd` are 02-01-1979 and 01-01-2020, respectively. + * We will save the two ouput files (_lzavin.nc_ and _avgdis.nc_) in a folder named _initial_. It is not necessary to specify the extension of the NetCDF files. + * Regarding the initial conditions, those in the section water balance must be initialized with a value or a map (we define default values of 0 or 1), whereas the rest of the variables can be internally initialized by setting the value -9999. + + +## 2 Run the simulation + +To run the simulation, open a terminal, activate the Conda environment where you have installed LISFLOOD and execute the `lisflood` function pointing at the appropriate settings file. For instance: + +```shell +conda activate your_lisflood_environment +lisflood /lisflood-usecases/LF_mekong_usecase/model/settings_initialization.xml +``` + +## 3 Outputs + +The outputs are the two maps (in NetCDF format) mentioned at the top of this notebook. In the settings file, we set that these files must be saved in the _initial_ subfolder. Let's load them and inspect them: + + +```python +# load average inflow into the lower groundware zone +lzavin = xr.open_dataarray(path_init / 'lzavin.nc') +lzavin.close() + +# load average discharge +avgdis = xr.open_dataarray(path_init / 'avgdis.nc') +avgdis.close() + +# plot the maps +fig, axes = plt.subplots(ncols=2, figsize=(12, 4.5)) +for ax, da in zip(axes, [lzavin, avgdis]): + da.plot(ax=ax, cmap='Blues') + ax.axis('off') +``` + + + +![png](images/1_1.png) + + + +***Figure 1**. Output maps of the initialization run.* + +Both outputs represent an average flow rate, therefore, they have are a single map with no temporal dimension. diff --git a/docs/book/2_warmup.md b/docs/book/2_warmup.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bf2208d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/book/2_warmup.md @@ -0,0 +1,201 @@ +![header](images/header.png) + +# Warmup run + +
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+ +The purpose of the warmup run is to obtain the model state variables at the beginning of the period of interest. Hence, the model is run from the beginning of the meteorological data (01-01-1979) to the timestep prior to the beginning of the period of interest (31-12-1989). The initial conditions are set as default values, but we use the two outputs of the initialization run to set the average discharge (`avgdis`) and the average inflow into the lower groundwater zone (`lzavin`). From this run we want as a result only the map of the state variables at the end of the simulation. + +This run is not necessary in many studies. We have created this run only to show how the end maps of one simulation can be used as the initial conditions in the succeeding simulation, as it would be done in an operational forecasting system, for instance. This warmup run could be replaced by extending the final run a few years and discarding those first few years from the results. As explained in the [User Guide](https://ec-jrc.github.io/lisflood-code/3_step5_model-initialisation/), the length of time to be discarded depends on the "memory" of the water storages inside the model, which is usually in the order of months. A possible way to estimate the necessary time would be to run the model with completely different initial conditions and check when the results converge; from that moment on, the results are reliable. + + +```python +from pathlib import Path +import numpy as np +import pandas as pd +import xarray as xr +import matplotlib.pyplot as plt +from datetime import datetime, timedelta +from lisflood_read_plot import * + +path_model = Path('../../model/') +path_warmup = path_model / 'results' / 'warmup' +``` + +## 1 Settings file + +With all this in mind, the most relevant changes on the settings file ([_settings_warmup.xml_](../../model/settings_warmup.xml)) are shown in the following snippet: + +```xml + + + # [...] + + # option to initialize Lisflood + + + # report end state maps + + + # report map stack of the lower groundwater zone + # (this option is not necessary, only for educational purposes) + + + + # [...] + + + + + + # [...] + + # time-related variables + + + + + + + + + # paths + + + + # files where the end state maps will be saved + # (only a few of them are shown for the sake of brevity) + + + + + + + # [...] + + # file where the output map stack will be saved + + + # [...] + + + + + + [...] + + # files from where to read the initialized variables + + + + [...] + + +``` + +In the `` section, the initialization model is deactivated, and several options that control the outputs reported by the simulation must be activated. In the succeeding run, we need to use the end state of this warmup run as the initial state; for that, the option `repEndMaps` is activated, which will create a NetCDF map for each state variable at the last timestep of the simulation. Only for the sake of showing another way of defining the initial conditions, we decided to report the map stack (evolution over time) of the lower groundwater storage; to do so, we can keep the option `repStateMaps` deactivated, but we must switch on the option `repLZMaps`. + +In the `` section, the first thing to do is to set the start and end of the simulation, and make sure that results are reported every timestep with the variable `ReportSteps`. Then, the name and location of the output maps are defined; these maps represent the model state variables at the last timestep of the simulation, and the stack map of the lower groundwater zone storage. For the sake of simplicity, in the snippet above only a few of them are shown. We chose to save the end maps in the _initial_ subfolder of the project, together with the outputs of the initialization run, whereas the map stack will be saved in the subfolder _output/warmup_. + +In the `` element, we must define the initialization maps we've just created in the [initialization run](1_initialization.ipynb). + +## 2 Run the simulation + +To run the simulation, open a terminal, activate the Conda environment where you have installed LISFLOOD and execute the `lisflood` function pointing at the appropriate settings file. For instance: + +```shell +conda activate your_lisflood_environment +lisflood /lisflood-usecases/LF_mekong_usecase/model/settings_warmup.xml +``` + +## 3 Output + +The output of the warmup run are a series of NetCDF maps (subfolder _initial_) representing the state variables at the end of the simulation, and 1 NetCDF map stack (subfolder _out/warmup_) with the evolution of the lower groundwater zone storage. You must take into account that, depending on the modules activated in your LISFLOOD model, some end maps will be or will not be created. + +### 3.1 End state maps + +The end state maps will be the initial conditions for the succeeding run. In this example, they are the model state variables at 31-12-1989 (remember that this date is 01-01-1990 in LISFLOOD end-of-timestep notation). Let's visualize some of those maps. + + +```python +# load some end state maps (initial conditions for the run) +init_cond = {} +for var in ['tha', 'thb', 'thc', 'uz', 'lz', 'rsfil']: + da = xr.open_dataarray(path_warmup / f'{var}_end.nc') + da.close() + init_cond[var] = da + +# plot end conditions +fig, axes = plt.subplots(ncols=3, nrows=3, figsize=(12, 9.75)) +plot_config = {'soil': {'keys': ['tha', 'thb', 'thc'], 'cmap': 'Blues'}, + 'groudwater': {'keys': ['uz', 'lz'], 'cmap': 'Greens'}, + 'reservoir': {'keys': ['rsfil'], 'cmap': 'Reds'}} +for row, (group, config) in enumerate(plot_config.items()): + for col, key in enumerate(config['keys']): + init_cond[key].plot(ax=axes[row, col], cmap=config['cmap']) + axes[row, col].axis('off') + if col < 2: + for col in range(col + 1, 3): + axes[row, col].axis('off') +``` + + + +![png](images/2_1.png) + + + +***Figure 1**. Maps of the model state variables at the end of the warmup run.* + +The maps above represent: + +* The first row is the water content in the three soil layers. From left to right, $\theta_{1a}$ for superficial soil, $\theta_{1b}$ for the upper soil, and $\theta_{2}$ for the lower soil. +* The second row represents groundwater storages: $UZ$ for the upper groundwater zone, and $LZ$ for the lower groundwater zone. +* The last row represents the relative filling of reservoirs (only one in this catchment). + +The water content maps here shown correspond only to the "other" land use fraction, i.e., any but forest, irrigated or sealed. Similar maps were generated for the forest and irrigated fractions, whereas for the sealed fraction none of these maps apply, as there is no infiltration in impermeable surfaces. + +The reservoir relative filling map has only one cell with a value different from 0, which is the cell representing the reservoir. Let's find out what's the initial condition for the relative filling of the reservoir: + + +```python +print('Initial relative filling: {0:.1f}%'.format(np.nanmax(np.unique(init_cond['rsfil'])) * 100)) +``` + + Initial relative filling: 87.0% + + +### 3.2 Map stack of state variables + +We have defined in the settings file that we want to write the map stack of the lower groundwater zone storage. As mentioned earlier, this is not a compulsory step. It was done to show another possible way of defining the initial conditions on the main run, and to prove why a warmup period is necessary. + +This output differs from the end maps, since it has a temporal third dimension. Let's inspect the resulting NetCDF file. + + +```python +# load map stacks of lower groundwater zone storage +da = xr.open_dataarray(path_warmup / 'lz.nc') +da.close() + +# plot map of average over time and timeseries of areal average +plot_map_timeseries(da, cmap='Greens', color='green') + +print('Last timestep: {0}'.format(da['time'].isel(time=-1).data)) +``` + + Last timestep: 1990-01-01T00:00:00.000000000 + + + + +![png](images/2_2.png) + + + +***Figure 2**. Evolution of the lower groundwater storage throughout the warmup run. The map on the left represents the average water storave over time, whereas the lineplot on the right the evolution over time of the average catchment water storage.* + +The lineplot above proves why it is necessary to warm up the model. The default initial condition we used as a starting point for this run (02-01-1979) differs from the end condition (01-01-1990). Even though the differences may seem small in this case, they can make the difference in the succeeding run. + +The last timestep of this map stack may be used as the initial condition for the suceeding run, instead of the end map in _initial/lz.nc_, since they are the same. In the following notebook we will cover how to set this last map as the initial conditions. diff --git a/docs/book/3_run.md b/docs/book/3_run.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b973481 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/book/3_run.md @@ -0,0 +1,366 @@ +![header](images/header.png) + +# Main run + +
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+
+ +Once we have done the initialization run and we have estimated the initial conditions in the warmup run, we are in a position to perform our target simulation. We want to simulate the 30 years period between 01-01-1990 and 31-12-2019 in order to estimate the climatology of the hydrological processes in the Nam Ngum River Basin. Remember that in [LISFLOOD time convention](https://ec-jrc.github.io/lisflood-code/2_ESSENTIAL_time-management/) these dates correspond to 02-01-1990 and 01-01-2020, respectively. + + +```python +from pathlib import Path +import numpy as np +import pandas as pd +import xarray as xr +import matplotlib.pyplot as plt +from datetime import datetime, timedelta +from matplotlib.gridspec import GridSpec +from lisflood_read_plot import * + +path_model = Path('../../model/') +path_run = path_model / 'results' / 'run' +``` + +## 1 Settings file + +We will introduce a few changes in the settings file ([*settings_run.xml*](../../model/settings_run.xml)) compared with the file used in the warmup: + + +```xml + + + [...] + + # option to compute indicators + + + # report time series + + + + # report maps + + + + + + + [...] + + + + + + [...] + + # reporting points + + + # time-related variables + + + + + + + # paths + + + + + # initial conditions + + + [...] + + + + [...] + + + + + + [...] + + # initialization + + + + [...] + + +``` + +In the `` section, time series and maps to be reported are activated/deactivated. We chose to report time series of discharge (`repDischargeTs`) and reservoirs (`repsimulateReservoirs`); these options will save text files (in TSS format) with the respecive time series. Regarding maps, in this case we're not interested in the end state maps, therefore `repEndMaps` is deactivated. We're only interested in the map stacks of state variables, therefore we activated `RepStateMaps`. However, this option will not create the discharge and water abstraction map stacks; for that we need to activate the variables `repDischargeMaps` and `RepTotalAbs`. Finally, to generate the water exploitation index maps, we need to activate both `indicator` and `repWIndex`. + +In the `` section, we need to set several features. First, the points in the river network for which time series output will be generated; we defined three points using their longitude and latitude separated by spaces (there are other posibilities to set the reporting points). We set the simulation period, i.e., the start and end dates (`StepStart` and `StepEnd`), the timestep from which initial conditions may be read (`timestepInit`) and the timesteps that will be included in the output map stacks (`ReportSteps`). Later, the paths for the initial conditions and outputs are set. Finaly, the location of the initial condition maps must be specified. Special remark on the lower groundwater zone initial value (`LZInitValue`), for which we generated a map stack during the [warmup run](2_warmup.ipynb), instead of a end map; that's the reason why the directory where the map is located is different. + +> **Note**. Pay special attention to the 5 nines in the variable `ReportSteps` (`1..99999`), which are necessary since the simulation exceeds the 10,000 timesteps + +In the `` element, same as in the warmup run, we must define the two maps that we generated in the [initialization run](1_initialization.ipynb). + +## 2 Run the simulation + +This step is similar to the two previous runs, but pointing at the specific settings file ([*settings_run.xml*](../../model/settings_run.xml)). + +```shell +conda activate your_lisflood_environment +lisflood /lisflood-usecases/LF_mekong_usecase/model/settings_run.xml +``` + +## 3 Outputs + +In this section we will see some of the outputs that the simulation has generated, which include map stacks and time series. + + +```python +settings_file = path_model / 'settings_run.xml' +``` + +### 3.1 Map stacks + +#### 3.1.1 Soil layers + +First, we will analyse the water stored in the soil layers. We'll load the data and then plot it. The maps show the average over time, whereas the lineplot shows a time series obtained by computing the spatial average for each timestep. In the first case we get an insight into the spatial variability, whereas in the second case we show temporal variability. + + +```python +# load and plot some map stacks +soil_storages = {} +for var in ['tha', 'thb', 'thc']: + da = xr.open_dataarray(path_run / f'{var}.nc') + da.close() + soil_storages[var] = da + +# calculate minimum and maximum values of soil moisture among all the map stacks +vmin = np.min([da.mean('time').min() for var, da in soil_storages.items()]) +vmax = np.max([da.mean('time').max() for var, da in soil_storages.items()]) +plot_mapstacks(soil_storages, vmin=vmin, vmax=vmax, ylabel='soil moisture') +``` + + + +![png](images/3_1.png) + + + +***Figure 1**. Evolution of soil moisture in the three soil layers throughout the main run.* + +From the previous plots we can extract the following thoughts: + +* The superficial soil ($tha$) shows a much higher temporal variability, since this layer is the most affected by precipitation and evapotranspiration. +* The upper soil layer ($thb$) has a seasonal variation. The "wet" season shows a lag with respect to the "wet" season in the superficial soil. +* The lower soil layer ($thc$) has also a seasonal variation, but at a much lower scale than the other two soil layers, reason why it's bearly noticeable in this plot. + +#### 3.1.2 Groundwater zones + +Let's do a similar analysis on the two groundwater zones. + + +```python +# load and plot some map stacks +gw = {} +for var in ['uz', 'lz']: + da = xr.open_dataarray(path_run / f'{var}.nc') + da.close() + gw[var] = da + +# calculate minimum and maximum values among all the map stacks +vmin = np.min([da.mean('time').min() for var, da in gw.items()]) +vmax = np.max([da.mean('time').max() for var, da in gw.items()]) +plot_mapstacks(gw, vmin=vmin, vmax=vmax, ylabel='water content') +``` + + + +![png](images/3_2.png) + + + +***Figure 2**. Evolution of the two groundwater storages trhoughout the main run.* + +From this plot we can infer that, in this case, both zones show seasonality, but the order of magnitude of this seasonal variation differs. Whereas the annual pattern in the upper zone ($\text{uz}$) is clearly visible in the lineplot, that of the lower zone ($\text{lz}$) is unnoticeable. + +#### 3.1.3 Discharge + +In the case of discharge, apart from the average map over time, we will plot the discharge time series for the outlet. + + +```python +# read map stack +dis = xr.open_dataarray(path_run / 'dis.nc') + +# configure plot +fig = plt.figure(figsize=(12, 4)) +gs = GridSpec(1, 3, figure=fig) + +# map of daily mean +ax1 = fig.add_subplot(gs[0,0]) +ax1.axis('off') +dis.mean('time').plot(ax=ax1, cmap='Blues', + cbar_kwargs={"orientation": "horizontal", "shrink": 0.8, "aspect": 40, "pad": 0.1}) + +# daily time series of areal mean +ax2 = fig.add_subplot(gs[0,1:]) +outlet = dis.mean('time').argmax(['lat', 'lon']) +dis.isel(outlet).plot(lw=1, ax=ax2) +# configure time series plot +ax2.set(xlim=(dis.time.data[0], dis.time.data[-1]), + ylabel=f'discharge [{dis.units}]'); +``` + + + +![png](images/3_3.png) + + + +***Figure 3**. Average river discharge and time series of river discharge at the catchment outlet.* + +The same discharge time series at the catchment outlet can be generated directly from the model simulation. For that, the option `repDischargeTs` in the settings file must be active, and the variable `Gauges` must include the coordinates of the outlet. + +#### 3.1.4 Reservoir and rice irrigation + +In this section we will analyse the map stacks generated by the reservoir and the rice irrigation options. First, we will load the map stacks and later we will plot the data. + + +```python +# load map stacks +water_use = {} +for var in ['ResStor', 'ResAbs', 'tAbsPdRc']: + da = xr.open_dataarray(path_run / f'{var}.nc') + da.close() + water_use[var] = da + +plot_mapstacks(water_use, agg='sum', ylabel='volume', yscale='log') +``` + + + +![png](images/3_4.png) + + + +***Figure 4**. Evolution of the reservoir volumen over the main run.* + +The two maps on the top left show, respectively, mean reservoir storage and mean reservoir abstraction. Since there is only one reservoir in the catchment, only one cell has a value larger than zero. We can use this map to find the location of the reservoir and extract from the map stack the time series of reservoir storage for that cell (blue line in the lineplot). A similar procedure is carried out for the map stack of reservoir abstraction to produce the green line in the lineplot. Finally, the paddy rice irrigation map (plot on the top right) shows the areas in the catchment where rice is produced and the average amount of water required. The map stack of rice abstraction is used to create a total rice irrigation demand (red line in the lineplot). Pay attention to the scale of the _y_ axis in the lineplot; it is in logarithmic scale in order to show the variability of abstraction and rice irrigation despite their much lower order of magnitude compared with the reservoir storage. + +As shown in these plots, from the map stacks we can extract time series. As we will see later, activating the option `repsimulateReservoir` in the settings file generates time series (TSS files) of the reservoir simulation. However, in the case of the reservoir storage, the TSS file represents relative filling, instead of stored volume. + +#### 3.1.5 Water exploitation indexes + +As we activated the options `indicator` and `repWIndex`, a series of water index maps were generated: + +* WDI: water dependency index + +$$WDI = \frac{\text{local Water Demand Not Met By Local Water}}{\text{total Water Demand}}$$ + +* WSI: water security index + +$$WSI = \frac{\text{upstream Inflow Actually Used}}{\text{upstream Inflow Available}}$$ + +* WTI: water sustainability index + +$$WTI = 1 - \frac{\text{surface Water Deficit}}{\text{total Water Demand}}$$ + +All these maps have monthly resolution, even though the simulation has daily timesteps. + + +```python +# load and plot some map stacks +wi = {} +for var in ['WDI', 'WSI', 'WTI']: + da = xr.open_dataarray(path_run / f'{var}.nc') + da.close() + wi[var] = da + +# calculate minimum and maximum values among all the map stacks +vmin = np.min([da.mean('time').min() for var, da in wi.items()]) +vmax = np.max([da.mean('time').max() for var, da in wi.items()]) +plot_mapstacks(wi, vmin=vmin, vmax=vmax, ylabel='water content') +``` + + + +![png](images/3_5.png) + + + +***Figure 5**. Water indexes. Maps are averages over the whole period; time series are averages over the whole catchment.* + +The maps reproduce the water regions; with the southern region having a slightly higher water demand stress. In the time series we observe that from 2005 onwards there are recurrent periods in which some of the local demands are not met by local water (peaks in WDI). + +### 3.2 Time series +#### 3.2.1 Discharge + +As mentioned before, discharge time series can be produced directly from the model. The option `repDischargeTs` in the settings file must be active, and the variable `Gauges` must define the points of interest (in our case using the coordinates, but there are other ways to set it). We defined three points in which the model will generate time series. Let's check the results: + + +```python +# import time series +disWin = read_tss(path_run / 'disWin.tss', xml=settings_file) + +# plot time series +fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(12, 4)) +ax.plot(disWin, lw=.7, label=disWin.columns) + +dis.isel(outlet).plot(linestyle='', marker='o', markersize=1, color='C2', ax=ax, label='3 (netCDF)') +ax.set(xlim=(disWin.index[0], disWin.index[-1]), + ylim=(-200, 6200), + ylabel='discharge [m3/s]', + title='') +fig.legend(loc=8, ncol=4, bbox_to_anchor=[0.5, -0.15, .1, .1], frameon=False); +``` + + + +![png](images/3_6.png) + + + +***Figure 6**. Discharge time series at the three points of interest.* + +The _disWin.tss_ file includes the discharge time series for the three points we defined. Each point is assigned an identifier; in our case, the catchment outlet corresponds to point 3. For the sake of comparison, the plot includes as points the discharge time series at the outlet extracted from the discharge map stack (_dis.nc_) in section [3.1.3 Discharge](#3.1.3-Discharge); we check that the values of the TSS file are equal to those of the netCDF. + +#### 3.2.2 Reservoirs + +We have activated the option `repsimulateReservoirs` in the settings file, so the simulation has created three TSS files representing the inflow (_qresin.tss_), outflow (_qresout.tss_) and relative filling (_resfill.tss_) of the reservoirs. In our case, since there's only one reservoir in the catchment, only one time series is included in each of these TSS files. Let's load these time series and plot the reservoir simulation. + + +```python +# load reservoir time series +timeseries = {'inflow': 'qresin', + 'outflow': 'qresout', + 'filling': 'resfill'} +res_ts = {} +for var, file in timeseries.items(): + ts = read_tss(path_run / f'{file}.tss', xml=settings_file, squeeze=True) + res_ts[var] = ts +res_ts = pd.DataFrame.from_dict(res_ts) + +# load reservoir relative filling limits +limits = {'conservative': 'c', + 'normal': 'n', + 'flood': 'f'} +res_lim = {} +for var, file in limits.items(): + res_lim[var] = pd.read_csv(path_model / 'tables' / 'reservoirs' / f'r{file}lim.txt', delim_whitespace=True, header=None, index_col=0).iloc[0,0] + +# plot reservoir simulation +plot_reservoir(res_ts, clim=res_lim['conservative'], nlim=res_lim['normal'], flim=res_lim['flood']) +``` + + + +![png](images/3_7.png) + + + +***Figure 7**. Reservoir inflow, outflow and relative filling.* + +Conclusions from this plot: + +* The reservoir storage is kept between the normal and flood limits throughout most of the simulation period. In 1994, 1995 and 1997 there are three exceptions in which the storage exceeded the flood limit. diff --git a/docs/book/4_following_steps.md b/docs/book/4_following_steps.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9caaeac --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/book/4_following_steps.md @@ -0,0 +1,240 @@ +![header](images/header.png) + +# Following steps + +
+
+
+ +So far we have developed a LISFLOOD model than runs and it is correctly initialized. However, we are using default model parameters, so there's no confidence at all in the accuracy of the model. Before you can extract any conclusions from your model results, the model needs to be calibrated. As a result of the calibration, the model parameters are tuned so that the outputs reproduce observed data as good as possible. Calibration is usually performed on the river discharge timeseries at one or more gauging stations, but there are plenty of other calibration strategies. + +To perform a calibration, LISFLOOD proposes a [calibration tool](https://github.com/ec-jrc/lisflood-calibration) based on DEAP (Distributed Evolutionary Algorithms in Python) ([Fortin et al., 2012](https://www.jmlr.org/papers/volume13/fortin12a/fortin12a.pdf)).The calibration procedure exceeds the scope of this tutorial, so we will not get into it. Please, feel free to use any other calibration procedure or optimization algorithm. + +## 1 Settings + +The repository includes three settings files (one for each of the runs) in which we have changed the calibration parameters according to the results of the calibration of the model (`lfuser` element in the settings file). Apart from the calibration parameters, we have changed the output directories, so the results don't overwrite those of the previous runs. The results will be saved in subdirectories called _calibrated_; for instance, the initial conditions will be saved in the folder _initial/calibrated_ instead of the folder _initial_. + +The snippet below shows a part of the file [_settings_calibrated_run.xml_](../../model/settings_calibrated_run.xml) that is used to run the final simulation of 30 years using calibrated parameters. It defines the paths to the initial conditions and where results will be saved, and the definition of the calibrated parameters. + +```xml + + + [...] + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + [...] + + +``` + + +```python +from pathlib import Path +import numpy as np +import pandas as pd +import xarray as xr +import matplotlib.pyplot as plt +from lisflood_read_plot import * + +path_model = Path('../../model/') +path_init = path_model / 'results' / 'initial' +path_warmup = path_model / 'results' / 'warmup' +path_run = path_model / 'results' / 'run' +``` + +## 2 Initialization + +As explained in [Chapter 1 - Initialization](1_initialization.ipynb), this run is meant to create two outmaps that define the average river discharge (_avgdis.nc_) and the average inflow into the lower groundwater zone (_lzavin.nc_). Let's see how these initialization maps change once we apply the calibration parameters. + + +```python +fig, ax = plt.subplots(ncols=2, nrows=2, figsize=(10, 9)) + +for r, (var, cmap) in enumerate(zip(['lzavin', 'avgdis'], ['Blues', 'Greens'])): + non_calib = xr.open_dataarray(path_init / f'{var}.nc') + non_calib.close() + calib = xr.open_dataarray(path_init / 'calibrated' / f'{var}.nc') + calib.close() + + vmin = min(non_calib.min(), calib.min()) + vmax = max(non_calib.max(), calib.max()) + + for c, da in enumerate([non_calib, calib]): + da.plot(ax=ax[r, c], cmap=cmap, vmin=vmin, vmax=vmax) + ax[r, c].axis('off') + +fig.text(.275, .9, 'Uncalibrated', fontsize=12, horizontalalignment='center') +fig.text(.7, .9, 'Calibrated', fontsize=12, horizontalalignment='center'); +``` + + + +![png](images/4_1.png) + + + +***Figure 1**. Output maps from the initialization run: average inflow into the lower groundwater zone (LZAvin) and average river discharge (avgdis). The left column corresponds to the initialization with default parameters, and the right column to the initialization with calibrated parameters.* + +In our study case, the change in the _lzavin_ is notorious. + +## 3 Warmup + +As explained in [Chapter 3 - Warmup](2_warmup.ipynb), the objective of this run is to find the initial conditions at the begining of the target run. The usual output of these simulation is a set of maps (NetCDF) with the model state variables at the end of the simulation. For educational purposes, we chose to write, not only the end state maps, but also the map stack of one of the state variables: the lower groundwater zone. + +Let's see how some of the outputs of this run have changed with the calibrated parameters and the new initialization maps. + +### 3.1 End maps + +The following figure compares the end state maps of the warmup run with default parameters (_uncalibrated_) and the run with calibrated parameters (_calibrated_). Only five state variables are shown, the three soil layers (blue) and the two groundwater zones (green). + + +```python +# load some end state maps (initial conditions for the run) +init_cond = {'uncalibrated': {}, 'calibrated': {}} +vmin, vmax = np.nan, np.nan +for var in ['tha', 'thb', 'thc', 'uz', 'lz']: + da = xr.open_dataarray(path_warmup / f'{var}_end.nc') + da.close() + init_cond['uncalibrated'][var] = da + da = xr.open_dataarray(path_warmup / 'calibrated' / f'{var}_end.nc') + da.close() + init_cond['calibrated'][var] = da + +# plot end state maps +fig, ax = plt.subplots(ncols=3, nrows=4, figsize=(12, 14)) +plot_config = {'soil': {'vars': ['tha', 'thb', 'thc'], 'cmap': 'Blues'}, + 'groudwater': {'vars': ['uz', 'lz'], 'cmap': 'Greens'}} +for g, (group, config) in enumerate(plot_config.items()): + for col, var in enumerate(config['vars']): + # calculate minimum and maximum values for the colorbar + vmin = min([init_cond[sim][var].min() for sim in ['uncalibrated', 'calibrated']]) + vmax = max([init_cond[sim][var].max() for sim in ['uncalibrated', 'calibrated']]) + for s, sim in enumerate(['uncalibrated', 'calibrated']): + # plot the map + row = g * 2 + s + init_cond[sim][var].plot(ax=ax[row, col], cmap=config['cmap'], vmin=vmin, vmax=vmax) + ax[row, col].axis('off') + if col < 2: + for c in range(col + 1, 3): + ax[row, c].axis('off') + # add title to each row + if col == 0: + fig.text(.08, .8 - .2 * row, sim, fontsize=13, rotation=90, verticalalignment='center'); +``` + + + +![png](images/4_2.png) + + + +***Figure 2**. Initial conditions in the soil (blue) and groundwater (green) layers. In each of the groups of variables, the top row corresponds to the initial conditions with default parameters, and the bottom row the initial conditions with calibrated parameters.* + +In our study case, the initial conditions of the soil layers have not changed significantly, but those of the groundwater zone are clearly different. + +### 3.2 Lower groundwater zone + +In the previous figure we saw that the state of the lower groundwater zone is very different with the new calibrated warmup run. Since we have created the map stack for this variable, we can dig deeper in the differences between this warmup run with calibrated parameters and the the previous warmup run with default parameters. + +The following figure shows the timeseries of the average lower groundwater storage (catchment mean) in both warmup runs. + + +```python +# load map stack for the uncalibrated warmup +lz = xr.open_dataarray(path_warmup / 'lz.nc') +lz.close() + +# load map stack for the calibrated warmup +lz_cal = xr.open_dataarray(path_warmup / 'calibrated' / 'lz.nc') +lz_cal.close() + +# plot comparison +fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(12, 4)) +lz.mean(['lat', 'lon']).plot(ax=ax, lw=.7, label='uncalibrated') +lz_cal.mean(['lat', 'lon']).plot(ax=ax, lw=.7, label='calibrated') +ax.set(xlim=('1979-01-01', '1990-01-01'), + xlabel=None, + ylim=(0, 200), + ylabel='lower groundwater [mm]', + title='') +fig.legend(loc=8, ncol=4, bbox_to_anchor=[0.45, -0.07, .1, .1], frameon=False); +``` + + + +![png](images/4_3.png) + + + +***Figure 3**. Evolution of the amount of water stored in the lower groundwater zone during the warmup run.* + +## 4 Run + +The previous figures were meant only to explain why the initialization and warmup simulations need to be rerun with the new calibrated parameters. If we didn't, neither the initialization maps nor the initial conditions would correspond to the behaviour of the calibrated model, which would cause a strange model output at the beginning of the target run. + +Now we are in a position to run our target simulation with a correct initialization and a calibrated model. The following figure compares the discharge simulated at the catchment outlet by both the uncalibrated and the calibrated models. + + +```python +# settings files for the main run with default or calibrated parameters +settings = path_model / 'settings_run.xml' +settings_cal = path_model / 'settings_calibrated_run.xml' + +# import non-calibrated discharge timeseries +dis = read_tss(path_run / 'disWin.tss', xml=settings) + +# import calibrated discharge timeseries +dis_cal = read_tss(path_run / 'calibrated' / 'disWin.tss', xml=settings_cal) + +# plot timeseries +fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(12, 4)) +ax.plot(dis.iloc[:,-1], lw=.7, label='uncalibrated') +ax.plot(dis_cal.iloc[:,-1], lw=.7, label='calibrated') +ax.set(xlim=('2010-01-01', '2015-01-01'), + ylim=(-200, 4200), + ylabel='discharge [m3/s]', + title='') +fig.legend(loc=8, ncol=4, bbox_to_anchor=[0.45, -0.05, .1, .1], frameon=False); +``` + + + +![png](images/4_4.png) + + + +***Figure 4**. River discharge at the catchment outlet with default (blue) or calibrated (orange) parameters.* + +As we see, the results differ when we run the calibrated model. These differences may seem small in our case study, but it is extremely important to calibrate the model before extracting any conclusions from the model results. diff --git a/docs/book/5_other_usecases.md b/docs/book/5_other_usecases.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a256648 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/book/5_other_usecases.md @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +![header](images/header.png) + +# Other use cases + +
+
+
+ +The [`lisflood-usecases`](https://ec-jrc.github.io/lisflood-usecases) repository includes two more use cases. The purpose of those use cases is for you to get kick-started with LISFLOOD as well as to give you the opportunity to verify that the model is running correctly on your PC. + +We have prepared for each of the two use cases all the static input maps, the meteorological forcings and the LISFLOOD setting files. Once you have downloaded and installed the LISFLOOD model on your own PC, we recommend you to download also one (or both) of the use cases and run it (them) as a test on your PC. In order for you to know that everything has worked correctly we have uploaded the reference output file. If everything has worked correctly, the time series of discharge values of your output file is identical to the time series of discharge values of the reference file. + +Moreover, a Jupyter Notebook has been developed to show the functioning of LISFLOOD without the need of installing anything on the users’ computer. A description of the Jupyter notebook is provided [below](#jupyter-notebook). + +## 1 Running LISFLOOD-OS on your PC + +### Use case 1: Fraser River, British Columbia, Canada + +The first use case is located in West Canada, in a basin called Fraser. The Fraser River rises at Fraser Pass near Blackrock Mountain in the Rocky Mountains and discharges into the Pacific Ocean at the city of Vancouver. With its 1,375 km length, it is the longest river within British Columbia and the 11th longest river in Canada. The basin size is about 220,000 km2, while the annual discharge at its mouth is 3,550 m3. + +![](../../../doc/FraserRiver.png) + +For testing the LISFLOOD code we prepared all the required input (maps) for a subsection of the Fraser basin (see red dashed box in Figure above). The maps cover the river section from the Nechako tributary in the North till the Quesnel tributary in the South. The outlet point of our test case is located on the main Fraser river at the height of the Quesnel city and has an upstream area of 114,00 km2. As our subsection covers only a relatively small portion of the outlet's upstream catchment, four inlet points have been implemented (called Shelley, Isle Pierre, near Cinema and near Quesnel) accounting for the discharge (of the Upper Fraser, Nechako, Blackwater and Quesnel river respectively) prior to "inflowing" into our map area. + +As this is a use case from our global setup, all input maps are in the geographical system WGS84, with latitude and longitude. The map extent is 52.6o to 54o North and -121.4o to -124.5o West, with a horizontal resolution of 0.1 degree. The standard map format is netCDF. + +### Use case 2: Po River, Italy + +The second use case is located in North Italy, in the Po River Basin. Its source is at Monte Viso in Piemonte (Italy) at about 3,700 m; from there it flows 652 km eastwards till it flows into the Adriatic Sea close to Venice. The whole basin covers about 74,000 km², of which 70,000 km² are on Italian territory, and the remaining are shared between France and Switzerland. + +![](../../../doc/PoRiver.png) + +Also for this use case we have selected only a portion of the whole river basin. You can see the selected area in the map above as it is outlined with a red dashed box. It includes a large part of the Upper Po River basin till the outlet at Pieve del Cairo on the main Po River. The area upstream of the outlet is 25,875 km². However, as not all of the very upstream sections are fully included in the map extent (you see that some are outside of the red box) five inflow points were defined (see map). At those locations a pre-calculated discharge time series will be used that accounts also for all the upstream areas. + +As this use case is from our European setup, all the input maps are in the SPIRE compliant ETRS89 Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area Coordinate Reference System (ETRS-LAEA). The extent of the prepared input maps for this use case is 2535000 (top), 4095000 (left), 4230000 (right) and 2380000 (bottom). The horizontal resolution is 5 km and the standard map format is netCDF. + +## 2 Running LISFLOOD-OS on a Jupyter Notebook + +A [Jupyter Notebook](../../../lisflood-notebook.ipynb) was developed to show the functioning of LISFLOOD without the need of installing anything on the users’ computer. The notebook can be accessed by simply clicking on the button “launch binder” on top of the repository's README file. It allows the user to familiarize with LISFLOOD settings, parameters, processing protocol, and output variables by simply interacting with the graphic interface of the notebook. + +When opening the notebook with Binder, the code cells are folded. Conversely, the code can be visualized by clicking on the respective small arrow on the left. The users can test the functioning of LISFLOOD by using the standard Jupyter Notebook commands. + +The Processing code cell creates an interactive interface where the users can select (i) the settings files, (ii) the temporal interval for the simulation, (iii) the hydrological modules, (iv) the values of the parameters, and (v) the output variables. + +The simulation can then be performed by simply clicking on the “Start processing” button. + +The results are visualized by the Outputs code cell. + +The notebook can also be used for data visualization of previous LISFLOOD runs. When running the Outputs code cell, the notebook checks whether the Processing code cell has been executed before. If yes, it opens the output files coming from this LISFLOOD run. If not, it opens another file chooser where the users can choose the output folder that they would like to visualize. + +> **Note**: users are recommended to test the functioning of the Jupiter notebook by running the Fraser case (*LF_lat_lon_UseCase*).
+ Prerun settings: [lisfloodSettings_reference_PreRun.xml](../../../LF_lat_lon_UseCase/lisfloodSettings_reference_PreRun.xml)
+ Run settings: [lisfloodSettings_reference_Run.xml](../../../LF_lat_lon_UseCase/lisfloodSettings_reference_Run.xml) diff --git a/docs/book/_build/.doctrees/0_general_setup.doctree b/docs/book/_build/.doctrees/0_general_setup.doctree new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c20f040 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/book/_build/.doctrees/0_general_setup.doctree differ diff --git a/docs/book/_build/.doctrees/1_initialization.doctree b/docs/book/_build/.doctrees/1_initialization.doctree new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b3039b5 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/book/_build/.doctrees/1_initialization.doctree differ diff --git a/docs/book/_build/.doctrees/2_warmup.doctree b/docs/book/_build/.doctrees/2_warmup.doctree new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ce08682 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/book/_build/.doctrees/2_warmup.doctree differ diff --git a/docs/book/_build/.doctrees/3_run.doctree b/docs/book/_build/.doctrees/3_run.doctree new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ba7296d Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/book/_build/.doctrees/3_run.doctree differ diff --git a/docs/book/_build/.doctrees/4_following_steps.doctree b/docs/book/_build/.doctrees/4_following_steps.doctree new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d11b633 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/book/_build/.doctrees/4_following_steps.doctree differ diff --git a/docs/book/_build/.doctrees/environment.pickle b/docs/book/_build/.doctrees/environment.pickle new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d2a73e7 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/book/_build/.doctrees/environment.pickle differ diff --git a/docs/book/_build/.doctrees/glue_cache.json b/docs/book/_build/.doctrees/glue_cache.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9e26dfe --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/book/_build/.doctrees/glue_cache.json @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +{} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/book/_build/.doctrees/intro.doctree b/docs/book/_build/.doctrees/intro.doctree new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b0823 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/book/_build/.doctrees/intro.doctree differ diff --git a/docs/book/_build/html/.buildinfo b/docs/book/_build/html/.buildinfo new file mode 100644 index 0000000..90793fe --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/book/_build/html/.buildinfo @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +# Sphinx build info version 1 +# This file hashes the configuration used when building these files. When it is not found, a full rebuild will be done. +config: 5dcebef49ede48f50a6cf794c7049e6e +tags: 645f666f9bcd5a90fca523b33c5a78b7 diff --git a/docs/book/_build/html/0_general_setup.html b/docs/book/_build/html/0_general_setup.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d9295d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/book/_build/html/0_general_setup.html @@ -0,0 +1,745 @@ + + + + + + + + + Input and general settings — A LISFLOOD catchment model - the Nam Ngum River + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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header

+
+

Input and general settings#

+
+
+
+

The objective of this this use case is to present new users the steps necessary to develop a LISFLOOD catchment model. We will guide you through the input data, the most important parts of the settings file, the diverse runs you will need to initialize the model, and the outputs of every run.

+

We will suppose that there is a project in which we are asked to run a 30-year long simulation of the Nam Ngum river (Laos) to assess the water resources in the catchment.

+
import numpy as np
+import pandas as pd
+import xarray as xr
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+import os
+from datetime import datetime, timedelta
+from lisflood_read_plot import *
+
+os.chdir('../../')
+
+
+
+

1 Study area#

+

The Nam Ngum River is a tributary of the Mekong River that flows into it a few kilometers downstream of Laos’ capital city, Vientiane. The catchment has an area of approximately 16,000 km2, of which 8,400 km2 are regulated by the Nam Ngum Reservoir. The mean annual rainfall in the catchment is 1200 mm and a mean annual temperature around 12 ºC.

+

According to the GloFAS (Global Flood Awareness System) dataset, the are two gauges within the Nam Ngum River catchment. In this exercise, we will use the gauge downstream to cut the static maps and the meteorological forcing that LISFLOOD needs as input data. However, we are not interested specifically in these two gaugins stations; instead, we will define three reporting points, one corresponding to the downstream gauge and two points we will choose in the tributaries of the Nam Ngum River.

+

Run explanation

+

Figure 1. The Nam Ngum river (Laos) is a tributary of the Mekong river.

+
+
+

2 Input data#

+

The input data required by the LISFLOOD model can be divided in three groups: static maps, tables and meteorological forcings.

+
+

2.1 Maps#

+

They are included in the folder maps, classified according to topics (channels, general, lakes…). This organization is voluntary, you can find your own way to organize the maps, as long as you reference them correctly in the settings file.

+

The specific maps for this case study were created by cutting the global maps to the catchment defined by our oulet gauging stations. The cutmaps tool from the LISFLOOD utilities repository allows you to perform this task.

+

LISFLOOD requires a set of maps that define catchment properties such as topography, soil properties, land use, etc. LISFLOOD users are encouraged to produce their own maps following the protocol explained here. European maps at 1 arcminute resolution and global maps at 3 arcminute resolution will be publicly available in 2023.

+
+

2.1.1 Static maps#

+

The vast majority of these maps are static, i.e., they do not change over time. These maps include the channel properties, land cover related maps, soil hydraulics, etc. Let’s see how some of the soil hydraulis properties look like:

+
# load maps
+variables = ['ksat1_f', 'ksat2_f', 'thetas1_f', 'thetas2_f', 'thetas3']
+soils = {}
+for var in variables:
+    ds = xr.open_dataset(f'maps/soil_hydraulics/{var}.nc')
+    ds.close()
+    soils[var] = ds['Band1']
+
+# plot maps
+ncols = len(variables)
+fig, ax = plt.subplots(ncols=ncols, figsize=(5 * ncols, 5))
+for i, (var, da) in enumerate(soils.items()):
+    da.plot(ax=ax[i], cmap='Blues', cbar_kwargs={'label': var, "orientation": "horizontal", "shrink": 0.8, "aspect": 40, "pad": 0.1})
+    ax[i].axis('off');
+
+
+

png

+

Figure 3. Static maps of some of the soil hydraulic properties.

+
+
+

2.1.2 Dynamic maps#

+

Some of the maps, instead, are dynamic, i.e., they change over time. In our case, since we have decided to simulate land use change and water use change, there are three sets of maps with temporal evolution.

+

Leaf area index (LAI)

+

Leaf area index has an annual cycle, therefore, representative maps for the evolution of LAI over a year must be provided. LAI maps are the only compulsory dynamic maps. In this example, we provide 10-day average LAI maps (36 maps per year) for forest (laif.nc), irrigated (laii.nc) and other (laio.nc) land uses; you can find them in folder maps/vegetation/.

+
# load and plot some map stacks
+variables = {'laif': 'LAI forest', 'laii': 'LAI irrigated', 'laio': 'LAI other'}
+lai = {}
+for var, name in variables.items():
+    ds = xr.open_dataset(f'maps/vegetation/{var}.nc')
+    ds.close()
+    # extract the LAI variable
+    da = ds['Band1']
+    # set representative timesteps
+    da['time'] = pd.date_range(datetime(2000, 1, 1), periods=ds.dims['time'], freq='10d')
+    # set attributes
+    da.name = name
+    da.attrs['long_name'] = name
+    da.attrs['units'] = '-'
+    lai[var] = da
+
+# plot maps and timeseries of LAI
+plot_mapstacks(lai, vmin=0, vmax=6.8, ylabel='Leaf area index')
+
+
+

png

+

Figure 4. Leaf Area Index maps for different land covers. The maps on top show the mean annual LAI, whereas the lineplot at the bottom the evolution over time of the mean catchment LAI.

+
+

Check this link for more info about the use of LAI maps in LISFLOOD.

+
+

Transient water use

+

In this use case, we have decided to model the change in water use along the study period. The following plot shows how the water use is distributed spatially across the catchment and its evolution over time.

+
# load and plot some map stacks
+water_use = {}
+for var in ['dom', 'ene', 'ind', 'liv']:
+    da = xr.open_dataarray(f'maps/water_use/{var}.nc')
+    da.close()
+    water_use[var] = da
+
+# calculate minimum and maximum values of soil moisture among all the map stacks
+vmin = np.min([da.mean('time').min() for var, da in water_use.items()])
+vmax = np.max([da.mean('time').max() for var, da in water_use.items()])
+
+plot_mapstacks(water_use, figsize=(15, 6), vmin=vmin, vmax=vmax, ylabel='water use')
+
+
+

png

+

Figure 5. Transient water use for 4 types of consumption (dom: domestic, ene: energy, ind: industry, liv: livestock). The maps on top show mean consumption over the study period, whereas the lineplot at the bottom shows the evolution over time of the mean catchment water use.

+

The maps above show that water use is concentrated in a few cells over the catchment. The lineplot shows that, in our case, water use has increased in the last few decades, and that the domestic consumption has a seasonal cycle.

+

Land use change

+

To reproduce land use change, we provide LISFLOOD with monthly maps of the fraction of each cell devoted to each land use. The files are located in the folder maps/land_use/dynamic. For instance, let’s see the evolution of the six land covers (forest, irrigated, other, water bodies, urban and rice) over the 41 year period:

+
land_use = {}
+for var in ['forest', 'irrigated', 'other', 'rice', 'sealed', 'water']:
+    da = xr.open_dataarray(f'maps/land_use/dynamic/frac{var}.nc')
+    da.close()
+    land_use[var] = da
+
+plot_mapstacks(land_use, vmin=0, vmax=1, figsize=(15, 11), nrows=2, ylim=(0, 1))
+
+
+

png

+

Figure 6. Land use change. Maps represent average over time, whereas the timeseries represents average over the entire catchment.

+

In our study area, the majority of the catchment belongs to either forest or the “other” fraction, with a diverging trend between the two of them; forest cover has slightly increased, whereas the “other” fraction has decreased. The irrigated and rice cultivation areas are mostly in the lower part of the catchment, whereas the water bodies mainly refer to the reservoir. It is important to notice that the sum of all fractions must be 1.

+

The data provided with the use case also includes in folder maps/land_use/static/ the same land use fraction maps for a simulation without land use change. In that case, each file contains a unique map that applies to the whole simulation period.

+
+

Check this link for more information about the simulation of land use change in LISFLOOD.

+
+
+
+
+

2.2 Meteorological forcings#

+

They are provided in the folder meteo. Five map stacks are required: air temperature 2 m above ground (2t), potential evaporation (e0), potential evaporation from bare soil (eS0), potential evapotranspiration (eT0) and precipitation (tp). A netCDF file is supplied for each meteorological variable; each file contains the daily maps for the 41 years of data available.

+

Similarly to the maps, the meteorological forcings were created applying the cutmaps tool to the global dataset developed by the GloFAS team. The use of the GloFAS meteorological dataset is not mandatory; on the contrary, we encourage users to use their preferred meteorological datasets. The only requirement is that the meteorological forcings must match the spatial definition (coordinate reference system, resolution and grid) of the static maps.

+

Let’s inspect one of these files, e.g., the air temperature.

+
# load the temperature stack map
+T = xr.open_dataset(f'meteo/2t.nc')
+
+# check the dimensions of the data
+print('Data dimensions: {0}'.format(T.dims))
+
+# extract the temperature variable
+t = T['2t']
+t.data[t.data == 0] = np.nan
+
+# create a simple plot of the data
+plot_map_timeseries(t, lw=.5, label='temperature [°C]', cmap='Blues')
+
+T.close()
+
+
+
Data dimensions: Frozen({'lon': 29, 'lat': 36, 'time': 14975})
+
+
+

png

+

Figure 7. Air temperature. On the left, a map of the mean temperature; on the right, a time series of mean areal temperature.

+
+

Try to inspect the other meteorological datasets.

+
+
+
+

2.3 Tables#

+

LISFLOOD uses tables (TXT files) to provide specific parameters for the lake and reservoir simulation. In this use case, since there are no lakes in the catchment, we only require these text files for the reservoir simulation (see folder tables/reservoirs). Each of the TXT files is a two-entry table; the first column represents the reservoir ID and the second column the value of the corresponding variable.

+

As an example, the following code snippet corresponds to the file rnormq.txt, which defines the normal reservoir outflow (159.1 m3/s) for the Nam Ngum Reservoir (which in the GloFAS dataset has ID 530).

+
530 159.1
+
+
+
+
+
+

3 General setup#

+
+

3.1 Runs#

+

As mentioned above, the objective of this use case is to have a climatology of river discharge in three points of the Nam Ngum River, for which a simulation of 30 years needs to be done. Before we proceed with the run, we must both initialize the LISFLOOD model of the catchment and warmup the state variables. In total, we will simulate three runs:

+
    +
  • An initialization run to estimate the average discharge in the river network (required by the kinematic wave split routing) and the average inflow in the lower groundwater zone (required to estimate the initial conditions of the lower groundwater zone). Please, read this link for further information on LISFLOOD initialization.

  • +
  • A warm-up run to estimate the state variables at the beginning of the period of interest. This run is not mandatory for a simulation like ours. It is done here only to show how the end states of a simulation can be applied as the initial conditions of a succeeding simulation. A simpler and more common approach is to simulate the main run with default initial conditions and to discard the first few years of the results, assuming that the results at the beginning of the simulation are not reliable due to unrealistic initial conditions.

  • +
  • The actual 30-year run.

  • +
+

The following figure shows the extent of these three simulations in our case study. The meteorological data spans from 01-01-1979 to 31-12-2019, so 41 years of data are available. It is recommended that the initialization run be as long as possible; therefore, the 41 years of data are used for this run. To warm up the model we use the first 11 years of data (1979-1990) and the remaining 30 years are used for the actual run.

+

Run explanation

+

Figure 8. Time periods of the three runs. The initialization run expands the complete 41 years of meteorological data. This period is divided in a warmup run (11 first years) and the actual run (30 years).

+
+
+

3.2 General settings#

+

The Nam Ngum river catchment has a set of particularities for which it was chosen as a use case.

+
    +
  • There is a reservoir that regulates approximately half of the catchment.

  • +
  • There is an extensive area of the catchment dedicated to rice production.

  • +
  • We want to include in the simulation the change over time of both water demand and land use.

  • +
  • We want to apply split kinematic wave routing.

  • +
  • The maps are in a geographic coordinate system (latitude and longitude), so we must input maps for pixel length and area (activation via option gridSizeUserDefined)

  • +
+

With all these requirements, we can start working from the default settings file and define our specific settings.

+
+

3.2.1 Model options#

+

These are the LISFLOOD modules activated in the <lfoptions> element of the settings file:

+
<lfoptions>
+
+    # [...]
+
+    <setoption choice="1" name="gridSizeUserDefined"/>
+
+    # option to read/write NetCDF
+    <setoption choice="1" name="readNetcdfStack"/>
+    <setoption choice="1" name="writeNetcdfStack"/>
+    <setoption choice="1" name="writeNetcdf"/>
+
+    # options to turn hydrological modules on/off
+    <setoption choice="1" name="wateruse"/>
+    <setoption choice="1" name="TransientWaterDemandChange"/>
+    <setoption choice="1" name="TransientLandUseChange"/>
+    <setoption choice="1" name="wateruseRegion"/>
+    <setoption choice="1" name="drainedIrrigation"/>
+    <setoption choice="1" name="riceIrrigation"/>
+    <setoption choice="1" name="openwaterevapo"/>
+    <setoption choice="1" name="simulateReservoirs"/>
+    <setoption choice="1" name="SplitRouting"/>
+
+    # [...]
+
+</lfoptions>
+
+
+

These options apply to the three runs (settings_initialization.xml, settings_warmup.xml and settings_run.xml). As we will see in the following notebooks, other options will change depending on the run.

+
+
+

3.2.2 Calibration parameters#

+

Amont the multiple model parameters in LISFLOOD, the recommended calibration procedure focuses on tuning a smaller set of parameters. These calibration paramenters can be found in the settings file within the element <lfusers>; the comments on each of these paremeters show their default value. We will start running our catchment model with these default values.

+
<textvar name="UpperZoneTimeConstant" value="10"/>
+<textvar name="LowerZoneTimeConstant" value="100"/>
+<textvar name="GwPercValue" value="0.5"/>
+<textvar name="GwLoss" value="0"/>
+<textvar name="LZThreshold" value="$(PathSoilHyd)/lzthreshold_Global_03min.nc"/>
+<textvar name="b_Xinanjiang" value="0.7"/>
+<textvar name="PowerPrefFlow" value="3.5"/>
+<textvar name="CalChanMan" value="2.0"/>
+<textvar name="CalChanMan2" value="3.0"/>
+<textvar name="SnowMeltCoef" value="4"/>
+<textvar name="LakeMultiplier" value="1"/>
+<textvar name="adjust_Normal_Flood" value="0.8"/>
+<textvar name="ReservoirRnormqMult" value="1.0"/>
+<textvar name="QSplitMult" value="2"/>
+
+
+
+

Note. Bear in mind that the default parameter values are simply a way to start the model, but they should be calibrated against observations in your specific catchment. The LISFLOOD-calibration repository is a possible way of calibrating your model, but you can use any other procedure.

+
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+ + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/book/_build/html/1_initialization.html b/docs/book/_build/html/1_initialization.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..682d806 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/book/_build/html/1_initialization.html @@ -0,0 +1,524 @@ + + + + + + + + + Initialization run — A LISFLOOD catchment model - the Nam Ngum River + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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+ Contents +
+ +
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+ +
+

Initialization run

+ +
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+ +
+

Contents

+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+ +

header

+
+

Initialization run#

+
+
+
+

A thorough explanation on the importance of the model initialization can be found in this section of the User Guide. To summarize, the purpose of this run is to estimate two rate variables required for the model initialization:

+
    +
  • avgdis.nc: a map of the average discharge in the river network.

  • +
  • lzavin.nc: a map of the average inflow into the lower groundwater zone.

  • +
+

We will save these outputs in a specific subfolder (initial) within the project folder.

+
import os
+import numpy as np
+import pandas as pd
+import xarray as xr
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+from datetime import datetime, timedelta
+from matplotlib.gridspec import GridSpec
+from lisflood_read_plot import *
+
+os.chdir('../../')
+
+
+
+

1 Settings file#

+

In the following lines, a snippet of the settings file (settings_initialization.xml) shows the most relevant lines in this file for the initializatin run.

+
<lfoptions>
+    
+    # [...]
+    
+    <setoption choice="1" name="InitLisflood"/>
+    <setoption choice="0" name="InitLisfloodwithoutsplit"/>
+    
+    # [...]
+    
+</lfoptions>
+
+<lfuser>
+    
+    # GENERAL SETUP
+    
+    # [...]
+    
+    # time-related variables
+    <textvar name="CalendarDayStart" value="02-01-1979 00:00"/>
+    <textvar name="StepStart" value="02-01-1979 00:00"/>
+    <textvar name="StepEnd" value="01-01-2020 00:00"/>
+    <textvar name="timestepInit" value="1"/>
+    <textvar name="DtSec" value="86400"/>
+    <textvar name="DtSecChannel" value="14400"/>
+    
+    # PATHS WHERE THE RESULTS WILL BE SAVED
+    <textvar name="PathInit" value="$(PathRoot)/initial"/>
+    <textvar name="LZAvInflowMap" value="$(PathInit)/lzavin"/>
+    <textvar name="AvgDis" value="$(PathInit)/avgdis"/>
+    
+    # [...]
+    
+    # INITIAL CONDITIONS
+    
+    # water balance
+    <textvar name="OFDirectInitValue" value="0"/>
+    <textvar name="OFOtherInitValue" value="0"/>
+    [...]
+    
+    # channels
+    <textvar name="TotalCrossSectionAreaInitValue" value="-9999"/>
+    <textvar name="CrossSection2AreaInitValue" value="-9999"/>
+    <textvar name="PrevSideflowInitValue" value="-9999"/>
+    <textvar name="PrevDischarge" value="-9999"/>
+    
+    # reservoirs
+    <textvar name="ReservoirInitialLevelValue" value="-9999"/>
+    
+    # lakes (if simulateLakes = 1)
+    <textvar name="LakeInitialLevelValue" value="-9999"/>
+    <textvar name="LakePrevInflowValue" value="-9999"/>
+    <textvar name="LakePrevOutflowValue" value="-9999"/>   
+    
+    # soils
+    <textvar name="ThetaInit1Value" value="-9999"/>
+    <textvar name="ThetaInit2Value" value="-9999"/>
+    <textvar name="ThetaInit3Value" value="-9999"/>
+    <textvar name="LZInitValue" value="-9999"/>
+    [...]
+    
+</lfuser>
+
+
+
    +
  • In the element <lfoptions>, the option InitLisflood tells LISFLOOD that this run is an initialization. Since we are using as a routing module the split kinematic wave, we must deactivate the option InitLisfloodwithoutsplit; otherwise, the initialization run will not produce the file avgdis.nc and we will not be able to initialize the routing module in suceeding runs.

  • +
  • In the element <lfuser>, we must define the simulation period, the location of the output files, and the initial conditions.

    +
      +
    • The initialization run spans from 01-01-1979 to 31-12-2019. Following the end of timestep naming convention in LISFLOOD, the previous dates will be shifted forward by 1 day; that’s why in the settings file the StepStart and StepEnd are 02-01-1979 and 01-01-2020, respectively.

    • +
    • We will save the two ouput files (lzavin.nc and avgdis.nc) in a folder named initial. It is not necessary to specify the extension of the NetCDF files.

    • +
    • Regarding the initial conditions, those in the section water balance must be initialized with a value or a map (we define default values of 0 or 1), whereas the rest of the variables can be internally initialized by setting the value -9999.

    • +
    +
  • +
+
+
+

2 Run the simulation#

+

To run the simulation, open a terminal, activate the Conda environment where you installed LISFLOOD and execute the lisflood function pointing at the appropriate settings file. For instance:

+
conda activate your_lisflood_environment
+lisflood /home/user/your_path/settings_initialization.xml
+
+
+
+
+

3 Outputs#

+

The outputs are the two maps (NetCDF format) mentioned at the top of this notebook. In the settings file, we set that these files must be saved in the initial subfolder. Let’s load them and inspect them:

+
# load average inflow into the lower groundware zone
+lzavin = xr.open_dataarray('initial/lzavin.nc')
+lzavin.close()
+
+# load average discharge
+avgdis = xr.open_dataarray('initial/avgdis.nc')
+avgdis.close()
+
+# plot the maps
+fig, axes = plt.subplots(ncols=2, figsize=(12, 4.5))
+for ax, da in zip(axes, [lzavin, avgdis]):
+    da.plot(ax=ax, cmap='Blues')
+    ax.axis('off')
+
+
+

png

+

Figure 1. Output maps of the initialization run.

+

Both outputs represent an average flow rate, therefore, they have are a single map with no temporal dimension.

+
+
+ + + + +
+ +
+ +
+
+ + +
+ + +
+
+ + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/book/_build/html/2_warmup.html b/docs/book/_build/html/2_warmup.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7ce7716 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/book/_build/html/2_warmup.html @@ -0,0 +1,586 @@ + + + + + + + + + Warmup run — A LISFLOOD catchment model - the Nam Ngum River + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+ + + + + + +
+
+ + + + + + + + + + +
+ +
+ +
+ + + + +
+
+ + + + +
+
+ + + + + +
+
+ + + +
+
+
+ +
+

Warmup run

+ +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+ +

header

+
+

Warmup run#

+
+
+
+

The purpose of this run is to obtain the model state variables at the beginning of the period of interest. Hence, the model is run from the beginning of the meteorological data (01-01-1979) to the timestep prior to the beginning of the period of interest (31-12-1989). The initial conditions are set as default values, but we use the two outputs of the initialization run to set the average discharge (avgdis) and the average inflow into the lower groundwater zone (lzavin). From this run we want as a result only the map of the state variables at the end of the simulation.

+

This run is not necessary in many studies. We have created this run only to show how the end maps of one simulation can be used as the initial conditions in the succeeding simulation, as it would be done in an operational forecasting system, for instance. This warmup run could be replaced by extending the final run a few years and discarding those first few years from the results. As explained in the User Guide, the lenght of time to be discarded depends on the “memory” of the water storages inside the model, which is usually in the order of months. A possible way to estimate the necessary time would be to run the model with completely different initial conditions and check when the results converge; from that moment on, the results are reliable.

+
import os
+import numpy as np
+import pandas as pd
+import xarray as xr
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+from datetime import datetime, timedelta
+from lisflood_read_plot import *
+
+os.chdir('../../')
+
+
+
+

1 Settings file#

+

With all this in mind, the most relevant changes on the settings file (settings_warmup.xml) are shown in the following snippet:

+
<lfoptions>
+    
+    # [...]
+    
+    # option to initialize Lisflood
+    <setoption choice="0" name="InitLisflood"/>
+    
+    # report end state maps
+    <setoption choice="1" name="repEndMaps"/>
+    
+    # report map stack of the lower groundwater zone
+    # (this option is not necessary, only for educational purposes)
+    <setoption choice="0" name="repStateMaps"/>
+    <setoption choice="1" name="repLZMaps"/>
+    
+    # [...]
+    
+</lfoptions>
+
+<lfuser>
+    
+    # [...]
+    
+    # time-related variables
+    <textvar name="CalendarDayStart" value="02-01-1979 00:00"/>
+    <textvar name="StepStart" value="02-01-1979 00:00"/>
+    <textvar name="StepEnd" value="01-01-1990 00:00"/>
+    <textvar name="timestepInit" value="02-01-1979 00:00"/>
+    <textvar name="ReportSteps" value="1..9999"/>
+    <textvar name="DtSec" value="86400"/>
+    <textvar name="DtSecChannel" value="14400"/>
+    
+    # paths
+    <textvar name="PathInit" value="$(PathRoot)/initial"/>
+    <textvar name="PathOut" value="$(PathRoot)/out/warmup"/>
+    
+    # files where the end state maps will be saved
+    # (only a few of them are shown for the sake of brevity)
+    <textvar name="ReservoirFillEnd" value="$(PathInit)/rsfil"/>
+    <textvar name="Theta1End" value="$(PathInit)/tha_end"/>
+    <textvar name="Theta2End" value="$(PathInit)/thb_end"/>
+    <textvar name="Theta3End" value="$(PathInit)/thc_end"/>
+    <textvar name="UZEnd" value="$(PathInit)/uz_end"/>
+    <textvar name="LZEnd" value="$(PathInit)/lz_end"/>
+    # [...]
+    
+    # file where the output map stack will be saved
+    <textvar name="LZState" value="$(PathOut)/lz"/>
+    
+    # [...]
+    
+</lfuser>
+
+<lfbinding>
+    
+    [...]
+    
+    # files from where to read the initialized variables
+    <textvar name="LZAvInflowMap" value="$(PathInit)/lzavin"/>
+    <textvar name="AvgDis" value="$(PathInit)/avgdis"/>
+    
+    [...]
+    
+</lfbinding>
+
+
+

In the <lfoptions> element, the initialization model is deactivated, and several options that control the outputs reported by the simulation must be activated. In the succeeding run, we need to use the end state of this warmup run as the initial state; for that, the option repEndMaps is activated, which will create a NetCDF map for each state variable at the last timestep of the simulation. Only for the sake of showing another way of defining the initial conditions, we decided to report the map stack (evolution over time) of the lower groundwater storage; to do so, we can keep the option repStateMaps deactivated, but we must switch on the option repLZMaps.

+

In the <lfuser> element, the first thing to do is to set the start and end of the simulation, and to configure reporting at every timestep in the variable ReportSteps. Then, the name and location of the output maps are defined; these maps represent the model state variables at the last timestep of the simulation, and the stack map of the lower groundwater zone storage. For the sake of simplicity, in the snippet above only a few of them are shown. We chose to save the end maps in the initial subfolder of the project, together with the outputs of the initialization run, whereas the map stack will be saved in the subfolder output/warmup.

+

In the <lfbinding> element, we must define the initialization maps we’ve just created with the initialization run.

+
+
+

2 Run the simulation#

+

To run the simulation, open a terminal, activate the Conda environment where you installed LISFLOOD and execute the lisflood function pointing at the appropriate settings file. For instance:

+
conda activate your_lisflood_environment
+lisflood /home/user/your_path/settings_warmup.xml
+
+
+
+
+

3 Output#

+

The output of the warmup run are a series of NetCDF maps (subfolder initial) representing the state variables at the end of the simulation, and 1 NetCDF map stack (subfolder out/warmup) with the evolution of the lower groundwater zone storage. You must take into account that, depending on the modules activated in your LISFLOOD model, some end maps will be or will not be created.

+
+

3.1 End state maps#

+

The end state maps will be the initial conditions for the succeeding run. In this example, they are the model state variables the 31-12-1989 (remember that this date is 01-01-1990 in LISFLOOD end-of-timestep notation). Let’s visualize some of those maps.

+
# load some end state maps (initial conditions for the run)
+init_cond = {}
+for var in ['tha', 'thb', 'thc', 'uz', 'lz', 'rsfil']:
+    da = xr.open_dataarray(f'initial/{var}_end.nc')
+    da.close()
+    init_cond[var] = da
+
+# plot end conditions
+fig, axes = plt.subplots(ncols=3, nrows=3, figsize=(12, 9.75))
+plot_config = {'soil': {'keys': ['tha', 'thb', 'thc'], 'cmap': 'Blues'},
+               'groudwater': {'keys': ['uz', 'lz'], 'cmap': 'Greens'},
+               'reservoir': {'keys': ['rsfil'], 'cmap': 'Reds'}}
+for row, (group, config) in enumerate(plot_config.items()):
+    for col, key in enumerate(config['keys']):
+        init_cond[key].plot(ax=axes[row, col], cmap=config['cmap'])
+        axes[row, col].axis('off')
+        if col < 2:
+            for col in range(col + 1, 3):
+                axes[row, col].axis('off')
+
+
+

png

+

Figure 1. Maps of the model state variables at the end of the warmup run.

+

The maps above represent:

+
    +
  • The first row is the water content in the three soil layers. From left to right, \(\theta_{1a}\) for superficial soil, \(\theta_{1b}\) for the upper soil, and \(\theta_{1c}\) for the lower soil.

  • +
  • The second row represents groundwater storages: \(UZ\) for the upper groundwater zone, and \(LZ\) for the lower groundwater zone.

  • +
  • The last row represents the relative filling of reservoirs (only one in this catchment).

  • +
+

The water content maps here shown correspond only to the “other” land use fraction, i.e., any but forest, irrigated or sealed. Similar maps were generated for the forest and irrigated fractions, whereas for the sealed fraction none of these maps apply.

+

The reservoir relative filling map has only one cell with a value different from 0, which is the cell representing the reservoir. Let’s find out what’s the initial condition for the relative filling of the reservoir:

+
print('Initial relative filling: {0:.3f}'.format(np.nanmax(np.unique(init_cond['rsfil']))))
+
+
+
Initial relative filling: 0.870
+
+
+
+
+

3.2 Map stack of state variables#

+

We have defined in the settings file that we want to write the map stack of the lower groundwater zone storage. As mentioned earlier, this is not a compulsory step. It was done this way to show another possible way of defining the initial conditions on the main run, and to prove why a warmup period is necessary.

+

This output differs from the end maps, since it has a temporal third dimension. Let’s inspect the resulting NetCDF file.

+
# load map stacks of lower groundwater zone storage
+da = xr.open_dataarray(f'out/warmup/lz.nc')
+da.close()
+
+# plot map of average over time and timeseries of areal average
+plot_map_timeseries(da, cmap='Greens', color='green')
+
+print('Last timestep: {0}'.format(da['time'].isel(time=-1).data))
+
+
+
Last timestep: 1990-01-01T00:00:00.000000000
+
+
+

png

+

Figure 2. Evolution of the lower groundwater storage throughout the warmup run. The map on the left represents the average water storave over time, whereas the lineplot on the right the evolution over time of the average catchment water storage.

+

The lineplot above proves why it is necessary to warm up the model. The default initial condition we used as a starting point for this run (02-01-1979) differs from the end condition (01-01-1990). Even though the differences may seem small in this case, they can make the difference in the succeeding run.

+

The last timestep of this map stack may be used as the initial condition for the suceeding run, instead of the end map in initial/lz.nc, since they are the same. In the following notebook we will cover how to set this last map as the initial conditions.

+
+
+
+ + + + +
+ +
+ +
+
+ + +
+ + +
+
+ + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/book/_build/html/3_run.html b/docs/book/_build/html/3_run.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4545fe6 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/book/_build/html/3_run.html @@ -0,0 +1,801 @@ + + + + + + + + + Main run — A LISFLOOD catchment model - the Nam Ngum River + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+ + + + + + +
+
+ + + + + + + + + + +
+ +
+ +
+ + + + +
+
+ + + + +
+
+ + + + + +
+
+ + + +
+
+
+ + +
+ +
+ +

header

+
+

Main run#

+
+
+
+

Once we have done the initialization run and we have estimated the initial conditions in the warmup run, we are in a position to perform our target simulation. We want to simulate the 30 years period between 01-01-1990 and 31-12-2019 in order to estimate the climatology of the hydrological processes in the Nam Ngum River Basin. Remember that in LISFLOOD time convention this dates corresponds to 02-01-1990 and 01-01-2020, respectively.

+
import numpy as np
+import pandas as pd
+import xarray as xr
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+import os
+from datetime import datetime, timedelta
+from matplotlib.gridspec import GridSpec
+from lisflood_read_plot import *
+
+os.chdir('../../')
+
+
+
+

1 Settings file#

+

We will introduce a few changes in the settings file (settings_run.xml) compared with the file used in the warmup:

+
<lfoptions>
+    
+    [...]
+    
+    # option to compute indicators
+    <setoption choice="1" name="indicator"/>
+    
+    # report timeseries
+    <setoption choice="1" name="repDischargeTs"/>
+    <setoption choice="1" name="repsimulateReservoirs"/>
+    
+    # report maps
+    <setoption choice="1" name="repStateMaps"/>
+    <setoption choice="0" name="repEndMaps"/>
+    <setoption choice="1" name="repDischargeMaps"/>
+    <setoption choice="1" name="repTotalAbs"/>
+    <setoption choice="1" name="repWIndex"/>
+    
+    [...]
+    
+</lfoptions>
+    
+<lfuser>
+    
+    [...]
+    
+    # reporting points
+    <textvar name="Gauges" value="102.32 18.62 102.82 19.30 102.67 18.12"/>
+    
+    # time-related variables
+    <textvar name="CalendarDayStart" value="02/01/1979 00:00"/>
+    <textvar name="StepStart" value="02/01/1990 00:00"/>
+    <textvar name="StepEnd" value="01/01/2000 00:00"/>
+    <textvar name="timestepInit" value="01/01/1990 00:00"/>
+    <textvar name="ReportSteps" value="1..99999"/>
+    
+    # paths
+    <textvar name="PathInit" value="$(PathRoot)/initial"/>
+    <textvar name="PathOut" value="$(PathRoot)/out/run"/>
+    
+    # initial conditions
+    <textvar name="OFDirectInitValue" value="$(PathInit)/ofdir_end.nc"/>
+    <textvar name="OFOtherInitValue" value="$(PathInit)/ofoth_end.nc"/>
+    [...]
+    <textvar name="LZInitValue" value="$(PathRoot)/out/warmup/lz"/>
+    <textvar name="ReservoirInitialFillValue" value="$(PathInit)/rsfil_end.nc"/>
+    
+    [...]
+
+</lfuser>
+
+<lfbinding>
+    
+    [...]
+    
+    # initialization
+    <textvar name="LZAvInflowMap" value="$(PathInit)/lzavin"/>
+    <textvar name="AvgDis" value="$(PathInit)/avgdis"/>
+    
+    [...]
+    
+</lfbinding>
+
+
+

In the <lfoptions> element, timeseries and maps to be reported are activated/deactivated. We chose to report timeseries of discharge (repDischargeTs) and reservoirs (repsimulateReservoirs). Regarding maps, in this case we’re not interested in the end state maps, therefore repEndMaps is deactivated. We’re only interested in the map stacks of state variables, therefore we activated RepStateMaps. However, this variable will not create the discharge and water abstraction map stacks; for that we need to activate the variables repDischargeMaps and RepTotalAbs. Finally, to generate the water exploitation index maps, we need to activate both indicator and repWIndex.

+

In the <lfuser> element, we need to set several features. First, the points in the river network for which timeseries output will be generated; we defined three points using their longitude and latitude separated by spaces (there are other posibilities to set the reporting points). We set the simulation period, i.e., the start and end dates (StepStart and StepEnd), the timestep from which initial conditions may be read (timestepInit) and the timesteps that will be included in the output map stacks (ReportSteps). Later, the paths for the initial conditions and outputs are set. Finaly, the location of the initial condition maps must be specified. Special remark on the lower groundwater zone initial value (LZInitValue), for which we generated a map stack during the warmup run, instead of a end map; that’s the reason why the directory where the map is located is different.

+
+

Note. Pay special attention to the 5 nines in the variable ReportSteps (1..99999), which are necessary since the simulation exceeds the 10,000 timesteps

+
+

In the <lfbinding> element, same as in the warmup run, we must define the two maps that we generated in the initialization run.

+
+
+

2 Run the simulation#

+

This step is similar to the two previous runs, but pointing at the specific settings file (settings_run.xml).

+
conda activate your_lisflood_environment
+lisflood /home/user/your_path/settings_run.xml
+
+
+
+
+

3 Outputs#

+

In this section we will see some of the outputs that the simulation has generated, which include map stacks and timeseries.

+
path_out = 'out/run/'
+settings_file = 'settings_run.xml'
+
+
+
+

3.1 Map stacks#

+
+

3.1.1 Soil layers#

+

First, we will analyse the water stored in the soil layers. We’ll load the data and then we plot it. The maps show the average over time, whereas the lineplot shows a timeseries obtained by computing, for each timestep, the spatial average. In the first case we get an insight into the spatial variability, whereas in the second case we show temporal variability.

+
# load and plot some map stacks
+soil_storages = {}
+for var in ['tha', 'thb', 'thc']:
+    da = xr.open_dataarray(f'{path_out}/{var}.nc')
+    da.close()
+    soil_storages[var] = da
+
+# calculate minimum and maximum values of soil moisture among all the map stacks
+vmin = np.min([da.mean('time').min() for var, da in soil_storages.items()])
+vmax = np.max([da.mean('time').max() for var, da in soil_storages.items()])
+plot_mapstacks(soil_storages, vmin=vmin, vmax=vmax, ylabel='soil moisture')
+
+
+

png

+

Figure 1. Evolution of soil moisture in the three soil layers trhoughout the main run.

+

From the previous plots we can extract the following thoughts:

+
    +
  • The superficial soil (\(tha\)) shows a much higher temporal variability, since this layer is the most affected by precipitation and evapotranspiration.

  • +
  • The upper soil layer (\(thb\)) has a seasonal variation. The “wet” season shows a lag with respect to the “wet” season in the superficial soil.

  • +
  • The lower soil layer (\(thc\)) has also a seasonal variation, but at a much lower scale than the other two soil layers, reason why it’s bearly noticeable in this plot.

  • +
+
+
+

3.1.2 Groundwater zones#

+

Let’s do a similar analysis on the two groundwater zones.

+
# load and plot some map stacks
+gw = {}
+for var in ['uz', 'lz']:
+    da = xr.open_dataarray(f'{path_out}/{var}.nc')
+    da.close()
+    gw[var] = da
+
+# calculate minimum and maximum values among all the map stacks
+vmin = np.min([da.mean('time').min() for var, da in gw.items()])
+vmax = np.max([da.mean('time').max() for var, da in gw.items()])
+plot_mapstacks(gw, vmin=vmin, vmax=vmax, ylabel='water content')
+
+
+

png

+

Figure 2. Evolution of the two groundwater storages trhoughout the main run.

+

From this plot we can infer that, in this case, both zones show seasonality, but the order of magnitude of this seasonal variation differs. Whereas the annual pattern in the upper zone (\(uz\)) is clearly visible in the lineplot, that of the lower zone (\(lz\)) is unnoticeable.

+
+
+

3.1.3 Discharge#

+

In the case of discharge, apart from the average map over time, we will plot the discharge timeseries for the outlet.

+
# read map stack
+dis = xr.open_dataarray(f'{path_out}/dis.nc')
+
+# configure plot
+fig = plt.figure(figsize=(12, 4))
+gs = GridSpec(1, 3, figure=fig)
+
+# map of daily mean
+ax1 = fig.add_subplot(gs[0,0])
+ax1.axis('off')
+dis.mean('time').plot(ax=ax1, cmap='Blues',
+                      cbar_kwargs={"orientation": "horizontal", "shrink": 0.8, "aspect": 40, "pad": 0.1})
+
+# daily timeseries of areal mean
+ax2 = fig.add_subplot(gs[0,1:])
+outlet = dis.mean('time').argmax(['lat', 'lon'])
+dis.isel(outlet).plot(lw=1, ax=ax2)
+# configure timeseries plot
+ax2.set(xlim=(dis.time.data[0], dis.time.data[-1]),
+          ylabel=f'discharge [{dis.units}]');
+
+
+

png

+

Figure 3. Average river discharge and timeseries of river discharge at the catchment outlet.

+

The same discharge timeseries at the catchment outlet can be generated directly from the model simulation. For that, the option repDischargeTs in the settings file must be active, and the variable Gauges must include the coordinates of the outlet.

+
+
+

3.1.4 Reservoir and rice irrigation#

+

In this section we will analyse the map stacks generated by the reservoir and the rice irrigation options. First, we will load the map stacks and later we will plot the data.

+
# load map stacks
+water_use = {}
+for var in ['ResStor', 'ResAbs', 'tAbsPdRc']:
+    da = xr.open_dataarray(f'{path_out}/{var}.nc')
+    da.close()
+    water_use[var] = da
+
+plot_mapstacks(water_use, agg='sum', ylabel='volume', yscale='log')
+
+
+

png

+

Figure 4. Evolution of the reservoir volumen over the main run.

+

The two maps on the top left show, respectively, mean reservoir storage and mean reservoir abstraction. Since there is only one reservoir in the catchment, only one cell has a value larger than zero. We can use this map to find the location of the reservoir and extract from the map stack the timeseries of reservoir storage for that cell (blue line in the lineplot). A similar procedure is carried out for the map stack of reservoir abstraction to produce the green line in the lineplot. Finally, the paddy rice irrigation map (plot on the top right) shows the areas in the catchment where rice is produced and the average amount of water required. The map stack of rice abstraction is used to create a total rice irrigation demand (red line in the lineplot). Pay attention to the scale of the y axis in the lineplot; it is in logarithmic scale in order to show the variability of abstraction and rice irrigation despite their much lower order of magnitude compared with the reservoir storage.

+

As shown in these plots, from the map stacks we can extract time series. As we will see later, activating the option repsimulateReservoir in the settings file generates timeseries (TSS files) of the reservoir simulation. However, in the case of the reservoir storage, the TSS file represents relative filling, instead of stored volume.

+
+
+
+

3.1.5 Water exploitation indexes#

+

Since for this run we activated the options indicator and repWIndex, a series of water index maps were generated:

+
    +
  • WDI: water dependency index

  • +
+
+\[ +WDI = \frac{local Water Demand Not Met By Local Water}{total Water Demand} +\]
+
    +
  • WSI: water security index

  • +
+
+\[ +WSI = \frac{upstream Inflow Actually Used}{upstream Inflow Available} +\]
+
    +
  • WTI: water sustainability index

  • +
+
+\[ +WTI = 1 - \frac{surfaceWaterDeficit}{totalWaterDemand} +\]
+

All these maps have monthly resolution, even though the simulation has daily timesteps.

+
# load and plot some map stacks
+wi = {}
+for var in ['WDI', 'WSI', 'WTI']:
+    da = xr.open_dataarray(f'{path_out}/{var}.nc')
+    da.close()
+    wi[var] = da
+
+# calculate minimum and maximum values among all the map stacks
+vmin = np.min([da.mean('time').min() for var, da in wi.items()])
+vmax = np.max([da.mean('time').max() for var, da in wi.items()])
+plot_mapstacks(wi, vmin=vmin, vmax=vmax, ylabel='water content')
+
+
+

png

+

Figure 5. Water indexes. Maps are averages over the whole period; timeseries are averages over the whole catchment.

+

The maps reproduce the water regions; with the southern region having a slightly higher water demand stress. In the timeseries we observe that from 2005 onwards there are recurrent periods in which some of the local demands are not met by local water (peaks in WDI).

+

Why is WTI constantly zero?

+
+
+

3.2 Timeseries#

+
+

3.2.1 Discharge#

+

As mentioned before, discharge timeseries can be produced directly from the model. The option repDischargeTs in the settings file must be active, and the variable Gauges must define the points of interest (in our case using the coordinates, but there are other ways to define it). We defined three points in which the model will generate timeseries. Let’s check the results:

+
# import timeseries
+disWin = read_tss(f'{path_out}disWin.tss', xml=settings_file)
+
+# plot timeseries
+fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(12, 4))
+ax.plot(disWin, lw=.7, label=disWin.columns)
+
+dis.isel(outlet).plot(linestyle='', marker='o', markersize=1, color='C2', ax=ax, label='3 (netCDF)')
+ax.set(xlim=(disWin.index[0], disWin.index[-1]),
+       ylim=(-200, 6200),
+       ylabel='discharge [m3/s]',
+       title='')
+fig.legend(loc=8, ncol=4, bbox_to_anchor=[0.5, -0.15, .1, .1]);
+
+
+

png

+

Figure 6. Discharge timeseries at the three points of interest.

+

The disWin.tss file includes the discharge timeseries for the three points we defined. Each point is assigned an identifier; in our case, the catchment outlet corresponds to point 3. For the sake of comparison, the plot includes as points the discharge timeseries at the outlet extracted from the discharge map stack (dis.nc) in section Discharge; we check that the values of the TSS file are equal to those of the netCDF.

+
+
+

3.2.2 Reservoirs#

+

As the option repsimulateReservoirs is active in the settings file, the simulation created three TSS files representing the inflow (qresin.tss), outflow (qresout.tss) and relative filling (resfill.tss) of the reservoirs. In our case, since there’s only one reservoir in the catchment, only one timeseries is included in each of these TSS files. Let’s load these timeseries and plot the reservoir simulation.

+
# load reservoir timeseries
+timeseries = {'inflow': 'qresin',
+            'outflow': 'qresout',
+            'filling': 'resfill'}
+res_ts = {}
+for var, file in timeseries.items():
+    ts = read_tss(f'{path_out}/{file}.tss', xml=settings_file, squeeze=True)
+    res_ts[var] = ts
+res_ts = pd.DataFrame.from_dict(res_ts)
+
+# load reservoir relative filling limits
+limits = {'conservative': 'c',
+          'normal': 'n',
+          'flood': 'f'}
+res_lim = {}
+for var, file in limits.items():
+    res_lim[var] = pd.read_csv(f'tables/reservoirs/r{file}lim.txt', delim_whitespace=True, header=None, index_col=0).iloc[0,0]
+
+# plot reservoir simulation
+plot_reservoir(res_ts, clim=res_lim['conservative'], nlim=res_lim['normal'], flim=res_lim['flood'])
+
+
+

png

+

Figure 7. Reservoir inflow, outflow and relative filling.

+

Conclusions from this plot:

+
    +
  • The reservoir storage is kept between the normal and flooding limits throughout most of the simulation period. In 1994, 1995 and 1997 there are three exceptions in which the storage exceeded the flood limit.

  • +
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+ + +
+ + +
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+ + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/book/_build/html/4_following_steps.html b/docs/book/_build/html/4_following_steps.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4847c63 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/book/_build/html/4_following_steps.html @@ -0,0 +1,610 @@ + + + + + + + + + Following steps — A LISFLOOD catchment model - the Nam Ngum River + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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+ + + +
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+ +
+

Following steps

+ +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+ +

header

+
+

Following steps#

+
+
+
+

So far we have developed a LISFLOOD model than runs and it is correctly initialized. However, we are using default model parameters, so there’s no confidence at all in the accuracy of the model. Before you can extract any conclusions from your model results, the model needs to be calibrated. As a result of the calibration, the model parameters are tuned so that the outputs reproduce observed data as good as possible. Calibration is usually performed on the river discharge timeseries at one or more gauging stations, but there are plenty of other calibration procedures.

+

To perform a calibration, LISFLOOD proposes a calibration tool based on DEAP (Distributed Evolutionary Algorithms in Python) (Fortin et al., 2012).The calibration procedure exceeds the scope of this tutorial, so we will not get into it. Please, feel free to use any other calibration procedure and optimization algorithm.

+
+

1 Settings#

+

The repository includes three settings files (one for each of the runs) in which we have changed the calibration parameters according to the results of the calibration of the model (lfuser element in the settings file). Apart from the calibration parameters, we have changed the output directories, so the results don’t overwrite those of the previous runs. The results will be saved in subdirectories called calibrated; for instance, the initial conditions will be saved in the folder initial/calibrated instead of the folder initial.

+

The snippet below shows a part of the file settins_calibrated_run.xml that defines the paths to the initial conditions and where results will be saved, and the definition of the calibration parameters.

+
<lfuser>
+    
+    [...]
+    
+    <!--
+    **************************************************************
+    FILE PATHS
+    **************************************************************
+    -->
+    <textvar name="PathOut" value="$(PathRoot)/out/run/calibrated"/>
+    <textvar name="PathInit" value="$(PathRoot)/initial/calibrated"/>
+            
+    <!--
+    **************************************************************
+    CALIBRATION PARAMETERS
+    **************************************************************
+    -->
+    <textvar name="UpperZoneTimeConstant" value="7.47476"/>
+    <textvar name="LowerZoneTimeConstant" value="153.604"/>
+    <textvar name="GwPercValue" value="1.643"/>
+    <textvar name="GwLoss" value="0.501192"/>
+    <textvar name="LZThreshold" value="16.1032"/>
+    <textvar name="b_Xinanjiang" value="0.215152"/>
+    <textvar name="PowerPrefFlow" value="2.51033"/>
+    <textvar name="CalChanMan" value="1.8149"/>
+    <textvar name="CalChanMan2" value="5"/>
+    <textvar name="SnowMeltCoef" value="2.55434"/>
+    <textvar name="LakeMultiplier" value="0.875565"/>
+    <textvar name="adjust_Normal_Flood" value="0.49691"/>
+    <textvar name="ReservoirRnormqMult" value="1.30807"/>
+    <textvar name="AvWaterRateThreshold" value="5.0"/>
+    <textvar name="QSplitMult" value="1.99051"/>
+    <textvar name="ChanBottomWMult" value="1.0"/>
+    <textvar name="ChanDepthTMult" value="1.0"/>
+    <textvar name="ChanSMult" value="1.0"/>
+        
+    [...]
+    
+</lfuser>
+
+
+
import numpy as np
+import pandas as pd
+import xarray as xr
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+from lisflood_read_plot import *
+
+path_model = '../../model/'
+path_out = f'{path_model}out/run/'
+
+
+
+
+

2 Initialization#

+

As explained in Chapter 2 - Initialization, this run is meant to create two outmaps that define the average river discharge (avgdis.nc) and the average inflow into the lower groundwater zone (lzavin.nc). Let’s see how these initialization maps change once we apply the calibration parameters.

+
fig, ax = plt.subplots(ncols=2, nrows=2, figsize=(10, 9))
+
+for r, (var, cmap) in enumerate(zip(['lzavin', 'avgdis'], ['Blues', 'Greens'])):
+    non_calib = xr.open_dataarray(f'{path_model}/initial/{var}.nc')
+    non_calib.close()
+    calib = xr.open_dataarray(f'{path_model}/initial/calibrated/{var}.nc')
+    calib.close()
+    
+    vmin = min(non_calib.min(), calib.min())
+    vmax = max(non_calib.max(), calib.max())
+    
+    for c, da in enumerate([non_calib, calib]):
+        da.plot(ax=ax[r, c], cmap=cmap, vmin=vmin, vmax=vmax)
+        ax[r, c].axis('off')
+        
+fig.text(.275, .9, 'Uncalibrated', fontsize=12, horizontalalignment='center')
+fig.text(.7, .9, 'Calibrated', fontsize=12, horizontalalignment='center');
+
+
+

png

+

Figure 1. Output maps from the initialization run: average inflow into the lower groundwater zone (LZAvin) and average river discharge (avgdis). The left column corresponds to the initialization with default parameters, and the right column to the initialization with calibrated parameters.

+

In our study case, the change in the lzavin is notorious.

+
+
+

3 Warmup#

+

As explained in Chapter 3 - Warmup, this objective of this run is to find the initial conditions at the begining of the target run. The usual output of these simulation is a set of maps (NetCDF) with the model state variables at the end of the simulation. For educational purposes, we chose to write, not only the end state maps, but also the map stack of one of the state variables: the lower groundwater zone.

+

Let’s see how some of the outputs of this run has changed with the calibrated parameters and the new initialization maps.

+
+

3.1 End maps#

+

The following figure compares the end state maps of the warmup run with default parameters (uncalibrated) and the run with calibrated parameters (calibrated). Only five state variables are shown, the three soil layers (blue) and the two groundwater zones (green).

+
# load some end state maps (initial conditions for the run)
+init_cond = {'uncalibrated': {}, 'calibrated': {}}
+vmin, vmax = np.nan, np.nan
+for var in ['tha', 'thb', 'thc', 'uz', 'lz']:
+    da = xr.open_dataarray(f'{path_model}initial/{var}_end.nc')
+    da.close()
+    init_cond['uncalibrated'][var] = da
+    da = xr.open_dataarray(f'{path_model}initial/calibrated/{var}_end.nc')
+    da.close()
+    init_cond['calibrated'][var] = da
+
+# plot end state maps
+fig, ax = plt.subplots(ncols=3, nrows=4, figsize=(12, 14))
+plot_config = {'soil': {'vars': ['tha', 'thb', 'thc'], 'cmap': 'Blues'},
+               'groudwater': {'vars': ['uz', 'lz'], 'cmap': 'Greens'}}
+for g, (group, config) in enumerate(plot_config.items()):
+    for col, var in enumerate(config['vars']):
+        # calculate minimum and maximum values for the colorbar
+        vmin = min([init_cond[sim][var].min() for sim in ['uncalibrated', 'calibrated']])
+        vmax = max([init_cond[sim][var].max() for sim in ['uncalibrated', 'calibrated']])
+        for s, sim in enumerate(['uncalibrated', 'calibrated']):
+            # plot the map
+            row = g * 2 + s
+            init_cond[sim][var].plot(ax=ax[row, col], cmap=config['cmap'], vmin=vmin, vmax=vmax)
+            ax[row, col].axis('off')
+            if col < 2:
+                for c in range(col + 1, 3):
+                    ax[row, c].axis('off')
+            # add title to each row
+            if col == 0:
+                fig.text(.08, .8 - .2 * row, sim, fontsize=13, rotation=90, verticalalignment='center');
+
+
+

png

+

Figure 2. Initial conditions in the soil (blue) and groundwater (green) layers. In each of the groups of variables, the top row corresponds to the initial conditions with default parameters, and the bottom row to the initial conditions with calibrated parameters.

+

In our study case, the initial conditions of the soil layers have not changed significantly, but those of the groundwater zone are clearly different.

+
+
+

3.2 Lower groundwater zone#

+

In the previous figure we saw that the state of the lower groundwater zone is very different with the new calibrated warmup run. Since we have created the map stack for this variable, we can dig deeper in the differences between this warmup run with calibrated parameters and the the previous warmup run with default parameters.

+

The following figure shows the timeseries of the average lower groundwater storage (catchment mean) in both warmup runs.

+
# load map stack for the uncalibrated warmup
+lz = xr.open_dataarray(f'{path_model}out/warmup/lz.nc')
+lz.close()
+
+# load map stack for the calibrated warmup
+lz_cal = xr.open_dataarray(f'{path_model}out/warmup/calibrated/lz.nc')
+lz_cal.close()
+
+# plot comparison
+fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(12, 4))
+lz.mean(['lat', 'lon']).plot(ax=ax, lw=.7, label='uncalibrated')
+lz_cal.mean(['lat', 'lon']).plot(ax=ax, lw=.7, label='calibrated')
+ax.set(xlim=('1979-01-01', '1990-01-01'),
+       xlabel=None,
+       ylim=(0, 200),
+       ylabel='lower groundwater [mm]',
+       title='')
+fig.legend(loc=8, ncol=4, bbox_to_anchor=[0.45, -0.07, .1, .1]);
+
+
+

png

+

Figure 3. Evolution of the amount of water stored in the lower groundwater zone during the warmup run.

+
+
+
+

4 Run#

+

The previous figures were meant only to explain why the initialization and warmup simulations need to be rerun with the new calibrated parameters. If we didn’t, neither the initialization maps nor the initial conditions would correspond to the behaviour of the calibrated model, which would cause a strange model output at the beginning of the target run.

+

Now we are in a position to run our target simulation with a correct initialization and a calibrated model. The following figure compares the discharge simulated at the catchment outlet by both the uncalibrated and the calibrated models.

+
# settings files for the main run with default or calibrated parameters
+settings = f'{path_model}settings_run.xml'
+settings_cal = f'{path_model}settings_calibrated_run.xml'
+
+# import non-calibrated discharge timeseries
+dis = read_tss(f'{path_out}disWin.tss', xml=settings)
+
+# import calibrated discharge timeseries
+dis_cal = read_tss(f'{path_out}/calibrated/disWin.tss', xml=settings_cal)
+
+# plot timeseries
+fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(12, 4))
+ax.plot(dis.iloc[:,-1], lw=.7, label='uncalibrated')
+ax.plot(dis_cal.iloc[:,-1], lw=.7, label='calibrated')
+ax.set(xlim=('2010-01-01', '2015-01-01'),
+       ylim=(-200, 4200),
+       ylabel='discharge [m3/s]',
+       title='')
+fig.legend(loc=8, ncol=4, bbox_to_anchor=[0.45, -0.05, .1, .1]);
+
+
+

png

+

Figure 4. River discharge at the catchment outlet with default (blue) or calibrated (orange) parameters.

+

As we see, the results differ when we run the calibrated model. These differences may seem small in our case study, but it is extremely important to calibrate the model before extracting any conclusions from the model results.

+
+
+ + + + +
+ +
+ +
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-0,0 +1,305 @@ +![header](images/header.png) + +# Input and general settings + +
+
+
+ +The objective of this this use case is to present new users the steps necessary to develop a LISFLOOD catchment model. We will guide you through the input data, the most important parts of the settings file, the diverse runs you will need to initialize the model, and the outputs of every run. + +We will suppose that there is a project in which we are asked to run a 30-year long simulation of the Nam Ngum river (Laos) to assess the water resources in the catchment. + + +```python +import numpy as np +import pandas as pd +import xarray as xr +import matplotlib.pyplot as plt +import os +from datetime import datetime, timedelta +from lisflood_read_plot import * + +os.chdir('../../') +``` + +## 1 Study area + +The Nam Ngum River is a tributary of the Mekong River that flows into it a few kilometers downstream of Laos' capital city, Vientiane. The catchment has an area of approximately 16,000 km2, of which 8,400 km2 are regulated by the Nam Ngum Reservoir. The mean annual rainfall in the catchment is 1200 mm and a mean annual temperature around 12 ºC. + +According to the [GloFAS](https://www.globalfloods.eu/) (Global Flood Awareness System) dataset, the are two gauges within the Nam Ngum River catchment. In this exercise, we will use the gauge downstream to cut the static maps and the meteorological forcing that LISFLOOD needs as input data. However, we are not interested specifically in these two gaugins stations; instead, we will define three reporting points, one corresponding to the downstream gauge and two points we will choose in the tributaries of the Nam Ngum River. + +![Run explanation](images/introduction_map.png) + +***Figure 1**. The Nam Ngum river (Laos) is a tributary of the Mekong river.* + +## 2 Input data + +The input data required by the LISFLOOD model can be divided in three groups: static maps, tables and meteorological forcings. + +### 2.1 Maps + +They are included in the folder _maps_, classified according to topics (_channels_, _general_, _lakes_...). This organization is voluntary, you can find your own way to organize the maps, as long as you reference them correctly in the settings file. + +The specific maps for this case study were created by cutting the global maps to the catchment defined by our oulet gauging stations. The `cutmaps` tool from the [LISFLOOD utilities repository](https://github.com/ec-jrc/lisflood-utilities) allows you to perform this task. + +LISFLOOD requires a set of maps that define catchment properties such as topography, soil properties, land use, etc. LISFLOOD users are encouraged to produce their own maps following the protocol explained [here](https://ec-jrc.github.io/lisflood-code/4_Static-Maps-introduction/). European maps at 1 arcminute resolution and global maps at 3 arcminute resolution will be publicly available in 2023. + +#### 2.1.1 Static maps + +The vast majority of these maps are static, i.e., they do not change over time. These maps include the channel properties, land cover related maps, soil hydraulics, etc. Let's see how some of the soil hydraulis properties look like: + + +```python +# load maps +variables = ['ksat1_f', 'ksat2_f', 'thetas1_f', 'thetas2_f', 'thetas3'] +soils = {} +for var in variables: + ds = xr.open_dataset(f'maps/soil_hydraulics/{var}.nc') + ds.close() + soils[var] = ds['Band1'] + +# plot maps +ncols = len(variables) +fig, ax = plt.subplots(ncols=ncols, figsize=(5 * ncols, 5)) +for i, (var, da) in enumerate(soils.items()): + da.plot(ax=ax[i], cmap='Blues', cbar_kwargs={'label': var, "orientation": "horizontal", "shrink": 0.8, "aspect": 40, "pad": 0.1}) + ax[i].axis('off'); +``` + +![png](images/0_3.png) + +***Figure 3**. Static maps of some of the soil hydraulic properties.* + +#### 2.1.2 Dynamic maps + +Some of the maps, instead, are dynamic, i.e., they change over time. In our case, since we have decided to simulate land use change and water use change, there are three sets of maps with temporal evolution. + +**Leaf area index (LAI)** + +Leaf area index has an annual cycle, therefore, representative maps for the evolution of LAI over a year must be provided. LAI maps are the only compulsory dynamic maps. In this example, we provide 10-day average LAI maps (36 maps per year) for forest (_laif.nc_), irrigated (_laii.nc_) and other (_laio.nc_) land uses; you can find them in folder _maps/vegetation/_. + + +```python +# load and plot some map stacks +variables = {'laif': 'LAI forest', 'laii': 'LAI irrigated', 'laio': 'LAI other'} +lai = {} +for var, name in variables.items(): + ds = xr.open_dataset(f'maps/vegetation/{var}.nc') + ds.close() + # extract the LAI variable + da = ds['Band1'] + # set representative timesteps + da['time'] = pd.date_range(datetime(2000, 1, 1), periods=ds.dims['time'], freq='10d') + # set attributes + da.name = name + da.attrs['long_name'] = name + da.attrs['units'] = '-' + lai[var] = da + +# plot maps and timeseries of LAI +plot_mapstacks(lai, vmin=0, vmax=6.8, ylabel='Leaf area index') +``` + + + +![png](images/0_4.png) + + + +***Figure 4**. Leaf Area Index maps for different land covers. The maps on top show the mean annual LAI, whereas the lineplot at the bottom the evolution over time of the mean catchment LAI.* + +> Check this [link](https://ec-jrc.github.io/lisflood-code/4_Static-Maps_leaf-area-index/) for more info about the use of LAI maps in LISFLOOD. + +**Transient water use** + +In this use case, we have decided to model the change in water use along the study period. The following plot shows how the water use is distributed spatially across the catchment and its evolution over time. + + +```python +# load and plot some map stacks +water_use = {} +for var in ['dom', 'ene', 'ind', 'liv']: + da = xr.open_dataarray(f'maps/water_use/{var}.nc') + da.close() + water_use[var] = da + +# calculate minimum and maximum values of soil moisture among all the map stacks +vmin = np.min([da.mean('time').min() for var, da in water_use.items()]) +vmax = np.max([da.mean('time').max() for var, da in water_use.items()]) + +plot_mapstacks(water_use, figsize=(15, 6), vmin=vmin, vmax=vmax, ylabel='water use') +``` + + + +![png](images/0_5.png) + + + +***Figure 5**. Transient water use for 4 types of consumption (_dom_: domestic, _ene_: energy, _ind_: industry, _liv_: livestock). The maps on top show mean consumption over the study period, whereas the lineplot at the bottom shows the evolution over time of the mean catchment water use.* + +The maps above show that water use is concentrated in a few cells over the catchment. The lineplot shows that, in our case, water use has increased in the last few decades, and that the domestic consumption has a seasonal cycle. + +**Land use change** + +To reproduce land use change, we provide LISFLOOD with monthly maps of the fraction of each cell devoted to each land use. The files are located in the folder _maps/land_use/dynamic_. For instance, let's see the evolution of the six land covers (forest, irrigated, other, water bodies, urban and rice) over the 41 year period: + + +```python +land_use = {} +for var in ['forest', 'irrigated', 'other', 'rice', 'sealed', 'water']: + da = xr.open_dataarray(f'maps/land_use/dynamic/frac{var}.nc') + da.close() + land_use[var] = da + +plot_mapstacks(land_use, vmin=0, vmax=1, figsize=(15, 11), nrows=2, ylim=(0, 1)) +``` + + + +![png](images/0_6.png) + + + +***Figure 6**. Land use change. Maps represent average over time, whereas the timeseries represents average over the entire catchment.* + +In our study area, the majority of the catchment belongs to either forest or the "other" fraction, with a diverging trend between the two of them; forest cover has slightly increased, whereas the "other" fraction has decreased. The irrigated and rice cultivation areas are mostly in the lower part of the catchment, whereas the water bodies mainly refer to the reservoir. It is important to notice that the sum of all fractions must be 1. + +The data provided with the use case also includes in folder _maps/land_use/static/_ the same land use fraction maps for a simulation without land use change. In that case, each file contains a unique map that applies to the whole simulation period. + +> Check this [link](https://ec-jrc.github.io/lisflood-model/3_13_optLISFLOOD_TransientLandUseChange/) for more information about the simulation of land use change in LISFLOOD. + +### 2.2 Meteorological forcings + +They are provided in the folder _meteo_. Five map stacks are required: air temperature 2 m above ground (_2t_), potential evaporation (_e0_), potential evaporation from bare soil (_eS0_), potential evapotranspiration (_eT0_) and precipitation (_tp_). A netCDF file is supplied for each meteorological variable; each file contains the daily maps for the 41 years of data available. + +Similarly to the [maps](#2.1-Maps), the meteorological forcings were created applying the `cutmaps` tool to the global dataset developed by the GloFAS team. The use of the GloFAS meteorological dataset is not mandatory; on the contrary, we encourage users to use their preferred meteorological datasets. The only requirement is that the meteorological forcings must match the spatial definition (coordinate reference system, resolution and grid) of the static maps. + +Let's inspect one of these files, e.g., the air temperature. + + +```python +# load the temperature stack map +T = xr.open_dataset(f'meteo/2t.nc') + +# check the dimensions of the data +print('Data dimensions: {0}'.format(T.dims)) + +# extract the temperature variable +t = T['2t'] +t.data[t.data == 0] = np.nan + +# create a simple plot of the data +plot_map_timeseries(t, lw=.5, label='temperature [°C]', cmap='Blues') + +T.close() +``` + + Data dimensions: Frozen({'lon': 29, 'lat': 36, 'time': 14975}) + + + + +![png](images/0_7.png) + + + +***Figure 7**. Air temperature. On the left, a map of the mean temperature; on the right, a time series of mean areal temperature.* + +> Try to inspect the other meteorological datasets. + +### 2.3 Tables + +LISFLOOD uses tables (TXT files) to provide specific parameters for the lake and reservoir simulation. In this use case, since there are no lakes in the catchment, we only require these text files for the reservoir simulation (see folder _tables/reservoirs_). Each of the TXT files is a two-entry table; the first column represents the reservoir ID and the second column the value of the corresponding variable. + +As an example, the following code snippet corresponds to the file _rnormq.txt_, which defines the normal reservoir outflow (159.1 m3/s) for the Nam Ngum Reservoir (which in the GloFAS dataset has ID 530). + +```text +530 159.1 +``` + +## 3 General setup + +### 3.1 Runs + +As mentioned above, the objective of this use case is to have a climatology of river discharge in three points of the Nam Ngum River, for which a simulation of 30 years needs to be done. Before we proceed with the run, we must both initialize the LISFLOOD model of the catchment and warmup the state variables. In total, we will simulate three runs: + +* An **initialization run** to estimate the average discharge in the river network (required by the kinematic wave split routing) and the average inflow in the lower groundwater zone (required to estimate the initial conditions of the lower groundwater zone). Please, read this [link](https://ec-jrc.github.io/lisflood-code/3_step5_model-initialisation/) for further information on LISFLOOD initialization. +* A **warm-up run** to estimate the state variables at the beginning of the period of interest. This run is not mandatory for a simulation like ours. It is done here only to show how the end states of a simulation can be applied as the initial conditions of a succeeding simulation. A simpler and more common approach is to simulate the main run with default initial conditions and to discard the first few years of the results, assuming that the results at the beginning of the simulation are not reliable due to unrealistic initial conditions. +* The actual **30-year run**. + +The following figure shows the extent of these three simulations in our case study. The meteorological data spans from 01-01-1979 to 31-12-2019, so 41 years of data are available. It is recommended that the initialization run be as long as possible; therefore, the 41 years of data are used for this run. To warm up the model we use the first 11 years of data (1979-1990) and the remaining 30 years are used for the actual run. + +![Run explanation](images/3_run_explanation.png) + +***Figure 8**. Time periods of the three runs. The initialization run expands the complete 41 years of meteorological data. This period is divided in a warmup run (11 first years) and the actual run (30 years).* + +### 3.2 General settings + +The Nam Ngum river catchment has a set of particularities for which it was chosen as a use case. + +* There is a reservoir that regulates approximately half of the catchment. +* There is an extensive area of the catchment dedicated to rice production. +* We want to include in the simulation the change over time of both water demand and land use. +* We want to apply split kinematic wave routing. +* The maps are in a geographic coordinate system (latitude and longitude), so we must input maps for pixel length and area (activation via option `gridSizeUserDefined`) + +With all these requirements, we can start working from the [default settings file](https://github.com/ec-jrc/lisflood-code/blob/master/src/lisfloodSettings_reference.xml) and define our specific settings. + +#### 3.2.1 Model options + +These are the LISFLOOD modules activated in the `` element of the settings file: + +```xml + + + # [...] + + + + # option to read/write NetCDF + + + + + # options to turn hydrological modules on/off + + + + + + + + + + + # [...] + + +``` + +These options apply to the three runs (*settings_initialization.xml*, *settings_warmup.xml* and *settings_run.xml*). As we will see in the following notebooks, other options will change depending on the run. + +#### 3.2.2 Calibration parameters + +Amont the multiple model parameters in LISFLOOD, the recommended calibration procedure focuses on tuning a smaller set of parameters. These calibration paramenters can be found in the settings file within the element ``; the comments on each of these paremeters show their default value. We will start running our catchment model with these default values. + +```xml + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +``` + +> **Note**. Bear in mind that the default parameter values are simply a way to start the model, but they should be calibrated against observations in your specific catchment. The [LISFLOOD-calibration repository](https://github.com/ec-jrc/lisflood-calibration) is a possible way of calibrating your model, but you can use any other procedure. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/book/_build/html/_sources/1_initialization.md b/docs/book/_build/html/_sources/1_initialization.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..62c6405 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/book/_build/html/_sources/1_initialization.md @@ -0,0 +1,143 @@ +![header](images/header.png) + +# Initialization run + +
+
+
+ +A thorough explanation on the importance of the model initialization can be found in this section of the [User Guide](https://ec-jrc.github.io/lisflood-code/3_step5_model-initialisation/). To summarize, the purpose of this run is to estimate two rate variables required for the model initialization: + +* _avgdis.nc_: a map of the average discharge in the river network. +* _lzavin.nc_: a map of the average inflow into the lower groundwater zone. + +We will save these outputs in a specific subfolder (_initial_) within the project folder. + + +```python +import os +import numpy as np +import pandas as pd +import xarray as xr +import matplotlib.pyplot as plt +from datetime import datetime, timedelta +from matplotlib.gridspec import GridSpec +from lisflood_read_plot import * + +os.chdir('../../') +``` + +## 1 Settings file + +In the following lines, a snippet of the settings file (_settings_initialization.xml_) shows the most relevant lines in this file for the initializatin run. + +```xml + + + # [...] + + + + + # [...] + + + + + + # GENERAL SETUP + + # [...] + + # time-related variables + + + + + + + + # PATHS WHERE THE RESULTS WILL BE SAVED + + + + + # [...] + + # INITIAL CONDITIONS + + # water balance + + + [...] + + # channels + + + + + + # reservoirs + + + # lakes (if simulateLakes = 1) + + + + + # soils + + + + + [...] + + +``` + +* In the element ``, the option `InitLisflood` tells LISFLOOD that this run is an initialization. Since we are using as a routing module the split kinematic wave, we must deactivate the option `InitLisfloodwithoutsplit`; otherwise, the initialization run will not produce the file _avgdis.nc_ and we will not be able to initialize the routing module in suceeding runs. +* In the element ``, we must define the simulation period, the location of the output files, and the initial conditions. + * The initialization run spans from 01-01-1979 to 31-12-2019. Following the [end of timestep naming convention](https://ec-jrc.github.io/lisflood-code/2_ESSENTIAL_time-management/) in LISFLOOD, the previous dates will be shifted forward by 1 day; that's why in the settings file the `StepStart` and `StepEnd` are 02-01-1979 and 01-01-2020, respectively. + * We will save the two ouput files (_lzavin.nc_ and _avgdis.nc_) in a folder named _initial_. It is not necessary to specify the extension of the NetCDF files. + * Regarding the initial conditions, those in the section water balance must be initialized with a value or a map (we define default values of 0 or 1), whereas the rest of the variables can be internally initialized by setting the value -9999. + + +## 2 Run the simulation + +To run the simulation, open a terminal, activate the Conda environment where you installed LISFLOOD and execute the `lisflood` function pointing at the appropriate settings file. For instance: + +```shell +conda activate your_lisflood_environment +lisflood /home/user/your_path/settings_initialization.xml +``` + +## 3 Outputs + +The outputs are the two maps (NetCDF format) mentioned at the top of this notebook. In the settings file, we set that these files must be saved in the _initial_ subfolder. Let's load them and inspect them: + + +```python +# load average inflow into the lower groundware zone +lzavin = xr.open_dataarray('initial/lzavin.nc') +lzavin.close() + +# load average discharge +avgdis = xr.open_dataarray('initial/avgdis.nc') +avgdis.close() + +# plot the maps +fig, axes = plt.subplots(ncols=2, figsize=(12, 4.5)) +for ax, da in zip(axes, [lzavin, avgdis]): + da.plot(ax=ax, cmap='Blues') + ax.axis('off') +``` + + + +![png](images/1_1.png) + + + +***Figure 1**. Output maps of the initialization run.* + +Both outputs represent an average flow rate, therefore, they have are a single map with no temporal dimension. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/book/_build/html/_sources/2_warmup.md b/docs/book/_build/html/_sources/2_warmup.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..52ce205 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/book/_build/html/_sources/2_warmup.md @@ -0,0 +1,200 @@ +![header](images/header.png) + +# Warmup run + +
+
+
+ +The purpose of this run is to obtain the model state variables at the beginning of the period of interest. Hence, the model is run from the beginning of the meteorological data (01-01-1979) to the timestep prior to the beginning of the period of interest (31-12-1989). The initial conditions are set as default values, but we use the two outputs of the initialization run to set the average discharge (`avgdis`) and the average inflow into the lower groundwater zone (`lzavin`). From this run we want as a result only the map of the state variables at the end of the simulation. + +This run is not necessary in many studies. We have created this run only to show how the end maps of one simulation can be used as the initial conditions in the succeeding simulation, as it would be done in an operational forecasting system, for instance. This warmup run could be replaced by extending the final run a few years and discarding those first few years from the results. As explained in the [User Guide](https://ec-jrc.github.io/lisflood-code/3_step5_model-initialisation/), the lenght of time to be discarded depends on the "memory" of the water storages inside the model, which is usually in the order of months. A possible way to estimate the necessary time would be to run the model with completely different initial conditions and check when the results converge; from that moment on, the results are reliable. + + +```python +import os +import numpy as np +import pandas as pd +import xarray as xr +import matplotlib.pyplot as plt +from datetime import datetime, timedelta +from lisflood_read_plot import * + +os.chdir('../../') +``` + +## 1 Settings file + +With all this in mind, the most relevant changes on the settings file (_settings_warmup.xml_) are shown in the following snippet: + +```xml + + + # [...] + + # option to initialize Lisflood + + + # report end state maps + + + # report map stack of the lower groundwater zone + # (this option is not necessary, only for educational purposes) + + + + # [...] + + + + + + # [...] + + # time-related variables + + + + + + + + + # paths + + + + # files where the end state maps will be saved + # (only a few of them are shown for the sake of brevity) + + + + + + + # [...] + + # file where the output map stack will be saved + + + # [...] + + + + + + [...] + + # files from where to read the initialized variables + + + + [...] + + +``` + +In the `` element, the initialization model is deactivated, and several options that control the outputs reported by the simulation must be activated. In the succeeding run, we need to use the end state of this warmup run as the initial state; for that, the option `repEndMaps` is activated, which will create a NetCDF map for each state variable at the last timestep of the simulation. Only for the sake of showing another way of defining the initial conditions, we decided to report the map stack (evolution over time) of the lower groundwater storage; to do so, we can keep the option `repStateMaps` deactivated, but we must switch on the option `repLZMaps`. + +In the `` element, the first thing to do is to set the start and end of the simulation, and to configure reporting at every timestep in the variable `ReportSteps`. Then, the name and location of the output maps are defined; these maps represent the model state variables at the last timestep of the simulation, and the stack map of the lower groundwater zone storage. For the sake of simplicity, in the snippet above only a few of them are shown. We chose to save the end maps in the _initial_ subfolder of the project, together with the outputs of the initialization run, whereas the map stack will be saved in the subfolder _output/warmup_. + +In the `` element, we must define the initialization maps we've just created with the [initialization run](1_initialization.ipynb). + +## 2 Run the simulation + +To run the simulation, open a terminal, activate the Conda environment where you installed LISFLOOD and execute the `lisflood` function pointing at the appropriate settings file. For instance: + +```shell +conda activate your_lisflood_environment +lisflood /home/user/your_path/settings_warmup.xml +``` + +## 3 Output + +The output of the warmup run are a series of NetCDF maps (subfolder _initial_) representing the state variables at the end of the simulation, and 1 NetCDF map stack (subfolder _out/warmup_) with the evolution of the lower groundwater zone storage. You must take into account that, depending on the modules activated in your LISFLOOD model, some end maps will be or will not be created. + +### 3.1 End state maps + +The end state maps will be the initial conditions for the succeeding run. In this example, they are the model state variables the 31-12-1989 (remember that this date is 01-01-1990 in LISFLOOD end-of-timestep notation). Let's visualize some of those maps. + + +```python +# load some end state maps (initial conditions for the run) +init_cond = {} +for var in ['tha', 'thb', 'thc', 'uz', 'lz', 'rsfil']: + da = xr.open_dataarray(f'initial/{var}_end.nc') + da.close() + init_cond[var] = da + +# plot end conditions +fig, axes = plt.subplots(ncols=3, nrows=3, figsize=(12, 9.75)) +plot_config = {'soil': {'keys': ['tha', 'thb', 'thc'], 'cmap': 'Blues'}, + 'groudwater': {'keys': ['uz', 'lz'], 'cmap': 'Greens'}, + 'reservoir': {'keys': ['rsfil'], 'cmap': 'Reds'}} +for row, (group, config) in enumerate(plot_config.items()): + for col, key in enumerate(config['keys']): + init_cond[key].plot(ax=axes[row, col], cmap=config['cmap']) + axes[row, col].axis('off') + if col < 2: + for col in range(col + 1, 3): + axes[row, col].axis('off') +``` + + + +![png](images/2_1.png) + + + +***Figure 1**. Maps of the model state variables at the end of the warmup run.* + +The maps above represent: + +* The first row is the water content in the three soil layers. From left to right, $\theta_{1a}$ for superficial soil, $\theta_{1b}$ for the upper soil, and $\theta_{1c}$ for the lower soil. +* The second row represents groundwater storages: $UZ$ for the upper groundwater zone, and $LZ$ for the lower groundwater zone. +* The last row represents the relative filling of reservoirs (only one in this catchment). + +The water content maps here shown correspond only to the "other" land use fraction, i.e., any but forest, irrigated or sealed. Similar maps were generated for the forest and irrigated fractions, whereas for the sealed fraction none of these maps apply. + +The reservoir relative filling map has only one cell with a value different from 0, which is the cell representing the reservoir. Let's find out what's the initial condition for the relative filling of the reservoir: + + +```python +print('Initial relative filling: {0:.3f}'.format(np.nanmax(np.unique(init_cond['rsfil'])))) +``` + + Initial relative filling: 0.870 + + +### 3.2 Map stack of state variables + +We have defined in the settings file that we want to write the map stack of the lower groundwater zone storage. As mentioned earlier, this is not a compulsory step. It was done this way to show another possible way of defining the initial conditions on the main run, and to prove why a warmup period is necessary. + +This output differs from the end maps, since it has a temporal third dimension. Let's inspect the resulting NetCDF file. + + +```python +# load map stacks of lower groundwater zone storage +da = xr.open_dataarray(f'out/warmup/lz.nc') +da.close() + +# plot map of average over time and timeseries of areal average +plot_map_timeseries(da, cmap='Greens', color='green') + +print('Last timestep: {0}'.format(da['time'].isel(time=-1).data)) +``` + + Last timestep: 1990-01-01T00:00:00.000000000 + + + + +![png](images/2_2.png) + + + +***Figure 2**. Evolution of the lower groundwater storage throughout the warmup run. The map on the left represents the average water storave over time, whereas the lineplot on the right the evolution over time of the average catchment water storage.* + +The lineplot above proves why it is necessary to warm up the model. The default initial condition we used as a starting point for this run (02-01-1979) differs from the end condition (01-01-1990). Even though the differences may seem small in this case, they can make the difference in the succeeding run. + +The last timestep of this map stack may be used as the initial condition for the suceeding run, instead of the end map in _initial/lz.nc_, since they are the same. In the following notebook we will cover how to set this last map as the initial conditions. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/book/_build/html/_sources/3_run.md b/docs/book/_build/html/_sources/3_run.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e37816b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/book/_build/html/_sources/3_run.md @@ -0,0 +1,373 @@ +![header](images/header.png) + +# Main run + +
+
+
+ +Once we have done the initialization run and we have estimated the initial conditions in the warmup run, we are in a position to perform our target simulation. We want to simulate the 30 years period between 01-01-1990 and 31-12-2019 in order to estimate the climatology of the hydrological processes in the Nam Ngum River Basin. Remember that in [LISFLOOD time convention](https://ec-jrc.github.io/lisflood-code/2_ESSENTIAL_time-management/) this dates corresponds to 02-01-1990 and 01-01-2020, respectively. + + +```python +import numpy as np +import pandas as pd +import xarray as xr +import matplotlib.pyplot as plt +import os +from datetime import datetime, timedelta +from matplotlib.gridspec import GridSpec +from lisflood_read_plot import * + +os.chdir('../../') +``` + +## 1 Settings file + +We will introduce a few changes in the settings file (*settings_run.xml*) compared with the file used in the warmup: + + +```xml + + + [...] + + # option to compute indicators + + + # report timeseries + + + + # report maps + + + + + + + [...] + + + + + + [...] + + # reporting points + + + # time-related variables + + + + + + + # paths + + + + # initial conditions + + + [...] + + + + [...] + + + + + + [...] + + # initialization + + + + [...] + + +``` + +In the `` element, timeseries and maps to be reported are activated/deactivated. We chose to report timeseries of discharge (`repDischargeTs`) and reservoirs (`repsimulateReservoirs`). Regarding maps, in this case we're not interested in the end state maps, therefore `repEndMaps` is deactivated. We're only interested in the map stacks of state variables, therefore we activated `RepStateMaps`. However, this variable will not create the discharge and water abstraction map stacks; for that we need to activate the variables `repDischargeMaps` and `RepTotalAbs`. Finally, to generate the water exploitation index maps, we need to activate both `indicator` and `repWIndex`. + +In the `` element, we need to set several features. First, the points in the river network for which timeseries output will be generated; we defined three points using their longitude and latitude separated by spaces (there are other posibilities to set the reporting points). We set the simulation period, i.e., the start and end dates (`StepStart` and `StepEnd`), the timestep from which initial conditions may be read (`timestepInit`) and the timesteps that will be included in the output map stacks (`ReportSteps`). Later, the paths for the initial conditions and outputs are set. Finaly, the location of the initial condition maps must be specified. Special remark on the lower groundwater zone initial value (`LZInitValue`), for which we generated a map stack during the warmup run, instead of a end map; that's the reason why the directory where the map is located is different. + +> **Note**. Pay special attention to the 5 nines in the variable `ReportSteps` (`1..99999`), which are necessary since the simulation exceeds the 10,000 timesteps + +In the `` element, same as in the warmup run, we must define the two maps that we generated in the [initialization run](1_initialization.ipynb). + +## 2 Run the simulation + +This step is similar to the two previous runs, but pointing at the specific settings file (*settings_run.xml*). + +```shell +conda activate your_lisflood_environment +lisflood /home/user/your_path/settings_run.xml +``` + +## 3 Outputs + +In this section we will see some of the outputs that the simulation has generated, which include map stacks and timeseries. + + +```python +path_out = 'out/run/' +settings_file = 'settings_run.xml' +``` + +### 3.1 Map stacks + +#### 3.1.1 Soil layers + +First, we will analyse the water stored in the soil layers. We'll load the data and then we plot it. The maps show the average over time, whereas the lineplot shows a timeseries obtained by computing, for each timestep, the spatial average. In the first case we get an insight into the spatial variability, whereas in the second case we show temporal variability. + + +```python +# load and plot some map stacks +soil_storages = {} +for var in ['tha', 'thb', 'thc']: + da = xr.open_dataarray(f'{path_out}/{var}.nc') + da.close() + soil_storages[var] = da + +# calculate minimum and maximum values of soil moisture among all the map stacks +vmin = np.min([da.mean('time').min() for var, da in soil_storages.items()]) +vmax = np.max([da.mean('time').max() for var, da in soil_storages.items()]) +plot_mapstacks(soil_storages, vmin=vmin, vmax=vmax, ylabel='soil moisture') +``` + + + +![png](images/3_1.png) + + + +***Figure 1**. Evolution of soil moisture in the three soil layers trhoughout the main run.* + +From the previous plots we can extract the following thoughts: + +* The superficial soil ($tha$) shows a much higher temporal variability, since this layer is the most affected by precipitation and evapotranspiration. +* The upper soil layer ($thb$) has a seasonal variation. The "wet" season shows a lag with respect to the "wet" season in the superficial soil. +* The lower soil layer ($thc$) has also a seasonal variation, but at a much lower scale than the other two soil layers, reason why it's bearly noticeable in this plot. + +#### 3.1.2 Groundwater zones + +Let's do a similar analysis on the two groundwater zones. + + +```python +# load and plot some map stacks +gw = {} +for var in ['uz', 'lz']: + da = xr.open_dataarray(f'{path_out}/{var}.nc') + da.close() + gw[var] = da + +# calculate minimum and maximum values among all the map stacks +vmin = np.min([da.mean('time').min() for var, da in gw.items()]) +vmax = np.max([da.mean('time').max() for var, da in gw.items()]) +plot_mapstacks(gw, vmin=vmin, vmax=vmax, ylabel='water content') +``` + + + +![png](images/3_2.png) + + + +***Figure 2**. Evolution of the two groundwater storages trhoughout the main run.* + +From this plot we can infer that, in this case, both zones show seasonality, but the order of magnitude of this seasonal variation differs. Whereas the annual pattern in the upper zone ($uz$) is clearly visible in the lineplot, that of the lower zone ($lz$) is unnoticeable. + +#### 3.1.3 Discharge + +In the case of discharge, apart from the average map over time, we will plot the discharge timeseries for the outlet. + + +```python +# read map stack +dis = xr.open_dataarray(f'{path_out}/dis.nc') + +# configure plot +fig = plt.figure(figsize=(12, 4)) +gs = GridSpec(1, 3, figure=fig) + +# map of daily mean +ax1 = fig.add_subplot(gs[0,0]) +ax1.axis('off') +dis.mean('time').plot(ax=ax1, cmap='Blues', + cbar_kwargs={"orientation": "horizontal", "shrink": 0.8, "aspect": 40, "pad": 0.1}) + +# daily timeseries of areal mean +ax2 = fig.add_subplot(gs[0,1:]) +outlet = dis.mean('time').argmax(['lat', 'lon']) +dis.isel(outlet).plot(lw=1, ax=ax2) +# configure timeseries plot +ax2.set(xlim=(dis.time.data[0], dis.time.data[-1]), + ylabel=f'discharge [{dis.units}]'); +``` + + + +![png](images/3_3.png) + + + +***Figure 3**. Average river discharge and timeseries of river discharge at the catchment outlet.* + +The same discharge timeseries at the catchment outlet can be generated directly from the model simulation. For that, the option `repDischargeTs` in the settings file must be active, and the variable `Gauges` must include the coordinates of the outlet. + +#### 3.1.4 Reservoir and rice irrigation + +In this section we will analyse the map stacks generated by the reservoir and the rice irrigation options. First, we will load the map stacks and later we will plot the data. + + +```python +# load map stacks +water_use = {} +for var in ['ResStor', 'ResAbs', 'tAbsPdRc']: + da = xr.open_dataarray(f'{path_out}/{var}.nc') + da.close() + water_use[var] = da + +plot_mapstacks(water_use, agg='sum', ylabel='volume', yscale='log') +``` + + + +![png](images/3_4.png) + + + +***Figure 4**. Evolution of the reservoir volumen over the main run.* + +The two maps on the top left show, respectively, mean reservoir storage and mean reservoir abstraction. Since there is only one reservoir in the catchment, only one cell has a value larger than zero. We can use this map to find the location of the reservoir and extract from the map stack the timeseries of reservoir storage for that cell (blue line in the lineplot). A similar procedure is carried out for the map stack of reservoir abstraction to produce the green line in the lineplot. Finally, the paddy rice irrigation map (plot on the top right) shows the areas in the catchment where rice is produced and the average amount of water required. The map stack of rice abstraction is used to create a total rice irrigation demand (red line in the lineplot). Pay attention to the scale of the _y_ axis in the lineplot; it is in logarithmic scale in order to show the variability of abstraction and rice irrigation despite their much lower order of magnitude compared with the reservoir storage. + +As shown in these plots, from the map stacks we can extract time series. As we will see later, activating the option `repsimulateReservoir` in the settings file generates timeseries (TSS files) of the reservoir simulation. However, in the case of the reservoir storage, the TSS file represents relative filling, instead of stored volume. + +### 3.1.5 Water exploitation indexes + +Since for this run we activated the options `indicator` and `repWIndex`, a series of water index maps were generated: + +* WDI: water dependency index + +$$ +WDI = \frac{local Water Demand Not Met By Local Water}{total Water Demand} +$$ + +* WSI: water security index + +$$ +WSI = \frac{upstream Inflow Actually Used}{upstream Inflow Available} +$$ + +* WTI: water sustainability index + +$$ +WTI = 1 - \frac{surfaceWaterDeficit}{totalWaterDemand} +$$ + +All these maps have monthly resolution, even though the simulation has daily timesteps. + + +```python +# load and plot some map stacks +wi = {} +for var in ['WDI', 'WSI', 'WTI']: + da = xr.open_dataarray(f'{path_out}/{var}.nc') + da.close() + wi[var] = da + +# calculate minimum and maximum values among all the map stacks +vmin = np.min([da.mean('time').min() for var, da in wi.items()]) +vmax = np.max([da.mean('time').max() for var, da in wi.items()]) +plot_mapstacks(wi, vmin=vmin, vmax=vmax, ylabel='water content') +``` + + + +![png](images/3_5.png) + + + +***Figure 5**. Water indexes. Maps are averages over the whole period; timeseries are averages over the whole catchment.* + +The maps reproduce the water regions; with the southern region having a slightly higher water demand stress. In the timeseries we observe that from 2005 onwards there are recurrent periods in which some of the local demands are not met by local water (peaks in WDI). + +Why is WTI constantly zero? + +### 3.2 Timeseries +#### 3.2.1 Discharge + +As mentioned before, discharge timeseries can be produced directly from the model. The option `repDischargeTs` in the settings file must be active, and the variable `Gauges` must define the points of interest (in our case using the coordinates, but there are other ways to define it). We defined three points in which the model will generate timeseries. Let's check the results: + + +```python +# import timeseries +disWin = read_tss(f'{path_out}disWin.tss', xml=settings_file) + +# plot timeseries +fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(12, 4)) +ax.plot(disWin, lw=.7, label=disWin.columns) + +dis.isel(outlet).plot(linestyle='', marker='o', markersize=1, color='C2', ax=ax, label='3 (netCDF)') +ax.set(xlim=(disWin.index[0], disWin.index[-1]), + ylim=(-200, 6200), + ylabel='discharge [m3/s]', + title='') +fig.legend(loc=8, ncol=4, bbox_to_anchor=[0.5, -0.15, .1, .1]); +``` + + + +![png](images/3_6.png) + + + +***Figure 6**. Discharge timeseries at the three points of interest.* + +The _disWin.tss_ file includes the discharge timeseries for the three points we defined. Each point is assigned an identifier; in our case, the catchment outlet corresponds to point 3. For the sake of comparison, the plot includes as points the discharge timeseries at the outlet extracted from the discharge map stack (_dis.nc_) in section [Discharge](#3.1.3-Discharge); we check that the values of the TSS file are equal to those of the netCDF. + +#### 3.2.2 Reservoirs + +As the option `repsimulateReservoirs` is active in the settings file, the simulation created three TSS files representing the inflow (_qresin.tss_), outflow (_qresout.tss_) and relative filling (_resfill.tss_) of the reservoirs. In our case, since there's only one reservoir in the catchment, only one timeseries is included in each of these TSS files. Let's load these timeseries and plot the reservoir simulation. + + +```python +# load reservoir timeseries +timeseries = {'inflow': 'qresin', + 'outflow': 'qresout', + 'filling': 'resfill'} +res_ts = {} +for var, file in timeseries.items(): + ts = read_tss(f'{path_out}/{file}.tss', xml=settings_file, squeeze=True) + res_ts[var] = ts +res_ts = pd.DataFrame.from_dict(res_ts) + +# load reservoir relative filling limits +limits = {'conservative': 'c', + 'normal': 'n', + 'flood': 'f'} +res_lim = {} +for var, file in limits.items(): + res_lim[var] = pd.read_csv(f'tables/reservoirs/r{file}lim.txt', delim_whitespace=True, header=None, index_col=0).iloc[0,0] + +# plot reservoir simulation +plot_reservoir(res_ts, clim=res_lim['conservative'], nlim=res_lim['normal'], flim=res_lim['flood']) +``` + + + +![png](images/3_7.png) + + + +***Figure 7**. Reservoir inflow, outflow and relative filling.* + +Conclusions from this plot: + +* The reservoir storage is kept between the normal and flooding limits throughout most of the simulation period. In 1994, 1995 and 1997 there are three exceptions in which the storage exceeded the flood limit. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/book/_build/html/_sources/4_following_steps.md b/docs/book/_build/html/_sources/4_following_steps.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4a62f14 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/book/_build/html/_sources/4_following_steps.md @@ -0,0 +1,236 @@ +![header](images/header.png) + +# Following steps + +
+
+
+ +So far we have developed a LISFLOOD model than runs and it is correctly initialized. However, we are using default model parameters, so there's no confidence at all in the accuracy of the model. Before you can extract any conclusions from your model results, the model needs to be calibrated. As a result of the calibration, the model parameters are tuned so that the outputs reproduce observed data as good as possible. Calibration is usually performed on the river discharge timeseries at one or more gauging stations, but there are plenty of other calibration procedures. + +To perform a calibration, LISFLOOD proposes a [calibration tool](https://github.com/ec-jrc/lisflood-calibration) based on DEAP (Distributed Evolutionary Algorithms in Python) (Fortin et al., 2012).The calibration procedure exceeds the scope of this tutorial, so we will not get into it. Please, feel free to use any other calibration procedure and optimization algorithm. + +## 1 Settings + +The repository includes three settings files (one for each of the runs) in which we have changed the calibration parameters according to the results of the calibration of the model (`lfuser` element in the settings file). Apart from the calibration parameters, we have changed the output directories, so the results don't overwrite those of the previous runs. The results will be saved in subdirectories called _calibrated_; for instance, the initial conditions will be saved in the folder _initial/calibrated_ instead of the folder _initial_. + +The snippet below shows a part of the file _settins_calibrated_run.xml_ that defines the paths to the initial conditions and where results will be saved, and the definition of the calibration parameters. + +```xml + + + [...] + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + [...] + + +``` + + +```python +import numpy as np +import pandas as pd +import xarray as xr +import matplotlib.pyplot as plt +from lisflood_read_plot import * + +path_model = '../../model/' +path_out = f'{path_model}out/run/' +``` + +## 2 Initialization + +As explained in [Chapter 2 - Initialization](#1_initialization.ipynb), this run is meant to create two outmaps that define the average river discharge (_avgdis.nc_) and the average inflow into the lower groundwater zone (_lzavin.nc_). Let's see how these initialization maps change once we apply the calibration parameters. + + +```python +fig, ax = plt.subplots(ncols=2, nrows=2, figsize=(10, 9)) + +for r, (var, cmap) in enumerate(zip(['lzavin', 'avgdis'], ['Blues', 'Greens'])): + non_calib = xr.open_dataarray(f'{path_model}/initial/{var}.nc') + non_calib.close() + calib = xr.open_dataarray(f'{path_model}/initial/calibrated/{var}.nc') + calib.close() + + vmin = min(non_calib.min(), calib.min()) + vmax = max(non_calib.max(), calib.max()) + + for c, da in enumerate([non_calib, calib]): + da.plot(ax=ax[r, c], cmap=cmap, vmin=vmin, vmax=vmax) + ax[r, c].axis('off') + +fig.text(.275, .9, 'Uncalibrated', fontsize=12, horizontalalignment='center') +fig.text(.7, .9, 'Calibrated', fontsize=12, horizontalalignment='center'); +``` + + + +![png](images/4_1.png) + + + +***Figure 1**. Output maps from the initialization run: average inflow into the lower groundwater zone (_LZAvin_) and average river discharge (_avgdis_). The left column corresponds to the initialization with default parameters, and the right column to the initialization with calibrated parameters.* + +In our study case, the change in the _lzavin_ is notorious. + +## 3 Warmup + +As explained in [Chapter 3 - Warmup](#2_warmup.ipynb), this objective of this run is to find the initial conditions at the begining of the target run. The usual output of these simulation is a set of maps (NetCDF) with the model state variables at the end of the simulation. For educational purposes, we chose to write, not only the end state maps, but also the map stack of one of the state variables: the lower groundwater zone. + +Let's see how some of the outputs of this run has changed with the calibrated parameters and the new initialization maps. + +### 3.1 End maps + +The following figure compares the end state maps of the warmup run with default parameters (_uncalibrated_) and the run with calibrated parameters (_calibrated_). Only five state variables are shown, the three soil layers (blue) and the two groundwater zones (green). + + +```python +# load some end state maps (initial conditions for the run) +init_cond = {'uncalibrated': {}, 'calibrated': {}} +vmin, vmax = np.nan, np.nan +for var in ['tha', 'thb', 'thc', 'uz', 'lz']: + da = xr.open_dataarray(f'{path_model}initial/{var}_end.nc') + da.close() + init_cond['uncalibrated'][var] = da + da = xr.open_dataarray(f'{path_model}initial/calibrated/{var}_end.nc') + da.close() + init_cond['calibrated'][var] = da + +# plot end state maps +fig, ax = plt.subplots(ncols=3, nrows=4, figsize=(12, 14)) +plot_config = {'soil': {'vars': ['tha', 'thb', 'thc'], 'cmap': 'Blues'}, + 'groudwater': {'vars': ['uz', 'lz'], 'cmap': 'Greens'}} +for g, (group, config) in enumerate(plot_config.items()): + for col, var in enumerate(config['vars']): + # calculate minimum and maximum values for the colorbar + vmin = min([init_cond[sim][var].min() for sim in ['uncalibrated', 'calibrated']]) + vmax = max([init_cond[sim][var].max() for sim in ['uncalibrated', 'calibrated']]) + for s, sim in enumerate(['uncalibrated', 'calibrated']): + # plot the map + row = g * 2 + s + init_cond[sim][var].plot(ax=ax[row, col], cmap=config['cmap'], vmin=vmin, vmax=vmax) + ax[row, col].axis('off') + if col < 2: + for c in range(col + 1, 3): + ax[row, c].axis('off') + # add title to each row + if col == 0: + fig.text(.08, .8 - .2 * row, sim, fontsize=13, rotation=90, verticalalignment='center'); +``` + + + +![png](images/4_2.png) + + + +***Figure 2**. Initial conditions in the soil (blue) and groundwater (green) layers. In each of the groups of variables, the top row corresponds to the initial conditions with default parameters, and the bottom row to the initial conditions with calibrated parameters.* + +In our study case, the initial conditions of the soil layers have not changed significantly, but those of the groundwater zone are clearly different. + +### 3.2 Lower groundwater zone + +In the previous figure we saw that the state of the lower groundwater zone is very different with the new calibrated warmup run. Since we have created the map stack for this variable, we can dig deeper in the differences between this warmup run with calibrated parameters and the the previous warmup run with default parameters. + +The following figure shows the timeseries of the average lower groundwater storage (catchment mean) in both warmup runs. + + +```python +# load map stack for the uncalibrated warmup +lz = xr.open_dataarray(f'{path_model}out/warmup/lz.nc') +lz.close() + +# load map stack for the calibrated warmup +lz_cal = xr.open_dataarray(f'{path_model}out/warmup/calibrated/lz.nc') +lz_cal.close() + +# plot comparison +fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(12, 4)) +lz.mean(['lat', 'lon']).plot(ax=ax, lw=.7, label='uncalibrated') +lz_cal.mean(['lat', 'lon']).plot(ax=ax, lw=.7, label='calibrated') +ax.set(xlim=('1979-01-01', '1990-01-01'), + xlabel=None, + ylim=(0, 200), + ylabel='lower groundwater [mm]', + title='') +fig.legend(loc=8, ncol=4, bbox_to_anchor=[0.45, -0.07, .1, .1]); +``` + + + +![png](images/4_3.png) + + + +***Figure 3**. Evolution of the amount of water stored in the lower groundwater zone during the warmup run.* + +## 4 Run + +The previous figures were meant only to explain why the initialization and warmup simulations need to be rerun with the new calibrated parameters. If we didn't, neither the initialization maps nor the initial conditions would correspond to the behaviour of the calibrated model, which would cause a strange model output at the beginning of the target run. + +Now we are in a position to run our target simulation with a correct initialization and a calibrated model. The following figure compares the discharge simulated at the catchment outlet by both the uncalibrated and the calibrated models. + + +```python +# settings files for the main run with default or calibrated parameters +settings = f'{path_model}settings_run.xml' +settings_cal = f'{path_model}settings_calibrated_run.xml' + +# import non-calibrated discharge timeseries +dis = read_tss(f'{path_out}disWin.tss', xml=settings) + +# import calibrated discharge timeseries +dis_cal = read_tss(f'{path_out}/calibrated/disWin.tss', xml=settings_cal) + +# plot timeseries +fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(12, 4)) +ax.plot(dis.iloc[:,-1], lw=.7, label='uncalibrated') +ax.plot(dis_cal.iloc[:,-1], lw=.7, label='calibrated') +ax.set(xlim=('2010-01-01', '2015-01-01'), + ylim=(-200, 4200), + ylabel='discharge [m3/s]', + title='') +fig.legend(loc=8, ncol=4, bbox_to_anchor=[0.45, -0.05, .1, .1]); +``` + + + +![png](images/4_4.png) + + + +***Figure 4**. River discharge at the catchment outlet with default (blue) or calibrated (orange) parameters.* + +As we see, the results differ when we run the calibrated model. These differences may seem small in our case study, but it is extremely important to calibrate the model before extracting any conclusions from the model results. diff --git a/docs/book/_build/html/_sources/intro.md b/docs/book/_build/html/_sources/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1eaf6c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/book/_build/html/_sources/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# A LISFLOOD use case: the Nam Ngum River Basin + +This is a simple example of how a catchment model can be developed using the hydrological model LISFLOOD. + +The book is divided in four chapters. The first chapter introduces the study area, shows the required input data, and presents the parts of the LISFLOOD settings file that will be common for the different simulations we will run. The following three chapters represent each of the three runs we will carry out in this project. In each section we will present the objective of that run, its specific settings and we will visualize and explain some of the results. + +More information about LISFLOOD can be found both in its [Model Documentation](https://ec-jrc.github.io/lisflood-model/) and the [User Guide](https://ec-jrc.github.io/lisflood-code/). + +**Table of contents** + +```{tableofcontents} +``` diff --git a/docs/book/_build/html/_sphinx_design_static/design-style.b7bb847fb20b106c3d81b95245e65545.min.css b/docs/book/_build/html/_sphinx_design_static/design-style.b7bb847fb20b106c3d81b95245e65545.min.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..704c42e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/book/_build/html/_sphinx_design_static/design-style.b7bb847fb20b106c3d81b95245e65545.min.css @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +.sd-bg-primary{background-color:var(--sd-color-primary) !important}.sd-bg-text-primary{color:var(--sd-color-primary-text) 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---------------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.hlist { + margin: 1em 0; +} + +table.hlist td { + vertical-align: top; +} + +/* -- object description styles --------------------------------------------- */ + +.sig { + font-family: 'Consolas', 'Menlo', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', monospace; +} + +.sig-name, code.descname { + background-color: transparent; + font-weight: bold; +} + +.sig-name { + font-size: 1.1em; +} + +code.descname { + font-size: 1.2em; +} + +.sig-prename, code.descclassname { + background-color: transparent; +} + +.optional { + font-size: 1.3em; +} + +.sig-paren { + font-size: larger; +} + +.sig-param.n { + font-style: italic; +} + +/* C++ specific styling */ + +.sig-inline.c-texpr, +.sig-inline.cpp-texpr { + font-family: unset; +} + +.sig.c .k, .sig.c .kt, +.sig.cpp .k, .sig.cpp .kt { + color: #0033B3; +} + +.sig.c .m, +.sig.cpp .m { + color: #1750EB; +} + +.sig.c .s, .sig.c .sc, +.sig.cpp .s, .sig.cpp .sc { + color: #067D17; +} + + +/* -- other body styles ----------------------------------------------------- */ + +ol.arabic { + list-style: decimal; +} + +ol.loweralpha { + list-style: lower-alpha; +} + +ol.upperalpha { + list-style: upper-alpha; +} + +ol.lowerroman { + list-style: lower-roman; +} + +ol.upperroman { + list-style: upper-roman; +} + +:not(li) > ol > li:first-child > :first-child, +:not(li) > ul > li:first-child > :first-child { + margin-top: 0px; +} + +:not(li) > ol > li:last-child > :last-child, +:not(li) > ul > li:last-child > :last-child { + margin-bottom: 0px; +} + +ol.simple ol p, +ol.simple ul p, +ul.simple ol p, +ul.simple ul p { + margin-top: 0; +} + +ol.simple > li:not(:first-child) > p, +ul.simple > li:not(:first-child) > p { + margin-top: 0; +} + +ol.simple p, +ul.simple p { + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +dl.footnote > dt, +dl.citation > dt { + float: left; + margin-right: 0.5em; +} + +dl.footnote > dd, +dl.citation > dd { + margin-bottom: 0em; +} + +dl.footnote > dd:after, +dl.citation > dd:after { + content: ""; + clear: both; +} + +dl.field-list { + display: grid; + grid-template-columns: fit-content(30%) auto; +} + +dl.field-list > dt { + font-weight: bold; + word-break: break-word; + padding-left: 0.5em; + padding-right: 5px; +} + +dl.field-list > dt:after { + content: ":"; +} + +dl.field-list > dd { + padding-left: 0.5em; + margin-top: 0em; + margin-left: 0em; + margin-bottom: 0em; +} + +dl { + margin-bottom: 15px; +} + +dd > :first-child { + margin-top: 0px; +} + +dd ul, dd table { + margin-bottom: 10px; +} + +dd { + margin-top: 3px; + margin-bottom: 10px; + margin-left: 30px; +} + +dl > dd:last-child, +dl > dd:last-child > :last-child { + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +dt:target, span.highlighted { + background-color: #fbe54e; +} + +rect.highlighted { + fill: #fbe54e; +} + +dl.glossary dt { + font-weight: bold; + font-size: 1.1em; +} + +.versionmodified { + font-style: italic; +} + +.system-message { + background-color: #fda; + padding: 5px; + border: 3px solid red; +} + +.footnote:target { + background-color: #ffa; +} + +.line-block { + display: block; + margin-top: 1em; + margin-bottom: 1em; +} + +.line-block .line-block { + margin-top: 0; + margin-bottom: 0; + margin-left: 1.5em; +} + +.guilabel, .menuselection { + font-family: sans-serif; +} + +.accelerator { + text-decoration: underline; +} + +.classifier { + font-style: oblique; +} + +.classifier:before { + font-style: normal; + margin: 0 0.5em; + content: ":"; + display: inline-block; +} + +abbr, acronym { + border-bottom: dotted 1px; + cursor: help; +} + +/* -- code displays --------------------------------------------------------- */ + +pre { + overflow: auto; + overflow-y: hidden; /* fixes display issues on Chrome browsers */ +} + +pre, div[class*="highlight-"] { + clear: both; +} + +span.pre { + -moz-hyphens: none; + -ms-hyphens: none; + -webkit-hyphens: none; + hyphens: none; + white-space: nowrap; +} + +div[class*="highlight-"] { + margin: 1em 0; +} + +td.linenos pre { + border: 0; + background-color: transparent; + color: #aaa; +} + +table.highlighttable { + display: block; +} + +table.highlighttable tbody { + display: block; +} + +table.highlighttable tr { + display: flex; +} + +table.highlighttable td { + margin: 0; + padding: 0; +} + +table.highlighttable td.linenos { + padding-right: 0.5em; +} + +table.highlighttable td.code { + flex: 1; + overflow: hidden; +} + +.highlight .hll { + display: block; +} + +div.highlight pre, +table.highlighttable pre { + margin: 0; +} + +div.code-block-caption + div { + margin-top: 0; +} + +div.code-block-caption { + margin-top: 1em; + padding: 2px 5px; + font-size: small; +} + +div.code-block-caption code { + background-color: transparent; +} + +table.highlighttable td.linenos, +span.linenos, +div.highlight span.gp { /* gp: Generic.Prompt */ + user-select: none; + -webkit-user-select: text; /* Safari fallback only */ + -webkit-user-select: none; /* Chrome/Safari */ + -moz-user-select: none; /* Firefox */ + -ms-user-select: none; /* IE10+ */ +} + +div.code-block-caption span.caption-number { + padding: 0.1em 0.3em; + font-style: italic; +} + +div.code-block-caption span.caption-text { +} + +div.literal-block-wrapper { + margin: 1em 0; +} + +code.xref, a code { + background-color: transparent; + font-weight: bold; +} + +h1 code, h2 code, h3 code, h4 code, h5 code, h6 code { + background-color: transparent; +} + +.viewcode-link { + float: right; +} + +.viewcode-back { + float: right; + font-family: sans-serif; +} + +div.viewcode-block:target { + margin: -1px -10px; + padding: 0 10px; +} + +/* -- math display ---------------------------------------------------------- */ + +img.math { + vertical-align: middle; +} + +div.body div.math p { + text-align: center; +} + +span.eqno { + float: right; +} + +span.eqno a.headerlink { + position: absolute; + z-index: 1; +} + +div.math:hover a.headerlink { + visibility: visible; +} + +/* -- printout stylesheet --------------------------------------------------- */ + +@media print { + div.document, + div.documentwrapper, + div.bodywrapper { + margin: 0 !important; + width: 100%; + } + + div.sphinxsidebar, + div.related, + div.footer, + #top-link { + display: none; + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/book/_build/html/_static/check-solid.svg b/docs/book/_build/html/_static/check-solid.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..92fad4b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/book/_build/html/_static/check-solid.svg @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ + + + + diff --git a/docs/book/_build/html/_static/clipboard.min.js b/docs/book/_build/html/_static/clipboard.min.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..54b3c46 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/book/_build/html/_static/clipboard.min.js @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +/*! + * clipboard.js v2.0.8 + * https://clipboardjs.com/ + * + * Licensed MIT © Zeno Rocha + */ +!function(t,e){"object"==typeof exports&&"object"==typeof module?module.exports=e():"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define([],e):"object"==typeof exports?exports.ClipboardJS=e():t.ClipboardJS=e()}(this,function(){return n={686:function(t,e,n){"use strict";n.d(e,{default:function(){return o}});var e=n(279),i=n.n(e),e=n(370),u=n.n(e),e=n(817),c=n.n(e);function a(t){try{return document.execCommand(t)}catch(t){return}}var f=function(t){t=c()(t);return a("cut"),t};var l=function(t){var e,n,o,r=1 + + + + diff --git a/docs/book/_build/html/_static/copybutton.css b/docs/book/_build/html/_static/copybutton.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f1916ec --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/book/_build/html/_static/copybutton.css @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +/* Copy buttons */ +button.copybtn { + position: absolute; + display: flex; + top: .3em; + right: .3em; + width: 1.7em; + height: 1.7em; + opacity: 0; + transition: opacity 0.3s, border .3s, background-color .3s; + user-select: none; + padding: 0; + border: none; + outline: none; + border-radius: 0.4em; + /* The colors that GitHub uses */ + border: #1b1f2426 1px solid; + background-color: #f6f8fa; + color: #57606a; +} + +button.copybtn.success { + border-color: #22863a; + color: #22863a; +} + +button.copybtn svg { + stroke: currentColor; + width: 1.5em; + height: 1.5em; + padding: 0.1em; +} + +div.highlight { + position: relative; +} + +/* Show the copybutton */ +.highlight:hover button.copybtn, button.copybtn.success { + opacity: 1; +} + +.highlight button.copybtn:hover { + background-color: rgb(235, 235, 235); +} + +.highlight button.copybtn:active { + background-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); +} + +/** + * A minimal CSS-only tooltip copied from: + * https://codepen.io/mildrenben/pen/rVBrpK + * + * To use, write HTML like the following: + * + *

Short

+ */ + .o-tooltip--left { + position: relative; + } + + .o-tooltip--left:after { + opacity: 0; + visibility: hidden; + position: absolute; + content: attr(data-tooltip); + padding: .2em; + font-size: .8em; + left: -.2em; + background: grey; + color: white; + white-space: nowrap; + z-index: 2; + border-radius: 2px; + transform: translateX(-102%) translateY(0); + transition: opacity 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1), transform 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1); +} + +.o-tooltip--left:hover:after { + display: block; + opacity: 1; + visibility: visible; + transform: translateX(-100%) translateY(0); + transition: opacity 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1), transform 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1); + transition-delay: .5s; +} + +/* By default the copy button shouldn't show up when printing a page */ +@media print { + button.copybtn { + display: none; + } +} diff --git a/docs/book/_build/html/_static/copybutton.js b/docs/book/_build/html/_static/copybutton.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..02c5c82 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/book/_build/html/_static/copybutton.js @@ -0,0 +1,248 @@ +// Localization support +const messages = { + 'en': { + 'copy': 'Copy', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copy to clipboard', + 'copy_success': 'Copied!', + 'copy_failure': 'Failed to copy', + }, + 'es' : { + 'copy': 'Copiar', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copiar al portapapeles', + 'copy_success': '¡Copiado!', + 'copy_failure': 'Error al copiar', + }, + 'de' : { + 'copy': 'Kopieren', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'In die Zwischenablage kopieren', + 'copy_success': 'Kopiert!', + 'copy_failure': 'Fehler beim Kopieren', + }, + 'fr' : { + 'copy': 'Copier', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copié dans le presse-papier', + 'copy_success': 'Copié !', + 'copy_failure': 'Échec de la copie', + }, + 'ru': { + 'copy': 'Скопировать', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Скопировать в буфер', + 'copy_success': 'Скопировано!', + 'copy_failure': 'Не удалось скопировать', + }, + 'zh-CN': { + 'copy': '复制', + 'copy_to_clipboard': '复制到剪贴板', + 'copy_success': '复制成功!', + 'copy_failure': '复制失败', + }, + 'it' : { + 'copy': 'Copiare', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copiato negli appunti', + 'copy_success': 'Copiato!', + 'copy_failure': 'Errore durante la copia', + } +} + +let locale = 'en' +if( document.documentElement.lang !== undefined + && messages[document.documentElement.lang] !== undefined ) { + locale = document.documentElement.lang +} + +let doc_url_root = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.URL_ROOT; +if (doc_url_root == '#') { + doc_url_root = ''; +} + +/** + * SVG files for our copy buttons + */ +let iconCheck = ` + ${messages[locale]['copy_success']} + + +` + +// If the user specified their own SVG use that, otherwise use the default +let iconCopy = ``; +if (!iconCopy) { + iconCopy = ` + ${messages[locale]['copy_to_clipboard']} + + + +` +} + +/** + * Set up copy/paste for code blocks + */ + +const runWhenDOMLoaded = cb => { + if (document.readyState != 'loading') { + cb() + } else if (document.addEventListener) { + document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', cb) + } else { + document.attachEvent('onreadystatechange', function() { + if (document.readyState == 'complete') cb() + }) + } +} + +const codeCellId = index => `codecell${index}` + +// Clears selected text since ClipboardJS will select the text when copying +const clearSelection = () => { + if (window.getSelection) { + window.getSelection().removeAllRanges() + } else if (document.selection) { + document.selection.empty() + } +} + +// Changes tooltip text for a moment, then changes it back +// We want the timeout of our `success` class to be a bit shorter than the +// tooltip and icon change, so that we can hide the icon before changing back. +var timeoutIcon = 2000; +var timeoutSuccessClass = 1500; + +const temporarilyChangeTooltip = (el, oldText, newText) => { + el.setAttribute('data-tooltip', newText) + el.classList.add('success') + // Remove success a little bit sooner than we change the tooltip + // So that we can use CSS to hide the copybutton first + setTimeout(() => el.classList.remove('success'), timeoutSuccessClass) + setTimeout(() => el.setAttribute('data-tooltip', oldText), timeoutIcon) +} + +// Changes the copy button icon for two seconds, then changes it back +const temporarilyChangeIcon = (el) => { + el.innerHTML = iconCheck; + setTimeout(() => {el.innerHTML = iconCopy}, timeoutIcon) +} + +const addCopyButtonToCodeCells = () => { + // If ClipboardJS hasn't loaded, wait a bit and try again. This + // happens because we load ClipboardJS asynchronously. + if (window.ClipboardJS === undefined) { + setTimeout(addCopyButtonToCodeCells, 250) + return + } + + // Add copybuttons to all of our code cells + const COPYBUTTON_SELECTOR = 'div.highlight pre'; + const codeCells = document.querySelectorAll(COPYBUTTON_SELECTOR) + codeCells.forEach((codeCell, index) => { + const id = codeCellId(index) + codeCell.setAttribute('id', id) + + const clipboardButton = id => + `` + codeCell.insertAdjacentHTML('afterend', clipboardButton(id)) + }) + +function escapeRegExp(string) { + return string.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\$&'); // $& means the whole matched string +} + +/** + * Removes excluded text from a Node. + * + * @param {Node} target Node to filter. + * @param {string} exclude CSS selector of nodes to exclude. + * @returns {DOMString} Text from `target` with text removed. + */ +function filterText(target, exclude) { + const clone = target.cloneNode(true); // clone as to not modify the live DOM + if (exclude) { + // remove excluded nodes + clone.querySelectorAll(exclude).forEach(node => node.remove()); + } + return clone.innerText; +} + +// Callback when a copy button is clicked. Will be passed the node that was clicked +// should then grab the text and replace pieces of text that shouldn't be used in output +function formatCopyText(textContent, copybuttonPromptText, isRegexp = false, onlyCopyPromptLines = true, removePrompts = true, copyEmptyLines = true, lineContinuationChar = "", hereDocDelim = "") { + var regexp; + var match; + + // Do we check for line continuation characters and "HERE-documents"? + var useLineCont = !!lineContinuationChar + var useHereDoc = !!hereDocDelim + + // create regexp to capture prompt and remaining line + if (isRegexp) { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + copybuttonPromptText + ')(.*)') + } else { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + escapeRegExp(copybuttonPromptText) + ')(.*)') + } + + const outputLines = []; + var promptFound = false; + var gotLineCont = false; + var gotHereDoc = false; + const lineGotPrompt = []; + for (const line of textContent.split('\n')) { + match = line.match(regexp) + if (match || gotLineCont || gotHereDoc) { + promptFound = regexp.test(line) + lineGotPrompt.push(promptFound) + if (removePrompts && promptFound) { + outputLines.push(match[2]) + } else { + outputLines.push(line) + } + gotLineCont = line.endsWith(lineContinuationChar) & useLineCont + if (line.includes(hereDocDelim) & useHereDoc) + gotHereDoc = !gotHereDoc + } else if (!onlyCopyPromptLines) { + outputLines.push(line) + } else if (copyEmptyLines && line.trim() === '') { + outputLines.push(line) + } + } + + // If no lines with the prompt were found then just use original lines + if (lineGotPrompt.some(v => v === true)) { + textContent = outputLines.join('\n'); + } + + // Remove a trailing newline to avoid auto-running when pasting + if (textContent.endsWith("\n")) { + textContent = textContent.slice(0, -1) + } + return textContent +} + + +var copyTargetText = (trigger) => { + var target = document.querySelector(trigger.attributes['data-clipboard-target'].value); + + // get filtered text + let exclude = '.linenos, .gp'; + + let text = filterText(target, exclude); + return formatCopyText(text, '', false, true, true, true, '', '') +} + + // Initialize with a callback so we can modify the text before copy + const clipboard = new ClipboardJS('.copybtn', {text: copyTargetText}) + + // Update UI with error/success messages + clipboard.on('success', event => { + clearSelection() + temporarilyChangeTooltip(event.trigger, messages[locale]['copy'], messages[locale]['copy_success']) + temporarilyChangeIcon(event.trigger) + }) + + clipboard.on('error', event => { + temporarilyChangeTooltip(event.trigger, messages[locale]['copy'], messages[locale]['copy_failure']) + }) +} + +runWhenDOMLoaded(addCopyButtonToCodeCells) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/book/_build/html/_static/copybutton_funcs.js b/docs/book/_build/html/_static/copybutton_funcs.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dbe1aaa --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/book/_build/html/_static/copybutton_funcs.js @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +function escapeRegExp(string) { + return string.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\$&'); // $& means the whole matched string +} + +/** + * Removes excluded text from a Node. + * + * @param {Node} target Node to filter. + * @param {string} exclude CSS selector of nodes to exclude. + * @returns {DOMString} Text from `target` with text removed. + */ +export function filterText(target, exclude) { + const clone = target.cloneNode(true); // clone as to not modify the live DOM + if (exclude) { + // remove excluded nodes + clone.querySelectorAll(exclude).forEach(node => node.remove()); + } + return clone.innerText; +} + +// Callback when a copy button is clicked. Will be passed the node that was clicked +// should then grab the text and replace pieces of text that shouldn't be used in output +export function formatCopyText(textContent, copybuttonPromptText, isRegexp = false, onlyCopyPromptLines = true, removePrompts = true, copyEmptyLines = true, lineContinuationChar = "", hereDocDelim = "") { + var regexp; + var match; + + // Do we check for line continuation characters and "HERE-documents"? + var useLineCont = !!lineContinuationChar + var useHereDoc = !!hereDocDelim + + // create regexp to capture prompt and remaining line + if (isRegexp) { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + copybuttonPromptText + ')(.*)') + } else { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + escapeRegExp(copybuttonPromptText) + ')(.*)') + } + + const outputLines = []; + var promptFound = false; + var gotLineCont = false; + var gotHereDoc = false; + const lineGotPrompt = []; + for (const line of textContent.split('\n')) { + match = line.match(regexp) + if (match || gotLineCont || gotHereDoc) { + promptFound = regexp.test(line) + lineGotPrompt.push(promptFound) + if (removePrompts && promptFound) { + outputLines.push(match[2]) + } else { + outputLines.push(line) + } + gotLineCont = line.endsWith(lineContinuationChar) & useLineCont + if (line.includes(hereDocDelim) & useHereDoc) + gotHereDoc = !gotHereDoc + } else if (!onlyCopyPromptLines) { + outputLines.push(line) + } else if (copyEmptyLines && line.trim() === '') { + outputLines.push(line) + } + } + + // If no lines with the prompt were found then just use original lines + if (lineGotPrompt.some(v => v === true)) { + textContent = outputLines.join('\n'); + } + + // Remove a trailing newline to avoid auto-running when pasting + if (textContent.endsWith("\n")) { + textContent = textContent.slice(0, -1) + } + return textContent +} diff --git a/docs/book/_build/html/_static/design-style.b7bb847fb20b106c3d81b95245e65545.min.css b/docs/book/_build/html/_static/design-style.b7bb847fb20b106c3d81b95245e65545.min.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..704c42e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/book/_build/html/_static/design-style.b7bb847fb20b106c3d81b95245e65545.min.css @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +.sd-bg-primary{background-color:var(--sd-color-primary) !important}.sd-bg-text-primary{color:var(--sd-color-primary-text) !important}button.sd-bg-primary:focus,button.sd-bg-primary:hover{background-color:var(--sd-color-primary-highlight) !important}a.sd-bg-primary:focus,a.sd-bg-primary:hover{background-color:var(--sd-color-primary-highlight) !important}.sd-bg-secondary{background-color:var(--sd-color-secondary) !important}.sd-bg-text-secondary{color:var(--sd-color-secondary-text) !important}button.sd-bg-secondary:focus,button.sd-bg-secondary:hover{background-color:var(--sd-color-secondary-highlight) !important}a.sd-bg-secondary:focus,a.sd-bg-secondary:hover{background-color:var(--sd-color-secondary-highlight) !important}.sd-bg-success{background-color:var(--sd-color-success) !important}.sd-bg-text-success{color:var(--sd-color-success-text) !important}button.sd-bg-success:focus,button.sd-bg-success:hover{background-color:var(--sd-color-success-highlight) !important}a.sd-bg-success:focus,a.sd-bg-success:hover{background-color:var(--sd-color-success-highlight) !important}.sd-bg-info{background-color:var(--sd-color-info) !important}.sd-bg-text-info{color:var(--sd-color-info-text) !important}button.sd-bg-info:focus,button.sd-bg-info:hover{background-color:var(--sd-color-info-highlight) !important}a.sd-bg-info:focus,a.sd-bg-info:hover{background-color:var(--sd-color-info-highlight) !important}.sd-bg-warning{background-color:var(--sd-color-warning) !important}.sd-bg-text-warning{color:var(--sd-color-warning-text) !important}button.sd-bg-warning:focus,button.sd-bg-warning:hover{background-color:var(--sd-color-warning-highlight) !important}a.sd-bg-warning:focus,a.sd-bg-warning:hover{background-color:var(--sd-color-warning-highlight) !important}.sd-bg-danger{background-color:var(--sd-color-danger) 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label.previousElementSibling.checked = true; + } + window.localStorage.setItem("sphinx-design-last-tab", syncId); +} + +document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", ready, false); diff --git a/docs/book/_build/html/_static/doctools.js b/docs/book/_build/html/_static/doctools.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e1bfd70 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/book/_build/html/_static/doctools.js @@ -0,0 +1,358 @@ +/* + * doctools.js + * ~~~~~~~~~~~ + * + * Sphinx JavaScript utilities for all documentation. + * + * :copyright: Copyright 2007-2022 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS. + * :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details. + * + */ + +/** + * select a different prefix for underscore + */ +$u = _.noConflict(); + +/** + * make the code below compatible with browsers without + * an installed firebug like debugger +if (!window.console || !console.firebug) { + var names = ["log", "debug", "info", "warn", "error", "assert", "dir", + "dirxml", "group", "groupEnd", "time", "timeEnd", "count", "trace", + "profile", "profileEnd"]; + window.console = {}; + for (var i = 0; i < names.length; ++i) + window.console[names[i]] = function() {}; +} + */ + +/** + * small helper function to urldecode strings + * + * See https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/decodeURIComponent#Decoding_query_parameters_from_a_URL + */ +jQuery.urldecode = function(x) { + if (!x) { + return x + } + return decodeURIComponent(x.replace(/\+/g, ' ')); +}; + +/** + * small helper function to urlencode strings + */ +jQuery.urlencode = encodeURIComponent; + +/** + * This function returns the parsed url parameters of the + * current request. Multiple values per key are supported, + * it will always return arrays of strings for the value parts. + */ +jQuery.getQueryParameters = function(s) { + if (typeof s === 'undefined') + s = document.location.search; + var parts = s.substr(s.indexOf('?') + 1).split('&'); + var result = {}; + for (var i = 0; i < parts.length; i++) { + var tmp = parts[i].split('=', 2); + var key = jQuery.urldecode(tmp[0]); + var value = jQuery.urldecode(tmp[1]); + if (key in result) + result[key].push(value); + else + result[key] = [value]; + } + return result; +}; + +/** + * highlight a given string on a jquery object by wrapping it in + * span elements with the given class name. + */ +jQuery.fn.highlightText = function(text, className) { + function highlight(node, addItems) { + if (node.nodeType === 3) { + var val = node.nodeValue; + var pos = val.toLowerCase().indexOf(text); + if (pos >= 0 && + !jQuery(node.parentNode).hasClass(className) && + !jQuery(node.parentNode).hasClass("nohighlight")) { + var span; + var isInSVG = jQuery(node).closest("body, svg, foreignObject").is("svg"); + if (isInSVG) { + span = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "tspan"); + } else { + span = document.createElement("span"); + span.className = className; + } + span.appendChild(document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos, text.length))); + node.parentNode.insertBefore(span, node.parentNode.insertBefore( + document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos + text.length)), + node.nextSibling)); + node.nodeValue = val.substr(0, pos); + if (isInSVG) { + var rect = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "rect"); + var bbox = node.parentElement.getBBox(); + rect.x.baseVal.value = bbox.x; + rect.y.baseVal.value = bbox.y; + rect.width.baseVal.value = bbox.width; + rect.height.baseVal.value = bbox.height; + rect.setAttribute('class', className); + addItems.push({ + "parent": node.parentNode, + "target": rect}); + } + } + } + else if (!jQuery(node).is("button, select, textarea")) { + jQuery.each(node.childNodes, function() { + highlight(this, addItems); + }); + } + } + var addItems = []; + var result = this.each(function() { + highlight(this, addItems); + }); + for (var i = 0; i < addItems.length; ++i) { + jQuery(addItems[i].parent).before(addItems[i].target); + } + return result; +}; + +/* + * backward compatibility for jQuery.browser + * This will be supported until firefox bug is fixed. + */ +if (!jQuery.browser) { + jQuery.uaMatch = function(ua) { + ua = ua.toLowerCase(); + + var match = /(chrome)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + /(webkit)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + /(opera)(?:.*version|)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + /(msie) ([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + ua.indexOf("compatible") < 0 && /(mozilla)(?:.*? rv:([\w.]+)|)/.exec(ua) || + []; + + return { + browser: match[ 1 ] || "", + version: match[ 2 ] || "0" + }; + }; + jQuery.browser = {}; + jQuery.browser[jQuery.uaMatch(navigator.userAgent).browser] = true; +} + +/** + * Small JavaScript module for the documentation. + */ +var Documentation = { + + init : function() { + this.fixFirefoxAnchorBug(); + this.highlightSearchWords(); + this.initIndexTable(); + this.initOnKeyListeners(); + }, + + /** + * i18n support + */ + TRANSLATIONS : {}, + PLURAL_EXPR : function(n) { return n === 1 ? 0 : 1; }, + LOCALE : 'unknown', + + // gettext and ngettext don't access this so that the functions + // can safely bound to a different name (_ = Documentation.gettext) + gettext : function(string) { + var translated = Documentation.TRANSLATIONS[string]; + if (typeof translated === 'undefined') + return string; + return (typeof translated === 'string') ? translated : translated[0]; + }, + + ngettext : function(singular, plural, n) { + var translated = Documentation.TRANSLATIONS[singular]; + if (typeof translated === 'undefined') + return (n == 1) ? singular : plural; + return translated[Documentation.PLURALEXPR(n)]; + }, + + addTranslations : function(catalog) { + for (var key in catalog.messages) + this.TRANSLATIONS[key] = catalog.messages[key]; + this.PLURAL_EXPR = new Function('n', 'return +(' + catalog.plural_expr + ')'); + this.LOCALE = catalog.locale; + }, + + /** + * add context elements like header anchor links + */ + addContextElements : function() { + $('div[id] > :header:first').each(function() { + $('\u00B6'). + attr('href', '#' + this.id). + attr('title', _('Permalink to this headline')). + appendTo(this); + }); + $('dt[id]').each(function() { + $('\u00B6'). + attr('href', '#' + this.id). + attr('title', _('Permalink to this definition')). + appendTo(this); + }); + }, + + /** + * workaround a firefox stupidity + * see: https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=645075 + */ + fixFirefoxAnchorBug : function() { + if (document.location.hash && $.browser.mozilla) + window.setTimeout(function() { + document.location.href += ''; + }, 10); + }, + + /** + * highlight the search words provided in the url in the text + */ + highlightSearchWords : function() { + var params = $.getQueryParameters(); + var terms = (params.highlight) ? params.highlight[0].split(/\s+/) : []; + if (terms.length) { + var body = $('div.body'); + if (!body.length) { + body = $('body'); + } + window.setTimeout(function() { + $.each(terms, function() { + body.highlightText(this.toLowerCase(), 'highlighted'); + }); + }, 10); + $('') + .appendTo($('#searchbox')); + } + }, + + /** + * init the domain index toggle buttons + */ + initIndexTable : function() { + var togglers = $('img.toggler').click(function() { + var src = $(this).attr('src'); + var idnum = $(this).attr('id').substr(7); + $('tr.cg-' + idnum).toggle(); + if (src.substr(-9) === 'minus.png') + $(this).attr('src', src.substr(0, src.length-9) + 'plus.png'); + else + $(this).attr('src', src.substr(0, src.length-8) + 'minus.png'); + }).css('display', ''); + if (DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.COLLAPSE_INDEX) { + togglers.click(); + } + }, + + /** + * helper function to hide the search marks again + */ + hideSearchWords : function() { + $('#searchbox .highlight-link').fadeOut(300); + $('span.highlighted').removeClass('highlighted'); + var url = new URL(window.location); + url.searchParams.delete('highlight'); + window.history.replaceState({}, '', url); + }, + + /** + * helper function to focus on search bar + */ + focusSearchBar : function() { + $('input[name=q]').first().focus(); + }, + + /** + * make the url absolute + */ + makeURL : function(relativeURL) { + return DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.URL_ROOT + '/' + relativeURL; + }, + + /** + * get the current relative url + */ + getCurrentURL : function() { + var path = document.location.pathname; + var parts = path.split(/\//); + $.each(DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.URL_ROOT.split(/\//), function() { + if (this === '..') + parts.pop(); + }); + var url = parts.join('/'); + return path.substring(url.lastIndexOf('/') + 1, path.length - 1); + }, + + initOnKeyListeners: function() { + // only install a listener if it is really needed + if (!DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.NAVIGATION_WITH_KEYS && + !DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS) + return; + + $(document).keydown(function(event) { + var activeElementType = document.activeElement.tagName; + // don't navigate when in search box, textarea, dropdown or button + if (activeElementType !== 'TEXTAREA' && activeElementType !== 'INPUT' && activeElementType !== 'SELECT' + && activeElementType !== 'BUTTON') { + if (event.altKey || event.ctrlKey || event.metaKey) + return; + + if (!event.shiftKey) { + switch (event.key) { + case 'ArrowLeft': + if (!DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.NAVIGATION_WITH_KEYS) + break; + var prevHref = $('link[rel="prev"]').prop('href'); + if (prevHref) { + window.location.href = prevHref; + return false; + } + break; + case 'ArrowRight': + if (!DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.NAVIGATION_WITH_KEYS) + break; + var nextHref = $('link[rel="next"]').prop('href'); + if (nextHref) { + window.location.href = nextHref; + return false; + } + break; + case 'Escape': + if (!DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS) + break; + Documentation.hideSearchWords(); + return false; + } + } + + // some keyboard layouts may need Shift to get / + switch (event.key) { + case '/': + if (!DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS) + break; + Documentation.focusSearchBar(); + return false; + } + } + }); + } +}; + +// quick alias for translations +_ = Documentation.gettext; + +$(document).ready(function() { + Documentation.init(); +}); diff --git a/docs/book/_build/html/_static/documentation_options.js b/docs/book/_build/html/_static/documentation_options.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..877e3c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/book/_build/html/_static/documentation_options.js @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = { + URL_ROOT: document.getElementById("documentation_options").getAttribute('data-url_root'), + VERSION: '', + LANGUAGE: 'None', + COLLAPSE_INDEX: false, + BUILDER: 'html', + FILE_SUFFIX: '.html', + LINK_SUFFIX: '.html', + HAS_SOURCE: true, + SOURCELINK_SUFFIX: '', + NAVIGATION_WITH_KEYS: true, + SHOW_SEARCH_SUMMARY: true, + ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS: true, +}; \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/book/_build/html/_static/file.png b/docs/book/_build/html/_static/file.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a858a41 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/book/_build/html/_static/file.png differ diff --git a/docs/book/_build/html/_static/header.png b/docs/book/_build/html/_static/header.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..02f55d9 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/book/_build/html/_static/header.png differ diff --git a/docs/book/_build/html/_static/images/logo_binder.svg b/docs/book/_build/html/_static/images/logo_binder.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..45fecf7 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/book/_build/html/_static/images/logo_binder.svg @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ + + + + +logo + + + + + + + + diff --git a/docs/book/_build/html/_static/images/logo_colab.png b/docs/book/_build/html/_static/images/logo_colab.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b7560ec Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/book/_build/html/_static/images/logo_colab.png differ diff --git a/docs/book/_build/html/_static/images/logo_deepnote.svg b/docs/book/_build/html/_static/images/logo_deepnote.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fa77ebf --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/book/_build/html/_static/images/logo_deepnote.svg @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + diff --git a/docs/book/_build/html/_static/images/logo_jupyterhub.svg b/docs/book/_build/html/_static/images/logo_jupyterhub.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..60cfe9f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/book/_build/html/_static/images/logo_jupyterhub.svg @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +logo_jupyterhubHub diff --git a/docs/book/_build/html/_static/jquery-3.5.1.js b/docs/book/_build/html/_static/jquery-3.5.1.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5093733 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/book/_build/html/_static/jquery-3.5.1.js @@ -0,0 +1,10872 @@ +/*! + * jQuery JavaScript Library v3.5.1 + * https://jquery.com/ + * + * Includes Sizzle.js + * https://sizzlejs.com/ + * + * Copyright JS Foundation and other contributors + * Released under the MIT license + * https://jquery.org/license + * + * Date: 2020-05-04T22:49Z + */ +( function( global, factory ) { + + "use strict"; + + if ( typeof module === "object" && typeof module.exports === "object" ) { + + // For CommonJS and CommonJS-like environments where a proper `window` + // is present, execute the factory and get jQuery. + // For environments that do not have a `window` with a `document` + // (such as Node.js), expose a factory as module.exports. + // This accentuates the need for the creation of a real `window`. + // e.g. var jQuery = require("jquery")(window); + // See ticket #14549 for more info. + module.exports = global.document ? + factory( global, true ) : + function( w ) { + if ( !w.document ) { + throw new Error( "jQuery requires a window with a document" ); + } + return factory( w ); + }; + } else { + factory( global ); + } + +// Pass this if window is not defined yet +} )( typeof window !== "undefined" ? window : this, function( window, noGlobal ) { + +// Edge <= 12 - 13+, Firefox <=18 - 45+, IE 10 - 11, Safari 5.1 - 9+, iOS 6 - 9.1 +// throw exceptions when non-strict code (e.g., ASP.NET 4.5) accesses strict mode +// arguments.callee.caller (trac-13335). But as of jQuery 3.0 (2016), strict mode should be common +// enough that all such attempts are guarded in a try block. +"use strict"; + +var arr = []; + +var getProto = Object.getPrototypeOf; + +var slice = arr.slice; + +var flat = arr.flat ? function( array ) { + return arr.flat.call( array ); +} : function( array ) { + return arr.concat.apply( [], array ); +}; + + +var push = arr.push; + +var indexOf = arr.indexOf; + +var class2type = {}; + +var toString = class2type.toString; + +var hasOwn = class2type.hasOwnProperty; + +var fnToString = hasOwn.toString; + +var ObjectFunctionString = fnToString.call( Object ); + +var support = {}; + +var isFunction = function isFunction( obj ) { + + // Support: Chrome <=57, Firefox <=52 + // In some browsers, typeof returns "function" for HTML elements + // (i.e., `typeof document.createElement( "object" ) === "function"`). + // We don't want to classify *any* DOM node as a function. + return typeof obj === "function" && typeof obj.nodeType !== "number"; + }; + + +var isWindow = function isWindow( obj ) { + return obj != null && obj === obj.window; + }; + + +var document = window.document; + + + + var preservedScriptAttributes = { + type: true, + src: true, + nonce: true, + noModule: true + }; + + function DOMEval( code, node, doc ) { + doc = doc || document; + + var i, val, + script = doc.createElement( "script" ); + + script.text = code; + if ( node ) { + for ( i in preservedScriptAttributes ) { + + // Support: Firefox 64+, Edge 18+ + // Some browsers don't support the "nonce" property on scripts. + // On the other hand, just using `getAttribute` is not enough as + // the `nonce` attribute is reset to an empty string whenever it + // becomes browsing-context connected. + // See https://github.com/whatwg/html/issues/2369 + // See https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#nonce-attributes + // The `node.getAttribute` check was added for the sake of + // `jQuery.globalEval` so that it can fake a nonce-containing node + // via an object. + val = node[ i ] || node.getAttribute && node.getAttribute( i ); + if ( val ) { + script.setAttribute( i, val ); + } + } + } + doc.head.appendChild( script ).parentNode.removeChild( script ); + } + + +function toType( obj ) { + if ( obj == null ) { + return obj + ""; + } + + // Support: Android <=2.3 only (functionish RegExp) + return typeof obj === "object" || typeof obj === "function" ? + class2type[ toString.call( obj ) ] || "object" : + typeof obj; +} +/* global Symbol */ +// Defining this global in .eslintrc.json would create a danger of using the global +// unguarded in another place, it seems safer to define global only for this module + + + +var + version = "3.5.1", + + // Define a local copy of jQuery + jQuery = function( selector, context ) { + + // The jQuery object is actually just the init constructor 'enhanced' + // Need init if jQuery is called (just allow error to be thrown if not included) + return new jQuery.fn.init( selector, context ); + }; + +jQuery.fn = jQuery.prototype = { + + // The current version of jQuery being used + jquery: version, + + constructor: jQuery, + + // The default length of a jQuery object is 0 + length: 0, + + toArray: function() { + return slice.call( this ); + }, + + // Get the Nth element in the matched element set OR + // Get the whole matched element set as a clean array + get: function( num ) { + + // Return all the elements in a clean array + if ( num == null ) { + return slice.call( this ); + } + + // Return just the one element from the set + return num < 0 ? this[ num + this.length ] : this[ num ]; + }, + + // Take an array of elements and push it onto the stack + // (returning the new matched element set) + pushStack: function( elems ) { + + // Build a new jQuery matched element set + var ret = jQuery.merge( this.constructor(), elems ); + + // Add the old object onto the stack (as a reference) + ret.prevObject = this; + + // Return the newly-formed element set + return ret; + }, + + // Execute a callback for every element in the matched set. + each: function( callback ) { + return jQuery.each( this, callback ); + }, + + map: function( callback ) { + return this.pushStack( jQuery.map( this, function( elem, i ) { + return callback.call( elem, i, elem ); + } ) ); + }, + + slice: function() { + return this.pushStack( slice.apply( this, arguments ) ); + }, + + first: function() { + return this.eq( 0 ); + }, + + last: function() { + return this.eq( -1 ); + }, + + even: function() { + return this.pushStack( jQuery.grep( this, function( _elem, i ) { + return ( i + 1 ) % 2; + } ) ); + }, + + odd: function() { + return this.pushStack( jQuery.grep( this, function( _elem, i ) { + return i % 2; + } ) ); + }, + + eq: function( i ) { + var len = this.length, + j = +i + ( i < 0 ? len : 0 ); + return this.pushStack( j >= 0 && j < len ? [ this[ j ] ] : [] ); + }, + + end: function() { + return this.prevObject || this.constructor(); + }, + + // For internal use only. + // Behaves like an Array's method, not like a jQuery method. + push: push, + sort: arr.sort, + splice: arr.splice +}; + +jQuery.extend = jQuery.fn.extend = function() { + var options, name, src, copy, copyIsArray, clone, + target = arguments[ 0 ] || {}, + i = 1, + length = arguments.length, + deep = false; + + // Handle a deep copy situation + if ( typeof target === "boolean" ) { + deep = target; + + // Skip the boolean and the target + target = arguments[ i ] || {}; + i++; + } + + // Handle case when target is a string or something (possible in deep copy) + if ( typeof target !== "object" && !isFunction( target ) ) { + target = {}; + } + + // Extend jQuery itself if only one argument is passed + if ( i === length ) { + target = this; + i--; + } + + for ( ; i < length; i++ ) { + + // Only deal with non-null/undefined values + if ( ( options = arguments[ i ] ) != null ) { + + // Extend the base object + for ( name in options ) { + copy = options[ name ]; + + // Prevent Object.prototype pollution + // Prevent never-ending loop + if ( name === "__proto__" || target === copy ) { + continue; + } + + // Recurse if we're merging plain objects or arrays + if ( deep && copy && ( jQuery.isPlainObject( copy ) || + ( copyIsArray = Array.isArray( copy ) ) ) ) { + src = target[ name ]; + + // Ensure proper type for the source value + if ( copyIsArray && !Array.isArray( src ) ) { + clone = []; + } else if ( !copyIsArray && !jQuery.isPlainObject( src ) ) { + clone = {}; + } else { + clone = src; + } + copyIsArray = false; + + // Never move original objects, clone them + target[ name ] = jQuery.extend( deep, clone, copy ); + + // Don't bring in undefined values + } else if ( copy !== undefined ) { + target[ name ] = copy; + } + } + } + } + + // Return the modified object + return target; +}; + +jQuery.extend( { + + // Unique for each copy of jQuery on the page + expando: "jQuery" + ( version + Math.random() ).replace( /\D/g, "" ), + + // Assume jQuery is ready without the ready module + isReady: true, + + error: function( msg ) { + throw new Error( msg ); + }, + + noop: function() {}, + + isPlainObject: function( obj ) { + var proto, Ctor; + + // Detect obvious negatives + // Use toString instead of jQuery.type to catch host objects + if ( !obj || toString.call( obj ) !== "[object Object]" ) { + return false; + } + + proto = getProto( obj ); + + // Objects with no prototype (e.g., `Object.create( null )`) are plain + if ( !proto ) { + return true; + } + + // Objects with prototype are plain iff they were constructed by a global Object function + Ctor = hasOwn.call( proto, "constructor" ) && proto.constructor; + return typeof Ctor === "function" && fnToString.call( Ctor ) === ObjectFunctionString; + }, + + isEmptyObject: function( obj ) { + var name; + + for ( name in obj ) { + return false; + } + return true; + }, + + // Evaluates a script in a provided context; falls back to the global one + // if not specified. + globalEval: function( code, options, doc ) { + DOMEval( code, { nonce: options && options.nonce }, doc ); + }, + + each: function( obj, callback ) { + var length, i = 0; + + if ( isArrayLike( obj ) ) { + length = obj.length; + for ( ; i < length; i++ ) { + if ( callback.call( obj[ i ], i, obj[ i ] ) === false ) { + break; + } + } + } else { + for ( i in obj ) { + if ( callback.call( obj[ i ], i, obj[ i ] ) === false ) { + break; + } + } + } + + return obj; + }, + + // results is for internal usage only + makeArray: function( arr, results ) { + var ret = results || []; + + if ( arr != null ) { + if ( isArrayLike( Object( arr ) ) ) { + jQuery.merge( ret, + typeof arr === "string" ? + [ arr ] : arr + ); + } else { + push.call( ret, arr ); + } + } + + return ret; + }, + + inArray: function( elem, arr, i ) { + return arr == null ? -1 : indexOf.call( arr, elem, i ); + }, + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only + // push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit + merge: function( first, second ) { + var len = +second.length, + j = 0, + i = first.length; + + for ( ; j < len; j++ ) { + first[ i++ ] = second[ j ]; + } + + first.length = i; + + return first; + }, + + grep: function( elems, callback, invert ) { + var callbackInverse, + matches = [], + i = 0, + length = elems.length, + callbackExpect = !invert; + + // Go through the array, only saving the items + // that pass the validator function + for ( ; i < length; i++ ) { + callbackInverse = !callback( elems[ i ], i ); + if ( callbackInverse !== callbackExpect ) { + matches.push( elems[ i ] ); + } + } + + return matches; + }, + + // arg is for internal usage only + map: function( elems, callback, arg ) { + var length, value, + i = 0, + ret = []; + + // Go through the array, translating each of the items to their new values + if ( isArrayLike( elems ) ) { + length = elems.length; + for ( ; i < length; i++ ) { + value = callback( elems[ i ], i, arg ); + + if ( value != null ) { + ret.push( value ); + } + } + + // Go through every key on the object, + } else { + for ( i in elems ) { + value = callback( elems[ i ], i, arg ); + + if ( value != null ) { + ret.push( value ); + } + } + } + + // Flatten any nested arrays + return flat( ret ); + }, + + // A global GUID counter for objects + guid: 1, + + // jQuery.support is not used in Core but other projects attach their + // properties to it so it needs to exist. + support: support +} ); + +if ( typeof Symbol === "function" ) { + jQuery.fn[ Symbol.iterator ] = arr[ Symbol.iterator ]; +} + +// Populate the class2type map +jQuery.each( "Boolean Number String Function Array Date RegExp Object Error Symbol".split( " " ), +function( _i, name ) { + class2type[ "[object " + name + "]" ] = name.toLowerCase(); +} ); + +function isArrayLike( obj ) { + + // Support: real iOS 8.2 only (not reproducible in simulator) + // `in` check used to prevent JIT error (gh-2145) + // hasOwn isn't used here due to false negatives + // regarding Nodelist length in IE + var length = !!obj && "length" in obj && obj.length, + type = toType( obj ); + + if ( isFunction( obj ) || isWindow( obj ) ) { + return false; + } + + return type === "array" || length === 0 || + typeof length === "number" && length > 0 && ( length - 1 ) in obj; +} +var Sizzle = +/*! + * Sizzle CSS Selector Engine v2.3.5 + * https://sizzlejs.com/ + * + * Copyright JS Foundation and other contributors + * Released under the MIT license + * https://js.foundation/ + * + * Date: 2020-03-14 + */ +( function( window ) { +var i, + support, + Expr, + getText, + isXML, + tokenize, + compile, + select, + outermostContext, + sortInput, + hasDuplicate, + + // Local document vars + setDocument, + document, + docElem, + documentIsHTML, + rbuggyQSA, + rbuggyMatches, + matches, + contains, + + // Instance-specific data + expando = "sizzle" + 1 * new Date(), + preferredDoc = window.document, + dirruns = 0, + done = 0, + classCache = createCache(), + tokenCache = createCache(), + compilerCache = createCache(), + nonnativeSelectorCache = createCache(), + sortOrder = function( a, b ) { + if ( a === b ) { + hasDuplicate = true; + } + return 0; + }, + + // Instance methods + hasOwn = ( {} ).hasOwnProperty, + arr = [], + pop = arr.pop, + pushNative = arr.push, + push = arr.push, + slice = arr.slice, + + // Use a stripped-down indexOf as it's faster than native + // https://jsperf.com/thor-indexof-vs-for/5 + indexOf = function( list, elem ) { + var i = 0, + len = list.length; + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + if ( list[ i ] === elem ) { + return i; + } + } + return -1; + }, + + booleans = "checked|selected|async|autofocus|autoplay|controls|defer|disabled|hidden|" + + "ismap|loop|multiple|open|readonly|required|scoped", + + // Regular expressions + + // http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#whitespace + whitespace = "[\\x20\\t\\r\\n\\f]", + + // https://www.w3.org/TR/css-syntax-3/#ident-token-diagram + identifier = "(?:\\\\[\\da-fA-F]{1,6}" + whitespace + + "?|\\\\[^\\r\\n\\f]|[\\w-]|[^\0-\\x7f])+", + + // Attribute selectors: http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#attribute-selectors + attributes = "\\[" + whitespace + "*(" + identifier + ")(?:" + whitespace + + + // Operator (capture 2) + "*([*^$|!~]?=)" + whitespace + + + // "Attribute values must be CSS identifiers [capture 5] + // or strings [capture 3 or capture 4]" + "*(?:'((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\'])*)'|\"((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\\"])*)\"|(" + identifier + "))|)" + + whitespace + "*\\]", + + pseudos = ":(" + identifier + ")(?:\\((" + + + // To reduce the number of selectors needing tokenize in the preFilter, prefer arguments: + // 1. quoted (capture 3; capture 4 or capture 5) + "('((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\'])*)'|\"((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\\"])*)\")|" + + + // 2. simple (capture 6) + "((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\()[\\]]|" + attributes + ")*)|" + + + // 3. anything else (capture 2) + ".*" + + ")\\)|)", + + // Leading and non-escaped trailing whitespace, capturing some non-whitespace characters preceding the latter + rwhitespace = new RegExp( whitespace + "+", "g" ), + rtrim = new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "+|((?:^|[^\\\\])(?:\\\\.)*)" + + whitespace + "+$", "g" ), + + rcomma = new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "*," + whitespace + "*" ), + rcombinators = new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "*([>+~]|" + whitespace + ")" + whitespace + + "*" ), + rdescend = new RegExp( whitespace + "|>" ), + + rpseudo = new RegExp( pseudos ), + ridentifier = new RegExp( "^" + identifier + "$" ), + + matchExpr = { + "ID": new RegExp( "^#(" + identifier + ")" ), + "CLASS": new RegExp( "^\\.(" + identifier + ")" ), + "TAG": new RegExp( "^(" + identifier + "|[*])" ), + "ATTR": new RegExp( "^" + attributes ), + "PSEUDO": new RegExp( "^" + pseudos ), + "CHILD": new RegExp( "^:(only|first|last|nth|nth-last)-(child|of-type)(?:\\(" + + whitespace + "*(even|odd|(([+-]|)(\\d*)n|)" + whitespace + "*(?:([+-]|)" + + whitespace + "*(\\d+)|))" + whitespace + "*\\)|)", "i" ), + "bool": new RegExp( "^(?:" + booleans + ")$", "i" ), + + // For use in libraries implementing .is() + // We use this for POS matching in `select` + "needsContext": new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + + "*[>+~]|:(even|odd|eq|gt|lt|nth|first|last)(?:\\(" + whitespace + + "*((?:-\\d)?\\d*)" + whitespace + "*\\)|)(?=[^-]|$)", "i" ) + }, + + rhtml = /HTML$/i, + rinputs = /^(?:input|select|textarea|button)$/i, + rheader = /^h\d$/i, + + rnative = /^[^{]+\{\s*\[native \w/, + + // Easily-parseable/retrievable ID or TAG or CLASS selectors + rquickExpr = /^(?:#([\w-]+)|(\w+)|\.([\w-]+))$/, + + rsibling = /[+~]/, + + // CSS escapes + // http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/syndata.html#escaped-characters + runescape = new RegExp( "\\\\[\\da-fA-F]{1,6}" + whitespace + "?|\\\\([^\\r\\n\\f])", "g" ), + funescape = function( escape, nonHex ) { + var high = "0x" + escape.slice( 1 ) - 0x10000; + + return nonHex ? + + // Strip the backslash prefix from a non-hex escape sequence + nonHex : + + // Replace a hexadecimal escape sequence with the encoded Unicode code point + // Support: IE <=11+ + // For values outside the Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP), manually construct a + // surrogate pair + high < 0 ? + String.fromCharCode( high + 0x10000 ) : + String.fromCharCode( high >> 10 | 0xD800, high & 0x3FF | 0xDC00 ); + }, + + // CSS string/identifier serialization + // https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom/#common-serializing-idioms + rcssescape = /([\0-\x1f\x7f]|^-?\d)|^-$|[^\0-\x1f\x7f-\uFFFF\w-]/g, + fcssescape = function( ch, asCodePoint ) { + if ( asCodePoint ) { + + // U+0000 NULL becomes U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER + if ( ch === "\0" ) { + return "\uFFFD"; + } + + // Control characters and (dependent upon position) numbers get escaped as code points + return ch.slice( 0, -1 ) + "\\" + + ch.charCodeAt( ch.length - 1 ).toString( 16 ) + " "; + } + + // Other potentially-special ASCII characters get backslash-escaped + return "\\" + ch; + }, + + // Used for iframes + // See setDocument() + // Removing the function wrapper causes a "Permission Denied" + // error in IE + unloadHandler = function() { + setDocument(); + }, + + inDisabledFieldset = addCombinator( + function( elem ) { + return elem.disabled === true && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === "fieldset"; + }, + { dir: "parentNode", next: "legend" } + ); + +// Optimize for push.apply( _, NodeList ) +try { + push.apply( + ( arr = slice.call( preferredDoc.childNodes ) ), + preferredDoc.childNodes + ); + + // Support: Android<4.0 + // Detect silently failing push.apply + // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-expressions + arr[ preferredDoc.childNodes.length ].nodeType; +} catch ( e ) { + push = { apply: arr.length ? + + // Leverage slice if possible + function( target, els ) { + pushNative.apply( target, slice.call( els ) ); + } : + + // Support: IE<9 + // Otherwise append directly + function( target, els ) { + var j = target.length, + i = 0; + + // Can't trust NodeList.length + while ( ( target[ j++ ] = els[ i++ ] ) ) {} + target.length = j - 1; + } + }; +} + +function Sizzle( selector, context, results, seed ) { + var m, i, elem, nid, match, groups, newSelector, + newContext = context && context.ownerDocument, + + // nodeType defaults to 9, since context defaults to document + nodeType = context ? context.nodeType : 9; + + results = results || []; + + // Return early from calls with invalid selector or context + if ( typeof selector !== "string" || !selector || + nodeType !== 1 && nodeType !== 9 && nodeType !== 11 ) { + + return results; + } + + // Try to shortcut find operations (as opposed to filters) in HTML documents + if ( !seed ) { + setDocument( context ); + context = context || document; + + if ( documentIsHTML ) { + + // If the selector is sufficiently simple, try using a "get*By*" DOM method + // (excepting DocumentFragment context, where the methods don't exist) + if ( nodeType !== 11 && ( match = rquickExpr.exec( selector ) ) ) { + + // ID selector + if ( ( m = match[ 1 ] ) ) { + + // Document context + if ( nodeType === 9 ) { + if ( ( elem = context.getElementById( m ) ) ) { + + // Support: IE, Opera, Webkit + // TODO: identify versions + // getElementById can match elements by name instead of ID + if ( elem.id === m ) { + results.push( elem ); + return results; + } + } else { + return results; + } + + // Element context + } else { + + // Support: IE, Opera, Webkit + // TODO: identify versions + // getElementById can match elements by name instead of ID + if ( newContext && ( elem = newContext.getElementById( m ) ) && + contains( context, elem ) && + elem.id === m ) { + + results.push( elem ); + return results; + } + } + + // Type selector + } else if ( match[ 2 ] ) { + push.apply( results, context.getElementsByTagName( selector ) ); + return results; + + // Class selector + } else if ( ( m = match[ 3 ] ) && support.getElementsByClassName && + context.getElementsByClassName ) { + + push.apply( results, context.getElementsByClassName( m ) ); + return results; + } + } + + // Take advantage of querySelectorAll + if ( support.qsa && + !nonnativeSelectorCache[ selector + " " ] && + ( !rbuggyQSA || !rbuggyQSA.test( selector ) ) && + + // Support: IE 8 only + // Exclude object elements + ( nodeType !== 1 || context.nodeName.toLowerCase() !== "object" ) ) { + + newSelector = selector; + newContext = context; + + // qSA considers elements outside a scoping root when evaluating child or + // descendant combinators, which is not what we want. + // In such cases, we work around the behavior by prefixing every selector in the + // list with an ID selector referencing the scope context. + // The technique has to be used as well when a leading combinator is used + // as such selectors are not recognized by querySelectorAll. + // Thanks to Andrew Dupont for this technique. + if ( nodeType === 1 && + ( rdescend.test( selector ) || rcombinators.test( selector ) ) ) { + + // Expand context for sibling selectors + newContext = rsibling.test( selector ) && testContext( context.parentNode ) || + context; + + // We can use :scope instead of the ID hack if the browser + // supports it & if we're not changing the context. + if ( newContext !== context || !support.scope ) { + + // Capture the context ID, setting it first if necessary + if ( ( nid = context.getAttribute( "id" ) ) ) { + nid = nid.replace( rcssescape, fcssescape ); + } else { + context.setAttribute( "id", ( nid = expando ) ); + } + } + + // Prefix every selector in the list + groups = tokenize( selector ); + i = groups.length; + while ( i-- ) { + groups[ i ] = ( nid ? "#" + nid : ":scope" ) + " " + + toSelector( groups[ i ] ); + } + newSelector = groups.join( "," ); + } + + try { + push.apply( results, + newContext.querySelectorAll( newSelector ) + ); + return results; + } catch ( qsaError ) { + nonnativeSelectorCache( selector, true ); + } finally { + if ( nid === expando ) { + context.removeAttribute( "id" ); + } + } + } + } + } + + // All others + return select( selector.replace( rtrim, "$1" ), context, results, seed ); +} + +/** + * Create key-value caches of limited size + * @returns {function(string, object)} Returns the Object data after storing it on itself with + * property name the (space-suffixed) string and (if the cache is larger than Expr.cacheLength) + * deleting the oldest entry + */ +function createCache() { + var keys = []; + + function cache( key, value ) { + + // Use (key + " ") to avoid collision with native prototype properties (see Issue #157) + if ( keys.push( key + " " ) > Expr.cacheLength ) { + + // Only keep the most recent entries + delete cache[ keys.shift() ]; + } + return ( cache[ key + " " ] = value ); + } + return cache; +} + +/** + * Mark a function for special use by Sizzle + * @param {Function} fn The function to mark + */ +function markFunction( fn ) { + fn[ expando ] = true; + return fn; +} + +/** + * Support testing using an element + * @param {Function} fn Passed the created element and returns a boolean result + */ +function assert( fn ) { + var el = document.createElement( "fieldset" ); + + try { + return !!fn( el ); + } catch ( e ) { + return false; + } finally { + + // Remove from its parent by default + if ( el.parentNode ) { + el.parentNode.removeChild( el ); + } + + // release memory in IE + el = null; + } +} + +/** + * Adds the same handler for all of the specified attrs + * @param {String} attrs Pipe-separated list of attributes + * @param {Function} handler The method that will be applied + */ +function addHandle( attrs, handler ) { + var arr = attrs.split( "|" ), + i = arr.length; + + while ( i-- ) { + Expr.attrHandle[ arr[ i ] ] = handler; + } +} + +/** + * Checks document order of two siblings + * @param {Element} a + * @param {Element} b + * @returns {Number} Returns less than 0 if a precedes b, greater than 0 if a follows b + */ +function siblingCheck( a, b ) { + var cur = b && a, + diff = cur && a.nodeType === 1 && b.nodeType === 1 && + a.sourceIndex - b.sourceIndex; + + // Use IE sourceIndex if available on both nodes + if ( diff ) { + return diff; + } + + // Check if b follows a + if ( cur ) { + while ( ( cur = cur.nextSibling ) ) { + if ( cur === b ) { + return -1; + } + } + } + + return a ? 1 : -1; +} + +/** + * Returns a function to use in pseudos for input types + * @param {String} type + */ +function createInputPseudo( type ) { + return function( elem ) { + var name = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(); + return name === "input" && elem.type === type; + }; +} + +/** + * Returns a function to use in pseudos for buttons + * @param {String} type + */ +function createButtonPseudo( type ) { + return function( elem ) { + var name = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(); + return ( name === "input" || name === "button" ) && elem.type === type; + }; +} + +/** + * Returns a function to use in pseudos for :enabled/:disabled + * @param {Boolean} disabled true for :disabled; false for :enabled + */ +function createDisabledPseudo( disabled ) { + + // Known :disabled false positives: fieldset[disabled] > legend:nth-of-type(n+2) :can-disable + return function( elem ) { + + // Only certain elements can match :enabled or :disabled + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/scripting.html#selector-enabled + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/scripting.html#selector-disabled + if ( "form" in elem ) { + + // Check for inherited disabledness on relevant non-disabled elements: + // * listed form-associated elements in a disabled fieldset + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html#category-listed + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html#concept-fe-disabled + // * option elements in a disabled optgroup + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html#concept-option-disabled + // All such elements have a "form" property. + if ( elem.parentNode && elem.disabled === false ) { + + // Option elements defer to a parent optgroup if present + if ( "label" in elem ) { + if ( "label" in elem.parentNode ) { + return elem.parentNode.disabled === disabled; + } else { + return elem.disabled === disabled; + } + } + + // Support: IE 6 - 11 + // Use the isDisabled shortcut property to check for disabled fieldset ancestors + return elem.isDisabled === disabled || + + // Where there is no isDisabled, check manually + /* jshint -W018 */ + elem.isDisabled !== !disabled && + inDisabledFieldset( elem ) === disabled; + } + + return elem.disabled === disabled; + + // Try to winnow out elements that can't be disabled before trusting the disabled property. + // Some victims get caught in our net (label, legend, menu, track), but it shouldn't + // even exist on them, let alone have a boolean value. + } else if ( "label" in elem ) { + return elem.disabled === disabled; + } + + // Remaining elements are neither :enabled nor :disabled + return false; + }; +} + +/** + * Returns a function to use in pseudos for positionals + * @param {Function} fn + */ +function createPositionalPseudo( fn ) { + return markFunction( function( argument ) { + argument = +argument; + return markFunction( function( seed, matches ) { + var j, + matchIndexes = fn( [], seed.length, argument ), + i = matchIndexes.length; + + // Match elements found at the specified indexes + while ( i-- ) { + if ( seed[ ( j = matchIndexes[ i ] ) ] ) { + seed[ j ] = !( matches[ j ] = seed[ j ] ); + } + } + } ); + } ); +} + +/** + * Checks a node for validity as a Sizzle context + * @param {Element|Object=} context + * @returns {Element|Object|Boolean} The input node if acceptable, otherwise a falsy value + */ +function testContext( context ) { + return context && typeof context.getElementsByTagName !== "undefined" && context; +} + +// Expose support vars for convenience +support = Sizzle.support = {}; + +/** + * Detects XML nodes + * @param {Element|Object} elem An element or a document + * @returns {Boolean} True iff elem is a non-HTML XML node + */ +isXML = Sizzle.isXML = function( elem ) { + var namespace = elem.namespaceURI, + docElem = ( elem.ownerDocument || elem ).documentElement; + + // Support: IE <=8 + // Assume HTML when documentElement doesn't yet exist, such as inside loading iframes + // https://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/4833 + return !rhtml.test( namespace || docElem && docElem.nodeName || "HTML" ); +}; + +/** + * Sets document-related variables once based on the current document + * @param {Element|Object} [doc] An element or document object to use to set the document + * @returns {Object} Returns the current document + */ +setDocument = Sizzle.setDocument = function( node ) { + var hasCompare, subWindow, + doc = node ? node.ownerDocument || node : preferredDoc; + + // Return early if doc is invalid or already selected + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( doc == document || doc.nodeType !== 9 || !doc.documentElement ) { + return document; + } + + // Update global variables + document = doc; + docElem = document.documentElement; + documentIsHTML = !isXML( document ); + + // Support: IE 9 - 11+, Edge 12 - 18+ + // Accessing iframe documents after unload throws "permission denied" errors (jQuery #13936) + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( preferredDoc != document && + ( subWindow = document.defaultView ) && subWindow.top !== subWindow ) { + + // Support: IE 11, Edge + if ( subWindow.addEventListener ) { + subWindow.addEventListener( "unload", unloadHandler, false ); + + // Support: IE 9 - 10 only + } else if ( subWindow.attachEvent ) { + subWindow.attachEvent( "onunload", unloadHandler ); + } + } + + // Support: IE 8 - 11+, Edge 12 - 18+, Chrome <=16 - 25 only, Firefox <=3.6 - 31 only, + // Safari 4 - 5 only, Opera <=11.6 - 12.x only + // IE/Edge & older browsers don't support the :scope pseudo-class. + // Support: Safari 6.0 only + // Safari 6.0 supports :scope but it's an alias of :root there. + support.scope = assert( function( el ) { + docElem.appendChild( el ).appendChild( document.createElement( "div" ) ); + return typeof el.querySelectorAll !== "undefined" && + !el.querySelectorAll( ":scope fieldset div" ).length; + } ); + + /* Attributes + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ + + // Support: IE<8 + // Verify that getAttribute really returns attributes and not properties + // (excepting IE8 booleans) + support.attributes = assert( function( el ) { + el.className = "i"; + return !el.getAttribute( "className" ); + } ); + + /* getElement(s)By* + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ + + // Check if getElementsByTagName("*") returns only elements + support.getElementsByTagName = assert( function( el ) { + el.appendChild( document.createComment( "" ) ); + return !el.getElementsByTagName( "*" ).length; + } ); + + // Support: IE<9 + support.getElementsByClassName = rnative.test( document.getElementsByClassName ); + + // Support: IE<10 + // Check if getElementById returns elements by name + // The broken getElementById methods don't pick up programmatically-set names, + // so use a roundabout getElementsByName test + support.getById = assert( function( el ) { + docElem.appendChild( el ).id = expando; + return !document.getElementsByName || !document.getElementsByName( expando ).length; + } ); + + // ID filter and find + if ( support.getById ) { + Expr.filter[ "ID" ] = function( id ) { + var attrId = id.replace( runescape, funescape ); + return function( elem ) { + return elem.getAttribute( "id" ) === attrId; + }; + }; + Expr.find[ "ID" ] = function( id, context ) { + if ( typeof context.getElementById !== "undefined" && documentIsHTML ) { + var elem = context.getElementById( id ); + return elem ? [ elem ] : []; + } + }; + } else { + Expr.filter[ "ID" ] = function( id ) { + var attrId = id.replace( runescape, funescape ); + return function( elem ) { + var node = typeof elem.getAttributeNode !== "undefined" && + elem.getAttributeNode( "id" ); + return node && node.value === attrId; + }; + }; + + // Support: IE 6 - 7 only + // getElementById is not reliable as a find shortcut + Expr.find[ "ID" ] = function( id, context ) { + if ( typeof context.getElementById !== "undefined" && documentIsHTML ) { + var node, i, elems, + elem = context.getElementById( id ); + + if ( elem ) { + + // Verify the id attribute + node = elem.getAttributeNode( "id" ); + if ( node && node.value === id ) { + return [ elem ]; + } + + // Fall back on getElementsByName + elems = context.getElementsByName( id ); + i = 0; + while ( ( elem = elems[ i++ ] ) ) { + node = elem.getAttributeNode( "id" ); + if ( node && node.value === id ) { + return [ elem ]; + } + } + } + + return []; + } + }; + } + + // Tag + Expr.find[ "TAG" ] = support.getElementsByTagName ? + function( tag, context ) { + if ( typeof context.getElementsByTagName !== "undefined" ) { + return context.getElementsByTagName( tag ); + + // DocumentFragment nodes don't have gEBTN + } else if ( support.qsa ) { + return context.querySelectorAll( tag ); + } + } : + + function( tag, context ) { + var elem, + tmp = [], + i = 0, + + // By happy coincidence, a (broken) gEBTN appears on DocumentFragment nodes too + results = context.getElementsByTagName( tag ); + + // Filter out possible comments + if ( tag === "*" ) { + while ( ( elem = results[ i++ ] ) ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + tmp.push( elem ); + } + } + + return tmp; + } + return results; + }; + + // Class + Expr.find[ "CLASS" ] = support.getElementsByClassName && function( className, context ) { + if ( typeof context.getElementsByClassName !== "undefined" && documentIsHTML ) { + return context.getElementsByClassName( className ); + } + }; + + /* QSA/matchesSelector + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ + + // QSA and matchesSelector support + + // matchesSelector(:active) reports false when true (IE9/Opera 11.5) + rbuggyMatches = []; + + // qSa(:focus) reports false when true (Chrome 21) + // We allow this because of a bug in IE8/9 that throws an error + // whenever `document.activeElement` is accessed on an iframe + // So, we allow :focus to pass through QSA all the time to avoid the IE error + // See https://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/13378 + rbuggyQSA = []; + + if ( ( support.qsa = rnative.test( document.querySelectorAll ) ) ) { + + // Build QSA regex + // Regex strategy adopted from Diego Perini + assert( function( el ) { + + var input; + + // Select is set to empty string on purpose + // This is to test IE's treatment of not explicitly + // setting a boolean content attribute, + // since its presence should be enough + // https://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/12359 + docElem.appendChild( el ).innerHTML = "" + + ""; + + // Support: IE8, Opera 11-12.16 + // Nothing should be selected when empty strings follow ^= or $= or *= + // The test attribute must be unknown in Opera but "safe" for WinRT + // https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/hh465388.aspx#attribute_section + if ( el.querySelectorAll( "[msallowcapture^='']" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( "[*^$]=" + whitespace + "*(?:''|\"\")" ); + } + + // Support: IE8 + // Boolean attributes and "value" are not treated correctly + if ( !el.querySelectorAll( "[selected]" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( "\\[" + whitespace + "*(?:value|" + booleans + ")" ); + } + + // Support: Chrome<29, Android<4.4, Safari<7.0+, iOS<7.0+, PhantomJS<1.9.8+ + if ( !el.querySelectorAll( "[id~=" + expando + "-]" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( "~=" ); + } + + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 15 - 18+ + // IE 11/Edge don't find elements on a `[name='']` query in some cases. + // Adding a temporary attribute to the document before the selection works + // around the issue. + // Interestingly, IE 10 & older don't seem to have the issue. + input = document.createElement( "input" ); + input.setAttribute( "name", "" ); + el.appendChild( input ); + if ( !el.querySelectorAll( "[name='']" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( "\\[" + whitespace + "*name" + whitespace + "*=" + + whitespace + "*(?:''|\"\")" ); + } + + // Webkit/Opera - :checked should return selected option elements + // http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-css3-selectors-20110929/#checked + // IE8 throws error here and will not see later tests + if ( !el.querySelectorAll( ":checked" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( ":checked" ); + } + + // Support: Safari 8+, iOS 8+ + // https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=136851 + // In-page `selector#id sibling-combinator selector` fails + if ( !el.querySelectorAll( "a#" + expando + "+*" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( ".#.+[+~]" ); + } + + // Support: Firefox <=3.6 - 5 only + // Old Firefox doesn't throw on a badly-escaped identifier. + el.querySelectorAll( "\\\f" ); + rbuggyQSA.push( "[\\r\\n\\f]" ); + } ); + + assert( function( el ) { + el.innerHTML = "" + + ""; + + // Support: Windows 8 Native Apps + // The type and name attributes are restricted during .innerHTML assignment + var input = document.createElement( "input" ); + input.setAttribute( "type", "hidden" ); + el.appendChild( input ).setAttribute( "name", "D" ); + + // Support: IE8 + // Enforce case-sensitivity of name attribute + if ( el.querySelectorAll( "[name=d]" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( "name" + whitespace + "*[*^$|!~]?=" ); + } + + // FF 3.5 - :enabled/:disabled and hidden elements (hidden elements are still enabled) + // IE8 throws error here and will not see later tests + if ( el.querySelectorAll( ":enabled" ).length !== 2 ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( ":enabled", ":disabled" ); + } + + // Support: IE9-11+ + // IE's :disabled selector does not pick up the children of disabled fieldsets + docElem.appendChild( el ).disabled = true; + if ( el.querySelectorAll( ":disabled" ).length !== 2 ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( ":enabled", ":disabled" ); + } + + // Support: Opera 10 - 11 only + // Opera 10-11 does not throw on post-comma invalid pseudos + el.querySelectorAll( "*,:x" ); + rbuggyQSA.push( ",.*:" ); + } ); + } + + if ( ( support.matchesSelector = rnative.test( ( matches = docElem.matches || + docElem.webkitMatchesSelector || + docElem.mozMatchesSelector || + docElem.oMatchesSelector || + docElem.msMatchesSelector ) ) ) ) { + + assert( function( el ) { + + // Check to see if it's possible to do matchesSelector + // on a disconnected node (IE 9) + support.disconnectedMatch = matches.call( el, "*" ); + + // This should fail with an exception + // Gecko does not error, returns false instead + matches.call( el, "[s!='']:x" ); + rbuggyMatches.push( "!=", pseudos ); + } ); + } + + rbuggyQSA = rbuggyQSA.length && new RegExp( rbuggyQSA.join( "|" ) ); + rbuggyMatches = rbuggyMatches.length && new RegExp( rbuggyMatches.join( "|" ) ); + + /* Contains + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ + hasCompare = rnative.test( docElem.compareDocumentPosition ); + + // Element contains another + // Purposefully self-exclusive + // As in, an element does not contain itself + contains = hasCompare || rnative.test( docElem.contains ) ? + function( a, b ) { + var adown = a.nodeType === 9 ? a.documentElement : a, + bup = b && b.parentNode; + return a === bup || !!( bup && bup.nodeType === 1 && ( + adown.contains ? + adown.contains( bup ) : + a.compareDocumentPosition && a.compareDocumentPosition( bup ) & 16 + ) ); + } : + function( a, b ) { + if ( b ) { + while ( ( b = b.parentNode ) ) { + if ( b === a ) { + return true; + } + } + } + return false; + }; + + /* Sorting + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ + + // Document order sorting + sortOrder = hasCompare ? + function( a, b ) { + + // Flag for duplicate removal + if ( a === b ) { + hasDuplicate = true; + return 0; + } + + // Sort on method existence if only one input has compareDocumentPosition + var compare = !a.compareDocumentPosition - !b.compareDocumentPosition; + if ( compare ) { + return compare; + } + + // Calculate position if both inputs belong to the same document + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + compare = ( a.ownerDocument || a ) == ( b.ownerDocument || b ) ? + a.compareDocumentPosition( b ) : + + // Otherwise we know they are disconnected + 1; + + // Disconnected nodes + if ( compare & 1 || + ( !support.sortDetached && b.compareDocumentPosition( a ) === compare ) ) { + + // Choose the first element that is related to our preferred document + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( a == document || a.ownerDocument == preferredDoc && + contains( preferredDoc, a ) ) { + return -1; + } + + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( b == document || b.ownerDocument == preferredDoc && + contains( preferredDoc, b ) ) { + return 1; + } + + // Maintain original order + return sortInput ? + ( indexOf( sortInput, a ) - indexOf( sortInput, b ) ) : + 0; + } + + return compare & 4 ? -1 : 1; + } : + function( a, b ) { + + // Exit early if the nodes are identical + if ( a === b ) { + hasDuplicate = true; + return 0; + } + + var cur, + i = 0, + aup = a.parentNode, + bup = b.parentNode, + ap = [ a ], + bp = [ b ]; + + // Parentless nodes are either documents or disconnected + if ( !aup || !bup ) { + + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + /* eslint-disable eqeqeq */ + return a == document ? -1 : + b == document ? 1 : + /* eslint-enable eqeqeq */ + aup ? -1 : + bup ? 1 : + sortInput ? + ( indexOf( sortInput, a ) - indexOf( sortInput, b ) ) : + 0; + + // If the nodes are siblings, we can do a quick check + } else if ( aup === bup ) { + return siblingCheck( a, b ); + } + + // Otherwise we need full lists of their ancestors for comparison + cur = a; + while ( ( cur = cur.parentNode ) ) { + ap.unshift( cur ); + } + cur = b; + while ( ( cur = cur.parentNode ) ) { + bp.unshift( cur ); + } + + // Walk down the tree looking for a discrepancy + while ( ap[ i ] === bp[ i ] ) { + i++; + } + + return i ? + + // Do a sibling check if the nodes have a common ancestor + siblingCheck( ap[ i ], bp[ i ] ) : + + // Otherwise nodes in our document sort first + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + /* eslint-disable eqeqeq */ + ap[ i ] == preferredDoc ? -1 : + bp[ i ] == preferredDoc ? 1 : + /* eslint-enable eqeqeq */ + 0; + }; + + return document; +}; + +Sizzle.matches = function( expr, elements ) { + return Sizzle( expr, null, null, elements ); +}; + +Sizzle.matchesSelector = function( elem, expr ) { + setDocument( elem ); + + if ( support.matchesSelector && documentIsHTML && + !nonnativeSelectorCache[ expr + " " ] && + ( !rbuggyMatches || !rbuggyMatches.test( expr ) ) && + ( !rbuggyQSA || !rbuggyQSA.test( expr ) ) ) { + + try { + var ret = matches.call( elem, expr ); + + // IE 9's matchesSelector returns false on disconnected nodes + if ( ret || support.disconnectedMatch || + + // As well, disconnected nodes are said to be in a document + // fragment in IE 9 + elem.document && elem.document.nodeType !== 11 ) { + return ret; + } + } catch ( e ) { + nonnativeSelectorCache( expr, true ); + } + } + + return Sizzle( expr, document, null, [ elem ] ).length > 0; +}; + +Sizzle.contains = function( context, elem ) { + + // Set document vars if needed + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( ( context.ownerDocument || context ) != document ) { + setDocument( context ); + } + return contains( context, elem ); +}; + +Sizzle.attr = function( elem, name ) { + + // Set document vars if needed + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( ( elem.ownerDocument || elem ) != document ) { + setDocument( elem ); + } + + var fn = Expr.attrHandle[ name.toLowerCase() ], + + // Don't get fooled by Object.prototype properties (jQuery #13807) + val = fn && hasOwn.call( Expr.attrHandle, name.toLowerCase() ) ? + fn( elem, name, !documentIsHTML ) : + undefined; + + return val !== undefined ? + val : + support.attributes || !documentIsHTML ? + elem.getAttribute( name ) : + ( val = elem.getAttributeNode( name ) ) && val.specified ? + val.value : + null; +}; + +Sizzle.escape = function( sel ) { + return ( sel + "" ).replace( rcssescape, fcssescape ); +}; + +Sizzle.error = function( msg ) { + throw new Error( "Syntax error, unrecognized expression: " + msg ); +}; + +/** + * Document sorting and removing duplicates + * @param {ArrayLike} results + */ +Sizzle.uniqueSort = function( results ) { + var elem, + duplicates = [], + j = 0, + i = 0; + + // Unless we *know* we can detect duplicates, assume their presence + hasDuplicate = !support.detectDuplicates; + sortInput = !support.sortStable && results.slice( 0 ); + results.sort( sortOrder ); + + if ( hasDuplicate ) { + while ( ( elem = results[ i++ ] ) ) { + if ( elem === results[ i ] ) { + j = duplicates.push( i ); + } + } + while ( j-- ) { + results.splice( duplicates[ j ], 1 ); + } + } + + // Clear input after sorting to release objects + // See https://github.com/jquery/sizzle/pull/225 + sortInput = null; + + return results; +}; + +/** + * Utility function for retrieving the text value of an array of DOM nodes + * @param {Array|Element} elem + */ +getText = Sizzle.getText = function( elem ) { + var node, + ret = "", + i = 0, + nodeType = elem.nodeType; + + if ( !nodeType ) { + + // If no nodeType, this is expected to be an array + while ( ( node = elem[ i++ ] ) ) { + + // Do not traverse comment nodes + ret += getText( node ); + } + } else if ( nodeType === 1 || nodeType === 9 || nodeType === 11 ) { + + // Use textContent for elements + // innerText usage removed for consistency of new lines (jQuery #11153) + if ( typeof elem.textContent === "string" ) { + return elem.textContent; + } else { + + // Traverse its children + for ( elem = elem.firstChild; elem; elem = elem.nextSibling ) { + ret += getText( elem ); + } + } + } else if ( nodeType === 3 || nodeType === 4 ) { + return elem.nodeValue; + } + + // Do not include comment or processing instruction nodes + + return ret; +}; + +Expr = Sizzle.selectors = { + + // Can be adjusted by the user + cacheLength: 50, + + createPseudo: markFunction, + + match: matchExpr, + + attrHandle: {}, + + find: {}, + + relative: { + ">": { dir: "parentNode", first: true }, + " ": { dir: "parentNode" }, + "+": { dir: "previousSibling", first: true }, + "~": { dir: "previousSibling" } + }, + + preFilter: { + "ATTR": function( match ) { + match[ 1 ] = match[ 1 ].replace( runescape, funescape ); + + // Move the given value to match[3] whether quoted or unquoted + match[ 3 ] = ( match[ 3 ] || match[ 4 ] || + match[ 5 ] || "" ).replace( runescape, funescape ); + + if ( match[ 2 ] === "~=" ) { + match[ 3 ] = " " + match[ 3 ] + " "; + } + + return match.slice( 0, 4 ); + }, + + "CHILD": function( match ) { + + /* matches from matchExpr["CHILD"] + 1 type (only|nth|...) + 2 what (child|of-type) + 3 argument (even|odd|\d*|\d*n([+-]\d+)?|...) + 4 xn-component of xn+y argument ([+-]?\d*n|) + 5 sign of xn-component + 6 x of xn-component + 7 sign of y-component + 8 y of y-component + */ + match[ 1 ] = match[ 1 ].toLowerCase(); + + if ( match[ 1 ].slice( 0, 3 ) === "nth" ) { + + // nth-* requires argument + if ( !match[ 3 ] ) { + Sizzle.error( match[ 0 ] ); + } + + // numeric x and y parameters for Expr.filter.CHILD + // remember that false/true cast respectively to 0/1 + match[ 4 ] = +( match[ 4 ] ? + match[ 5 ] + ( match[ 6 ] || 1 ) : + 2 * ( match[ 3 ] === "even" || match[ 3 ] === "odd" ) ); + match[ 5 ] = +( ( match[ 7 ] + match[ 8 ] ) || match[ 3 ] === "odd" ); + + // other types prohibit arguments + } else if ( match[ 3 ] ) { + Sizzle.error( match[ 0 ] ); + } + + return match; + }, + + "PSEUDO": function( match ) { + var excess, + unquoted = !match[ 6 ] && match[ 2 ]; + + if ( matchExpr[ "CHILD" ].test( match[ 0 ] ) ) { + return null; + } + + // Accept quoted arguments as-is + if ( match[ 3 ] ) { + match[ 2 ] = match[ 4 ] || match[ 5 ] || ""; + + // Strip excess characters from unquoted arguments + } else if ( unquoted && rpseudo.test( unquoted ) && + + // Get excess from tokenize (recursively) + ( excess = tokenize( unquoted, true ) ) && + + // advance to the next closing parenthesis + ( excess = unquoted.indexOf( ")", unquoted.length - excess ) - unquoted.length ) ) { + + // excess is a negative index + match[ 0 ] = match[ 0 ].slice( 0, excess ); + match[ 2 ] = unquoted.slice( 0, excess ); + } + + // Return only captures needed by the pseudo filter method (type and argument) + return match.slice( 0, 3 ); + } + }, + + filter: { + + "TAG": function( nodeNameSelector ) { + var nodeName = nodeNameSelector.replace( runescape, funescape ).toLowerCase(); + return nodeNameSelector === "*" ? + function() { + return true; + } : + function( elem ) { + return elem.nodeName && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === nodeName; + }; + }, + + "CLASS": function( className ) { + var pattern = classCache[ className + " " ]; + + return pattern || + ( pattern = new RegExp( "(^|" + whitespace + + ")" + className + "(" + whitespace + "|$)" ) ) && classCache( + className, function( elem ) { + return pattern.test( + typeof elem.className === "string" && elem.className || + typeof elem.getAttribute !== "undefined" && + elem.getAttribute( "class" ) || + "" + ); + } ); + }, + + "ATTR": function( name, operator, check ) { + return function( elem ) { + var result = Sizzle.attr( elem, name ); + + if ( result == null ) { + return operator === "!="; + } + if ( !operator ) { + return true; + } + + result += ""; + + /* eslint-disable max-len */ + + return operator === "=" ? result === check : + operator === "!=" ? result !== check : + operator === "^=" ? check && result.indexOf( check ) === 0 : + operator === "*=" ? check && result.indexOf( check ) > -1 : + operator === "$=" ? check && result.slice( -check.length ) === check : + operator === "~=" ? ( " " + result.replace( rwhitespace, " " ) + " " ).indexOf( check ) > -1 : + operator === "|=" ? result === check || result.slice( 0, check.length + 1 ) === check + "-" : + false; + /* eslint-enable max-len */ + + }; + }, + + "CHILD": function( type, what, _argument, first, last ) { + var simple = type.slice( 0, 3 ) !== "nth", + forward = type.slice( -4 ) !== "last", + ofType = what === "of-type"; + + return first === 1 && last === 0 ? + + // Shortcut for :nth-*(n) + function( elem ) { + return !!elem.parentNode; + } : + + function( elem, _context, xml ) { + var cache, uniqueCache, outerCache, node, nodeIndex, start, + dir = simple !== forward ? "nextSibling" : "previousSibling", + parent = elem.parentNode, + name = ofType && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(), + useCache = !xml && !ofType, + diff = false; + + if ( parent ) { + + // :(first|last|only)-(child|of-type) + if ( simple ) { + while ( dir ) { + node = elem; + while ( ( node = node[ dir ] ) ) { + if ( ofType ? + node.nodeName.toLowerCase() === name : + node.nodeType === 1 ) { + + return false; + } + } + + // Reverse direction for :only-* (if we haven't yet done so) + start = dir = type === "only" && !start && "nextSibling"; + } + return true; + } + + start = [ forward ? parent.firstChild : parent.lastChild ]; + + // non-xml :nth-child(...) stores cache data on `parent` + if ( forward && useCache ) { + + // Seek `elem` from a previously-cached index + + // ...in a gzip-friendly way + node = parent; + outerCache = node[ expando ] || ( node[ expando ] = {} ); + + // Support: IE <9 only + // Defend against cloned attroperties (jQuery gh-1709) + uniqueCache = outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] || + ( outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] = {} ); + + cache = uniqueCache[ type ] || []; + nodeIndex = cache[ 0 ] === dirruns && cache[ 1 ]; + diff = nodeIndex && cache[ 2 ]; + node = nodeIndex && parent.childNodes[ nodeIndex ]; + + while ( ( node = ++nodeIndex && node && node[ dir ] || + + // Fallback to seeking `elem` from the start + ( diff = nodeIndex = 0 ) || start.pop() ) ) { + + // When found, cache indexes on `parent` and break + if ( node.nodeType === 1 && ++diff && node === elem ) { + uniqueCache[ type ] = [ dirruns, nodeIndex, diff ]; + break; + } + } + + } else { + + // Use previously-cached element index if available + if ( useCache ) { + + // ...in a gzip-friendly way + node = elem; + outerCache = node[ expando ] || ( node[ expando ] = {} ); + + // Support: IE <9 only + // Defend against cloned attroperties (jQuery gh-1709) + uniqueCache = outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] || + ( outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] = {} ); + + cache = uniqueCache[ type ] || []; + nodeIndex = cache[ 0 ] === dirruns && cache[ 1 ]; + diff = nodeIndex; + } + + // xml :nth-child(...) + // or :nth-last-child(...) or :nth(-last)?-of-type(...) + if ( diff === false ) { + + // Use the same loop as above to seek `elem` from the start + while ( ( node = ++nodeIndex && node && node[ dir ] || + ( diff = nodeIndex = 0 ) || start.pop() ) ) { + + if ( ( ofType ? + node.nodeName.toLowerCase() === name : + node.nodeType === 1 ) && + ++diff ) { + + // Cache the index of each encountered element + if ( useCache ) { + outerCache = node[ expando ] || + ( node[ expando ] = {} ); + + // Support: IE <9 only + // Defend against cloned attroperties (jQuery gh-1709) + uniqueCache = outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] || + ( outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] = {} ); + + uniqueCache[ type ] = [ dirruns, diff ]; + } + + if ( node === elem ) { + break; + } + } + } + } + } + + // Incorporate the offset, then check against cycle size + diff -= last; + return diff === first || ( diff % first === 0 && diff / first >= 0 ); + } + }; + }, + + "PSEUDO": function( pseudo, argument ) { + + // pseudo-class names are case-insensitive + // http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#pseudo-classes + // Prioritize by case sensitivity in case custom pseudos are added with uppercase letters + // Remember that setFilters inherits from pseudos + var args, + fn = Expr.pseudos[ pseudo ] || Expr.setFilters[ pseudo.toLowerCase() ] || + Sizzle.error( "unsupported pseudo: " + pseudo ); + + // The user may use createPseudo to indicate that + // arguments are needed to create the filter function + // just as Sizzle does + if ( fn[ expando ] ) { + return fn( argument ); + } + + // But maintain support for old signatures + if ( fn.length > 1 ) { + args = [ pseudo, pseudo, "", argument ]; + return Expr.setFilters.hasOwnProperty( pseudo.toLowerCase() ) ? + markFunction( function( seed, matches ) { + var idx, + matched = fn( seed, argument ), + i = matched.length; + while ( i-- ) { + idx = indexOf( seed, matched[ i ] ); + seed[ idx ] = !( matches[ idx ] = matched[ i ] ); + } + } ) : + function( elem ) { + return fn( elem, 0, args ); + }; + } + + return fn; + } + }, + + pseudos: { + + // Potentially complex pseudos + "not": markFunction( function( selector ) { + + // Trim the selector passed to compile + // to avoid treating leading and trailing + // spaces as combinators + var input = [], + results = [], + matcher = compile( selector.replace( rtrim, "$1" ) ); + + return matcher[ expando ] ? + markFunction( function( seed, matches, _context, xml ) { + var elem, + unmatched = matcher( seed, null, xml, [] ), + i = seed.length; + + // Match elements unmatched by `matcher` + while ( i-- ) { + if ( ( elem = unmatched[ i ] ) ) { + seed[ i ] = !( matches[ i ] = elem ); + } + } + } ) : + function( elem, _context, xml ) { + input[ 0 ] = elem; + matcher( input, null, xml, results ); + + // Don't keep the element (issue #299) + input[ 0 ] = null; + return !results.pop(); + }; + } ), + + "has": markFunction( function( selector ) { + return function( elem ) { + return Sizzle( selector, elem ).length > 0; + }; + } ), + + "contains": markFunction( function( text ) { + text = text.replace( runescape, funescape ); + return function( elem ) { + return ( elem.textContent || getText( elem ) ).indexOf( text ) > -1; + }; + } ), + + // "Whether an element is represented by a :lang() selector + // is based solely on the element's language value + // being equal to the identifier C, + // or beginning with the identifier C immediately followed by "-". + // The matching of C against the element's language value is performed case-insensitively. + // The identifier C does not have to be a valid language name." + // http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#lang-pseudo + "lang": markFunction( function( lang ) { + + // lang value must be a valid identifier + if ( !ridentifier.test( lang || "" ) ) { + Sizzle.error( "unsupported lang: " + lang ); + } + lang = lang.replace( runescape, funescape ).toLowerCase(); + return function( elem ) { + var elemLang; + do { + if ( ( elemLang = documentIsHTML ? + elem.lang : + elem.getAttribute( "xml:lang" ) || elem.getAttribute( "lang" ) ) ) { + + elemLang = elemLang.toLowerCase(); + return elemLang === lang || elemLang.indexOf( lang + "-" ) === 0; + } + } while ( ( elem = elem.parentNode ) && elem.nodeType === 1 ); + return false; + }; + } ), + + // Miscellaneous + "target": function( elem ) { + var hash = window.location && window.location.hash; + return hash && hash.slice( 1 ) === elem.id; + }, + + "root": function( elem ) { + return elem === docElem; + }, + + "focus": function( elem ) { + return elem === document.activeElement && + ( !document.hasFocus || document.hasFocus() ) && + !!( elem.type || elem.href || ~elem.tabIndex ); + }, + + // Boolean properties + "enabled": createDisabledPseudo( false ), + "disabled": createDisabledPseudo( true ), + + "checked": function( elem ) { + + // In CSS3, :checked should return both checked and selected elements + // http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-css3-selectors-20110929/#checked + var nodeName = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(); + return ( nodeName === "input" && !!elem.checked ) || + ( nodeName === "option" && !!elem.selected ); + }, + + "selected": function( elem ) { + + // Accessing this property makes selected-by-default + // options in Safari work properly + if ( elem.parentNode ) { + // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-expressions + elem.parentNode.selectedIndex; + } + + return elem.selected === true; + }, + + // Contents + "empty": function( elem ) { + + // http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#empty-pseudo + // :empty is negated by element (1) or content nodes (text: 3; cdata: 4; entity ref: 5), + // but not by others (comment: 8; processing instruction: 7; etc.) + // nodeType < 6 works because attributes (2) do not appear as children + for ( elem = elem.firstChild; elem; elem = elem.nextSibling ) { + if ( elem.nodeType < 6 ) { + return false; + } + } + return true; + }, + + "parent": function( elem ) { + return !Expr.pseudos[ "empty" ]( elem ); + }, + + // Element/input types + "header": function( elem ) { + return rheader.test( elem.nodeName ); + }, + + "input": function( elem ) { + return rinputs.test( elem.nodeName ); + }, + + "button": function( elem ) { + var name = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(); + return name === "input" && elem.type === "button" || name === "button"; + }, + + "text": function( elem ) { + var attr; + return elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === "input" && + elem.type === "text" && + + // Support: IE<8 + // New HTML5 attribute values (e.g., "search") appear with elem.type === "text" + ( ( attr = elem.getAttribute( "type" ) ) == null || + attr.toLowerCase() === "text" ); + }, + + // Position-in-collection + "first": createPositionalPseudo( function() { + return [ 0 ]; + } ), + + "last": createPositionalPseudo( function( _matchIndexes, length ) { + return [ length - 1 ]; + } ), + + "eq": createPositionalPseudo( function( _matchIndexes, length, argument ) { + return [ argument < 0 ? argument + length : argument ]; + } ), + + "even": createPositionalPseudo( function( matchIndexes, length ) { + var i = 0; + for ( ; i < length; i += 2 ) { + matchIndexes.push( i ); + } + return matchIndexes; + } ), + + "odd": createPositionalPseudo( function( matchIndexes, length ) { + var i = 1; + for ( ; i < length; i += 2 ) { + matchIndexes.push( i ); + } + return matchIndexes; + } ), + + "lt": createPositionalPseudo( function( matchIndexes, length, argument ) { + var i = argument < 0 ? + argument + length : + argument > length ? + length : + argument; + for ( ; --i >= 0; ) { + matchIndexes.push( i ); + } + return matchIndexes; + } ), + + "gt": createPositionalPseudo( function( matchIndexes, length, argument ) { + var i = argument < 0 ? argument + length : argument; + for ( ; ++i < length; ) { + matchIndexes.push( i ); + } + return matchIndexes; + } ) + } +}; + +Expr.pseudos[ "nth" ] = Expr.pseudos[ "eq" ]; + +// Add button/input type pseudos +for ( i in { radio: true, checkbox: true, file: true, password: true, image: true } ) { + Expr.pseudos[ i ] = createInputPseudo( i ); +} +for ( i in { submit: true, reset: true } ) { + Expr.pseudos[ i ] = createButtonPseudo( i ); +} + +// Easy API for creating new setFilters +function setFilters() {} +setFilters.prototype = Expr.filters = Expr.pseudos; +Expr.setFilters = new setFilters(); + +tokenize = Sizzle.tokenize = function( selector, parseOnly ) { + var matched, match, tokens, type, + soFar, groups, preFilters, + cached = tokenCache[ selector + " " ]; + + if ( cached ) { + return parseOnly ? 0 : cached.slice( 0 ); + } + + soFar = selector; + groups = []; + preFilters = Expr.preFilter; + + while ( soFar ) { + + // Comma and first run + if ( !matched || ( match = rcomma.exec( soFar ) ) ) { + if ( match ) { + + // Don't consume trailing commas as valid + soFar = soFar.slice( match[ 0 ].length ) || soFar; + } + groups.push( ( tokens = [] ) ); + } + + matched = false; + + // Combinators + if ( ( match = rcombinators.exec( soFar ) ) ) { + matched = match.shift(); + tokens.push( { + value: matched, + + // Cast descendant combinators to space + type: match[ 0 ].replace( rtrim, " " ) + } ); + soFar = soFar.slice( matched.length ); + } + + // Filters + for ( type in Expr.filter ) { + if ( ( match = matchExpr[ type ].exec( soFar ) ) && ( !preFilters[ type ] || + ( match = preFilters[ type ]( match ) ) ) ) { + matched = match.shift(); + tokens.push( { + value: matched, + type: type, + matches: match + } ); + soFar = soFar.slice( matched.length ); + } + } + + if ( !matched ) { + break; + } + } + + // Return the length of the invalid excess + // if we're just parsing + // Otherwise, throw an error or return tokens + return parseOnly ? + soFar.length : + soFar ? + Sizzle.error( selector ) : + + // Cache the tokens + tokenCache( selector, groups ).slice( 0 ); +}; + +function toSelector( tokens ) { + var i = 0, + len = tokens.length, + selector = ""; + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + selector += tokens[ i ].value; + } + return selector; +} + +function addCombinator( matcher, combinator, base ) { + var dir = combinator.dir, + skip = combinator.next, + key = skip || dir, + checkNonElements = base && key === "parentNode", + doneName = done++; + + return combinator.first ? + + // Check against closest ancestor/preceding element + function( elem, context, xml ) { + while ( ( elem = elem[ dir ] ) ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 || checkNonElements ) { + return matcher( elem, context, xml ); + } + } + return false; + } : + + // Check against all ancestor/preceding elements + function( elem, context, xml ) { + var oldCache, uniqueCache, outerCache, + newCache = [ dirruns, doneName ]; + + // We can't set arbitrary data on XML nodes, so they don't benefit from combinator caching + if ( xml ) { + while ( ( elem = elem[ dir ] ) ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 || checkNonElements ) { + if ( matcher( elem, context, xml ) ) { + return true; + } + } + } + } else { + while ( ( elem = elem[ dir ] ) ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 || checkNonElements ) { + outerCache = elem[ expando ] || ( elem[ expando ] = {} ); + + // Support: IE <9 only + // Defend against cloned attroperties (jQuery gh-1709) + uniqueCache = outerCache[ elem.uniqueID ] || + ( outerCache[ elem.uniqueID ] = {} ); + + if ( skip && skip === elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() ) { + elem = elem[ dir ] || elem; + } else if ( ( oldCache = uniqueCache[ key ] ) && + oldCache[ 0 ] === dirruns && oldCache[ 1 ] === doneName ) { + + // Assign to newCache so results back-propagate to previous elements + return ( newCache[ 2 ] = oldCache[ 2 ] ); + } else { + + // Reuse newcache so results back-propagate to previous elements + uniqueCache[ key ] = newCache; + + // A match means we're done; a fail means we have to keep checking + if ( ( newCache[ 2 ] = matcher( elem, context, xml ) ) ) { + return true; + } + } + } + } + } + return false; + }; +} + +function elementMatcher( matchers ) { + return matchers.length > 1 ? + function( elem, context, xml ) { + var i = matchers.length; + while ( i-- ) { + if ( !matchers[ i ]( elem, context, xml ) ) { + return false; + } + } + return true; + } : + matchers[ 0 ]; +} + +function multipleContexts( selector, contexts, results ) { + var i = 0, + len = contexts.length; + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + Sizzle( selector, contexts[ i ], results ); + } + return results; +} + +function condense( unmatched, map, filter, context, xml ) { + var elem, + newUnmatched = [], + i = 0, + len = unmatched.length, + mapped = map != null; + + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + if ( ( elem = unmatched[ i ] ) ) { + if ( !filter || filter( elem, context, xml ) ) { + newUnmatched.push( elem ); + if ( mapped ) { + map.push( i ); + } + } + } + } + + return newUnmatched; +} + +function setMatcher( preFilter, selector, matcher, postFilter, postFinder, postSelector ) { + if ( postFilter && !postFilter[ expando ] ) { + postFilter = setMatcher( postFilter ); + } + if ( postFinder && !postFinder[ expando ] ) { + postFinder = setMatcher( postFinder, postSelector ); + } + return markFunction( function( seed, results, context, xml ) { + var temp, i, elem, + preMap = [], + postMap = [], + preexisting = results.length, + + // Get initial elements from seed or context + elems = seed || multipleContexts( + selector || "*", + context.nodeType ? [ context ] : context, + [] + ), + + // Prefilter to get matcher input, preserving a map for seed-results synchronization + matcherIn = preFilter && ( seed || !selector ) ? + condense( elems, preMap, preFilter, context, xml ) : + elems, + + matcherOut = matcher ? + + // If we have a postFinder, or filtered seed, or non-seed postFilter or preexisting results, + postFinder || ( seed ? preFilter : preexisting || postFilter ) ? + + // ...intermediate processing is necessary + [] : + + // ...otherwise use results directly + results : + matcherIn; + + // Find primary matches + if ( matcher ) { + matcher( matcherIn, matcherOut, context, xml ); + } + + // Apply postFilter + if ( postFilter ) { + temp = condense( matcherOut, postMap ); + postFilter( temp, [], context, xml ); + + // Un-match failing elements by moving them back to matcherIn + i = temp.length; + while ( i-- ) { + if ( ( elem = temp[ i ] ) ) { + matcherOut[ postMap[ i ] ] = !( matcherIn[ postMap[ i ] ] = elem ); + } + } + } + + if ( seed ) { + if ( postFinder || preFilter ) { + if ( postFinder ) { + + // Get the final matcherOut by condensing this intermediate into postFinder contexts + temp = []; + i = matcherOut.length; + while ( i-- ) { + if ( ( elem = matcherOut[ i ] ) ) { + + // Restore matcherIn since elem is not yet a final match + temp.push( ( matcherIn[ i ] = elem ) ); + } + } + postFinder( null, ( matcherOut = [] ), temp, xml ); + } + + // Move matched elements from seed to results to keep them synchronized + i = matcherOut.length; + while ( i-- ) { + if ( ( elem = matcherOut[ i ] ) && + ( temp = postFinder ? indexOf( seed, elem ) : preMap[ i ] ) > -1 ) { + + seed[ temp ] = !( results[ temp ] = elem ); + } + } + } + + // Add elements to results, through postFinder if defined + } else { + matcherOut = condense( + matcherOut === results ? + matcherOut.splice( preexisting, matcherOut.length ) : + matcherOut + ); + if ( postFinder ) { + postFinder( null, results, matcherOut, xml ); + } else { + push.apply( results, matcherOut ); + } + } + } ); +} + +function matcherFromTokens( tokens ) { + var checkContext, matcher, j, + len = tokens.length, + leadingRelative = Expr.relative[ tokens[ 0 ].type ], + implicitRelative = leadingRelative || Expr.relative[ " " ], + i = leadingRelative ? 1 : 0, + + // The foundational matcher ensures that elements are reachable from top-level context(s) + matchContext = addCombinator( function( elem ) { + return elem === checkContext; + }, implicitRelative, true ), + matchAnyContext = addCombinator( function( elem ) { + return indexOf( checkContext, elem ) > -1; + }, implicitRelative, true ), + matchers = [ function( elem, context, xml ) { + var ret = ( !leadingRelative && ( xml || context !== outermostContext ) ) || ( + ( checkContext = context ).nodeType ? + matchContext( elem, context, xml ) : + matchAnyContext( elem, context, xml ) ); + + // Avoid hanging onto element (issue #299) + checkContext = null; + return ret; + } ]; + + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + if ( ( matcher = Expr.relative[ tokens[ i ].type ] ) ) { + matchers = [ addCombinator( elementMatcher( matchers ), matcher ) ]; + } else { + matcher = Expr.filter[ tokens[ i ].type ].apply( null, tokens[ i ].matches ); + + // Return special upon seeing a positional matcher + if ( matcher[ expando ] ) { + + // Find the next relative operator (if any) for proper handling + j = ++i; + for ( ; j < len; j++ ) { + if ( Expr.relative[ tokens[ j ].type ] ) { + break; + } + } + return setMatcher( + i > 1 && elementMatcher( matchers ), + i > 1 && toSelector( + + // If the preceding token was a descendant combinator, insert an implicit any-element `*` + tokens + .slice( 0, i - 1 ) + .concat( { value: tokens[ i - 2 ].type === " " ? "*" : "" } ) + ).replace( rtrim, "$1" ), + matcher, + i < j && matcherFromTokens( tokens.slice( i, j ) ), + j < len && matcherFromTokens( ( tokens = tokens.slice( j ) ) ), + j < len && toSelector( tokens ) + ); + } + matchers.push( matcher ); + } + } + + return elementMatcher( matchers ); +} + +function matcherFromGroupMatchers( elementMatchers, setMatchers ) { + var bySet = setMatchers.length > 0, + byElement = elementMatchers.length > 0, + superMatcher = function( seed, context, xml, results, outermost ) { + var elem, j, matcher, + matchedCount = 0, + i = "0", + unmatched = seed && [], + setMatched = [], + contextBackup = outermostContext, + + // We must always have either seed elements or outermost context + elems = seed || byElement && Expr.find[ "TAG" ]( "*", outermost ), + + // Use integer dirruns iff this is the outermost matcher + dirrunsUnique = ( dirruns += contextBackup == null ? 1 : Math.random() || 0.1 ), + len = elems.length; + + if ( outermost ) { + + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + outermostContext = context == document || context || outermost; + } + + // Add elements passing elementMatchers directly to results + // Support: IE<9, Safari + // Tolerate NodeList properties (IE: "length"; Safari: ) matching elements by id + for ( ; i !== len && ( elem = elems[ i ] ) != null; i++ ) { + if ( byElement && elem ) { + j = 0; + + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( !context && elem.ownerDocument != document ) { + setDocument( elem ); + xml = !documentIsHTML; + } + while ( ( matcher = elementMatchers[ j++ ] ) ) { + if ( matcher( elem, context || document, xml ) ) { + results.push( elem ); + break; + } + } + if ( outermost ) { + dirruns = dirrunsUnique; + } + } + + // Track unmatched elements for set filters + if ( bySet ) { + + // They will have gone through all possible matchers + if ( ( elem = !matcher && elem ) ) { + matchedCount--; + } + + // Lengthen the array for every element, matched or not + if ( seed ) { + unmatched.push( elem ); + } + } + } + + // `i` is now the count of elements visited above, and adding it to `matchedCount` + // makes the latter nonnegative. + matchedCount += i; + + // Apply set filters to unmatched elements + // NOTE: This can be skipped if there are no unmatched elements (i.e., `matchedCount` + // equals `i`), unless we didn't visit _any_ elements in the above loop because we have + // no element matchers and no seed. + // Incrementing an initially-string "0" `i` allows `i` to remain a string only in that + // case, which will result in a "00" `matchedCount` that differs from `i` but is also + // numerically zero. + if ( bySet && i !== matchedCount ) { + j = 0; + while ( ( matcher = setMatchers[ j++ ] ) ) { + matcher( unmatched, setMatched, context, xml ); + } + + if ( seed ) { + + // Reintegrate element matches to eliminate the need for sorting + if ( matchedCount > 0 ) { + while ( i-- ) { + if ( !( unmatched[ i ] || setMatched[ i ] ) ) { + setMatched[ i ] = pop.call( results ); + } + } + } + + // Discard index placeholder values to get only actual matches + setMatched = condense( setMatched ); + } + + // Add matches to results + push.apply( results, setMatched ); + + // Seedless set matches succeeding multiple successful matchers stipulate sorting + if ( outermost && !seed && setMatched.length > 0 && + ( matchedCount + setMatchers.length ) > 1 ) { + + Sizzle.uniqueSort( results ); + } + } + + // Override manipulation of globals by nested matchers + if ( outermost ) { + dirruns = dirrunsUnique; + outermostContext = contextBackup; + } + + return unmatched; + }; + + return bySet ? + markFunction( superMatcher ) : + superMatcher; +} + +compile = Sizzle.compile = function( selector, match /* Internal Use Only */ ) { + var i, + setMatchers = [], + elementMatchers = [], + cached = compilerCache[ selector + " " ]; + + if ( !cached ) { + + // Generate a function of recursive functions that can be used to check each element + if ( !match ) { + match = tokenize( selector ); + } + i = match.length; + while ( i-- ) { + cached = matcherFromTokens( match[ i ] ); + if ( cached[ expando ] ) { + setMatchers.push( cached ); + } else { + elementMatchers.push( cached ); + } + } + + // Cache the compiled function + cached = compilerCache( + selector, + matcherFromGroupMatchers( elementMatchers, setMatchers ) + ); + + // Save selector and tokenization + cached.selector = selector; + } + return cached; +}; + +/** + * A low-level selection function that works with Sizzle's compiled + * selector functions + * @param {String|Function} selector A selector or a pre-compiled + * selector function built with Sizzle.compile + * @param {Element} context + * @param {Array} [results] + * @param {Array} [seed] A set of elements to match against + */ +select = Sizzle.select = function( selector, context, results, seed ) { + var i, tokens, token, type, find, + compiled = typeof selector === "function" && selector, + match = !seed && tokenize( ( selector = compiled.selector || selector ) ); + + results = results || []; + + // Try to minimize operations if there is only one selector in the list and no seed + // (the latter of which guarantees us context) + if ( match.length === 1 ) { + + // Reduce context if the leading compound selector is an ID + tokens = match[ 0 ] = match[ 0 ].slice( 0 ); + if ( tokens.length > 2 && ( token = tokens[ 0 ] ).type === "ID" && + context.nodeType === 9 && documentIsHTML && Expr.relative[ tokens[ 1 ].type ] ) { + + context = ( Expr.find[ "ID" ]( token.matches[ 0 ] + .replace( runescape, funescape ), context ) || [] )[ 0 ]; + if ( !context ) { + return results; + + // Precompiled matchers will still verify ancestry, so step up a level + } else if ( compiled ) { + context = context.parentNode; + } + + selector = selector.slice( tokens.shift().value.length ); + } + + // Fetch a seed set for right-to-left matching + i = matchExpr[ "needsContext" ].test( selector ) ? 0 : tokens.length; + while ( i-- ) { + token = tokens[ i ]; + + // Abort if we hit a combinator + if ( Expr.relative[ ( type = token.type ) ] ) { + break; + } + if ( ( find = Expr.find[ type ] ) ) { + + // Search, expanding context for leading sibling combinators + if ( ( seed = find( + token.matches[ 0 ].replace( runescape, funescape ), + rsibling.test( tokens[ 0 ].type ) && testContext( context.parentNode ) || + context + ) ) ) { + + // If seed is empty or no tokens remain, we can return early + tokens.splice( i, 1 ); + selector = seed.length && toSelector( tokens ); + if ( !selector ) { + push.apply( results, seed ); + return results; + } + + break; + } + } + } + } + + // Compile and execute a filtering function if one is not provided + // Provide `match` to avoid retokenization if we modified the selector above + ( compiled || compile( selector, match ) )( + seed, + context, + !documentIsHTML, + results, + !context || rsibling.test( selector ) && testContext( context.parentNode ) || context + ); + return results; +}; + +// One-time assignments + +// Sort stability +support.sortStable = expando.split( "" ).sort( sortOrder ).join( "" ) === expando; + +// Support: Chrome 14-35+ +// Always assume duplicates if they aren't passed to the comparison function +support.detectDuplicates = !!hasDuplicate; + +// Initialize against the default document +setDocument(); + +// Support: Webkit<537.32 - Safari 6.0.3/Chrome 25 (fixed in Chrome 27) +// Detached nodes confoundingly follow *each other* +support.sortDetached = assert( function( el ) { + + // Should return 1, but returns 4 (following) + return el.compareDocumentPosition( document.createElement( "fieldset" ) ) & 1; +} ); + +// Support: IE<8 +// Prevent attribute/property "interpolation" +// https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms536429%28VS.85%29.aspx +if ( !assert( function( el ) { + el.innerHTML = ""; + return el.firstChild.getAttribute( "href" ) === "#"; +} ) ) { + addHandle( "type|href|height|width", function( elem, name, isXML ) { + if ( !isXML ) { + return elem.getAttribute( name, name.toLowerCase() === "type" ? 1 : 2 ); + } + } ); +} + +// Support: IE<9 +// Use defaultValue in place of getAttribute("value") +if ( !support.attributes || !assert( function( el ) { + el.innerHTML = ""; + el.firstChild.setAttribute( "value", "" ); + return el.firstChild.getAttribute( "value" ) === ""; +} ) ) { + addHandle( "value", function( elem, _name, isXML ) { + if ( !isXML && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === "input" ) { + return elem.defaultValue; + } + } ); +} + +// Support: IE<9 +// Use getAttributeNode to fetch booleans when getAttribute lies +if ( !assert( function( el ) { + return el.getAttribute( "disabled" ) == null; +} ) ) { + addHandle( booleans, function( elem, name, isXML ) { + var val; + if ( !isXML ) { + return elem[ name ] === true ? name.toLowerCase() : + ( val = elem.getAttributeNode( name ) ) && val.specified ? + val.value : + null; + } + } ); +} + +return Sizzle; + +} )( window ); + + + +jQuery.find = Sizzle; +jQuery.expr = Sizzle.selectors; + +// Deprecated +jQuery.expr[ ":" ] = jQuery.expr.pseudos; +jQuery.uniqueSort = jQuery.unique = Sizzle.uniqueSort; +jQuery.text = Sizzle.getText; +jQuery.isXMLDoc = Sizzle.isXML; +jQuery.contains = Sizzle.contains; +jQuery.escapeSelector = Sizzle.escape; + + + + +var dir = function( elem, dir, until ) { + var matched = [], + truncate = until !== undefined; + + while ( ( elem = elem[ dir ] ) && elem.nodeType !== 9 ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + if ( truncate && jQuery( elem ).is( until ) ) { + break; + } + matched.push( elem ); + } + } + return matched; +}; + + +var siblings = function( n, elem ) { + var matched = []; + + for ( ; n; n = n.nextSibling ) { + if ( n.nodeType === 1 && n !== elem ) { + matched.push( n ); + } + } + + return matched; +}; + + +var rneedsContext = jQuery.expr.match.needsContext; + + + +function nodeName( elem, name ) { + + return elem.nodeName && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === name.toLowerCase(); + +}; +var rsingleTag = ( /^<([a-z][^\/\0>:\x20\t\r\n\f]*)[\x20\t\r\n\f]*\/?>(?:<\/\1>|)$/i ); + + + +// Implement the identical functionality for filter and not +function winnow( elements, qualifier, not ) { + if ( isFunction( qualifier ) ) { + return jQuery.grep( elements, function( elem, i ) { + return !!qualifier.call( elem, i, elem ) !== not; + } ); + } + + // Single element + if ( qualifier.nodeType ) { + return jQuery.grep( elements, function( elem ) { + return ( elem === qualifier ) !== not; + } ); + } + + // Arraylike of elements (jQuery, arguments, Array) + if ( typeof qualifier !== "string" ) { + return jQuery.grep( elements, function( elem ) { + return ( indexOf.call( qualifier, elem ) > -1 ) !== not; + } ); + } + + // Filtered directly for both simple and complex selectors + return jQuery.filter( qualifier, elements, not ); +} + +jQuery.filter = function( expr, elems, not ) { + var elem = elems[ 0 ]; + + if ( not ) { + expr = ":not(" + expr + ")"; + } + + if ( elems.length === 1 && elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + return jQuery.find.matchesSelector( elem, expr ) ? [ elem ] : []; + } + + return jQuery.find.matches( expr, jQuery.grep( elems, function( elem ) { + return elem.nodeType === 1; + } ) ); +}; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + find: function( selector ) { + var i, ret, + len = this.length, + self = this; + + if ( typeof selector !== "string" ) { + return this.pushStack( jQuery( selector ).filter( function() { + for ( i = 0; i < len; i++ ) { + if ( jQuery.contains( self[ i ], this ) ) { + return true; + } + } + } ) ); + } + + ret = this.pushStack( [] ); + + for ( i = 0; i < len; i++ ) { + jQuery.find( selector, self[ i ], ret ); + } + + return len > 1 ? jQuery.uniqueSort( ret ) : ret; + }, + filter: function( selector ) { + return this.pushStack( winnow( this, selector || [], false ) ); + }, + not: function( selector ) { + return this.pushStack( winnow( this, selector || [], true ) ); + }, + is: function( selector ) { + return !!winnow( + this, + + // If this is a positional/relative selector, check membership in the returned set + // so $("p:first").is("p:last") won't return true for a doc with two "p". + typeof selector === "string" && rneedsContext.test( selector ) ? + jQuery( selector ) : + selector || [], + false + ).length; + } +} ); + + +// Initialize a jQuery object + + +// A central reference to the root jQuery(document) +var rootjQuery, + + // A simple way to check for HTML strings + // Prioritize #id over to avoid XSS via location.hash (#9521) + // Strict HTML recognition (#11290: must start with <) + // Shortcut simple #id case for speed + rquickExpr = /^(?:\s*(<[\w\W]+>)[^>]*|#([\w-]+))$/, + + init = jQuery.fn.init = function( selector, context, root ) { + var match, elem; + + // HANDLE: $(""), $(null), $(undefined), $(false) + if ( !selector ) { + return this; + } + + // Method init() accepts an alternate rootjQuery + // so migrate can support jQuery.sub (gh-2101) + root = root || rootjQuery; + + // Handle HTML strings + if ( typeof selector === "string" ) { + if ( selector[ 0 ] === "<" && + selector[ selector.length - 1 ] === ">" && + selector.length >= 3 ) { + + // Assume that strings that start and end with <> are HTML and skip the regex check + match = [ null, selector, null ]; + + } else { + match = rquickExpr.exec( selector ); + } + + // Match html or make sure no context is specified for #id + if ( match && ( match[ 1 ] || !context ) ) { + + // HANDLE: $(html) -> $(array) + if ( match[ 1 ] ) { + context = context instanceof jQuery ? context[ 0 ] : context; + + // Option to run scripts is true for back-compat + // Intentionally let the error be thrown if parseHTML is not present + jQuery.merge( this, jQuery.parseHTML( + match[ 1 ], + context && context.nodeType ? context.ownerDocument || context : document, + true + ) ); + + // HANDLE: $(html, props) + if ( rsingleTag.test( match[ 1 ] ) && jQuery.isPlainObject( context ) ) { + for ( match in context ) { + + // Properties of context are called as methods if possible + if ( isFunction( this[ match ] ) ) { + this[ match ]( context[ match ] ); + + // ...and otherwise set as attributes + } else { + this.attr( match, context[ match ] ); + } + } + } + + return this; + + // HANDLE: $(#id) + } else { + elem = document.getElementById( match[ 2 ] ); + + if ( elem ) { + + // Inject the element directly into the jQuery object + this[ 0 ] = elem; + this.length = 1; + } + return this; + } + + // HANDLE: $(expr, $(...)) + } else if ( !context || context.jquery ) { + return ( context || root ).find( selector ); + + // HANDLE: $(expr, context) + // (which is just equivalent to: $(context).find(expr) + } else { + return this.constructor( context ).find( selector ); + } + + // HANDLE: $(DOMElement) + } else if ( selector.nodeType ) { + this[ 0 ] = selector; + this.length = 1; + return this; + + // HANDLE: $(function) + // Shortcut for document ready + } else if ( isFunction( selector ) ) { + return root.ready !== undefined ? + root.ready( selector ) : + + // Execute immediately if ready is not present + selector( jQuery ); + } + + return jQuery.makeArray( selector, this ); + }; + +// Give the init function the jQuery prototype for later instantiation +init.prototype = jQuery.fn; + +// Initialize central reference +rootjQuery = jQuery( document ); + + +var rparentsprev = /^(?:parents|prev(?:Until|All))/, + + // Methods guaranteed to produce a unique set when starting from a unique set + guaranteedUnique = { + children: true, + contents: true, + next: true, + prev: true + }; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + has: function( target ) { + var targets = jQuery( target, this ), + l = targets.length; + + return this.filter( function() { + var i = 0; + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + if ( jQuery.contains( this, targets[ i ] ) ) { + return true; + } + } + } ); + }, + + closest: function( selectors, context ) { + var cur, + i = 0, + l = this.length, + matched = [], + targets = typeof selectors !== "string" && jQuery( selectors ); + + // Positional selectors never match, since there's no _selection_ context + if ( !rneedsContext.test( selectors ) ) { + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + for ( cur = this[ i ]; cur && cur !== context; cur = cur.parentNode ) { + + // Always skip document fragments + if ( cur.nodeType < 11 && ( targets ? + targets.index( cur ) > -1 : + + // Don't pass non-elements to Sizzle + cur.nodeType === 1 && + jQuery.find.matchesSelector( cur, selectors ) ) ) { + + matched.push( cur ); + break; + } + } + } + } + + return this.pushStack( matched.length > 1 ? jQuery.uniqueSort( matched ) : matched ); + }, + + // Determine the position of an element within the set + index: function( elem ) { + + // No argument, return index in parent + if ( !elem ) { + return ( this[ 0 ] && this[ 0 ].parentNode ) ? this.first().prevAll().length : -1; + } + + // Index in selector + if ( typeof elem === "string" ) { + return indexOf.call( jQuery( elem ), this[ 0 ] ); + } + + // Locate the position of the desired element + return indexOf.call( this, + + // If it receives a jQuery object, the first element is used + elem.jquery ? elem[ 0 ] : elem + ); + }, + + add: function( selector, context ) { + return this.pushStack( + jQuery.uniqueSort( + jQuery.merge( this.get(), jQuery( selector, context ) ) + ) + ); + }, + + addBack: function( selector ) { + return this.add( selector == null ? + this.prevObject : this.prevObject.filter( selector ) + ); + } +} ); + +function sibling( cur, dir ) { + while ( ( cur = cur[ dir ] ) && cur.nodeType !== 1 ) {} + return cur; +} + +jQuery.each( { + parent: function( elem ) { + var parent = elem.parentNode; + return parent && parent.nodeType !== 11 ? parent : null; + }, + parents: function( elem ) { + return dir( elem, "parentNode" ); + }, + parentsUntil: function( elem, _i, until ) { + return dir( elem, "parentNode", until ); + }, + next: function( elem ) { + return sibling( elem, "nextSibling" ); + }, + prev: function( elem ) { + return sibling( elem, "previousSibling" ); + }, + nextAll: function( elem ) { + return dir( elem, "nextSibling" ); + }, + prevAll: function( elem ) { + return dir( elem, "previousSibling" ); + }, + nextUntil: function( elem, _i, until ) { + return dir( elem, "nextSibling", until ); + }, + prevUntil: function( elem, _i, until ) { + return dir( elem, "previousSibling", until ); + }, + siblings: function( elem ) { + return siblings( ( elem.parentNode || {} ).firstChild, elem ); + }, + children: function( elem ) { + return siblings( elem.firstChild ); + }, + contents: function( elem ) { + if ( elem.contentDocument != null && + + // Support: IE 11+ + // elements with no `data` attribute has an object + // `contentDocument` with a `null` prototype. + getProto( elem.contentDocument ) ) { + + return elem.contentDocument; + } + + // Support: IE 9 - 11 only, iOS 7 only, Android Browser <=4.3 only + // Treat the template element as a regular one in browsers that + // don't support it. + if ( nodeName( elem, "template" ) ) { + elem = elem.content || elem; + } + + return jQuery.merge( [], elem.childNodes ); + } +}, function( name, fn ) { + jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( until, selector ) { + var matched = jQuery.map( this, fn, until ); + + if ( name.slice( -5 ) !== "Until" ) { + selector = until; + } + + if ( selector && typeof selector === "string" ) { + matched = jQuery.filter( selector, matched ); + } + + if ( this.length > 1 ) { + + // Remove duplicates + if ( !guaranteedUnique[ name ] ) { + jQuery.uniqueSort( matched ); + } + + // Reverse order for parents* and prev-derivatives + if ( rparentsprev.test( name ) ) { + matched.reverse(); + } + } + + return this.pushStack( matched ); + }; +} ); +var rnothtmlwhite = ( /[^\x20\t\r\n\f]+/g ); + + + +// Convert String-formatted options into Object-formatted ones +function createOptions( options ) { + var object = {}; + jQuery.each( options.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [], function( _, flag ) { + object[ flag ] = true; + } ); + return object; +} + +/* + * Create a callback list using the following parameters: + * + * options: an optional list of space-separated options that will change how + * the callback list behaves or a more traditional option object + * + * By default a callback list will act like an event callback list and can be + * "fired" multiple times. + * + * Possible options: + * + * once: will ensure the callback list can only be fired once (like a Deferred) + * + * memory: will keep track of previous values and will call any callback added + * after the list has been fired right away with the latest "memorized" + * values (like a Deferred) + * + * unique: will ensure a callback can only be added once (no duplicate in the list) + * + * stopOnFalse: interrupt callings when a callback returns false + * + */ +jQuery.Callbacks = function( options ) { + + // Convert options from String-formatted to Object-formatted if needed + // (we check in cache first) + options = typeof options === "string" ? + createOptions( options ) : + jQuery.extend( {}, options ); + + var // Flag to know if list is currently firing + firing, + + // Last fire value for non-forgettable lists + memory, + + // Flag to know if list was already fired + fired, + + // Flag to prevent firing + locked, + + // Actual callback list + list = [], + + // Queue of execution data for repeatable lists + queue = [], + + // Index of currently firing callback (modified by add/remove as needed) + firingIndex = -1, + + // Fire callbacks + fire = function() { + + // Enforce single-firing + locked = locked || options.once; + + // Execute callbacks for all pending executions, + // respecting firingIndex overrides and runtime changes + fired = firing = true; + for ( ; queue.length; firingIndex = -1 ) { + memory = queue.shift(); + while ( ++firingIndex < list.length ) { + + // Run callback and check for early termination + if ( list[ firingIndex ].apply( memory[ 0 ], memory[ 1 ] ) === false && + options.stopOnFalse ) { + + // Jump to end and forget the data so .add doesn't re-fire + firingIndex = list.length; + memory = false; + } + } + } + + // Forget the data if we're done with it + if ( !options.memory ) { + memory = false; + } + + firing = false; + + // Clean up if we're done firing for good + if ( locked ) { + + // Keep an empty list if we have data for future add calls + if ( memory ) { + list = []; + + // Otherwise, this object is spent + } else { + list = ""; + } + } + }, + + // Actual Callbacks object + self = { + + // Add a callback or a collection of callbacks to the list + add: function() { + if ( list ) { + + // If we have memory from a past run, we should fire after adding + if ( memory && !firing ) { + firingIndex = list.length - 1; + queue.push( memory ); + } + + ( function add( args ) { + jQuery.each( args, function( _, arg ) { + if ( isFunction( arg ) ) { + if ( !options.unique || !self.has( arg ) ) { + list.push( arg ); + } + } else if ( arg && arg.length && toType( arg ) !== "string" ) { + + // Inspect recursively + add( arg ); + } + } ); + } )( arguments ); + + if ( memory && !firing ) { + fire(); + } + } + return this; + }, + + // Remove a callback from the list + remove: function() { + jQuery.each( arguments, function( _, arg ) { + var index; + while ( ( index = jQuery.inArray( arg, list, index ) ) > -1 ) { + list.splice( index, 1 ); + + // Handle firing indexes + if ( index <= firingIndex ) { + firingIndex--; + } + } + } ); + return this; + }, + + // Check if a given callback is in the list. + // If no argument is given, return whether or not list has callbacks attached. + has: function( fn ) { + return fn ? + jQuery.inArray( fn, list ) > -1 : + list.length > 0; + }, + + // Remove all callbacks from the list + empty: function() { + if ( list ) { + list = []; + } + return this; + }, + + // Disable .fire and .add + // Abort any current/pending executions + // Clear all callbacks and values + disable: function() { + locked = queue = []; + list = memory = ""; + return this; + }, + disabled: function() { + return !list; + }, + + // Disable .fire + // Also disable .add unless we have memory (since it would have no effect) + // Abort any pending executions + lock: function() { + locked = queue = []; + if ( !memory && !firing ) { + list = memory = ""; + } + return this; + }, + locked: function() { + return !!locked; + }, + + // Call all callbacks with the given context and arguments + fireWith: function( context, args ) { + if ( !locked ) { + args = args || []; + args = [ context, args.slice ? args.slice() : args ]; + queue.push( args ); + if ( !firing ) { + fire(); + } + } + return this; + }, + + // Call all the callbacks with the given arguments + fire: function() { + self.fireWith( this, arguments ); + return this; + }, + + // To know if the callbacks have already been called at least once + fired: function() { + return !!fired; + } + }; + + return self; +}; + + +function Identity( v ) { + return v; +} +function Thrower( ex ) { + throw ex; +} + +function adoptValue( value, resolve, reject, noValue ) { + var method; + + try { + + // Check for promise aspect first to privilege synchronous behavior + if ( value && isFunction( ( method = value.promise ) ) ) { + method.call( value ).done( resolve ).fail( reject ); + + // Other thenables + } else if ( value && isFunction( ( method = value.then ) ) ) { + method.call( value, resolve, reject ); + + // Other non-thenables + } else { + + // Control `resolve` arguments by letting Array#slice cast boolean `noValue` to integer: + // * false: [ value ].slice( 0 ) => resolve( value ) + // * true: [ value ].slice( 1 ) => resolve() + resolve.apply( undefined, [ value ].slice( noValue ) ); + } + + // For Promises/A+, convert exceptions into rejections + // Since jQuery.when doesn't unwrap thenables, we can skip the extra checks appearing in + // Deferred#then to conditionally suppress rejection. + } catch ( value ) { + + // Support: Android 4.0 only + // Strict mode functions invoked without .call/.apply get global-object context + reject.apply( undefined, [ value ] ); + } +} + +jQuery.extend( { + + Deferred: function( func ) { + var tuples = [ + + // action, add listener, callbacks, + // ... .then handlers, argument index, [final state] + [ "notify", "progress", jQuery.Callbacks( "memory" ), + jQuery.Callbacks( "memory" ), 2 ], + [ "resolve", "done", jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ), + jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ), 0, "resolved" ], + [ "reject", "fail", jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ), + jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ), 1, "rejected" ] + ], + state = "pending", + promise = { + state: function() { + return state; + }, + always: function() { + deferred.done( arguments ).fail( arguments ); + return this; + }, + "catch": function( fn ) { + return promise.then( null, fn ); + }, + + // Keep pipe for back-compat + pipe: function( /* fnDone, fnFail, fnProgress */ ) { + var fns = arguments; + + return jQuery.Deferred( function( newDefer ) { + jQuery.each( tuples, function( _i, tuple ) { + + // Map tuples (progress, done, fail) to arguments (done, fail, progress) + var fn = isFunction( fns[ tuple[ 4 ] ] ) && fns[ tuple[ 4 ] ]; + + // deferred.progress(function() { bind to newDefer or newDefer.notify }) + // deferred.done(function() { bind to newDefer or newDefer.resolve }) + // deferred.fail(function() { bind to newDefer or newDefer.reject }) + deferred[ tuple[ 1 ] ]( function() { + var returned = fn && fn.apply( this, arguments ); + if ( returned && isFunction( returned.promise ) ) { + returned.promise() + .progress( newDefer.notify ) + .done( newDefer.resolve ) + .fail( newDefer.reject ); + } else { + newDefer[ tuple[ 0 ] + "With" ]( + this, + fn ? [ returned ] : arguments + ); + } + } ); + } ); + fns = null; + } ).promise(); + }, + then: function( onFulfilled, onRejected, onProgress ) { + var maxDepth = 0; + function resolve( depth, deferred, handler, special ) { + return function() { + var that = this, + args = arguments, + mightThrow = function() { + var returned, then; + + // Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.3.3.3 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-59 + // Ignore double-resolution attempts + if ( depth < maxDepth ) { + return; + } + + returned = handler.apply( that, args ); + + // Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.1 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-48 + if ( returned === deferred.promise() ) { + throw new TypeError( "Thenable self-resolution" ); + } + + // Support: Promises/A+ sections 2.3.3.1, 3.5 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-54 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-75 + // Retrieve `then` only once + then = returned && + + // Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.4 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-64 + // Only check objects and functions for thenability + ( typeof returned === "object" || + typeof returned === "function" ) && + returned.then; + + // Handle a returned thenable + if ( isFunction( then ) ) { + + // Special processors (notify) just wait for resolution + if ( special ) { + then.call( + returned, + resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Identity, special ), + resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Thrower, special ) + ); + + // Normal processors (resolve) also hook into progress + } else { + + // ...and disregard older resolution values + maxDepth++; + + then.call( + returned, + resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Identity, special ), + resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Thrower, special ), + resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Identity, + deferred.notifyWith ) + ); + } + + // Handle all other returned values + } else { + + // Only substitute handlers pass on context + // and multiple values (non-spec behavior) + if ( handler !== Identity ) { + that = undefined; + args = [ returned ]; + } + + // Process the value(s) + // Default process is resolve + ( special || deferred.resolveWith )( that, args ); + } + }, + + // Only normal processors (resolve) catch and reject exceptions + process = special ? + mightThrow : + function() { + try { + mightThrow(); + } catch ( e ) { + + if ( jQuery.Deferred.exceptionHook ) { + jQuery.Deferred.exceptionHook( e, + process.stackTrace ); + } + + // Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.3.3.4.1 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-61 + // Ignore post-resolution exceptions + if ( depth + 1 >= maxDepth ) { + + // Only substitute handlers pass on context + // and multiple values (non-spec behavior) + if ( handler !== Thrower ) { + that = undefined; + args = [ e ]; + } + + deferred.rejectWith( that, args ); + } + } + }; + + // Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.3.3.1 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-57 + // Re-resolve promises immediately to dodge false rejection from + // subsequent errors + if ( depth ) { + process(); + } else { + + // Call an optional hook to record the stack, in case of exception + // since it's otherwise lost when execution goes async + if ( jQuery.Deferred.getStackHook ) { + process.stackTrace = jQuery.Deferred.getStackHook(); + } + window.setTimeout( process ); + } + }; + } + + return jQuery.Deferred( function( newDefer ) { + + // progress_handlers.add( ... ) + tuples[ 0 ][ 3 ].add( + resolve( + 0, + newDefer, + isFunction( onProgress ) ? + onProgress : + Identity, + newDefer.notifyWith + ) + ); + + // fulfilled_handlers.add( ... ) + tuples[ 1 ][ 3 ].add( + resolve( + 0, + newDefer, + isFunction( onFulfilled ) ? + onFulfilled : + Identity + ) + ); + + // rejected_handlers.add( ... ) + tuples[ 2 ][ 3 ].add( + resolve( + 0, + newDefer, + isFunction( onRejected ) ? + onRejected : + Thrower + ) + ); + } ).promise(); + }, + + // Get a promise for this deferred + // If obj is provided, the promise aspect is added to the object + promise: function( obj ) { + return obj != null ? jQuery.extend( obj, promise ) : promise; + } + }, + deferred = {}; + + // Add list-specific methods + jQuery.each( tuples, function( i, tuple ) { + var list = tuple[ 2 ], + stateString = tuple[ 5 ]; + + // promise.progress = list.add + // promise.done = list.add + // promise.fail = list.add + promise[ tuple[ 1 ] ] = list.add; + + // Handle state + if ( stateString ) { + list.add( + function() { + + // state = "resolved" (i.e., fulfilled) + // state = "rejected" + state = stateString; + }, + + // rejected_callbacks.disable + // fulfilled_callbacks.disable + tuples[ 3 - i ][ 2 ].disable, + + // rejected_handlers.disable + // fulfilled_handlers.disable + tuples[ 3 - i ][ 3 ].disable, + + // progress_callbacks.lock + tuples[ 0 ][ 2 ].lock, + + // progress_handlers.lock + tuples[ 0 ][ 3 ].lock + ); + } + + // progress_handlers.fire + // fulfilled_handlers.fire + // rejected_handlers.fire + list.add( tuple[ 3 ].fire ); + + // deferred.notify = function() { deferred.notifyWith(...) } + // deferred.resolve = function() { deferred.resolveWith(...) } + // deferred.reject = function() { deferred.rejectWith(...) } + deferred[ tuple[ 0 ] ] = function() { + deferred[ tuple[ 0 ] + "With" ]( this === deferred ? undefined : this, arguments ); + return this; + }; + + // deferred.notifyWith = list.fireWith + // deferred.resolveWith = list.fireWith + // deferred.rejectWith = list.fireWith + deferred[ tuple[ 0 ] + "With" ] = list.fireWith; + } ); + + // Make the deferred a promise + promise.promise( deferred ); + + // Call given func if any + if ( func ) { + func.call( deferred, deferred ); + } + + // All done! + return deferred; + }, + + // Deferred helper + when: function( singleValue ) { + var + + // count of uncompleted subordinates + remaining = arguments.length, + + // count of unprocessed arguments + i = remaining, + + // subordinate fulfillment data + resolveContexts = Array( i ), + resolveValues = slice.call( arguments ), + + // the master Deferred + master = jQuery.Deferred(), + + // subordinate callback factory + updateFunc = function( i ) { + return function( value ) { + resolveContexts[ i ] = this; + resolveValues[ i ] = arguments.length > 1 ? slice.call( arguments ) : value; + if ( !( --remaining ) ) { + master.resolveWith( resolveContexts, resolveValues ); + } + }; + }; + + // Single- and empty arguments are adopted like Promise.resolve + if ( remaining <= 1 ) { + adoptValue( singleValue, master.done( updateFunc( i ) ).resolve, master.reject, + !remaining ); + + // Use .then() to unwrap secondary thenables (cf. gh-3000) + if ( master.state() === "pending" || + isFunction( resolveValues[ i ] && resolveValues[ i ].then ) ) { + + return master.then(); + } + } + + // Multiple arguments are aggregated like Promise.all array elements + while ( i-- ) { + adoptValue( resolveValues[ i ], updateFunc( i ), master.reject ); + } + + return master.promise(); + } +} ); + + +// These usually indicate a programmer mistake during development, +// warn about them ASAP rather than swallowing them by default. +var rerrorNames = /^(Eval|Internal|Range|Reference|Syntax|Type|URI)Error$/; + +jQuery.Deferred.exceptionHook = function( error, stack ) { + + // Support: IE 8 - 9 only + // Console exists when dev tools are open, which can happen at any time + if ( window.console && window.console.warn && error && rerrorNames.test( error.name ) ) { + window.console.warn( "jQuery.Deferred exception: " + error.message, error.stack, stack ); + } +}; + + + + +jQuery.readyException = function( error ) { + window.setTimeout( function() { + throw error; + } ); +}; + + + + +// The deferred used on DOM ready +var readyList = jQuery.Deferred(); + +jQuery.fn.ready = function( fn ) { + + readyList + .then( fn ) + + // Wrap jQuery.readyException in a function so that the lookup + // happens at the time of error handling instead of callback + // registration. + .catch( function( error ) { + jQuery.readyException( error ); + } ); + + return this; +}; + +jQuery.extend( { + + // Is the DOM ready to be used? Set to true once it occurs. + isReady: false, + + // A counter to track how many items to wait for before + // the ready event fires. See #6781 + readyWait: 1, + + // Handle when the DOM is ready + ready: function( wait ) { + + // Abort if there are pending holds or we're already ready + if ( wait === true ? --jQuery.readyWait : jQuery.isReady ) { + return; + } + + // Remember that the DOM is ready + jQuery.isReady = true; + + // If a normal DOM Ready event fired, decrement, and wait if need be + if ( wait !== true && --jQuery.readyWait > 0 ) { + return; + } + + // If there are functions bound, to execute + readyList.resolveWith( document, [ jQuery ] ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.ready.then = readyList.then; + +// The ready event handler and self cleanup method +function completed() { + document.removeEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", completed ); + window.removeEventListener( "load", completed ); + jQuery.ready(); +} + +// Catch cases where $(document).ready() is called +// after the browser event has already occurred. +// Support: IE <=9 - 10 only +// Older IE sometimes signals "interactive" too soon +if ( document.readyState === "complete" || + ( document.readyState !== "loading" && !document.documentElement.doScroll ) ) { + + // Handle it asynchronously to allow scripts the opportunity to delay ready + window.setTimeout( jQuery.ready ); + +} else { + + // Use the handy event callback + document.addEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", completed ); + + // A fallback to window.onload, that will always work + window.addEventListener( "load", completed ); +} + + + + +// Multifunctional method to get and set values of a collection +// The value/s can optionally be executed if it's a function +var access = function( elems, fn, key, value, chainable, emptyGet, raw ) { + var i = 0, + len = elems.length, + bulk = key == null; + + // Sets many values + if ( toType( key ) === "object" ) { + chainable = true; + for ( i in key ) { + access( elems, fn, i, key[ i ], true, emptyGet, raw ); + } + + // Sets one value + } else if ( value !== undefined ) { + chainable = true; + + if ( !isFunction( value ) ) { + raw = true; + } + + if ( bulk ) { + + // Bulk operations run against the entire set + if ( raw ) { + fn.call( elems, value ); + fn = null; + + // ...except when executing function values + } else { + bulk = fn; + fn = function( elem, _key, value ) { + return bulk.call( jQuery( elem ), value ); + }; + } + } + + if ( fn ) { + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + fn( + elems[ i ], key, raw ? + value : + value.call( elems[ i ], i, fn( elems[ i ], key ) ) + ); + } + } + } + + if ( chainable ) { + return elems; + } + + // Gets + if ( bulk ) { + return fn.call( elems ); + } + + return len ? fn( elems[ 0 ], key ) : emptyGet; +}; + + +// Matches dashed string for camelizing +var rmsPrefix = /^-ms-/, + rdashAlpha = /-([a-z])/g; + +// Used by camelCase as callback to replace() +function fcamelCase( _all, letter ) { + return letter.toUpperCase(); +} + +// Convert dashed to camelCase; used by the css and data modules +// Support: IE <=9 - 11, Edge 12 - 15 +// Microsoft forgot to hump their vendor prefix (#9572) +function camelCase( string ) { + return string.replace( rmsPrefix, "ms-" ).replace( rdashAlpha, fcamelCase ); +} +var acceptData = function( owner ) { + + // Accepts only: + // - Node + // - Node.ELEMENT_NODE + // - Node.DOCUMENT_NODE + // - Object + // - Any + return owner.nodeType === 1 || owner.nodeType === 9 || !( +owner.nodeType ); +}; + + + + +function Data() { + this.expando = jQuery.expando + Data.uid++; +} + +Data.uid = 1; + +Data.prototype = { + + cache: function( owner ) { + + // Check if the owner object already has a cache + var value = owner[ this.expando ]; + + // If not, create one + if ( !value ) { + value = {}; + + // We can accept data for non-element nodes in modern browsers, + // but we should not, see #8335. + // Always return an empty object. + if ( acceptData( owner ) ) { + + // If it is a node unlikely to be stringify-ed or looped over + // use plain assignment + if ( owner.nodeType ) { + owner[ this.expando ] = value; + + // Otherwise secure it in a non-enumerable property + // configurable must be true to allow the property to be + // deleted when data is removed + } else { + Object.defineProperty( owner, this.expando, { + value: value, + configurable: true + } ); + } + } + } + + return value; + }, + set: function( owner, data, value ) { + var prop, + cache = this.cache( owner ); + + // Handle: [ owner, key, value ] args + // Always use camelCase key (gh-2257) + if ( typeof data === "string" ) { + cache[ camelCase( data ) ] = value; + + // Handle: [ owner, { properties } ] args + } else { + + // Copy the properties one-by-one to the cache object + for ( prop in data ) { + cache[ camelCase( prop ) ] = data[ prop ]; + } + } + return cache; + }, + get: function( owner, key ) { + return key === undefined ? + this.cache( owner ) : + + // Always use camelCase key (gh-2257) + owner[ this.expando ] && owner[ this.expando ][ camelCase( key ) ]; + }, + access: function( owner, key, value ) { + + // In cases where either: + // + // 1. No key was specified + // 2. A string key was specified, but no value provided + // + // Take the "read" path and allow the get method to determine + // which value to return, respectively either: + // + // 1. The entire cache object + // 2. The data stored at the key + // + if ( key === undefined || + ( ( key && typeof key === "string" ) && value === undefined ) ) { + + return this.get( owner, key ); + } + + // When the key is not a string, or both a key and value + // are specified, set or extend (existing objects) with either: + // + // 1. An object of properties + // 2. A key and value + // + this.set( owner, key, value ); + + // Since the "set" path can have two possible entry points + // return the expected data based on which path was taken[*] + return value !== undefined ? value : key; + }, + remove: function( owner, key ) { + var i, + cache = owner[ this.expando ]; + + if ( cache === undefined ) { + return; + } + + if ( key !== undefined ) { + + // Support array or space separated string of keys + if ( Array.isArray( key ) ) { + + // If key is an array of keys... + // We always set camelCase keys, so remove that. + key = key.map( camelCase ); + } else { + key = camelCase( key ); + + // If a key with the spaces exists, use it. + // Otherwise, create an array by matching non-whitespace + key = key in cache ? + [ key ] : + ( key.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [] ); + } + + i = key.length; + + while ( i-- ) { + delete cache[ key[ i ] ]; + } + } + + // Remove the expando if there's no more data + if ( key === undefined || jQuery.isEmptyObject( cache ) ) { + + // Support: Chrome <=35 - 45 + // Webkit & Blink performance suffers when deleting properties + // from DOM nodes, so set to undefined instead + // https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=378607 (bug restricted) + if ( owner.nodeType ) { + owner[ this.expando ] = undefined; + } else { + delete owner[ this.expando ]; + } + } + }, + hasData: function( owner ) { + var cache = owner[ this.expando ]; + return cache !== undefined && !jQuery.isEmptyObject( cache ); + } +}; +var dataPriv = new Data(); + +var dataUser = new Data(); + + + +// Implementation Summary +// +// 1. Enforce API surface and semantic compatibility with 1.9.x branch +// 2. Improve the module's maintainability by reducing the storage +// paths to a single mechanism. +// 3. Use the same single mechanism to support "private" and "user" data. +// 4. _Never_ expose "private" data to user code (TODO: Drop _data, _removeData) +// 5. Avoid exposing implementation details on user objects (eg. expando properties) +// 6. Provide a clear path for implementation upgrade to WeakMap in 2014 + +var rbrace = /^(?:\{[\w\W]*\}|\[[\w\W]*\])$/, + rmultiDash = /[A-Z]/g; + +function getData( data ) { + if ( data === "true" ) { + return true; + } + + if ( data === "false" ) { + return false; + } + + if ( data === "null" ) { + return null; + } + + // Only convert to a number if it doesn't change the string + if ( data === +data + "" ) { + return +data; + } + + if ( rbrace.test( data ) ) { + return JSON.parse( data ); + } + + return data; +} + +function dataAttr( elem, key, data ) { + var name; + + // If nothing was found internally, try to fetch any + // data from the HTML5 data-* attribute + if ( data === undefined && elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + name = "data-" + key.replace( rmultiDash, "-$&" ).toLowerCase(); + data = elem.getAttribute( name ); + + if ( typeof data === "string" ) { + try { + data = getData( data ); + } catch ( e ) {} + + // Make sure we set the data so it isn't changed later + dataUser.set( elem, key, data ); + } else { + data = undefined; + } + } + return data; +} + +jQuery.extend( { + hasData: function( elem ) { + return dataUser.hasData( elem ) || dataPriv.hasData( elem ); + }, + + data: function( elem, name, data ) { + return dataUser.access( elem, name, data ); + }, + + removeData: function( elem, name ) { + dataUser.remove( elem, name ); + }, + + // TODO: Now that all calls to _data and _removeData have been replaced + // with direct calls to dataPriv methods, these can be deprecated. + _data: function( elem, name, data ) { + return dataPriv.access( elem, name, data ); + }, + + _removeData: function( elem, name ) { + dataPriv.remove( elem, name ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + data: function( key, value ) { + var i, name, data, + elem = this[ 0 ], + attrs = elem && elem.attributes; + + // Gets all values + if ( key === undefined ) { + if ( this.length ) { + data = dataUser.get( elem ); + + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 && !dataPriv.get( elem, "hasDataAttrs" ) ) { + i = attrs.length; + while ( i-- ) { + + // Support: IE 11 only + // The attrs elements can be null (#14894) + if ( attrs[ i ] ) { + name = attrs[ i ].name; + if ( name.indexOf( "data-" ) === 0 ) { + name = camelCase( name.slice( 5 ) ); + dataAttr( elem, name, data[ name ] ); + } + } + } + dataPriv.set( elem, "hasDataAttrs", true ); + } + } + + return data; + } + + // Sets multiple values + if ( typeof key === "object" ) { + return this.each( function() { + dataUser.set( this, key ); + } ); + } + + return access( this, function( value ) { + var data; + + // The calling jQuery object (element matches) is not empty + // (and therefore has an element appears at this[ 0 ]) and the + // `value` parameter was not undefined. An empty jQuery object + // will result in `undefined` for elem = this[ 0 ] which will + // throw an exception if an attempt to read a data cache is made. + if ( elem && value === undefined ) { + + // Attempt to get data from the cache + // The key will always be camelCased in Data + data = dataUser.get( elem, key ); + if ( data !== undefined ) { + return data; + } + + // Attempt to "discover" the data in + // HTML5 custom data-* attrs + data = dataAttr( elem, key ); + if ( data !== undefined ) { + return data; + } + + // We tried really hard, but the data doesn't exist. + return; + } + + // Set the data... + this.each( function() { + + // We always store the camelCased key + dataUser.set( this, key, value ); + } ); + }, null, value, arguments.length > 1, null, true ); + }, + + removeData: function( key ) { + return this.each( function() { + dataUser.remove( this, key ); + } ); + } +} ); + + +jQuery.extend( { + queue: function( elem, type, data ) { + var queue; + + if ( elem ) { + type = ( type || "fx" ) + "queue"; + queue = dataPriv.get( elem, type ); + + // Speed up dequeue by getting out quickly if this is just a lookup + if ( data ) { + if ( !queue || Array.isArray( data ) ) { + queue = dataPriv.access( elem, type, jQuery.makeArray( data ) ); + } else { + queue.push( data ); + } + } + return queue || []; + } + }, + + dequeue: function( elem, type ) { + type = type || "fx"; + + var queue = jQuery.queue( elem, type ), + startLength = queue.length, + fn = queue.shift(), + hooks = jQuery._queueHooks( elem, type ), + next = function() { + jQuery.dequeue( elem, type ); + }; + + // If the fx queue is dequeued, always remove the progress sentinel + if ( fn === "inprogress" ) { + fn = queue.shift(); + startLength--; + } + + if ( fn ) { + + // Add a progress sentinel to prevent the fx queue from being + // automatically dequeued + if ( type === "fx" ) { + queue.unshift( "inprogress" ); + } + + // Clear up the last queue stop function + delete hooks.stop; + fn.call( elem, next, hooks ); + } + + if ( !startLength && hooks ) { + hooks.empty.fire(); + } + }, + + // Not public - generate a queueHooks object, or return the current one + _queueHooks: function( elem, type ) { + var key = type + "queueHooks"; + return dataPriv.get( elem, key ) || dataPriv.access( elem, key, { + empty: jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ).add( function() { + dataPriv.remove( elem, [ type + "queue", key ] ); + } ) + } ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + queue: function( type, data ) { + var setter = 2; + + if ( typeof type !== "string" ) { + data = type; + type = "fx"; + setter--; + } + + if ( arguments.length < setter ) { + return jQuery.queue( this[ 0 ], type ); + } + + return data === undefined ? + this : + this.each( function() { + var queue = jQuery.queue( this, type, data ); + + // Ensure a hooks for this queue + jQuery._queueHooks( this, type ); + + if ( type === "fx" && queue[ 0 ] !== "inprogress" ) { + jQuery.dequeue( this, type ); + } + } ); + }, + dequeue: function( type ) { + return this.each( function() { + jQuery.dequeue( this, type ); + } ); + }, + clearQueue: function( type ) { + return this.queue( type || "fx", [] ); + }, + + // Get a promise resolved when queues of a certain type + // are emptied (fx is the type by default) + promise: function( type, obj ) { + var tmp, + count = 1, + defer = jQuery.Deferred(), + elements = this, + i = this.length, + resolve = function() { + if ( !( --count ) ) { + defer.resolveWith( elements, [ elements ] ); + } + }; + + if ( typeof type !== "string" ) { + obj = type; + type = undefined; + } + type = type || "fx"; + + while ( i-- ) { + tmp = dataPriv.get( elements[ i ], type + "queueHooks" ); + if ( tmp && tmp.empty ) { + count++; + tmp.empty.add( resolve ); + } + } + resolve(); + return defer.promise( obj ); + } +} ); +var pnum = ( /[+-]?(?:\d*\.|)\d+(?:[eE][+-]?\d+|)/ ).source; + +var rcssNum = new RegExp( "^(?:([+-])=|)(" + pnum + ")([a-z%]*)$", "i" ); + + +var cssExpand = [ "Top", "Right", "Bottom", "Left" ]; + +var documentElement = document.documentElement; + + + + var isAttached = function( elem ) { + return jQuery.contains( elem.ownerDocument, elem ); + }, + composed = { composed: true }; + + // Support: IE 9 - 11+, Edge 12 - 18+, iOS 10.0 - 10.2 only + // Check attachment across shadow DOM boundaries when possible (gh-3504) + // Support: iOS 10.0-10.2 only + // Early iOS 10 versions support `attachShadow` but not `getRootNode`, + // leading to errors. We need to check for `getRootNode`. + if ( documentElement.getRootNode ) { + isAttached = function( elem ) { + return jQuery.contains( elem.ownerDocument, elem ) || + elem.getRootNode( composed ) === elem.ownerDocument; + }; + } +var isHiddenWithinTree = function( elem, el ) { + + // isHiddenWithinTree might be called from jQuery#filter function; + // in that case, element will be second argument + elem = el || elem; + + // Inline style trumps all + return elem.style.display === "none" || + elem.style.display === "" && + + // Otherwise, check computed style + // Support: Firefox <=43 - 45 + // Disconnected elements can have computed display: none, so first confirm that elem is + // in the document. + isAttached( elem ) && + + jQuery.css( elem, "display" ) === "none"; + }; + + + +function adjustCSS( elem, prop, valueParts, tween ) { + var adjusted, scale, + maxIterations = 20, + currentValue = tween ? + function() { + return tween.cur(); + } : + function() { + return jQuery.css( elem, prop, "" ); + }, + initial = currentValue(), + unit = valueParts && valueParts[ 3 ] || ( jQuery.cssNumber[ prop ] ? "" : "px" ), + + // Starting value computation is required for potential unit mismatches + initialInUnit = elem.nodeType && + ( jQuery.cssNumber[ prop ] || unit !== "px" && +initial ) && + rcssNum.exec( jQuery.css( elem, prop ) ); + + if ( initialInUnit && initialInUnit[ 3 ] !== unit ) { + + // Support: Firefox <=54 + // Halve the iteration target value to prevent interference from CSS upper bounds (gh-2144) + initial = initial / 2; + + // Trust units reported by jQuery.css + unit = unit || initialInUnit[ 3 ]; + + // Iteratively approximate from a nonzero starting point + initialInUnit = +initial || 1; + + while ( maxIterations-- ) { + + // Evaluate and update our best guess (doubling guesses that zero out). + // Finish if the scale equals or crosses 1 (making the old*new product non-positive). + jQuery.style( elem, prop, initialInUnit + unit ); + if ( ( 1 - scale ) * ( 1 - ( scale = currentValue() / initial || 0.5 ) ) <= 0 ) { + maxIterations = 0; + } + initialInUnit = initialInUnit / scale; + + } + + initialInUnit = initialInUnit * 2; + jQuery.style( elem, prop, initialInUnit + unit ); + + // Make sure we update the tween properties later on + valueParts = valueParts || []; + } + + if ( valueParts ) { + initialInUnit = +initialInUnit || +initial || 0; + + // Apply relative offset (+=/-=) if specified + adjusted = valueParts[ 1 ] ? + initialInUnit + ( valueParts[ 1 ] + 1 ) * valueParts[ 2 ] : + +valueParts[ 2 ]; + if ( tween ) { + tween.unit = unit; + tween.start = initialInUnit; + tween.end = adjusted; + } + } + return adjusted; +} + + +var defaultDisplayMap = {}; + +function getDefaultDisplay( elem ) { + var temp, + doc = elem.ownerDocument, + nodeName = elem.nodeName, + display = defaultDisplayMap[ nodeName ]; + + if ( display ) { + return display; + } + + temp = doc.body.appendChild( doc.createElement( nodeName ) ); + display = jQuery.css( temp, "display" ); + + temp.parentNode.removeChild( temp ); + + if ( display === "none" ) { + display = "block"; + } + defaultDisplayMap[ nodeName ] = display; + + return display; +} + +function showHide( elements, show ) { + var display, elem, + values = [], + index = 0, + length = elements.length; + + // Determine new display value for elements that need to change + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + elem = elements[ index ]; + if ( !elem.style ) { + continue; + } + + display = elem.style.display; + if ( show ) { + + // Since we force visibility upon cascade-hidden elements, an immediate (and slow) + // check is required in this first loop unless we have a nonempty display value (either + // inline or about-to-be-restored) + if ( display === "none" ) { + values[ index ] = dataPriv.get( elem, "display" ) || null; + if ( !values[ index ] ) { + elem.style.display = ""; + } + } + if ( elem.style.display === "" && isHiddenWithinTree( elem ) ) { + values[ index ] = getDefaultDisplay( elem ); + } + } else { + if ( display !== "none" ) { + values[ index ] = "none"; + + // Remember what we're overwriting + dataPriv.set( elem, "display", display ); + } + } + } + + // Set the display of the elements in a second loop to avoid constant reflow + for ( index = 0; index < length; index++ ) { + if ( values[ index ] != null ) { + elements[ index ].style.display = values[ index ]; + } + } + + return elements; +} + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + show: function() { + return showHide( this, true ); + }, + hide: function() { + return showHide( this ); + }, + toggle: function( state ) { + if ( typeof state === "boolean" ) { + return state ? this.show() : this.hide(); + } + + return this.each( function() { + if ( isHiddenWithinTree( this ) ) { + jQuery( this ).show(); + } else { + jQuery( this ).hide(); + } + } ); + } +} ); +var rcheckableType = ( /^(?:checkbox|radio)$/i ); + +var rtagName = ( /<([a-z][^\/\0>\x20\t\r\n\f]*)/i ); + +var rscriptType = ( /^$|^module$|\/(?:java|ecma)script/i ); + + + +( function() { + var fragment = document.createDocumentFragment(), + div = fragment.appendChild( document.createElement( "div" ) ), + input = document.createElement( "input" ); + + // Support: Android 4.0 - 4.3 only + // Check state lost if the name is set (#11217) + // Support: Windows Web Apps (WWA) + // `name` and `type` must use .setAttribute for WWA (#14901) + input.setAttribute( "type", "radio" ); + input.setAttribute( "checked", "checked" ); + input.setAttribute( "name", "t" ); + + div.appendChild( input ); + + // Support: Android <=4.1 only + // Older WebKit doesn't clone checked state correctly in fragments + support.checkClone = div.cloneNode( true ).cloneNode( true ).lastChild.checked; + + // Support: IE <=11 only + // Make sure textarea (and checkbox) defaultValue is properly cloned + div.innerHTML = ""; + support.noCloneChecked = !!div.cloneNode( true ).lastChild.defaultValue; + + // Support: IE <=9 only + // IE <=9 replaces "; + support.option = !!div.lastChild; +} )(); + + +// We have to close these tags to support XHTML (#13200) +var wrapMap = { + + // XHTML parsers do not magically insert elements in the + // same way that tag soup parsers do. So we cannot shorten + // this by omitting or other required elements. + thead: [ 1, "", "
" ], + col: [ 2, "", "
" ], + tr: [ 2, "", "
" ], + td: [ 3, "", "
" ], + + _default: [ 0, "", "" ] +}; + +wrapMap.tbody = wrapMap.tfoot = wrapMap.colgroup = wrapMap.caption = wrapMap.thead; +wrapMap.th = wrapMap.td; + +// Support: IE <=9 only +if ( !support.option ) { + wrapMap.optgroup = wrapMap.option = [ 1, "" ]; +} + + +function getAll( context, tag ) { + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11 only + // Use typeof to avoid zero-argument method invocation on host objects (#15151) + var ret; + + if ( typeof context.getElementsByTagName !== "undefined" ) { + ret = context.getElementsByTagName( tag || "*" ); + + } else if ( typeof context.querySelectorAll !== "undefined" ) { + ret = context.querySelectorAll( tag || "*" ); + + } else { + ret = []; + } + + if ( tag === undefined || tag && nodeName( context, tag ) ) { + return jQuery.merge( [ context ], ret ); + } + + return ret; +} + + +// Mark scripts as having already been evaluated +function setGlobalEval( elems, refElements ) { + var i = 0, + l = elems.length; + + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + dataPriv.set( + elems[ i ], + "globalEval", + !refElements || dataPriv.get( refElements[ i ], "globalEval" ) + ); + } +} + + +var rhtml = /<|&#?\w+;/; + +function buildFragment( elems, context, scripts, selection, ignored ) { + var elem, tmp, tag, wrap, attached, j, + fragment = context.createDocumentFragment(), + nodes = [], + i = 0, + l = elems.length; + + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + elem = elems[ i ]; + + if ( elem || elem === 0 ) { + + // Add nodes directly + if ( toType( elem ) === "object" ) { + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only + // push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit + jQuery.merge( nodes, elem.nodeType ? [ elem ] : elem ); + + // Convert non-html into a text node + } else if ( !rhtml.test( elem ) ) { + nodes.push( context.createTextNode( elem ) ); + + // Convert html into DOM nodes + } else { + tmp = tmp || fragment.appendChild( context.createElement( "div" ) ); + + // Deserialize a standard representation + tag = ( rtagName.exec( elem ) || [ "", "" ] )[ 1 ].toLowerCase(); + wrap = wrapMap[ tag ] || wrapMap._default; + tmp.innerHTML = wrap[ 1 ] + jQuery.htmlPrefilter( elem ) + wrap[ 2 ]; + + // Descend through wrappers to the right content + j = wrap[ 0 ]; + while ( j-- ) { + tmp = tmp.lastChild; + } + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only + // push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit + jQuery.merge( nodes, tmp.childNodes ); + + // Remember the top-level container + tmp = fragment.firstChild; + + // Ensure the created nodes are orphaned (#12392) + tmp.textContent = ""; + } + } + } + + // Remove wrapper from fragment + fragment.textContent = ""; + + i = 0; + while ( ( elem = nodes[ i++ ] ) ) { + + // Skip elements already in the context collection (trac-4087) + if ( selection && jQuery.inArray( elem, selection ) > -1 ) { + if ( ignored ) { + ignored.push( elem ); + } + continue; + } + + attached = isAttached( elem ); + + // Append to fragment + tmp = getAll( fragment.appendChild( elem ), "script" ); + + // Preserve script evaluation history + if ( attached ) { + setGlobalEval( tmp ); + } + + // Capture executables + if ( scripts ) { + j = 0; + while ( ( elem = tmp[ j++ ] ) ) { + if ( rscriptType.test( elem.type || "" ) ) { + scripts.push( elem ); + } + } + } + } + + return fragment; +} + + +var + rkeyEvent = /^key/, + rmouseEvent = /^(?:mouse|pointer|contextmenu|drag|drop)|click/, + rtypenamespace = /^([^.]*)(?:\.(.+)|)/; + +function returnTrue() { + return true; +} + +function returnFalse() { + return false; +} + +// Support: IE <=9 - 11+ +// focus() and blur() are asynchronous, except when they are no-op. +// So expect focus to be synchronous when the element is already active, +// and blur to be synchronous when the element is not already active. +// (focus and blur are always synchronous in other supported browsers, +// this just defines when we can count on it). +function expectSync( elem, type ) { + return ( elem === safeActiveElement() ) === ( type === "focus" ); +} + +// Support: IE <=9 only +// Accessing document.activeElement can throw unexpectedly +// https://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/13393 +function safeActiveElement() { + try { + return document.activeElement; + } catch ( err ) { } +} + +function on( elem, types, selector, data, fn, one ) { + var origFn, type; + + // Types can be a map of types/handlers + if ( typeof types === "object" ) { + + // ( types-Object, selector, data ) + if ( typeof selector !== "string" ) { + + // ( types-Object, data ) + data = data || selector; + selector = undefined; + } + for ( type in types ) { + on( elem, type, selector, data, types[ type ], one ); + } + return elem; + } + + if ( data == null && fn == null ) { + + // ( types, fn ) + fn = selector; + data = selector = undefined; + } else if ( fn == null ) { + if ( typeof selector === "string" ) { + + // ( types, selector, fn ) + fn = data; + data = undefined; + } else { + + // ( types, data, fn ) + fn = data; + data = selector; + selector = undefined; + } + } + if ( fn === false ) { + fn = returnFalse; + } else if ( !fn ) { + return elem; + } + + if ( one === 1 ) { + origFn = fn; + fn = function( event ) { + + // Can use an empty set, since event contains the info + jQuery().off( event ); + return origFn.apply( this, arguments ); + }; + + // Use same guid so caller can remove using origFn + fn.guid = origFn.guid || ( origFn.guid = jQuery.guid++ ); + } + return elem.each( function() { + jQuery.event.add( this, types, fn, data, selector ); + } ); +} + +/* + * Helper functions for managing events -- not part of the public interface. + * Props to Dean Edwards' addEvent library for many of the ideas. + */ +jQuery.event = { + + global: {}, + + add: function( elem, types, handler, data, selector ) { + + var handleObjIn, eventHandle, tmp, + events, t, handleObj, + special, handlers, type, namespaces, origType, + elemData = dataPriv.get( elem ); + + // Only attach events to objects that accept data + if ( !acceptData( elem ) ) { + return; + } + + // Caller can pass in an object of custom data in lieu of the handler + if ( handler.handler ) { + handleObjIn = handler; + handler = handleObjIn.handler; + selector = handleObjIn.selector; + } + + // Ensure that invalid selectors throw exceptions at attach time + // Evaluate against documentElement in case elem is a non-element node (e.g., document) + if ( selector ) { + jQuery.find.matchesSelector( documentElement, selector ); + } + + // Make sure that the handler has a unique ID, used to find/remove it later + if ( !handler.guid ) { + handler.guid = jQuery.guid++; + } + + // Init the element's event structure and main handler, if this is the first + if ( !( events = elemData.events ) ) { + events = elemData.events = Object.create( null ); + } + if ( !( eventHandle = elemData.handle ) ) { + eventHandle = elemData.handle = function( e ) { + + // Discard the second event of a jQuery.event.trigger() and + // when an event is called after a page has unloaded + return typeof jQuery !== "undefined" && jQuery.event.triggered !== e.type ? + jQuery.event.dispatch.apply( elem, arguments ) : undefined; + }; + } + + // Handle multiple events separated by a space + types = ( types || "" ).match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [ "" ]; + t = types.length; + while ( t-- ) { + tmp = rtypenamespace.exec( types[ t ] ) || []; + type = origType = tmp[ 1 ]; + namespaces = ( tmp[ 2 ] || "" ).split( "." ).sort(); + + // There *must* be a type, no attaching namespace-only handlers + if ( !type ) { + continue; + } + + // If event changes its type, use the special event handlers for the changed type + special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {}; + + // If selector defined, determine special event api type, otherwise given type + type = ( selector ? special.delegateType : special.bindType ) || type; + + // Update special based on newly reset type + special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {}; + + // handleObj is passed to all event handlers + handleObj = jQuery.extend( { + type: type, + origType: origType, + data: data, + handler: handler, + guid: handler.guid, + selector: selector, + needsContext: selector && jQuery.expr.match.needsContext.test( selector ), + namespace: namespaces.join( "." ) + }, handleObjIn ); + + // Init the event handler queue if we're the first + if ( !( handlers = events[ type ] ) ) { + handlers = events[ type ] = []; + handlers.delegateCount = 0; + + // Only use addEventListener if the special events handler returns false + if ( !special.setup || + special.setup.call( elem, data, namespaces, eventHandle ) === false ) { + + if ( elem.addEventListener ) { + elem.addEventListener( type, eventHandle ); + } + } + } + + if ( special.add ) { + special.add.call( elem, handleObj ); + + if ( !handleObj.handler.guid ) { + handleObj.handler.guid = handler.guid; + } + } + + // Add to the element's handler list, delegates in front + if ( selector ) { + handlers.splice( handlers.delegateCount++, 0, handleObj ); + } else { + handlers.push( handleObj ); + } + + // Keep track of which events have ever been used, for event optimization + jQuery.event.global[ type ] = true; + } + + }, + + // Detach an event or set of events from an element + remove: function( elem, types, handler, selector, mappedTypes ) { + + var j, origCount, tmp, + events, t, handleObj, + special, handlers, type, namespaces, origType, + elemData = dataPriv.hasData( elem ) && dataPriv.get( elem ); + + if ( !elemData || !( events = elemData.events ) ) { + return; + } + + // Once for each type.namespace in types; type may be omitted + types = ( types || "" ).match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [ "" ]; + t = types.length; + while ( t-- ) { + tmp = rtypenamespace.exec( types[ t ] ) || []; + type = origType = tmp[ 1 ]; + namespaces = ( tmp[ 2 ] || "" ).split( "." ).sort(); + + // Unbind all events (on this namespace, if provided) for the element + if ( !type ) { + for ( type in events ) { + jQuery.event.remove( elem, type + types[ t ], handler, selector, true ); + } + continue; + } + + special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {}; + type = ( selector ? special.delegateType : special.bindType ) || type; + handlers = events[ type ] || []; + tmp = tmp[ 2 ] && + new RegExp( "(^|\\.)" + namespaces.join( "\\.(?:.*\\.|)" ) + "(\\.|$)" ); + + // Remove matching events + origCount = j = handlers.length; + while ( j-- ) { + handleObj = handlers[ j ]; + + if ( ( mappedTypes || origType === handleObj.origType ) && + ( !handler || handler.guid === handleObj.guid ) && + ( !tmp || tmp.test( handleObj.namespace ) ) && + ( !selector || selector === handleObj.selector || + selector === "**" && handleObj.selector ) ) { + handlers.splice( j, 1 ); + + if ( handleObj.selector ) { + handlers.delegateCount--; + } + if ( special.remove ) { + special.remove.call( elem, handleObj ); + } + } + } + + // Remove generic event handler if we removed something and no more handlers exist + // (avoids potential for endless recursion during removal of special event handlers) + if ( origCount && !handlers.length ) { + if ( !special.teardown || + special.teardown.call( elem, namespaces, elemData.handle ) === false ) { + + jQuery.removeEvent( elem, type, elemData.handle ); + } + + delete events[ type ]; + } + } + + // Remove data and the expando if it's no longer used + if ( jQuery.isEmptyObject( events ) ) { + dataPriv.remove( elem, "handle events" ); + } + }, + + dispatch: function( nativeEvent ) { + + var i, j, ret, matched, handleObj, handlerQueue, + args = new Array( arguments.length ), + + // Make a writable jQuery.Event from the native event object + event = jQuery.event.fix( nativeEvent ), + + handlers = ( + dataPriv.get( this, "events" ) || Object.create( null ) + )[ event.type ] || [], + special = jQuery.event.special[ event.type ] || {}; + + // Use the fix-ed jQuery.Event rather than the (read-only) native event + args[ 0 ] = event; + + for ( i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++ ) { + args[ i ] = arguments[ i ]; + } + + event.delegateTarget = this; + + // Call the preDispatch hook for the mapped type, and let it bail if desired + if ( special.preDispatch && special.preDispatch.call( this, event ) === false ) { + return; + } + + // Determine handlers + handlerQueue = jQuery.event.handlers.call( this, event, handlers ); + + // Run delegates first; they may want to stop propagation beneath us + i = 0; + while ( ( matched = handlerQueue[ i++ ] ) && !event.isPropagationStopped() ) { + event.currentTarget = matched.elem; + + j = 0; + while ( ( handleObj = matched.handlers[ j++ ] ) && + !event.isImmediatePropagationStopped() ) { + + // If the event is namespaced, then each handler is only invoked if it is + // specially universal or its namespaces are a superset of the event's. + if ( !event.rnamespace || handleObj.namespace === false || + event.rnamespace.test( handleObj.namespace ) ) { + + event.handleObj = handleObj; + event.data = handleObj.data; + + ret = ( ( jQuery.event.special[ handleObj.origType ] || {} ).handle || + handleObj.handler ).apply( matched.elem, args ); + + if ( ret !== undefined ) { + if ( ( event.result = ret ) === false ) { + event.preventDefault(); + event.stopPropagation(); + } + } + } + } + } + + // Call the postDispatch hook for the mapped type + if ( special.postDispatch ) { + special.postDispatch.call( this, event ); + } + + return event.result; + }, + + handlers: function( event, handlers ) { + var i, handleObj, sel, matchedHandlers, matchedSelectors, + handlerQueue = [], + delegateCount = handlers.delegateCount, + cur = event.target; + + // Find delegate handlers + if ( delegateCount && + + // Support: IE <=9 + // Black-hole SVG instance trees (trac-13180) + cur.nodeType && + + // Support: Firefox <=42 + // Suppress spec-violating clicks indicating a non-primary pointer button (trac-3861) + // https://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Events/#event-type-click + // Support: IE 11 only + // ...but not arrow key "clicks" of radio inputs, which can have `button` -1 (gh-2343) + !( event.type === "click" && event.button >= 1 ) ) { + + for ( ; cur !== this; cur = cur.parentNode || this ) { + + // Don't check non-elements (#13208) + // Don't process clicks on disabled elements (#6911, #8165, #11382, #11764) + if ( cur.nodeType === 1 && !( event.type === "click" && cur.disabled === true ) ) { + matchedHandlers = []; + matchedSelectors = {}; + for ( i = 0; i < delegateCount; i++ ) { + handleObj = handlers[ i ]; + + // Don't conflict with Object.prototype properties (#13203) + sel = handleObj.selector + " "; + + if ( matchedSelectors[ sel ] === undefined ) { + matchedSelectors[ sel ] = handleObj.needsContext ? + jQuery( sel, this ).index( cur ) > -1 : + jQuery.find( sel, this, null, [ cur ] ).length; + } + if ( matchedSelectors[ sel ] ) { + matchedHandlers.push( handleObj ); + } + } + if ( matchedHandlers.length ) { + handlerQueue.push( { elem: cur, handlers: matchedHandlers } ); + } + } + } + } + + // Add the remaining (directly-bound) handlers + cur = this; + if ( delegateCount < handlers.length ) { + handlerQueue.push( { elem: cur, handlers: handlers.slice( delegateCount ) } ); + } + + return handlerQueue; + }, + + addProp: function( name, hook ) { + Object.defineProperty( jQuery.Event.prototype, name, { + enumerable: true, + configurable: true, + + get: isFunction( hook ) ? + function() { + if ( this.originalEvent ) { + return hook( this.originalEvent ); + } + } : + function() { + if ( this.originalEvent ) { + return this.originalEvent[ name ]; + } + }, + + set: function( value ) { + Object.defineProperty( this, name, { + enumerable: true, + configurable: true, + writable: true, + value: value + } ); + } + } ); + }, + + fix: function( originalEvent ) { + return originalEvent[ jQuery.expando ] ? + originalEvent : + new jQuery.Event( originalEvent ); + }, + + special: { + load: { + + // Prevent triggered image.load events from bubbling to window.load + noBubble: true + }, + click: { + + // Utilize native event to ensure correct state for checkable inputs + setup: function( data ) { + + // For mutual compressibility with _default, replace `this` access with a local var. + // `|| data` is dead code meant only to preserve the variable through minification. + var el = this || data; + + // Claim the first handler + if ( rcheckableType.test( el.type ) && + el.click && nodeName( el, "input" ) ) { + + // dataPriv.set( el, "click", ... ) + leverageNative( el, "click", returnTrue ); + } + + // Return false to allow normal processing in the caller + return false; + }, + trigger: function( data ) { + + // For mutual compressibility with _default, replace `this` access with a local var. + // `|| data` is dead code meant only to preserve the variable through minification. + var el = this || data; + + // Force setup before triggering a click + if ( rcheckableType.test( el.type ) && + el.click && nodeName( el, "input" ) ) { + + leverageNative( el, "click" ); + } + + // Return non-false to allow normal event-path propagation + return true; + }, + + // For cross-browser consistency, suppress native .click() on links + // Also prevent it if we're currently inside a leveraged native-event stack + _default: function( event ) { + var target = event.target; + return rcheckableType.test( target.type ) && + target.click && nodeName( target, "input" ) && + dataPriv.get( target, "click" ) || + nodeName( target, "a" ); + } + }, + + beforeunload: { + postDispatch: function( event ) { + + // Support: Firefox 20+ + // Firefox doesn't alert if the returnValue field is not set. + if ( event.result !== undefined && event.originalEvent ) { + event.originalEvent.returnValue = event.result; + } + } + } + } +}; + +// Ensure the presence of an event listener that handles manually-triggered +// synthetic events by interrupting progress until reinvoked in response to +// *native* events that it fires directly, ensuring that state changes have +// already occurred before other listeners are invoked. +function leverageNative( el, type, expectSync ) { + + // Missing expectSync indicates a trigger call, which must force setup through jQuery.event.add + if ( !expectSync ) { + if ( dataPriv.get( el, type ) === undefined ) { + jQuery.event.add( el, type, returnTrue ); + } + return; + } + + // Register the controller as a special universal handler for all event namespaces + dataPriv.set( el, type, false ); + jQuery.event.add( el, type, { + namespace: false, + handler: function( event ) { + var notAsync, result, + saved = dataPriv.get( this, type ); + + if ( ( event.isTrigger & 1 ) && this[ type ] ) { + + // Interrupt processing of the outer synthetic .trigger()ed event + // Saved data should be false in such cases, but might be a leftover capture object + // from an async native handler (gh-4350) + if ( !saved.length ) { + + // Store arguments for use when handling the inner native event + // There will always be at least one argument (an event object), so this array + // will not be confused with a leftover capture object. + saved = slice.call( arguments ); + dataPriv.set( this, type, saved ); + + // Trigger the native event and capture its result + // Support: IE <=9 - 11+ + // focus() and blur() are asynchronous + notAsync = expectSync( this, type ); + this[ type ](); + result = dataPriv.get( this, type ); + if ( saved !== result || notAsync ) { + dataPriv.set( this, type, false ); + } else { + result = {}; + } + if ( saved !== result ) { + + // Cancel the outer synthetic event + event.stopImmediatePropagation(); + event.preventDefault(); + return result.value; + } + + // If this is an inner synthetic event for an event with a bubbling surrogate + // (focus or blur), assume that the surrogate already propagated from triggering the + // native event and prevent that from happening again here. + // This technically gets the ordering wrong w.r.t. to `.trigger()` (in which the + // bubbling surrogate propagates *after* the non-bubbling base), but that seems + // less bad than duplication. + } else if ( ( jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {} ).delegateType ) { + event.stopPropagation(); + } + + // If this is a native event triggered above, everything is now in order + // Fire an inner synthetic event with the original arguments + } else if ( saved.length ) { + + // ...and capture the result + dataPriv.set( this, type, { + value: jQuery.event.trigger( + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11+ + // Extend with the prototype to reset the above stopImmediatePropagation() + jQuery.extend( saved[ 0 ], jQuery.Event.prototype ), + saved.slice( 1 ), + this + ) + } ); + + // Abort handling of the native event + event.stopImmediatePropagation(); + } + } + } ); +} + +jQuery.removeEvent = function( elem, type, handle ) { + + // This "if" is needed for plain objects + if ( elem.removeEventListener ) { + elem.removeEventListener( type, handle ); + } +}; + +jQuery.Event = function( src, props ) { + + // Allow instantiation without the 'new' keyword + if ( !( this instanceof jQuery.Event ) ) { + return new jQuery.Event( src, props ); + } + + // Event object + if ( src && src.type ) { + this.originalEvent = src; + this.type = src.type; + + // Events bubbling up the document may have been marked as prevented + // by a handler lower down the tree; reflect the correct value. + this.isDefaultPrevented = src.defaultPrevented || + src.defaultPrevented === undefined && + + // Support: Android <=2.3 only + src.returnValue === false ? + returnTrue : + returnFalse; + + // Create target properties + // Support: Safari <=6 - 7 only + // Target should not be a text node (#504, #13143) + this.target = ( src.target && src.target.nodeType === 3 ) ? + src.target.parentNode : + src.target; + + this.currentTarget = src.currentTarget; + this.relatedTarget = src.relatedTarget; + + // Event type + } else { + this.type = src; + } + + // Put explicitly provided properties onto the event object + if ( props ) { + jQuery.extend( this, props ); + } + + // Create a timestamp if incoming event doesn't have one + this.timeStamp = src && src.timeStamp || Date.now(); + + // Mark it as fixed + this[ jQuery.expando ] = true; +}; + +// jQuery.Event is based on DOM3 Events as specified by the ECMAScript Language Binding +// https://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-DOM-Level-3-Events-20030331/ecma-script-binding.html +jQuery.Event.prototype = { + constructor: jQuery.Event, + isDefaultPrevented: returnFalse, + isPropagationStopped: returnFalse, + isImmediatePropagationStopped: returnFalse, + isSimulated: false, + + preventDefault: function() { + var e = this.originalEvent; + + this.isDefaultPrevented = returnTrue; + + if ( e && !this.isSimulated ) { + e.preventDefault(); + } + }, + stopPropagation: function() { + var e = this.originalEvent; + + this.isPropagationStopped = returnTrue; + + if ( e && !this.isSimulated ) { + e.stopPropagation(); + } + }, + stopImmediatePropagation: function() { + var e = this.originalEvent; + + this.isImmediatePropagationStopped = returnTrue; + + if ( e && !this.isSimulated ) { + e.stopImmediatePropagation(); + } + + this.stopPropagation(); + } +}; + +// Includes all common event props including KeyEvent and MouseEvent specific props +jQuery.each( { + altKey: true, + bubbles: true, + cancelable: true, + changedTouches: true, + ctrlKey: true, + detail: true, + eventPhase: true, + metaKey: true, + pageX: true, + pageY: true, + shiftKey: true, + view: true, + "char": true, + code: true, + charCode: true, + key: true, + keyCode: true, + button: true, + buttons: true, + clientX: true, + clientY: true, + offsetX: true, + offsetY: true, + pointerId: true, + pointerType: true, + screenX: true, + screenY: true, + targetTouches: true, + toElement: true, + touches: true, + + which: function( event ) { + var button = event.button; + + // Add which for key events + if ( event.which == null && rkeyEvent.test( event.type ) ) { + return event.charCode != null ? event.charCode : event.keyCode; + } + + // Add which for click: 1 === left; 2 === middle; 3 === right + if ( !event.which && button !== undefined && rmouseEvent.test( event.type ) ) { + if ( button & 1 ) { + return 1; + } + + if ( button & 2 ) { + return 3; + } + + if ( button & 4 ) { + return 2; + } + + return 0; + } + + return event.which; + } +}, jQuery.event.addProp ); + +jQuery.each( { focus: "focusin", blur: "focusout" }, function( type, delegateType ) { + jQuery.event.special[ type ] = { + + // Utilize native event if possible so blur/focus sequence is correct + setup: function() { + + // Claim the first handler + // dataPriv.set( this, "focus", ... ) + // dataPriv.set( this, "blur", ... ) + leverageNative( this, type, expectSync ); + + // Return false to allow normal processing in the caller + return false; + }, + trigger: function() { + + // Force setup before trigger + leverageNative( this, type ); + + // Return non-false to allow normal event-path propagation + return true; + }, + + delegateType: delegateType + }; +} ); + +// Create mouseenter/leave events using mouseover/out and event-time checks +// so that event delegation works in jQuery. +// Do the same for pointerenter/pointerleave and pointerover/pointerout +// +// Support: Safari 7 only +// Safari sends mouseenter too often; see: +// https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=470258 +// for the description of the bug (it existed in older Chrome versions as well). +jQuery.each( { + mouseenter: "mouseover", + mouseleave: "mouseout", + pointerenter: "pointerover", + pointerleave: "pointerout" +}, function( orig, fix ) { + jQuery.event.special[ orig ] = { + delegateType: fix, + bindType: fix, + + handle: function( event ) { + var ret, + target = this, + related = event.relatedTarget, + handleObj = event.handleObj; + + // For mouseenter/leave call the handler if related is outside the target. + // NB: No relatedTarget if the mouse left/entered the browser window + if ( !related || ( related !== target && !jQuery.contains( target, related ) ) ) { + event.type = handleObj.origType; + ret = handleObj.handler.apply( this, arguments ); + event.type = fix; + } + return ret; + } + }; +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + + on: function( types, selector, data, fn ) { + return on( this, types, selector, data, fn ); + }, + one: function( types, selector, data, fn ) { + return on( this, types, selector, data, fn, 1 ); + }, + off: function( types, selector, fn ) { + var handleObj, type; + if ( types && types.preventDefault && types.handleObj ) { + + // ( event ) dispatched jQuery.Event + handleObj = types.handleObj; + jQuery( types.delegateTarget ).off( + handleObj.namespace ? + handleObj.origType + "." + handleObj.namespace : + handleObj.origType, + handleObj.selector, + handleObj.handler + ); + return this; + } + if ( typeof types === "object" ) { + + // ( types-object [, selector] ) + for ( type in types ) { + this.off( type, selector, types[ type ] ); + } + return this; + } + if ( selector === false || typeof selector === "function" ) { + + // ( types [, fn] ) + fn = selector; + selector = undefined; + } + if ( fn === false ) { + fn = returnFalse; + } + return this.each( function() { + jQuery.event.remove( this, types, fn, selector ); + } ); + } +} ); + + +var + + // Support: IE <=10 - 11, Edge 12 - 13 only + // In IE/Edge using regex groups here causes severe slowdowns. + // See https://connect.microsoft.com/IE/feedback/details/1736512/ + rnoInnerhtml = /\s*$/g; + +// Prefer a tbody over its parent table for containing new rows +function manipulationTarget( elem, content ) { + if ( nodeName( elem, "table" ) && + nodeName( content.nodeType !== 11 ? content : content.firstChild, "tr" ) ) { + + return jQuery( elem ).children( "tbody" )[ 0 ] || elem; + } + + return elem; +} + +// Replace/restore the type attribute of script elements for safe DOM manipulation +function disableScript( elem ) { + elem.type = ( elem.getAttribute( "type" ) !== null ) + "/" + elem.type; + return elem; +} +function restoreScript( elem ) { + if ( ( elem.type || "" ).slice( 0, 5 ) === "true/" ) { + elem.type = elem.type.slice( 5 ); + } else { + elem.removeAttribute( "type" ); + } + + return elem; +} + +function cloneCopyEvent( src, dest ) { + var i, l, type, pdataOld, udataOld, udataCur, events; + + if ( dest.nodeType !== 1 ) { + return; + } + + // 1. Copy private data: events, handlers, etc. + if ( dataPriv.hasData( src ) ) { + pdataOld = dataPriv.get( src ); + events = pdataOld.events; + + if ( events ) { + dataPriv.remove( dest, "handle events" ); + + for ( type in events ) { + for ( i = 0, l = events[ type ].length; i < l; i++ ) { + jQuery.event.add( dest, type, events[ type ][ i ] ); + } + } + } + } + + // 2. Copy user data + if ( dataUser.hasData( src ) ) { + udataOld = dataUser.access( src ); + udataCur = jQuery.extend( {}, udataOld ); + + dataUser.set( dest, udataCur ); + } +} + +// Fix IE bugs, see support tests +function fixInput( src, dest ) { + var nodeName = dest.nodeName.toLowerCase(); + + // Fails to persist the checked state of a cloned checkbox or radio button. + if ( nodeName === "input" && rcheckableType.test( src.type ) ) { + dest.checked = src.checked; + + // Fails to return the selected option to the default selected state when cloning options + } else if ( nodeName === "input" || nodeName === "textarea" ) { + dest.defaultValue = src.defaultValue; + } +} + +function domManip( collection, args, callback, ignored ) { + + // Flatten any nested arrays + args = flat( args ); + + var fragment, first, scripts, hasScripts, node, doc, + i = 0, + l = collection.length, + iNoClone = l - 1, + value = args[ 0 ], + valueIsFunction = isFunction( value ); + + // We can't cloneNode fragments that contain checked, in WebKit + if ( valueIsFunction || + ( l > 1 && typeof value === "string" && + !support.checkClone && rchecked.test( value ) ) ) { + return collection.each( function( index ) { + var self = collection.eq( index ); + if ( valueIsFunction ) { + args[ 0 ] = value.call( this, index, self.html() ); + } + domManip( self, args, callback, ignored ); + } ); + } + + if ( l ) { + fragment = buildFragment( args, collection[ 0 ].ownerDocument, false, collection, ignored ); + first = fragment.firstChild; + + if ( fragment.childNodes.length === 1 ) { + fragment = first; + } + + // Require either new content or an interest in ignored elements to invoke the callback + if ( first || ignored ) { + scripts = jQuery.map( getAll( fragment, "script" ), disableScript ); + hasScripts = scripts.length; + + // Use the original fragment for the last item + // instead of the first because it can end up + // being emptied incorrectly in certain situations (#8070). + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + node = fragment; + + if ( i !== iNoClone ) { + node = jQuery.clone( node, true, true ); + + // Keep references to cloned scripts for later restoration + if ( hasScripts ) { + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only + // push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit + jQuery.merge( scripts, getAll( node, "script" ) ); + } + } + + callback.call( collection[ i ], node, i ); + } + + if ( hasScripts ) { + doc = scripts[ scripts.length - 1 ].ownerDocument; + + // Reenable scripts + jQuery.map( scripts, restoreScript ); + + // Evaluate executable scripts on first document insertion + for ( i = 0; i < hasScripts; i++ ) { + node = scripts[ i ]; + if ( rscriptType.test( node.type || "" ) && + !dataPriv.access( node, "globalEval" ) && + jQuery.contains( doc, node ) ) { + + if ( node.src && ( node.type || "" ).toLowerCase() !== "module" ) { + + // Optional AJAX dependency, but won't run scripts if not present + if ( jQuery._evalUrl && !node.noModule ) { + jQuery._evalUrl( node.src, { + nonce: node.nonce || node.getAttribute( "nonce" ) + }, doc ); + } + } else { + DOMEval( node.textContent.replace( rcleanScript, "" ), node, doc ); + } + } + } + } + } + } + + return collection; +} + +function remove( elem, selector, keepData ) { + var node, + nodes = selector ? jQuery.filter( selector, elem ) : elem, + i = 0; + + for ( ; ( node = nodes[ i ] ) != null; i++ ) { + if ( !keepData && node.nodeType === 1 ) { + jQuery.cleanData( getAll( node ) ); + } + + if ( node.parentNode ) { + if ( keepData && isAttached( node ) ) { + setGlobalEval( getAll( node, "script" ) ); + } + node.parentNode.removeChild( node ); + } + } + + return elem; +} + +jQuery.extend( { + htmlPrefilter: function( html ) { + return html; + }, + + clone: function( elem, dataAndEvents, deepDataAndEvents ) { + var i, l, srcElements, destElements, + clone = elem.cloneNode( true ), + inPage = isAttached( elem ); + + // Fix IE cloning issues + if ( !support.noCloneChecked && ( elem.nodeType === 1 || elem.nodeType === 11 ) && + !jQuery.isXMLDoc( elem ) ) { + + // We eschew Sizzle here for performance reasons: https://jsperf.com/getall-vs-sizzle/2 + destElements = getAll( clone ); + srcElements = getAll( elem ); + + for ( i = 0, l = srcElements.length; i < l; i++ ) { + fixInput( srcElements[ i ], destElements[ i ] ); + } + } + + // Copy the events from the original to the clone + if ( dataAndEvents ) { + if ( deepDataAndEvents ) { + srcElements = srcElements || getAll( elem ); + destElements = destElements || getAll( clone ); + + for ( i = 0, l = srcElements.length; i < l; i++ ) { + cloneCopyEvent( srcElements[ i ], destElements[ i ] ); + } + } else { + cloneCopyEvent( elem, clone ); + } + } + + // Preserve script evaluation history + destElements = getAll( clone, "script" ); + if ( destElements.length > 0 ) { + setGlobalEval( destElements, !inPage && getAll( elem, "script" ) ); + } + + // Return the cloned set + return clone; + }, + + cleanData: function( elems ) { + var data, elem, type, + special = jQuery.event.special, + i = 0; + + for ( ; ( elem = elems[ i ] ) !== undefined; i++ ) { + if ( acceptData( elem ) ) { + if ( ( data = elem[ dataPriv.expando ] ) ) { + if ( data.events ) { + for ( type in data.events ) { + if ( special[ type ] ) { + jQuery.event.remove( elem, type ); + + // This is a shortcut to avoid jQuery.event.remove's overhead + } else { + jQuery.removeEvent( elem, type, data.handle ); + } + } + } + + // Support: Chrome <=35 - 45+ + // Assign undefined instead of using delete, see Data#remove + elem[ dataPriv.expando ] = undefined; + } + if ( elem[ dataUser.expando ] ) { + + // Support: Chrome <=35 - 45+ + // Assign undefined instead of using delete, see Data#remove + elem[ dataUser.expando ] = undefined; + } + } + } + } +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + detach: function( selector ) { + return remove( this, selector, true ); + }, + + remove: function( selector ) { + return remove( this, selector ); + }, + + text: function( value ) { + return access( this, function( value ) { + return value === undefined ? + jQuery.text( this ) : + this.empty().each( function() { + if ( this.nodeType === 1 || this.nodeType === 11 || this.nodeType === 9 ) { + this.textContent = value; + } + } ); + }, null, value, arguments.length ); + }, + + append: function() { + return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) { + if ( this.nodeType === 1 || this.nodeType === 11 || this.nodeType === 9 ) { + var target = manipulationTarget( this, elem ); + target.appendChild( elem ); + } + } ); + }, + + prepend: function() { + return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) { + if ( this.nodeType === 1 || this.nodeType === 11 || this.nodeType === 9 ) { + var target = manipulationTarget( this, elem ); + target.insertBefore( elem, target.firstChild ); + } + } ); + }, + + before: function() { + return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) { + if ( this.parentNode ) { + this.parentNode.insertBefore( elem, this ); + } + } ); + }, + + after: function() { + return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) { + if ( this.parentNode ) { + this.parentNode.insertBefore( elem, this.nextSibling ); + } + } ); + }, + + empty: function() { + var elem, + i = 0; + + for ( ; ( elem = this[ i ] ) != null; i++ ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + + // Prevent memory leaks + jQuery.cleanData( getAll( elem, false ) ); + + // Remove any remaining nodes + elem.textContent = ""; + } + } + + return this; + }, + + clone: function( dataAndEvents, deepDataAndEvents ) { + dataAndEvents = dataAndEvents == null ? false : dataAndEvents; + deepDataAndEvents = deepDataAndEvents == null ? dataAndEvents : deepDataAndEvents; + + return this.map( function() { + return jQuery.clone( this, dataAndEvents, deepDataAndEvents ); + } ); + }, + + html: function( value ) { + return access( this, function( value ) { + var elem = this[ 0 ] || {}, + i = 0, + l = this.length; + + if ( value === undefined && elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + return elem.innerHTML; + } + + // See if we can take a shortcut and just use innerHTML + if ( typeof value === "string" && !rnoInnerhtml.test( value ) && + !wrapMap[ ( rtagName.exec( value ) || [ "", "" ] )[ 1 ].toLowerCase() ] ) { + + value = jQuery.htmlPrefilter( value ); + + try { + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + elem = this[ i ] || {}; + + // Remove element nodes and prevent memory leaks + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + jQuery.cleanData( getAll( elem, false ) ); + elem.innerHTML = value; + } + } + + elem = 0; + + // If using innerHTML throws an exception, use the fallback method + } catch ( e ) {} + } + + if ( elem ) { + this.empty().append( value ); + } + }, null, value, arguments.length ); + }, + + replaceWith: function() { + var ignored = []; + + // Make the changes, replacing each non-ignored context element with the new content + return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) { + var parent = this.parentNode; + + if ( jQuery.inArray( this, ignored ) < 0 ) { + jQuery.cleanData( getAll( this ) ); + if ( parent ) { + parent.replaceChild( elem, this ); + } + } + + // Force callback invocation + }, ignored ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.each( { + appendTo: "append", + prependTo: "prepend", + insertBefore: "before", + insertAfter: "after", + replaceAll: "replaceWith" +}, function( name, original ) { + jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( selector ) { + var elems, + ret = [], + insert = jQuery( selector ), + last = insert.length - 1, + i = 0; + + for ( ; i <= last; i++ ) { + elems = i === last ? this : this.clone( true ); + jQuery( insert[ i ] )[ original ]( elems ); + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only + // .get() because push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit + push.apply( ret, elems.get() ); + } + + return this.pushStack( ret ); + }; +} ); +var rnumnonpx = new RegExp( "^(" + pnum + ")(?!px)[a-z%]+$", "i" ); + +var getStyles = function( elem ) { + + // Support: IE <=11 only, Firefox <=30 (#15098, #14150) + // IE throws on elements created in popups + // FF meanwhile throws on frame elements through "defaultView.getComputedStyle" + var view = elem.ownerDocument.defaultView; + + if ( !view || !view.opener ) { + view = window; + } + + return view.getComputedStyle( elem ); + }; + +var swap = function( elem, options, callback ) { + var ret, name, + old = {}; + + // Remember the old values, and insert the new ones + for ( name in options ) { + old[ name ] = elem.style[ name ]; + elem.style[ name ] = options[ name ]; + } + + ret = callback.call( elem ); + + // Revert the old values + for ( name in options ) { + elem.style[ name ] = old[ name ]; + } + + return ret; +}; + + +var rboxStyle = new RegExp( cssExpand.join( "|" ), "i" ); + + + +( function() { + + // Executing both pixelPosition & boxSizingReliable tests require only one layout + // so they're executed at the same time to save the second computation. + function computeStyleTests() { + + // This is a singleton, we need to execute it only once + if ( !div ) { + return; + } + + container.style.cssText = "position:absolute;left:-11111px;width:60px;" + + "margin-top:1px;padding:0;border:0"; + div.style.cssText = + "position:relative;display:block;box-sizing:border-box;overflow:scroll;" + + "margin:auto;border:1px;padding:1px;" + + "width:60%;top:1%"; + documentElement.appendChild( container ).appendChild( div ); + + var divStyle = window.getComputedStyle( div ); + pixelPositionVal = divStyle.top !== "1%"; + + // Support: Android 4.0 - 4.3 only, Firefox <=3 - 44 + reliableMarginLeftVal = roundPixelMeasures( divStyle.marginLeft ) === 12; + + // Support: Android 4.0 - 4.3 only, Safari <=9.1 - 10.1, iOS <=7.0 - 9.3 + // Some styles come back with percentage values, even though they shouldn't + div.style.right = "60%"; + pixelBoxStylesVal = roundPixelMeasures( divStyle.right ) === 36; + + // Support: IE 9 - 11 only + // Detect misreporting of content dimensions for box-sizing:border-box elements + boxSizingReliableVal = roundPixelMeasures( divStyle.width ) === 36; + + // Support: IE 9 only + // Detect overflow:scroll screwiness (gh-3699) + // Support: Chrome <=64 + // Don't get tricked when zoom affects offsetWidth (gh-4029) + div.style.position = "absolute"; + scrollboxSizeVal = roundPixelMeasures( div.offsetWidth / 3 ) === 12; + + documentElement.removeChild( container ); + + // Nullify the div so it wouldn't be stored in the memory and + // it will also be a sign that checks already performed + div = null; + } + + function roundPixelMeasures( measure ) { + return Math.round( parseFloat( measure ) ); + } + + var pixelPositionVal, boxSizingReliableVal, scrollboxSizeVal, pixelBoxStylesVal, + reliableTrDimensionsVal, reliableMarginLeftVal, + container = document.createElement( "div" ), + div = document.createElement( "div" ); + + // Finish early in limited (non-browser) environments + if ( !div.style ) { + return; + } + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11 only + // Style of cloned element affects source element cloned (#8908) + div.style.backgroundClip = "content-box"; + div.cloneNode( true ).style.backgroundClip = ""; + support.clearCloneStyle = div.style.backgroundClip === "content-box"; + + jQuery.extend( support, { + boxSizingReliable: function() { + computeStyleTests(); + return boxSizingReliableVal; + }, + pixelBoxStyles: function() { + computeStyleTests(); + return pixelBoxStylesVal; + }, + pixelPosition: function() { + computeStyleTests(); + return pixelPositionVal; + }, + reliableMarginLeft: function() { + computeStyleTests(); + return reliableMarginLeftVal; + }, + scrollboxSize: function() { + computeStyleTests(); + return scrollboxSizeVal; + }, + + // Support: IE 9 - 11+, Edge 15 - 18+ + // IE/Edge misreport `getComputedStyle` of table rows with width/height + // set in CSS while `offset*` properties report correct values. + // Behavior in IE 9 is more subtle than in newer versions & it passes + // some versions of this test; make sure not to make it pass there! + reliableTrDimensions: function() { + var table, tr, trChild, trStyle; + if ( reliableTrDimensionsVal == null ) { + table = document.createElement( "table" ); + tr = document.createElement( "tr" ); + trChild = document.createElement( "div" ); + + table.style.cssText = "position:absolute;left:-11111px"; + tr.style.height = "1px"; + trChild.style.height = "9px"; + + documentElement + .appendChild( table ) + .appendChild( tr ) + .appendChild( trChild ); + + trStyle = window.getComputedStyle( tr ); + reliableTrDimensionsVal = parseInt( trStyle.height ) > 3; + + documentElement.removeChild( table ); + } + return reliableTrDimensionsVal; + } + } ); +} )(); + + +function curCSS( elem, name, computed ) { + var width, minWidth, maxWidth, ret, + + // Support: Firefox 51+ + // Retrieving style before computed somehow + // fixes an issue with getting wrong values + // on detached elements + style = elem.style; + + computed = computed || getStyles( elem ); + + // getPropertyValue is needed for: + // .css('filter') (IE 9 only, #12537) + // .css('--customProperty) (#3144) + if ( computed ) { + ret = computed.getPropertyValue( name ) || computed[ name ]; + + if ( ret === "" && !isAttached( elem ) ) { + ret = jQuery.style( elem, name ); + } + + // A tribute to the "awesome hack by Dean Edwards" + // Android Browser returns percentage for some values, + // but width seems to be reliably pixels. + // This is against the CSSOM draft spec: + // https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom/#resolved-values + if ( !support.pixelBoxStyles() && rnumnonpx.test( ret ) && rboxStyle.test( name ) ) { + + // Remember the original values + width = style.width; + minWidth = style.minWidth; + maxWidth = style.maxWidth; + + // Put in the new values to get a computed value out + style.minWidth = style.maxWidth = style.width = ret; + ret = computed.width; + + // Revert the changed values + style.width = width; + style.minWidth = minWidth; + style.maxWidth = maxWidth; + } + } + + return ret !== undefined ? + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11 only + // IE returns zIndex value as an integer. + ret + "" : + ret; +} + + +function addGetHookIf( conditionFn, hookFn ) { + + // Define the hook, we'll check on the first run if it's really needed. + return { + get: function() { + if ( conditionFn() ) { + + // Hook not needed (or it's not possible to use it due + // to missing dependency), remove it. + delete this.get; + return; + } + + // Hook needed; redefine it so that the support test is not executed again. + return ( this.get = hookFn ).apply( this, arguments ); + } + }; +} + + +var cssPrefixes = [ "Webkit", "Moz", "ms" ], + emptyStyle = document.createElement( "div" ).style, + vendorProps = {}; + +// Return a vendor-prefixed property or undefined +function vendorPropName( name ) { + + // Check for vendor prefixed names + var capName = name[ 0 ].toUpperCase() + name.slice( 1 ), + i = cssPrefixes.length; + + while ( i-- ) { + name = cssPrefixes[ i ] + capName; + if ( name in emptyStyle ) { + return name; + } + } +} + +// Return a potentially-mapped jQuery.cssProps or vendor prefixed property +function finalPropName( name ) { + var final = jQuery.cssProps[ name ] || vendorProps[ name ]; + + if ( final ) { + return final; + } + if ( name in emptyStyle ) { + return name; + } + return vendorProps[ name ] = vendorPropName( name ) || name; +} + + +var + + // Swappable if display is none or starts with table + // except "table", "table-cell", or "table-caption" + // See here for display values: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/CSS/display + rdisplayswap = /^(none|table(?!-c[ea]).+)/, + rcustomProp = /^--/, + cssShow = { position: "absolute", visibility: "hidden", display: "block" }, + cssNormalTransform = { + letterSpacing: "0", + fontWeight: "400" + }; + +function setPositiveNumber( _elem, value, subtract ) { + + // Any relative (+/-) values have already been + // normalized at this point + var matches = rcssNum.exec( value ); + return matches ? + + // Guard against undefined "subtract", e.g., when used as in cssHooks + Math.max( 0, matches[ 2 ] - ( subtract || 0 ) ) + ( matches[ 3 ] || "px" ) : + value; +} + +function boxModelAdjustment( elem, dimension, box, isBorderBox, styles, computedVal ) { + var i = dimension === "width" ? 1 : 0, + extra = 0, + delta = 0; + + // Adjustment may not be necessary + if ( box === ( isBorderBox ? "border" : "content" ) ) { + return 0; + } + + for ( ; i < 4; i += 2 ) { + + // Both box models exclude margin + if ( box === "margin" ) { + delta += jQuery.css( elem, box + cssExpand[ i ], true, styles ); + } + + // If we get here with a content-box, we're seeking "padding" or "border" or "margin" + if ( !isBorderBox ) { + + // Add padding + delta += jQuery.css( elem, "padding" + cssExpand[ i ], true, styles ); + + // For "border" or "margin", add border + if ( box !== "padding" ) { + delta += jQuery.css( elem, "border" + cssExpand[ i ] + "Width", true, styles ); + + // But still keep track of it otherwise + } else { + extra += jQuery.css( elem, "border" + cssExpand[ i ] + "Width", true, styles ); + } + + // If we get here with a border-box (content + padding + border), we're seeking "content" or + // "padding" or "margin" + } else { + + // For "content", subtract padding + if ( box === "content" ) { + delta -= jQuery.css( elem, "padding" + cssExpand[ i ], true, styles ); + } + + // For "content" or "padding", subtract border + if ( box !== "margin" ) { + delta -= jQuery.css( elem, "border" + cssExpand[ i ] + "Width", true, styles ); + } + } + } + + // Account for positive content-box scroll gutter when requested by providing computedVal + if ( !isBorderBox && computedVal >= 0 ) { + + // offsetWidth/offsetHeight is a rounded sum of content, padding, scroll gutter, and border + // Assuming integer scroll gutter, subtract the rest and round down + delta += Math.max( 0, Math.ceil( + elem[ "offset" + dimension[ 0 ].toUpperCase() + dimension.slice( 1 ) ] - + computedVal - + delta - + extra - + 0.5 + + // If offsetWidth/offsetHeight is unknown, then we can't determine content-box scroll gutter + // Use an explicit zero to avoid NaN (gh-3964) + ) ) || 0; + } + + return delta; +} + +function getWidthOrHeight( elem, dimension, extra ) { + + // Start with computed style + var styles = getStyles( elem ), + + // To avoid forcing a reflow, only fetch boxSizing if we need it (gh-4322). + // Fake content-box until we know it's needed to know the true value. + boxSizingNeeded = !support.boxSizingReliable() || extra, + isBorderBox = boxSizingNeeded && + jQuery.css( elem, "boxSizing", false, styles ) === "border-box", + valueIsBorderBox = isBorderBox, + + val = curCSS( elem, dimension, styles ), + offsetProp = "offset" + dimension[ 0 ].toUpperCase() + dimension.slice( 1 ); + + // Support: Firefox <=54 + // Return a confounding non-pixel value or feign ignorance, as appropriate. + if ( rnumnonpx.test( val ) ) { + if ( !extra ) { + return val; + } + val = "auto"; + } + + + // Support: IE 9 - 11 only + // Use offsetWidth/offsetHeight for when box sizing is unreliable. + // In those cases, the computed value can be trusted to be border-box. + if ( ( !support.boxSizingReliable() && isBorderBox || + + // Support: IE 10 - 11+, Edge 15 - 18+ + // IE/Edge misreport `getComputedStyle` of table rows with width/height + // set in CSS while `offset*` properties report correct values. + // Interestingly, in some cases IE 9 doesn't suffer from this issue. + !support.reliableTrDimensions() && nodeName( elem, "tr" ) || + + // Fall back to offsetWidth/offsetHeight when value is "auto" + // This happens for inline elements with no explicit setting (gh-3571) + val === "auto" || + + // Support: Android <=4.1 - 4.3 only + // Also use offsetWidth/offsetHeight for misreported inline dimensions (gh-3602) + !parseFloat( val ) && jQuery.css( elem, "display", false, styles ) === "inline" ) && + + // Make sure the element is visible & connected + elem.getClientRects().length ) { + + isBorderBox = jQuery.css( elem, "boxSizing", false, styles ) === "border-box"; + + // Where available, offsetWidth/offsetHeight approximate border box dimensions. + // Where not available (e.g., SVG), assume unreliable box-sizing and interpret the + // retrieved value as a content box dimension. + valueIsBorderBox = offsetProp in elem; + if ( valueIsBorderBox ) { + val = elem[ offsetProp ]; + } + } + + // Normalize "" and auto + val = parseFloat( val ) || 0; + + // Adjust for the element's box model + return ( val + + boxModelAdjustment( + elem, + dimension, + extra || ( isBorderBox ? "border" : "content" ), + valueIsBorderBox, + styles, + + // Provide the current computed size to request scroll gutter calculation (gh-3589) + val + ) + ) + "px"; +} + +jQuery.extend( { + + // Add in style property hooks for overriding the default + // behavior of getting and setting a style property + cssHooks: { + opacity: { + get: function( elem, computed ) { + if ( computed ) { + + // We should always get a number back from opacity + var ret = curCSS( elem, "opacity" ); + return ret === "" ? "1" : ret; + } + } + } + }, + + // Don't automatically add "px" to these possibly-unitless properties + cssNumber: { + "animationIterationCount": true, + "columnCount": true, + "fillOpacity": true, + "flexGrow": true, + "flexShrink": true, + "fontWeight": true, + "gridArea": true, + "gridColumn": true, + "gridColumnEnd": true, + "gridColumnStart": true, + "gridRow": true, + "gridRowEnd": true, + "gridRowStart": true, + "lineHeight": true, + "opacity": true, + "order": true, + "orphans": true, + "widows": true, + "zIndex": true, + "zoom": true + }, + + // Add in properties whose names you wish to fix before + // setting or getting the value + cssProps: {}, + + // Get and set the style property on a DOM Node + style: function( elem, name, value, extra ) { + + // Don't set styles on text and comment nodes + if ( !elem || elem.nodeType === 3 || elem.nodeType === 8 || !elem.style ) { + return; + } + + // Make sure that we're working with the right name + var ret, type, hooks, + origName = camelCase( name ), + isCustomProp = rcustomProp.test( name ), + style = elem.style; + + // Make sure that we're working with the right name. We don't + // want to query the value if it is a CSS custom property + // since they are user-defined. + if ( !isCustomProp ) { + name = finalPropName( origName ); + } + + // Gets hook for the prefixed version, then unprefixed version + hooks = jQuery.cssHooks[ name ] || jQuery.cssHooks[ origName ]; + + // Check if we're setting a value + if ( value !== undefined ) { + type = typeof value; + + // Convert "+=" or "-=" to relative numbers (#7345) + if ( type === "string" && ( ret = rcssNum.exec( value ) ) && ret[ 1 ] ) { + value = adjustCSS( elem, name, ret ); + + // Fixes bug #9237 + type = "number"; + } + + // Make sure that null and NaN values aren't set (#7116) + if ( value == null || value !== value ) { + return; + } + + // If a number was passed in, add the unit (except for certain CSS properties) + // The isCustomProp check can be removed in jQuery 4.0 when we only auto-append + // "px" to a few hardcoded values. + if ( type === "number" && !isCustomProp ) { + value += ret && ret[ 3 ] || ( jQuery.cssNumber[ origName ] ? "" : "px" ); + } + + // background-* props affect original clone's values + if ( !support.clearCloneStyle && value === "" && name.indexOf( "background" ) === 0 ) { + style[ name ] = "inherit"; + } + + // If a hook was provided, use that value, otherwise just set the specified value + if ( !hooks || !( "set" in hooks ) || + ( value = hooks.set( elem, value, extra ) ) !== undefined ) { + + if ( isCustomProp ) { + style.setProperty( name, value ); + } else { + style[ name ] = value; + } + } + + } else { + + // If a hook was provided get the non-computed value from there + if ( hooks && "get" in hooks && + ( ret = hooks.get( elem, false, extra ) ) !== undefined ) { + + return ret; + } + + // Otherwise just get the value from the style object + return style[ name ]; + } + }, + + css: function( elem, name, extra, styles ) { + var val, num, hooks, + origName = camelCase( name ), + isCustomProp = rcustomProp.test( name ); + + // Make sure that we're working with the right name. We don't + // want to modify the value if it is a CSS custom property + // since they are user-defined. + if ( !isCustomProp ) { + name = finalPropName( origName ); + } + + // Try prefixed name followed by the unprefixed name + hooks = jQuery.cssHooks[ name ] || jQuery.cssHooks[ origName ]; + + // If a hook was provided get the computed value from there + if ( hooks && "get" in hooks ) { + val = hooks.get( elem, true, extra ); + } + + // Otherwise, if a way to get the computed value exists, use that + if ( val === undefined ) { + val = curCSS( elem, name, styles ); + } + + // Convert "normal" to computed value + if ( val === "normal" && name in cssNormalTransform ) { + val = cssNormalTransform[ name ]; + } + + // Make numeric if forced or a qualifier was provided and val looks numeric + if ( extra === "" || extra ) { + num = parseFloat( val ); + return extra === true || isFinite( num ) ? num || 0 : val; + } + + return val; + } +} ); + +jQuery.each( [ "height", "width" ], function( _i, dimension ) { + jQuery.cssHooks[ dimension ] = { + get: function( elem, computed, extra ) { + if ( computed ) { + + // Certain elements can have dimension info if we invisibly show them + // but it must have a current display style that would benefit + return rdisplayswap.test( jQuery.css( elem, "display" ) ) && + + // Support: Safari 8+ + // Table columns in Safari have non-zero offsetWidth & zero + // getBoundingClientRect().width unless display is changed. + // Support: IE <=11 only + // Running getBoundingClientRect on a disconnected node + // in IE throws an error. + ( !elem.getClientRects().length || !elem.getBoundingClientRect().width ) ? + swap( elem, cssShow, function() { + return getWidthOrHeight( elem, dimension, extra ); + } ) : + getWidthOrHeight( elem, dimension, extra ); + } + }, + + set: function( elem, value, extra ) { + var matches, + styles = getStyles( elem ), + + // Only read styles.position if the test has a chance to fail + // to avoid forcing a reflow. + scrollboxSizeBuggy = !support.scrollboxSize() && + styles.position === "absolute", + + // To avoid forcing a reflow, only fetch boxSizing if we need it (gh-3991) + boxSizingNeeded = scrollboxSizeBuggy || extra, + isBorderBox = boxSizingNeeded && + jQuery.css( elem, "boxSizing", false, styles ) === "border-box", + subtract = extra ? + boxModelAdjustment( + elem, + dimension, + extra, + isBorderBox, + styles + ) : + 0; + + // Account for unreliable border-box dimensions by comparing offset* to computed and + // faking a content-box to get border and padding (gh-3699) + if ( isBorderBox && scrollboxSizeBuggy ) { + subtract -= Math.ceil( + elem[ "offset" + dimension[ 0 ].toUpperCase() + dimension.slice( 1 ) ] - + parseFloat( styles[ dimension ] ) - + boxModelAdjustment( elem, dimension, "border", false, styles ) - + 0.5 + ); + } + + // Convert to pixels if value adjustment is needed + if ( subtract && ( matches = rcssNum.exec( value ) ) && + ( matches[ 3 ] || "px" ) !== "px" ) { + + elem.style[ dimension ] = value; + value = jQuery.css( elem, dimension ); + } + + return setPositiveNumber( elem, value, subtract ); + } + }; +} ); + +jQuery.cssHooks.marginLeft = addGetHookIf( support.reliableMarginLeft, + function( elem, computed ) { + if ( computed ) { + return ( parseFloat( curCSS( elem, "marginLeft" ) ) || + elem.getBoundingClientRect().left - + swap( elem, { marginLeft: 0 }, function() { + return elem.getBoundingClientRect().left; + } ) + ) + "px"; + } + } +); + +// These hooks are used by animate to expand properties +jQuery.each( { + margin: "", + padding: "", + border: "Width" +}, function( prefix, suffix ) { + jQuery.cssHooks[ prefix + suffix ] = { + expand: function( value ) { + var i = 0, + expanded = {}, + + // Assumes a single number if not a string + parts = typeof value === "string" ? value.split( " " ) : [ value ]; + + for ( ; i < 4; i++ ) { + expanded[ prefix + cssExpand[ i ] + suffix ] = + parts[ i ] || parts[ i - 2 ] || parts[ 0 ]; + } + + return expanded; + } + }; + + if ( prefix !== "margin" ) { + jQuery.cssHooks[ prefix + suffix ].set = setPositiveNumber; + } +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + css: function( name, value ) { + return access( this, function( elem, name, value ) { + var styles, len, + map = {}, + i = 0; + + if ( Array.isArray( name ) ) { + styles = getStyles( elem ); + len = name.length; + + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + map[ name[ i ] ] = jQuery.css( elem, name[ i ], false, styles ); + } + + return map; + } + + return value !== undefined ? + jQuery.style( elem, name, value ) : + jQuery.css( elem, name ); + }, name, value, arguments.length > 1 ); + } +} ); + + +function Tween( elem, options, prop, end, easing ) { + return new Tween.prototype.init( elem, options, prop, end, easing ); +} +jQuery.Tween = Tween; + +Tween.prototype = { + constructor: Tween, + init: function( elem, options, prop, end, easing, unit ) { + this.elem = elem; + this.prop = prop; + this.easing = easing || jQuery.easing._default; + this.options = options; + this.start = this.now = this.cur(); + this.end = end; + this.unit = unit || ( jQuery.cssNumber[ prop ] ? "" : "px" ); + }, + cur: function() { + var hooks = Tween.propHooks[ this.prop ]; + + return hooks && hooks.get ? + hooks.get( this ) : + Tween.propHooks._default.get( this ); + }, + run: function( percent ) { + var eased, + hooks = Tween.propHooks[ this.prop ]; + + if ( this.options.duration ) { + this.pos = eased = jQuery.easing[ this.easing ]( + percent, this.options.duration * percent, 0, 1, this.options.duration + ); + } else { + this.pos = eased = percent; + } + this.now = ( this.end - this.start ) * eased + this.start; + + if ( this.options.step ) { + this.options.step.call( this.elem, this.now, this ); + } + + if ( hooks && hooks.set ) { + hooks.set( this ); + } else { + Tween.propHooks._default.set( this ); + } + return this; + } +}; + +Tween.prototype.init.prototype = Tween.prototype; + +Tween.propHooks = { + _default: { + get: function( tween ) { + var result; + + // Use a property on the element directly when it is not a DOM element, + // or when there is no matching style property that exists. + if ( tween.elem.nodeType !== 1 || + tween.elem[ tween.prop ] != null && tween.elem.style[ tween.prop ] == null ) { + return tween.elem[ tween.prop ]; + } + + // Passing an empty string as a 3rd parameter to .css will automatically + // attempt a parseFloat and fallback to a string if the parse fails. + // Simple values such as "10px" are parsed to Float; + // complex values such as "rotate(1rad)" are returned as-is. + result = jQuery.css( tween.elem, tween.prop, "" ); + + // Empty strings, null, undefined and "auto" are converted to 0. + return !result || result === "auto" ? 0 : result; + }, + set: function( tween ) { + + // Use step hook for back compat. + // Use cssHook if its there. + // Use .style if available and use plain properties where available. + if ( jQuery.fx.step[ tween.prop ] ) { + jQuery.fx.step[ tween.prop ]( tween ); + } else if ( tween.elem.nodeType === 1 && ( + jQuery.cssHooks[ tween.prop ] || + tween.elem.style[ finalPropName( tween.prop ) ] != null ) ) { + jQuery.style( tween.elem, tween.prop, tween.now + tween.unit ); + } else { + tween.elem[ tween.prop ] = tween.now; + } + } + } +}; + +// Support: IE <=9 only +// Panic based approach to setting things on disconnected nodes +Tween.propHooks.scrollTop = Tween.propHooks.scrollLeft = { + set: function( tween ) { + if ( tween.elem.nodeType && tween.elem.parentNode ) { + tween.elem[ tween.prop ] = tween.now; + } + } +}; + +jQuery.easing = { + linear: function( p ) { + return p; + }, + swing: function( p ) { + return 0.5 - Math.cos( p * Math.PI ) / 2; + }, + _default: "swing" +}; + +jQuery.fx = Tween.prototype.init; + +// Back compat <1.8 extension point +jQuery.fx.step = {}; + + + + +var + fxNow, inProgress, + rfxtypes = /^(?:toggle|show|hide)$/, + rrun = /queueHooks$/; + +function schedule() { + if ( inProgress ) { + if ( document.hidden === false && window.requestAnimationFrame ) { + window.requestAnimationFrame( schedule ); + } else { + window.setTimeout( schedule, jQuery.fx.interval ); + } + + jQuery.fx.tick(); + } +} + +// Animations created synchronously will run synchronously +function createFxNow() { + window.setTimeout( function() { + fxNow = undefined; + } ); + return ( fxNow = Date.now() ); +} + +// Generate parameters to create a standard animation +function genFx( type, includeWidth ) { + var which, + i = 0, + attrs = { height: type }; + + // If we include width, step value is 1 to do all cssExpand values, + // otherwise step value is 2 to skip over Left and Right + includeWidth = includeWidth ? 1 : 0; + for ( ; i < 4; i += 2 - includeWidth ) { + which = cssExpand[ i ]; + attrs[ "margin" + which ] = attrs[ "padding" + which ] = type; + } + + if ( includeWidth ) { + attrs.opacity = attrs.width = type; + } + + return attrs; +} + +function createTween( value, prop, animation ) { + var tween, + collection = ( Animation.tweeners[ prop ] || [] ).concat( Animation.tweeners[ "*" ] ), + index = 0, + length = collection.length; + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + if ( ( tween = collection[ index ].call( animation, prop, value ) ) ) { + + // We're done with this property + return tween; + } + } +} + +function defaultPrefilter( elem, props, opts ) { + var prop, value, toggle, hooks, oldfire, propTween, restoreDisplay, display, + isBox = "width" in props || "height" in props, + anim = this, + orig = {}, + style = elem.style, + hidden = elem.nodeType && isHiddenWithinTree( elem ), + dataShow = dataPriv.get( elem, "fxshow" ); + + // Queue-skipping animations hijack the fx hooks + if ( !opts.queue ) { + hooks = jQuery._queueHooks( elem, "fx" ); + if ( hooks.unqueued == null ) { + hooks.unqueued = 0; + oldfire = hooks.empty.fire; + hooks.empty.fire = function() { + if ( !hooks.unqueued ) { + oldfire(); + } + }; + } + hooks.unqueued++; + + anim.always( function() { + + // Ensure the complete handler is called before this completes + anim.always( function() { + hooks.unqueued--; + if ( !jQuery.queue( elem, "fx" ).length ) { + hooks.empty.fire(); + } + } ); + } ); + } + + // Detect show/hide animations + for ( prop in props ) { + value = props[ prop ]; + if ( rfxtypes.test( value ) ) { + delete props[ prop ]; + toggle = toggle || value === "toggle"; + if ( value === ( hidden ? "hide" : "show" ) ) { + + // Pretend to be hidden if this is a "show" and + // there is still data from a stopped show/hide + if ( value === "show" && dataShow && dataShow[ prop ] !== undefined ) { + hidden = true; + + // Ignore all other no-op show/hide data + } else { + continue; + } + } + orig[ prop ] = dataShow && dataShow[ prop ] || jQuery.style( elem, prop ); + } + } + + // Bail out if this is a no-op like .hide().hide() + propTween = !jQuery.isEmptyObject( props ); + if ( !propTween && jQuery.isEmptyObject( orig ) ) { + return; + } + + // Restrict "overflow" and "display" styles during box animations + if ( isBox && elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11, Edge 12 - 15 + // Record all 3 overflow attributes because IE does not infer the shorthand + // from identically-valued overflowX and overflowY and Edge just mirrors + // the overflowX value there. + opts.overflow = [ style.overflow, style.overflowX, style.overflowY ]; + + // Identify a display type, preferring old show/hide data over the CSS cascade + restoreDisplay = dataShow && dataShow.display; + if ( restoreDisplay == null ) { + restoreDisplay = dataPriv.get( elem, "display" ); + } + display = jQuery.css( elem, "display" ); + if ( display === "none" ) { + if ( restoreDisplay ) { + display = restoreDisplay; + } else { + + // Get nonempty value(s) by temporarily forcing visibility + showHide( [ elem ], true ); + restoreDisplay = elem.style.display || restoreDisplay; + display = jQuery.css( elem, "display" ); + showHide( [ elem ] ); + } + } + + // Animate inline elements as inline-block + if ( display === "inline" || display === "inline-block" && restoreDisplay != null ) { + if ( jQuery.css( elem, "float" ) === "none" ) { + + // Restore the original display value at the end of pure show/hide animations + if ( !propTween ) { + anim.done( function() { + style.display = restoreDisplay; + } ); + if ( restoreDisplay == null ) { + display = style.display; + restoreDisplay = display === "none" ? "" : display; + } + } + style.display = "inline-block"; + } + } + } + + if ( opts.overflow ) { + style.overflow = "hidden"; + anim.always( function() { + style.overflow = opts.overflow[ 0 ]; + style.overflowX = opts.overflow[ 1 ]; + style.overflowY = opts.overflow[ 2 ]; + } ); + } + + // Implement show/hide animations + propTween = false; + for ( prop in orig ) { + + // General show/hide setup for this element animation + if ( !propTween ) { + if ( dataShow ) { + if ( "hidden" in dataShow ) { + hidden = dataShow.hidden; + } + } else { + dataShow = dataPriv.access( elem, "fxshow", { display: restoreDisplay } ); + } + + // Store hidden/visible for toggle so `.stop().toggle()` "reverses" + if ( toggle ) { + dataShow.hidden = !hidden; + } + + // Show elements before animating them + if ( hidden ) { + showHide( [ elem ], true ); + } + + /* eslint-disable no-loop-func */ + + anim.done( function() { + + /* eslint-enable no-loop-func */ + + // The final step of a "hide" animation is actually hiding the element + if ( !hidden ) { + showHide( [ elem ] ); + } + dataPriv.remove( elem, "fxshow" ); + for ( prop in orig ) { + jQuery.style( elem, prop, orig[ prop ] ); + } + } ); + } + + // Per-property setup + propTween = createTween( hidden ? dataShow[ prop ] : 0, prop, anim ); + if ( !( prop in dataShow ) ) { + dataShow[ prop ] = propTween.start; + if ( hidden ) { + propTween.end = propTween.start; + propTween.start = 0; + } + } + } +} + +function propFilter( props, specialEasing ) { + var index, name, easing, value, hooks; + + // camelCase, specialEasing and expand cssHook pass + for ( index in props ) { + name = camelCase( index ); + easing = specialEasing[ name ]; + value = props[ index ]; + if ( Array.isArray( value ) ) { + easing = value[ 1 ]; + value = props[ index ] = value[ 0 ]; + } + + if ( index !== name ) { + props[ name ] = value; + delete props[ index ]; + } + + hooks = jQuery.cssHooks[ name ]; + if ( hooks && "expand" in hooks ) { + value = hooks.expand( value ); + delete props[ name ]; + + // Not quite $.extend, this won't overwrite existing keys. + // Reusing 'index' because we have the correct "name" + for ( index in value ) { + if ( !( index in props ) ) { + props[ index ] = value[ index ]; + specialEasing[ index ] = easing; + } + } + } else { + specialEasing[ name ] = easing; + } + } +} + +function Animation( elem, properties, options ) { + var result, + stopped, + index = 0, + length = Animation.prefilters.length, + deferred = jQuery.Deferred().always( function() { + + // Don't match elem in the :animated selector + delete tick.elem; + } ), + tick = function() { + if ( stopped ) { + return false; + } + var currentTime = fxNow || createFxNow(), + remaining = Math.max( 0, animation.startTime + animation.duration - currentTime ), + + // Support: Android 2.3 only + // Archaic crash bug won't allow us to use `1 - ( 0.5 || 0 )` (#12497) + temp = remaining / animation.duration || 0, + percent = 1 - temp, + index = 0, + length = animation.tweens.length; + + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + animation.tweens[ index ].run( percent ); + } + + deferred.notifyWith( elem, [ animation, percent, remaining ] ); + + // If there's more to do, yield + if ( percent < 1 && length ) { + return remaining; + } + + // If this was an empty animation, synthesize a final progress notification + if ( !length ) { + deferred.notifyWith( elem, [ animation, 1, 0 ] ); + } + + // Resolve the animation and report its conclusion + deferred.resolveWith( elem, [ animation ] ); + return false; + }, + animation = deferred.promise( { + elem: elem, + props: jQuery.extend( {}, properties ), + opts: jQuery.extend( true, { + specialEasing: {}, + easing: jQuery.easing._default + }, options ), + originalProperties: properties, + originalOptions: options, + startTime: fxNow || createFxNow(), + duration: options.duration, + tweens: [], + createTween: function( prop, end ) { + var tween = jQuery.Tween( elem, animation.opts, prop, end, + animation.opts.specialEasing[ prop ] || animation.opts.easing ); + animation.tweens.push( tween ); + return tween; + }, + stop: function( gotoEnd ) { + var index = 0, + + // If we are going to the end, we want to run all the tweens + // otherwise we skip this part + length = gotoEnd ? animation.tweens.length : 0; + if ( stopped ) { + return this; + } + stopped = true; + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + animation.tweens[ index ].run( 1 ); + } + + // Resolve when we played the last frame; otherwise, reject + if ( gotoEnd ) { + deferred.notifyWith( elem, [ animation, 1, 0 ] ); + deferred.resolveWith( elem, [ animation, gotoEnd ] ); + } else { + deferred.rejectWith( elem, [ animation, gotoEnd ] ); + } + return this; + } + } ), + props = animation.props; + + propFilter( props, animation.opts.specialEasing ); + + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + result = Animation.prefilters[ index ].call( animation, elem, props, animation.opts ); + if ( result ) { + if ( isFunction( result.stop ) ) { + jQuery._queueHooks( animation.elem, animation.opts.queue ).stop = + result.stop.bind( result ); + } + return result; + } + } + + jQuery.map( props, createTween, animation ); + + if ( isFunction( animation.opts.start ) ) { + animation.opts.start.call( elem, animation ); + } + + // Attach callbacks from options + animation + .progress( animation.opts.progress ) + .done( animation.opts.done, animation.opts.complete ) + .fail( animation.opts.fail ) + .always( animation.opts.always ); + + jQuery.fx.timer( + jQuery.extend( tick, { + elem: elem, + anim: animation, + queue: animation.opts.queue + } ) + ); + + return animation; +} + +jQuery.Animation = jQuery.extend( Animation, { + + tweeners: { + "*": [ function( prop, value ) { + var tween = this.createTween( prop, value ); + adjustCSS( tween.elem, prop, rcssNum.exec( value ), tween ); + return tween; + } ] + }, + + tweener: function( props, callback ) { + if ( isFunction( props ) ) { + callback = props; + props = [ "*" ]; + } else { + props = props.match( rnothtmlwhite ); + } + + var prop, + index = 0, + length = props.length; + + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + prop = props[ index ]; + Animation.tweeners[ prop ] = Animation.tweeners[ prop ] || []; + Animation.tweeners[ prop ].unshift( callback ); + } + }, + + prefilters: [ defaultPrefilter ], + + prefilter: function( callback, prepend ) { + if ( prepend ) { + Animation.prefilters.unshift( callback ); + } else { + Animation.prefilters.push( callback ); + } + } +} ); + +jQuery.speed = function( speed, easing, fn ) { + var opt = speed && typeof speed === "object" ? jQuery.extend( {}, speed ) : { + complete: fn || !fn && easing || + isFunction( speed ) && speed, + duration: speed, + easing: fn && easing || easing && !isFunction( easing ) && easing + }; + + // Go to the end state if fx are off + if ( jQuery.fx.off ) { + opt.duration = 0; + + } else { + if ( typeof opt.duration !== "number" ) { + if ( opt.duration in jQuery.fx.speeds ) { + opt.duration = jQuery.fx.speeds[ opt.duration ]; + + } else { + opt.duration = jQuery.fx.speeds._default; + } + } + } + + // Normalize opt.queue - true/undefined/null -> "fx" + if ( opt.queue == null || opt.queue === true ) { + opt.queue = "fx"; + } + + // Queueing + opt.old = opt.complete; + + opt.complete = function() { + if ( isFunction( opt.old ) ) { + opt.old.call( this ); + } + + if ( opt.queue ) { + jQuery.dequeue( this, opt.queue ); + } + }; + + return opt; +}; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + fadeTo: function( speed, to, easing, callback ) { + + // Show any hidden elements after setting opacity to 0 + return this.filter( isHiddenWithinTree ).css( "opacity", 0 ).show() + + // Animate to the value specified + .end().animate( { opacity: to }, speed, easing, callback ); + }, + animate: function( prop, speed, easing, callback ) { + var empty = jQuery.isEmptyObject( prop ), + optall = jQuery.speed( speed, easing, callback ), + doAnimation = function() { + + // Operate on a copy of prop so per-property easing won't be lost + var anim = Animation( this, jQuery.extend( {}, prop ), optall ); + + // Empty animations, or finishing resolves immediately + if ( empty || dataPriv.get( this, "finish" ) ) { + anim.stop( true ); + } + }; + doAnimation.finish = doAnimation; + + return empty || optall.queue === false ? + this.each( doAnimation ) : + this.queue( optall.queue, doAnimation ); + }, + stop: function( type, clearQueue, gotoEnd ) { + var stopQueue = function( hooks ) { + var stop = hooks.stop; + delete hooks.stop; + stop( gotoEnd ); + }; + + if ( typeof type !== "string" ) { + gotoEnd = clearQueue; + clearQueue = type; + type = undefined; + } + if ( clearQueue ) { + this.queue( type || "fx", [] ); + } + + return this.each( function() { + var dequeue = true, + index = type != null && type + "queueHooks", + timers = jQuery.timers, + data = dataPriv.get( this ); + + if ( index ) { + if ( data[ index ] && data[ index ].stop ) { + stopQueue( data[ index ] ); + } + } else { + for ( index in data ) { + if ( data[ index ] && data[ index ].stop && rrun.test( index ) ) { + stopQueue( data[ index ] ); + } + } + } + + for ( index = timers.length; index--; ) { + if ( timers[ index ].elem === this && + ( type == null || timers[ index ].queue === type ) ) { + + timers[ index ].anim.stop( gotoEnd ); + dequeue = false; + timers.splice( index, 1 ); + } + } + + // Start the next in the queue if the last step wasn't forced. + // Timers currently will call their complete callbacks, which + // will dequeue but only if they were gotoEnd. + if ( dequeue || !gotoEnd ) { + jQuery.dequeue( this, type ); + } + } ); + }, + finish: function( type ) { + if ( type !== false ) { + type = type || "fx"; + } + return this.each( function() { + var index, + data = dataPriv.get( this ), + queue = data[ type + "queue" ], + hooks = data[ type + "queueHooks" ], + timers = jQuery.timers, + length = queue ? queue.length : 0; + + // Enable finishing flag on private data + data.finish = true; + + // Empty the queue first + jQuery.queue( this, type, [] ); + + if ( hooks && hooks.stop ) { + hooks.stop.call( this, true ); + } + + // Look for any active animations, and finish them + for ( index = timers.length; index--; ) { + if ( timers[ index ].elem === this && timers[ index ].queue === type ) { + timers[ index ].anim.stop( true ); + timers.splice( index, 1 ); + } + } + + // Look for any animations in the old queue and finish them + for ( index = 0; index < length; index++ ) { + if ( queue[ index ] && queue[ index ].finish ) { + queue[ index ].finish.call( this ); + } + } + + // Turn off finishing flag + delete data.finish; + } ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.each( [ "toggle", "show", "hide" ], function( _i, name ) { + var cssFn = jQuery.fn[ name ]; + jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( speed, easing, callback ) { + return speed == null || typeof speed === "boolean" ? + cssFn.apply( this, arguments ) : + this.animate( genFx( name, true ), speed, easing, callback ); + }; +} ); + +// Generate shortcuts for custom animations +jQuery.each( { + slideDown: genFx( "show" ), + slideUp: genFx( "hide" ), + slideToggle: genFx( "toggle" ), + fadeIn: { opacity: "show" }, + fadeOut: { opacity: "hide" }, + fadeToggle: { opacity: "toggle" } +}, function( name, props ) { + jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( speed, easing, callback ) { + return this.animate( props, speed, easing, callback ); + }; +} ); + +jQuery.timers = []; +jQuery.fx.tick = function() { + var timer, + i = 0, + timers = jQuery.timers; + + fxNow = Date.now(); + + for ( ; i < timers.length; i++ ) { + timer = timers[ i ]; + + // Run the timer and safely remove it when done (allowing for external removal) + if ( !timer() && timers[ i ] === timer ) { + timers.splice( i--, 1 ); + } + } + + if ( !timers.length ) { + jQuery.fx.stop(); + } + fxNow = undefined; +}; + +jQuery.fx.timer = function( timer ) { + jQuery.timers.push( timer ); + jQuery.fx.start(); +}; + +jQuery.fx.interval = 13; +jQuery.fx.start = function() { + if ( inProgress ) { + return; + } + + inProgress = true; + schedule(); +}; + +jQuery.fx.stop = function() { + inProgress = null; +}; + +jQuery.fx.speeds = { + slow: 600, + fast: 200, + + // Default speed + _default: 400 +}; + + +// Based off of the plugin by Clint Helfers, with permission. +// https://web.archive.org/web/20100324014747/http://blindsignals.com/index.php/2009/07/jquery-delay/ +jQuery.fn.delay = function( time, type ) { + time = jQuery.fx ? jQuery.fx.speeds[ time ] || time : time; + type = type || "fx"; + + return this.queue( type, function( next, hooks ) { + var timeout = window.setTimeout( next, time ); + hooks.stop = function() { + window.clearTimeout( timeout ); + }; + } ); +}; + + +( function() { + var input = document.createElement( "input" ), + select = document.createElement( "select" ), + opt = select.appendChild( document.createElement( "option" ) ); + + input.type = "checkbox"; + + // Support: Android <=4.3 only + // Default value for a checkbox should be "on" + support.checkOn = input.value !== ""; + + // Support: IE <=11 only + // Must access selectedIndex to make default options select + support.optSelected = opt.selected; + + // Support: IE <=11 only + // An input loses its value after becoming a radio + input = document.createElement( "input" ); + input.value = "t"; + input.type = "radio"; + support.radioValue = input.value === "t"; +} )(); + + +var boolHook, + attrHandle = jQuery.expr.attrHandle; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + attr: function( name, value ) { + return access( this, jQuery.attr, name, value, arguments.length > 1 ); + }, + + removeAttr: function( name ) { + return this.each( function() { + jQuery.removeAttr( this, name ); + } ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.extend( { + attr: function( elem, name, value ) { + var ret, hooks, + nType = elem.nodeType; + + // Don't get/set attributes on text, comment and attribute nodes + if ( nType === 3 || nType === 8 || nType === 2 ) { + return; + } + + // Fallback to prop when attributes are not supported + if ( typeof elem.getAttribute === "undefined" ) { + return jQuery.prop( elem, name, value ); + } + + // Attribute hooks are determined by the lowercase version + // Grab necessary hook if one is defined + if ( nType !== 1 || !jQuery.isXMLDoc( elem ) ) { + hooks = jQuery.attrHooks[ name.toLowerCase() ] || + ( jQuery.expr.match.bool.test( name ) ? boolHook : undefined ); + } + + if ( value !== undefined ) { + if ( value === null ) { + jQuery.removeAttr( elem, name ); + return; + } + + if ( hooks && "set" in hooks && + ( ret = hooks.set( elem, value, name ) ) !== undefined ) { + return ret; + } + + elem.setAttribute( name, value + "" ); + return value; + } + + if ( hooks && "get" in hooks && ( ret = hooks.get( elem, name ) ) !== null ) { + return ret; + } + + ret = jQuery.find.attr( elem, name ); + + // Non-existent attributes return null, we normalize to undefined + return ret == null ? undefined : ret; + }, + + attrHooks: { + type: { + set: function( elem, value ) { + if ( !support.radioValue && value === "radio" && + nodeName( elem, "input" ) ) { + var val = elem.value; + elem.setAttribute( "type", value ); + if ( val ) { + elem.value = val; + } + return value; + } + } + } + }, + + removeAttr: function( elem, value ) { + var name, + i = 0, + + // Attribute names can contain non-HTML whitespace characters + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/syntax.html#attributes-2 + attrNames = value && value.match( rnothtmlwhite ); + + if ( attrNames && elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + while ( ( name = attrNames[ i++ ] ) ) { + elem.removeAttribute( name ); + } + } + } +} ); + +// Hooks for boolean attributes +boolHook = { + set: function( elem, value, name ) { + if ( value === false ) { + + // Remove boolean attributes when set to false + jQuery.removeAttr( elem, name ); + } else { + elem.setAttribute( name, name ); + } + return name; + } +}; + +jQuery.each( jQuery.expr.match.bool.source.match( /\w+/g ), function( _i, name ) { + var getter = attrHandle[ name ] || jQuery.find.attr; + + attrHandle[ name ] = function( elem, name, isXML ) { + var ret, handle, + lowercaseName = name.toLowerCase(); + + if ( !isXML ) { + + // Avoid an infinite loop by temporarily removing this function from the getter + handle = attrHandle[ lowercaseName ]; + attrHandle[ lowercaseName ] = ret; + ret = getter( elem, name, isXML ) != null ? + lowercaseName : + null; + attrHandle[ lowercaseName ] = handle; + } + return ret; + }; +} ); + + + + +var rfocusable = /^(?:input|select|textarea|button)$/i, + rclickable = /^(?:a|area)$/i; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + prop: function( name, value ) { + return access( this, jQuery.prop, name, value, arguments.length > 1 ); + }, + + removeProp: function( name ) { + return this.each( function() { + delete this[ jQuery.propFix[ name ] || name ]; + } ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.extend( { + prop: function( elem, name, value ) { + var ret, hooks, + nType = elem.nodeType; + + // Don't get/set properties on text, comment and attribute nodes + if ( nType === 3 || nType === 8 || nType === 2 ) { + return; + } + + if ( nType !== 1 || !jQuery.isXMLDoc( elem ) ) { + + // Fix name and attach hooks + name = jQuery.propFix[ name ] || name; + hooks = jQuery.propHooks[ name ]; + } + + if ( value !== undefined ) { + if ( hooks && "set" in hooks && + ( ret = hooks.set( elem, value, name ) ) !== undefined ) { + return ret; + } + + return ( elem[ name ] = value ); + } + + if ( hooks && "get" in hooks && ( ret = hooks.get( elem, name ) ) !== null ) { + return ret; + } + + return elem[ name ]; + }, + + propHooks: { + tabIndex: { + get: function( elem ) { + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11 only + // elem.tabIndex doesn't always return the + // correct value when it hasn't been explicitly set + // https://web.archive.org/web/20141116233347/http://fluidproject.org/blog/2008/01/09/getting-setting-and-removing-tabindex-values-with-javascript/ + // Use proper attribute retrieval(#12072) + var tabindex = jQuery.find.attr( elem, "tabindex" ); + + if ( tabindex ) { + return parseInt( tabindex, 10 ); + } + + if ( + rfocusable.test( elem.nodeName ) || + rclickable.test( elem.nodeName ) && + elem.href + ) { + return 0; + } + + return -1; + } + } + }, + + propFix: { + "for": "htmlFor", + "class": "className" + } +} ); + +// Support: IE <=11 only +// Accessing the selectedIndex property +// forces the browser to respect setting selected +// on the option +// The getter ensures a default option is selected +// when in an optgroup +// eslint rule "no-unused-expressions" is disabled for this code +// since it considers such accessions noop +if ( !support.optSelected ) { + jQuery.propHooks.selected = { + get: function( elem ) { + + /* eslint no-unused-expressions: "off" */ + + var parent = elem.parentNode; + if ( parent && parent.parentNode ) { + parent.parentNode.selectedIndex; + } + return null; + }, + set: function( elem ) { + + /* eslint no-unused-expressions: "off" */ + + var parent = elem.parentNode; + if ( parent ) { + parent.selectedIndex; + + if ( parent.parentNode ) { + parent.parentNode.selectedIndex; + } + } + } + }; +} + +jQuery.each( [ + "tabIndex", + "readOnly", + "maxLength", + "cellSpacing", + "cellPadding", + "rowSpan", + "colSpan", + "useMap", + "frameBorder", + "contentEditable" +], function() { + jQuery.propFix[ this.toLowerCase() ] = this; +} ); + + + + + // Strip and collapse whitespace according to HTML spec + // https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#strip-and-collapse-ascii-whitespace + function stripAndCollapse( value ) { + var tokens = value.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || []; + return tokens.join( " " ); + } + + +function getClass( elem ) { + return elem.getAttribute && elem.getAttribute( "class" ) || ""; +} + +function classesToArray( value ) { + if ( Array.isArray( value ) ) { + return value; + } + if ( typeof value === "string" ) { + return value.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || []; + } + return []; +} + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + addClass: function( value ) { + var classes, elem, cur, curValue, clazz, j, finalValue, + i = 0; + + if ( isFunction( value ) ) { + return this.each( function( j ) { + jQuery( this ).addClass( value.call( this, j, getClass( this ) ) ); + } ); + } + + classes = classesToArray( value ); + + if ( classes.length ) { + while ( ( elem = this[ i++ ] ) ) { + curValue = getClass( elem ); + cur = elem.nodeType === 1 && ( " " + stripAndCollapse( curValue ) + " " ); + + if ( cur ) { + j = 0; + while ( ( clazz = classes[ j++ ] ) ) { + if ( cur.indexOf( " " + clazz + " " ) < 0 ) { + cur += clazz + " "; + } + } + + // Only assign if different to avoid unneeded rendering. + finalValue = stripAndCollapse( cur ); + if ( curValue !== finalValue ) { + elem.setAttribute( "class", finalValue ); + } + } + } + } + + return this; + }, + + removeClass: function( value ) { + var classes, elem, cur, curValue, clazz, j, finalValue, + i = 0; + + if ( isFunction( value ) ) { + return this.each( function( j ) { + jQuery( this ).removeClass( value.call( this, j, getClass( this ) ) ); + } ); + } + + if ( !arguments.length ) { + return this.attr( "class", "" ); + } + + classes = classesToArray( value ); + + if ( classes.length ) { + while ( ( elem = this[ i++ ] ) ) { + curValue = getClass( elem ); + + // This expression is here for better compressibility (see addClass) + cur = elem.nodeType === 1 && ( " " + stripAndCollapse( curValue ) + " " ); + + if ( cur ) { + j = 0; + while ( ( clazz = classes[ j++ ] ) ) { + + // Remove *all* instances + while ( cur.indexOf( " " + clazz + " " ) > -1 ) { + cur = cur.replace( " " + clazz + " ", " " ); + } + } + + // Only assign if different to avoid unneeded rendering. + finalValue = stripAndCollapse( cur ); + if ( curValue !== finalValue ) { + elem.setAttribute( "class", finalValue ); + } + } + } + } + + return this; + }, + + toggleClass: function( value, stateVal ) { + var type = typeof value, + isValidValue = type === "string" || Array.isArray( value ); + + if ( typeof stateVal === "boolean" && isValidValue ) { + return stateVal ? this.addClass( value ) : this.removeClass( value ); + } + + if ( isFunction( value ) ) { + return this.each( function( i ) { + jQuery( this ).toggleClass( + value.call( this, i, getClass( this ), stateVal ), + stateVal + ); + } ); + } + + return this.each( function() { + var className, i, self, classNames; + + if ( isValidValue ) { + + // Toggle individual class names + i = 0; + self = jQuery( this ); + classNames = classesToArray( value ); + + while ( ( className = classNames[ i++ ] ) ) { + + // Check each className given, space separated list + if ( self.hasClass( className ) ) { + self.removeClass( className ); + } else { + self.addClass( className ); + } + } + + // Toggle whole class name + } else if ( value === undefined || type === "boolean" ) { + className = getClass( this ); + if ( className ) { + + // Store className if set + dataPriv.set( this, "__className__", className ); + } + + // If the element has a class name or if we're passed `false`, + // then remove the whole classname (if there was one, the above saved it). + // Otherwise bring back whatever was previously saved (if anything), + // falling back to the empty string if nothing was stored. + if ( this.setAttribute ) { + this.setAttribute( "class", + className || value === false ? + "" : + dataPriv.get( this, "__className__" ) || "" + ); + } + } + } ); + }, + + hasClass: function( selector ) { + var className, elem, + i = 0; + + className = " " + selector + " "; + while ( ( elem = this[ i++ ] ) ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 && + ( " " + stripAndCollapse( getClass( elem ) ) + " " ).indexOf( className ) > -1 ) { + return true; + } + } + + return false; + } +} ); + + + + +var rreturn = /\r/g; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + val: function( value ) { + var hooks, ret, valueIsFunction, + elem = this[ 0 ]; + + if ( !arguments.length ) { + if ( elem ) { + hooks = jQuery.valHooks[ elem.type ] || + jQuery.valHooks[ elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() ]; + + if ( hooks && + "get" in hooks && + ( ret = hooks.get( elem, "value" ) ) !== undefined + ) { + return ret; + } + + ret = elem.value; + + // Handle most common string cases + if ( typeof ret === "string" ) { + return ret.replace( rreturn, "" ); + } + + // Handle cases where value is null/undef or number + return ret == null ? "" : ret; + } + + return; + } + + valueIsFunction = isFunction( value ); + + return this.each( function( i ) { + var val; + + if ( this.nodeType !== 1 ) { + return; + } + + if ( valueIsFunction ) { + val = value.call( this, i, jQuery( this ).val() ); + } else { + val = value; + } + + // Treat null/undefined as ""; convert numbers to string + if ( val == null ) { + val = ""; + + } else if ( typeof val === "number" ) { + val += ""; + + } else if ( Array.isArray( val ) ) { + val = jQuery.map( val, function( value ) { + return value == null ? "" : value + ""; + } ); + } + + hooks = jQuery.valHooks[ this.type ] || jQuery.valHooks[ this.nodeName.toLowerCase() ]; + + // If set returns undefined, fall back to normal setting + if ( !hooks || !( "set" in hooks ) || hooks.set( this, val, "value" ) === undefined ) { + this.value = val; + } + } ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.extend( { + valHooks: { + option: { + get: function( elem ) { + + var val = jQuery.find.attr( elem, "value" ); + return val != null ? + val : + + // Support: IE <=10 - 11 only + // option.text throws exceptions (#14686, #14858) + // Strip and collapse whitespace + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#strip-and-collapse-whitespace + stripAndCollapse( jQuery.text( elem ) ); + } + }, + select: { + get: function( elem ) { + var value, option, i, + options = elem.options, + index = elem.selectedIndex, + one = elem.type === "select-one", + values = one ? null : [], + max = one ? index + 1 : options.length; + + if ( index < 0 ) { + i = max; + + } else { + i = one ? index : 0; + } + + // Loop through all the selected options + for ( ; i < max; i++ ) { + option = options[ i ]; + + // Support: IE <=9 only + // IE8-9 doesn't update selected after form reset (#2551) + if ( ( option.selected || i === index ) && + + // Don't return options that are disabled or in a disabled optgroup + !option.disabled && + ( !option.parentNode.disabled || + !nodeName( option.parentNode, "optgroup" ) ) ) { + + // Get the specific value for the option + value = jQuery( option ).val(); + + // We don't need an array for one selects + if ( one ) { + return value; + } + + // Multi-Selects return an array + values.push( value ); + } + } + + return values; + }, + + set: function( elem, value ) { + var optionSet, option, + options = elem.options, + values = jQuery.makeArray( value ), + i = options.length; + + while ( i-- ) { + option = options[ i ]; + + /* eslint-disable no-cond-assign */ + + if ( option.selected = + jQuery.inArray( jQuery.valHooks.option.get( option ), values ) > -1 + ) { + optionSet = true; + } + + /* eslint-enable no-cond-assign */ + } + + // Force browsers to behave consistently when non-matching value is set + if ( !optionSet ) { + elem.selectedIndex = -1; + } + return values; + } + } + } +} ); + +// Radios and checkboxes getter/setter +jQuery.each( [ "radio", "checkbox" ], function() { + jQuery.valHooks[ this ] = { + set: function( elem, value ) { + if ( Array.isArray( value ) ) { + return ( elem.checked = jQuery.inArray( jQuery( elem ).val(), value ) > -1 ); + } + } + }; + if ( !support.checkOn ) { + jQuery.valHooks[ this ].get = function( elem ) { + return elem.getAttribute( "value" ) === null ? "on" : elem.value; + }; + } +} ); + + + + +// Return jQuery for attributes-only inclusion + + +support.focusin = "onfocusin" in window; + + +var rfocusMorph = /^(?:focusinfocus|focusoutblur)$/, + stopPropagationCallback = function( e ) { + e.stopPropagation(); + }; + +jQuery.extend( jQuery.event, { + + trigger: function( event, data, elem, onlyHandlers ) { + + var i, cur, tmp, bubbleType, ontype, handle, special, lastElement, + eventPath = [ elem || document ], + type = hasOwn.call( event, "type" ) ? event.type : event, + namespaces = hasOwn.call( event, "namespace" ) ? event.namespace.split( "." ) : []; + + cur = lastElement = tmp = elem = elem || document; + + // Don't do events on text and comment nodes + if ( elem.nodeType === 3 || elem.nodeType === 8 ) { + return; + } + + // focus/blur morphs to focusin/out; ensure we're not firing them right now + if ( rfocusMorph.test( type + jQuery.event.triggered ) ) { + return; + } + + if ( type.indexOf( "." ) > -1 ) { + + // Namespaced trigger; create a regexp to match event type in handle() + namespaces = type.split( "." ); + type = namespaces.shift(); + namespaces.sort(); + } + ontype = type.indexOf( ":" ) < 0 && "on" + type; + + // Caller can pass in a jQuery.Event object, Object, or just an event type string + event = event[ jQuery.expando ] ? + event : + new jQuery.Event( type, typeof event === "object" && event ); + + // Trigger bitmask: & 1 for native handlers; & 2 for jQuery (always true) + event.isTrigger = onlyHandlers ? 2 : 3; + event.namespace = namespaces.join( "." ); + event.rnamespace = event.namespace ? + new RegExp( "(^|\\.)" + namespaces.join( "\\.(?:.*\\.|)" ) + "(\\.|$)" ) : + null; + + // Clean up the event in case it is being reused + event.result = undefined; + if ( !event.target ) { + event.target = elem; + } + + // Clone any incoming data and prepend the event, creating the handler arg list + data = data == null ? + [ event ] : + jQuery.makeArray( data, [ event ] ); + + // Allow special events to draw outside the lines + special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {}; + if ( !onlyHandlers && special.trigger && special.trigger.apply( elem, data ) === false ) { + return; + } + + // Determine event propagation path in advance, per W3C events spec (#9951) + // Bubble up to document, then to window; watch for a global ownerDocument var (#9724) + if ( !onlyHandlers && !special.noBubble && !isWindow( elem ) ) { + + bubbleType = special.delegateType || type; + if ( !rfocusMorph.test( bubbleType + type ) ) { + cur = cur.parentNode; + } + for ( ; cur; cur = cur.parentNode ) { + eventPath.push( cur ); + tmp = cur; + } + + // Only add window if we got to document (e.g., not plain obj or detached DOM) + if ( tmp === ( elem.ownerDocument || document ) ) { + eventPath.push( tmp.defaultView || tmp.parentWindow || window ); + } + } + + // Fire handlers on the event path + i = 0; + while ( ( cur = eventPath[ i++ ] ) && !event.isPropagationStopped() ) { + lastElement = cur; + event.type = i > 1 ? + bubbleType : + special.bindType || type; + + // jQuery handler + handle = ( + dataPriv.get( cur, "events" ) || Object.create( null ) + )[ event.type ] && + dataPriv.get( cur, "handle" ); + if ( handle ) { + handle.apply( cur, data ); + } + + // Native handler + handle = ontype && cur[ ontype ]; + if ( handle && handle.apply && acceptData( cur ) ) { + event.result = handle.apply( cur, data ); + if ( event.result === false ) { + event.preventDefault(); + } + } + } + event.type = type; + + // If nobody prevented the default action, do it now + if ( !onlyHandlers && !event.isDefaultPrevented() ) { + + if ( ( !special._default || + special._default.apply( eventPath.pop(), data ) === false ) && + acceptData( elem ) ) { + + // Call a native DOM method on the target with the same name as the event. + // Don't do default actions on window, that's where global variables be (#6170) + if ( ontype && isFunction( elem[ type ] ) && !isWindow( elem ) ) { + + // Don't re-trigger an onFOO event when we call its FOO() method + tmp = elem[ ontype ]; + + if ( tmp ) { + elem[ ontype ] = null; + } + + // Prevent re-triggering of the same event, since we already bubbled it above + jQuery.event.triggered = type; + + if ( event.isPropagationStopped() ) { + lastElement.addEventListener( type, stopPropagationCallback ); + } + + elem[ type ](); + + if ( event.isPropagationStopped() ) { + lastElement.removeEventListener( type, stopPropagationCallback ); + } + + jQuery.event.triggered = undefined; + + if ( tmp ) { + elem[ ontype ] = tmp; + } + } + } + } + + return event.result; + }, + + // Piggyback on a donor event to simulate a different one + // Used only for `focus(in | out)` events + simulate: function( type, elem, event ) { + var e = jQuery.extend( + new jQuery.Event(), + event, + { + type: type, + isSimulated: true + } + ); + + jQuery.event.trigger( e, null, elem ); + } + +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + + trigger: function( type, data ) { + return this.each( function() { + jQuery.event.trigger( type, data, this ); + } ); + }, + triggerHandler: function( type, data ) { + var elem = this[ 0 ]; + if ( elem ) { + return jQuery.event.trigger( type, data, elem, true ); + } + } +} ); + + +// Support: Firefox <=44 +// Firefox doesn't have focus(in | out) events +// Related ticket - https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=687787 +// +// Support: Chrome <=48 - 49, Safari <=9.0 - 9.1 +// focus(in | out) events fire after focus & blur events, +// which is spec violation - http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Events/#events-focusevent-event-order +// Related ticket - https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=449857 +if ( !support.focusin ) { + jQuery.each( { focus: "focusin", blur: "focusout" }, function( orig, fix ) { + + // Attach a single capturing handler on the document while someone wants focusin/focusout + var handler = function( event ) { + jQuery.event.simulate( fix, event.target, jQuery.event.fix( event ) ); + }; + + jQuery.event.special[ fix ] = { + setup: function() { + + // Handle: regular nodes (via `this.ownerDocument`), window + // (via `this.document`) & document (via `this`). + var doc = this.ownerDocument || this.document || this, + attaches = dataPriv.access( doc, fix ); + + if ( !attaches ) { + doc.addEventListener( orig, handler, true ); + } + dataPriv.access( doc, fix, ( attaches || 0 ) + 1 ); + }, + teardown: function() { + var doc = this.ownerDocument || this.document || this, + attaches = dataPriv.access( doc, fix ) - 1; + + if ( !attaches ) { + doc.removeEventListener( orig, handler, true ); + dataPriv.remove( doc, fix ); + + } else { + dataPriv.access( doc, fix, attaches ); + } + } + }; + } ); +} +var location = window.location; + +var nonce = { guid: Date.now() }; + +var rquery = ( /\?/ ); + + + +// Cross-browser xml parsing +jQuery.parseXML = function( data ) { + var xml; + if ( !data || typeof data !== "string" ) { + return null; + } + + // Support: IE 9 - 11 only + // IE throws on parseFromString with invalid input. + try { + xml = ( new window.DOMParser() ).parseFromString( data, "text/xml" ); + } catch ( e ) { + xml = undefined; + } + + if ( !xml || xml.getElementsByTagName( "parsererror" ).length ) { + jQuery.error( "Invalid XML: " + data ); + } + return xml; +}; + + +var + rbracket = /\[\]$/, + rCRLF = /\r?\n/g, + rsubmitterTypes = /^(?:submit|button|image|reset|file)$/i, + rsubmittable = /^(?:input|select|textarea|keygen)/i; + +function buildParams( prefix, obj, traditional, add ) { + var name; + + if ( Array.isArray( obj ) ) { + + // Serialize array item. + jQuery.each( obj, function( i, v ) { + if ( traditional || rbracket.test( prefix ) ) { + + // Treat each array item as a scalar. + add( prefix, v ); + + } else { + + // Item is non-scalar (array or object), encode its numeric index. + buildParams( + prefix + "[" + ( typeof v === "object" && v != null ? i : "" ) + "]", + v, + traditional, + add + ); + } + } ); + + } else if ( !traditional && toType( obj ) === "object" ) { + + // Serialize object item. + for ( name in obj ) { + buildParams( prefix + "[" + name + "]", obj[ name ], traditional, add ); + } + + } else { + + // Serialize scalar item. + add( prefix, obj ); + } +} + +// Serialize an array of form elements or a set of +// key/values into a query string +jQuery.param = function( a, traditional ) { + var prefix, + s = [], + add = function( key, valueOrFunction ) { + + // If value is a function, invoke it and use its return value + var value = isFunction( valueOrFunction ) ? + valueOrFunction() : + valueOrFunction; + + s[ s.length ] = encodeURIComponent( key ) + "=" + + encodeURIComponent( value == null ? "" : value ); + }; + + if ( a == null ) { + return ""; + } + + // If an array was passed in, assume that it is an array of form elements. + if ( Array.isArray( a ) || ( a.jquery && !jQuery.isPlainObject( a ) ) ) { + + // Serialize the form elements + jQuery.each( a, function() { + add( this.name, this.value ); + } ); + + } else { + + // If traditional, encode the "old" way (the way 1.3.2 or older + // did it), otherwise encode params recursively. + for ( prefix in a ) { + buildParams( prefix, a[ prefix ], traditional, add ); + } + } + + // Return the resulting serialization + return s.join( "&" ); +}; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + serialize: function() { + return jQuery.param( this.serializeArray() ); + }, + serializeArray: function() { + return this.map( function() { + + // Can add propHook for "elements" to filter or add form elements + var elements = jQuery.prop( this, "elements" ); + return elements ? jQuery.makeArray( elements ) : this; + } ) + .filter( function() { + var type = this.type; + + // Use .is( ":disabled" ) so that fieldset[disabled] works + return this.name && !jQuery( this ).is( ":disabled" ) && + rsubmittable.test( this.nodeName ) && !rsubmitterTypes.test( type ) && + ( this.checked || !rcheckableType.test( type ) ); + } ) + .map( function( _i, elem ) { + var val = jQuery( this ).val(); + + if ( val == null ) { + return null; + } + + if ( Array.isArray( val ) ) { + return jQuery.map( val, function( val ) { + return { name: elem.name, value: val.replace( rCRLF, "\r\n" ) }; + } ); + } + + return { name: elem.name, value: val.replace( rCRLF, "\r\n" ) }; + } ).get(); + } +} ); + + +var + r20 = /%20/g, + rhash = /#.*$/, + rantiCache = /([?&])_=[^&]*/, + rheaders = /^(.*?):[ \t]*([^\r\n]*)$/mg, + + // #7653, #8125, #8152: local protocol detection + rlocalProtocol = /^(?:about|app|app-storage|.+-extension|file|res|widget):$/, + rnoContent = /^(?:GET|HEAD)$/, + rprotocol = /^\/\//, + + /* Prefilters + * 1) They are useful to introduce custom dataTypes (see ajax/jsonp.js for an example) + * 2) These are called: + * - BEFORE asking for a transport + * - AFTER param serialization (s.data is a string if s.processData is true) + * 3) key is the dataType + * 4) the catchall symbol "*" can be used + * 5) execution will start with transport dataType and THEN continue down to "*" if needed + */ + prefilters = {}, + + /* Transports bindings + * 1) key is the dataType + * 2) the catchall symbol "*" can be used + * 3) selection will start with transport dataType and THEN go to "*" if needed + */ + transports = {}, + + // Avoid comment-prolog char sequence (#10098); must appease lint and evade compression + allTypes = "*/".concat( "*" ), + + // Anchor tag for parsing the document origin + originAnchor = document.createElement( "a" ); + originAnchor.href = location.href; + +// Base "constructor" for jQuery.ajaxPrefilter and jQuery.ajaxTransport +function addToPrefiltersOrTransports( structure ) { + + // dataTypeExpression is optional and defaults to "*" + return function( dataTypeExpression, func ) { + + if ( typeof dataTypeExpression !== "string" ) { + func = dataTypeExpression; + dataTypeExpression = "*"; + } + + var dataType, + i = 0, + dataTypes = dataTypeExpression.toLowerCase().match( rnothtmlwhite ) || []; + + if ( isFunction( func ) ) { + + // For each dataType in the dataTypeExpression + while ( ( dataType = dataTypes[ i++ ] ) ) { + + // Prepend if requested + if ( dataType[ 0 ] === "+" ) { + dataType = dataType.slice( 1 ) || "*"; + ( structure[ dataType ] = structure[ dataType ] || [] ).unshift( func ); + + // Otherwise append + } else { + ( structure[ dataType ] = structure[ dataType ] || [] ).push( func ); + } + } + } + }; +} + +// Base inspection function for prefilters and transports +function inspectPrefiltersOrTransports( structure, options, originalOptions, jqXHR ) { + + var inspected = {}, + seekingTransport = ( structure === transports ); + + function inspect( dataType ) { + var selected; + inspected[ dataType ] = true; + jQuery.each( structure[ dataType ] || [], function( _, prefilterOrFactory ) { + var dataTypeOrTransport = prefilterOrFactory( options, originalOptions, jqXHR ); + if ( typeof dataTypeOrTransport === "string" && + !seekingTransport && !inspected[ dataTypeOrTransport ] ) { + + options.dataTypes.unshift( dataTypeOrTransport ); + inspect( dataTypeOrTransport ); + return false; + } else if ( seekingTransport ) { + return !( selected = dataTypeOrTransport ); + } + } ); + return selected; + } + + return inspect( options.dataTypes[ 0 ] ) || !inspected[ "*" ] && inspect( "*" ); +} + +// A special extend for ajax options +// that takes "flat" options (not to be deep extended) +// Fixes #9887 +function ajaxExtend( target, src ) { + var key, deep, + flatOptions = jQuery.ajaxSettings.flatOptions || {}; + + for ( key in src ) { + if ( src[ key ] !== undefined ) { + ( flatOptions[ key ] ? target : ( deep || ( deep = {} ) ) )[ key ] = src[ key ]; + } + } + if ( deep ) { + jQuery.extend( true, target, deep ); + } + + return target; +} + +/* Handles responses to an ajax request: + * - finds the right dataType (mediates between content-type and expected dataType) + * - returns the corresponding response + */ +function ajaxHandleResponses( s, jqXHR, responses ) { + + var ct, type, finalDataType, firstDataType, + contents = s.contents, + dataTypes = s.dataTypes; + + // Remove auto dataType and get content-type in the process + while ( dataTypes[ 0 ] === "*" ) { + dataTypes.shift(); + if ( ct === undefined ) { + ct = s.mimeType || jqXHR.getResponseHeader( "Content-Type" ); + } + } + + // Check if we're dealing with a known content-type + if ( ct ) { + for ( type in contents ) { + if ( contents[ type ] && contents[ type ].test( ct ) ) { + dataTypes.unshift( type ); + break; + } + } + } + + // Check to see if we have a response for the expected dataType + if ( dataTypes[ 0 ] in responses ) { + finalDataType = dataTypes[ 0 ]; + } else { + + // Try convertible dataTypes + for ( type in responses ) { + if ( !dataTypes[ 0 ] || s.converters[ type + " " + dataTypes[ 0 ] ] ) { + finalDataType = type; + break; + } + if ( !firstDataType ) { + firstDataType = type; + } + } + + // Or just use first one + finalDataType = finalDataType || firstDataType; + } + + // If we found a dataType + // We add the dataType to the list if needed + // and return the corresponding response + if ( finalDataType ) { + if ( finalDataType !== dataTypes[ 0 ] ) { + dataTypes.unshift( finalDataType ); + } + return responses[ finalDataType ]; + } +} + +/* Chain conversions given the request and the original response + * Also sets the responseXXX fields on the jqXHR instance + */ +function ajaxConvert( s, response, jqXHR, isSuccess ) { + var conv2, current, conv, tmp, prev, + converters = {}, + + // Work with a copy of dataTypes in case we need to modify it for conversion + dataTypes = s.dataTypes.slice(); + + // Create converters map with lowercased keys + if ( dataTypes[ 1 ] ) { + for ( conv in s.converters ) { + converters[ conv.toLowerCase() ] = s.converters[ conv ]; + } + } + + current = dataTypes.shift(); + + // Convert to each sequential dataType + while ( current ) { + + if ( s.responseFields[ current ] ) { + jqXHR[ s.responseFields[ current ] ] = response; + } + + // Apply the dataFilter if provided + if ( !prev && isSuccess && s.dataFilter ) { + response = s.dataFilter( response, s.dataType ); + } + + prev = current; + current = dataTypes.shift(); + + if ( current ) { + + // There's only work to do if current dataType is non-auto + if ( current === "*" ) { + + current = prev; + + // Convert response if prev dataType is non-auto and differs from current + } else if ( prev !== "*" && prev !== current ) { + + // Seek a direct converter + conv = converters[ prev + " " + current ] || converters[ "* " + current ]; + + // If none found, seek a pair + if ( !conv ) { + for ( conv2 in converters ) { + + // If conv2 outputs current + tmp = conv2.split( " " ); + if ( tmp[ 1 ] === current ) { + + // If prev can be converted to accepted input + conv = converters[ prev + " " + tmp[ 0 ] ] || + converters[ "* " + tmp[ 0 ] ]; + if ( conv ) { + + // Condense equivalence converters + if ( conv === true ) { + conv = converters[ conv2 ]; + + // Otherwise, insert the intermediate dataType + } else if ( converters[ conv2 ] !== true ) { + current = tmp[ 0 ]; + dataTypes.unshift( tmp[ 1 ] ); + } + break; + } + } + } + } + + // Apply converter (if not an equivalence) + if ( conv !== true ) { + + // Unless errors are allowed to bubble, catch and return them + if ( conv && s.throws ) { + response = conv( response ); + } else { + try { + response = conv( response ); + } catch ( e ) { + return { + state: "parsererror", + error: conv ? e : "No conversion from " + prev + " to " + current + }; + } + } + } + } + } + } + + return { state: "success", data: response }; +} + +jQuery.extend( { + + // Counter for holding the number of active queries + active: 0, + + // Last-Modified header cache for next request + lastModified: {}, + etag: {}, + + ajaxSettings: { + url: location.href, + type: "GET", + isLocal: rlocalProtocol.test( location.protocol ), + global: true, + processData: true, + async: true, + contentType: "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8", + + /* + timeout: 0, + data: null, + dataType: null, + username: null, + password: null, + cache: null, + throws: false, + traditional: false, + headers: {}, + */ + + accepts: { + "*": allTypes, + text: "text/plain", + html: "text/html", + xml: "application/xml, text/xml", + json: "application/json, text/javascript" + }, + + contents: { + xml: /\bxml\b/, + html: /\bhtml/, + json: /\bjson\b/ + }, + + responseFields: { + xml: "responseXML", + text: "responseText", + json: "responseJSON" + }, + + // Data converters + // Keys separate source (or catchall "*") and destination types with a single space + converters: { + + // Convert anything to text + "* text": String, + + // Text to html (true = no transformation) + "text html": true, + + // Evaluate text as a json expression + "text json": JSON.parse, + + // Parse text as xml + "text xml": jQuery.parseXML + }, + + // For options that shouldn't be deep extended: + // you can add your own custom options here if + // and when you create one that shouldn't be + // deep extended (see ajaxExtend) + flatOptions: { + url: true, + context: true + } + }, + + // Creates a full fledged settings object into target + // with both ajaxSettings and settings fields. + // If target is omitted, writes into ajaxSettings. + ajaxSetup: function( target, settings ) { + return settings ? + + // Building a settings object + ajaxExtend( ajaxExtend( target, jQuery.ajaxSettings ), settings ) : + + // Extending ajaxSettings + ajaxExtend( jQuery.ajaxSettings, target ); + }, + + ajaxPrefilter: addToPrefiltersOrTransports( prefilters ), + ajaxTransport: addToPrefiltersOrTransports( transports ), + + // Main method + ajax: function( url, options ) { + + // If url is an object, simulate pre-1.5 signature + if ( typeof url === "object" ) { + options = url; + url = undefined; + } + + // Force options to be an object + options = options || {}; + + var transport, + + // URL without anti-cache param + cacheURL, + + // Response headers + responseHeadersString, + responseHeaders, + + // timeout handle + timeoutTimer, + + // Url cleanup var + urlAnchor, + + // Request state (becomes false upon send and true upon completion) + completed, + + // To know if global events are to be dispatched + fireGlobals, + + // Loop variable + i, + + // uncached part of the url + uncached, + + // Create the final options object + s = jQuery.ajaxSetup( {}, options ), + + // Callbacks context + callbackContext = s.context || s, + + // Context for global events is callbackContext if it is a DOM node or jQuery collection + globalEventContext = s.context && + ( callbackContext.nodeType || callbackContext.jquery ) ? + jQuery( callbackContext ) : + jQuery.event, + + // Deferreds + deferred = jQuery.Deferred(), + completeDeferred = jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ), + + // Status-dependent callbacks + statusCode = s.statusCode || {}, + + // Headers (they are sent all at once) + requestHeaders = {}, + requestHeadersNames = {}, + + // Default abort message + strAbort = "canceled", + + // Fake xhr + jqXHR = { + readyState: 0, + + // Builds headers hashtable if needed + getResponseHeader: function( key ) { + var match; + if ( completed ) { + if ( !responseHeaders ) { + responseHeaders = {}; + while ( ( match = rheaders.exec( responseHeadersString ) ) ) { + responseHeaders[ match[ 1 ].toLowerCase() + " " ] = + ( responseHeaders[ match[ 1 ].toLowerCase() + " " ] || [] ) + .concat( match[ 2 ] ); + } + } + match = responseHeaders[ key.toLowerCase() + " " ]; + } + return match == null ? null : match.join( ", " ); + }, + + // Raw string + getAllResponseHeaders: function() { + return completed ? responseHeadersString : null; + }, + + // Caches the header + setRequestHeader: function( name, value ) { + if ( completed == null ) { + name = requestHeadersNames[ name.toLowerCase() ] = + requestHeadersNames[ name.toLowerCase() ] || name; + requestHeaders[ name ] = value; + } + return this; + }, + + // Overrides response content-type header + overrideMimeType: function( type ) { + if ( completed == null ) { + s.mimeType = type; + } + return this; + }, + + // Status-dependent callbacks + statusCode: function( map ) { + var code; + if ( map ) { + if ( completed ) { + + // Execute the appropriate callbacks + jqXHR.always( map[ jqXHR.status ] ); + } else { + + // Lazy-add the new callbacks in a way that preserves old ones + for ( code in map ) { + statusCode[ code ] = [ statusCode[ code ], map[ code ] ]; + } + } + } + return this; + }, + + // Cancel the request + abort: function( statusText ) { + var finalText = statusText || strAbort; + if ( transport ) { + transport.abort( finalText ); + } + done( 0, finalText ); + return this; + } + }; + + // Attach deferreds + deferred.promise( jqXHR ); + + // Add protocol if not provided (prefilters might expect it) + // Handle falsy url in the settings object (#10093: consistency with old signature) + // We also use the url parameter if available + s.url = ( ( url || s.url || location.href ) + "" ) + .replace( rprotocol, location.protocol + "//" ); + + // Alias method option to type as per ticket #12004 + s.type = options.method || options.type || s.method || s.type; + + // Extract dataTypes list + s.dataTypes = ( s.dataType || "*" ).toLowerCase().match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [ "" ]; + + // A cross-domain request is in order when the origin doesn't match the current origin. + if ( s.crossDomain == null ) { + urlAnchor = document.createElement( "a" ); + + // Support: IE <=8 - 11, Edge 12 - 15 + // IE throws exception on accessing the href property if url is malformed, + // e.g. http://example.com:80x/ + try { + urlAnchor.href = s.url; + + // Support: IE <=8 - 11 only + // Anchor's host property isn't correctly set when s.url is relative + urlAnchor.href = urlAnchor.href; + s.crossDomain = originAnchor.protocol + "//" + originAnchor.host !== + urlAnchor.protocol + "//" + urlAnchor.host; + } catch ( e ) { + + // If there is an error parsing the URL, assume it is crossDomain, + // it can be rejected by the transport if it is invalid + s.crossDomain = true; + } + } + + // Convert data if not already a string + if ( s.data && s.processData && typeof s.data !== "string" ) { + s.data = jQuery.param( s.data, s.traditional ); + } + + // Apply prefilters + inspectPrefiltersOrTransports( prefilters, s, options, jqXHR ); + + // If request was aborted inside a prefilter, stop there + if ( completed ) { + return jqXHR; + } + + // We can fire global events as of now if asked to + // Don't fire events if jQuery.event is undefined in an AMD-usage scenario (#15118) + fireGlobals = jQuery.event && s.global; + + // Watch for a new set of requests + if ( fireGlobals && jQuery.active++ === 0 ) { + jQuery.event.trigger( "ajaxStart" ); + } + + // Uppercase the type + s.type = s.type.toUpperCase(); + + // Determine if request has content + s.hasContent = !rnoContent.test( s.type ); + + // Save the URL in case we're toying with the If-Modified-Since + // and/or If-None-Match header later on + // Remove hash to simplify url manipulation + cacheURL = s.url.replace( rhash, "" ); + + // More options handling for requests with no content + if ( !s.hasContent ) { + + // Remember the hash so we can put it back + uncached = s.url.slice( cacheURL.length ); + + // If data is available and should be processed, append data to url + if ( s.data && ( s.processData || typeof s.data === "string" ) ) { + cacheURL += ( rquery.test( cacheURL ) ? "&" : "?" ) + s.data; + + // #9682: remove data so that it's not used in an eventual retry + delete s.data; + } + + // Add or update anti-cache param if needed + if ( s.cache === false ) { + cacheURL = cacheURL.replace( rantiCache, "$1" ); + uncached = ( rquery.test( cacheURL ) ? "&" : "?" ) + "_=" + ( nonce.guid++ ) + + uncached; + } + + // Put hash and anti-cache on the URL that will be requested (gh-1732) + s.url = cacheURL + uncached; + + // Change '%20' to '+' if this is encoded form body content (gh-2658) + } else if ( s.data && s.processData && + ( s.contentType || "" ).indexOf( "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" ) === 0 ) { + s.data = s.data.replace( r20, "+" ); + } + + // Set the If-Modified-Since and/or If-None-Match header, if in ifModified mode. + if ( s.ifModified ) { + if ( jQuery.lastModified[ cacheURL ] ) { + jqXHR.setRequestHeader( "If-Modified-Since", jQuery.lastModified[ cacheURL ] ); + } + if ( jQuery.etag[ cacheURL ] ) { + jqXHR.setRequestHeader( "If-None-Match", jQuery.etag[ cacheURL ] ); + } + } + + // Set the correct header, if data is being sent + if ( s.data && s.hasContent && s.contentType !== false || options.contentType ) { + jqXHR.setRequestHeader( "Content-Type", s.contentType ); + } + + // Set the Accepts header for the server, depending on the dataType + jqXHR.setRequestHeader( + "Accept", + s.dataTypes[ 0 ] && s.accepts[ s.dataTypes[ 0 ] ] ? + s.accepts[ s.dataTypes[ 0 ] ] + + ( s.dataTypes[ 0 ] !== "*" ? ", " + allTypes + "; q=0.01" : "" ) : + s.accepts[ "*" ] + ); + + // Check for headers option + for ( i in s.headers ) { + jqXHR.setRequestHeader( i, s.headers[ i ] ); + } + + // Allow custom headers/mimetypes and early abort + if ( s.beforeSend && + ( s.beforeSend.call( callbackContext, jqXHR, s ) === false || completed ) ) { + + // Abort if not done already and return + return jqXHR.abort(); + } + + // Aborting is no longer a cancellation + strAbort = "abort"; + + // Install callbacks on deferreds + completeDeferred.add( s.complete ); + jqXHR.done( s.success ); + jqXHR.fail( s.error ); + + // Get transport + transport = inspectPrefiltersOrTransports( transports, s, options, jqXHR ); + + // If no transport, we auto-abort + if ( !transport ) { + done( -1, "No Transport" ); + } else { + jqXHR.readyState = 1; + + // Send global event + if ( fireGlobals ) { + globalEventContext.trigger( "ajaxSend", [ jqXHR, s ] ); + } + + // If request was aborted inside ajaxSend, stop there + if ( completed ) { + return jqXHR; + } + + // Timeout + if ( s.async && s.timeout > 0 ) { + timeoutTimer = window.setTimeout( function() { + jqXHR.abort( "timeout" ); + }, s.timeout ); + } + + try { + completed = false; + transport.send( requestHeaders, done ); + } catch ( e ) { + + // Rethrow post-completion exceptions + if ( completed ) { + throw e; + } + + // Propagate others as results + done( -1, e ); + } + } + + // Callback for when everything is done + function done( status, nativeStatusText, responses, headers ) { + var isSuccess, success, error, response, modified, + statusText = nativeStatusText; + + // Ignore repeat invocations + if ( completed ) { + return; + } + + completed = true; + + // Clear timeout if it exists + if ( timeoutTimer ) { + window.clearTimeout( timeoutTimer ); + } + + // Dereference transport for early garbage collection + // (no matter how long the jqXHR object will be used) + transport = undefined; + + // Cache response headers + responseHeadersString = headers || ""; + + // Set readyState + jqXHR.readyState = status > 0 ? 4 : 0; + + // Determine if successful + isSuccess = status >= 200 && status < 300 || status === 304; + + // Get response data + if ( responses ) { + response = ajaxHandleResponses( s, jqXHR, responses ); + } + + // Use a noop converter for missing script + if ( !isSuccess && jQuery.inArray( "script", s.dataTypes ) > -1 ) { + s.converters[ "text script" ] = function() {}; + } + + // Convert no matter what (that way responseXXX fields are always set) + response = ajaxConvert( s, response, jqXHR, isSuccess ); + + // If successful, handle type chaining + if ( isSuccess ) { + + // Set the If-Modified-Since and/or If-None-Match header, if in ifModified mode. + if ( s.ifModified ) { + modified = jqXHR.getResponseHeader( "Last-Modified" ); + if ( modified ) { + jQuery.lastModified[ cacheURL ] = modified; + } + modified = jqXHR.getResponseHeader( "etag" ); + if ( modified ) { + jQuery.etag[ cacheURL ] = modified; + } + } + + // if no content + if ( status === 204 || s.type === "HEAD" ) { + statusText = "nocontent"; + + // if not modified + } else if ( status === 304 ) { + statusText = "notmodified"; + + // If we have data, let's convert it + } else { + statusText = response.state; + success = response.data; + error = response.error; + isSuccess = !error; + } + } else { + + // Extract error from statusText and normalize for non-aborts + error = statusText; + if ( status || !statusText ) { + statusText = "error"; + if ( status < 0 ) { + status = 0; + } + } + } + + // Set data for the fake xhr object + jqXHR.status = status; + jqXHR.statusText = ( nativeStatusText || statusText ) + ""; + + // Success/Error + if ( isSuccess ) { + deferred.resolveWith( callbackContext, [ success, statusText, jqXHR ] ); + } else { + deferred.rejectWith( callbackContext, [ jqXHR, statusText, error ] ); + } + + // Status-dependent callbacks + jqXHR.statusCode( statusCode ); + statusCode = undefined; + + if ( fireGlobals ) { + globalEventContext.trigger( isSuccess ? "ajaxSuccess" : "ajaxError", + [ jqXHR, s, isSuccess ? success : error ] ); + } + + // Complete + completeDeferred.fireWith( callbackContext, [ jqXHR, statusText ] ); + + if ( fireGlobals ) { + globalEventContext.trigger( "ajaxComplete", [ jqXHR, s ] ); + + // Handle the global AJAX counter + if ( !( --jQuery.active ) ) { + jQuery.event.trigger( "ajaxStop" ); + } + } + } + + return jqXHR; + }, + + getJSON: function( url, data, callback ) { + return jQuery.get( url, data, callback, "json" ); + }, + + getScript: function( url, callback ) { + return jQuery.get( url, undefined, callback, "script" ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.each( [ "get", "post" ], function( _i, method ) { + jQuery[ method ] = function( url, data, callback, type ) { + + // Shift arguments if data argument was omitted + if ( isFunction( data ) ) { + type = type || callback; + callback = data; + data = undefined; + } + + // The url can be an options object (which then must have .url) + return jQuery.ajax( jQuery.extend( { + url: url, + type: method, + dataType: type, + data: data, + success: callback + }, jQuery.isPlainObject( url ) && url ) ); + }; +} ); + +jQuery.ajaxPrefilter( function( s ) { + var i; + for ( i in s.headers ) { + if ( i.toLowerCase() === "content-type" ) { + s.contentType = s.headers[ i ] || ""; + } + } +} ); + + +jQuery._evalUrl = function( url, options, doc ) { + return jQuery.ajax( { + url: url, + + // Make this explicit, since user can override this through ajaxSetup (#11264) + type: "GET", + dataType: "script", + cache: true, + async: false, + global: false, + + // Only evaluate the response if it is successful (gh-4126) + // dataFilter is not invoked for failure responses, so using it instead + // of the default converter is kludgy but it works. + converters: { + "text script": function() {} + }, + dataFilter: function( response ) { + jQuery.globalEval( response, options, doc ); + } + } ); +}; + + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + wrapAll: function( html ) { + var wrap; + + if ( this[ 0 ] ) { + if ( isFunction( html ) ) { + html = html.call( this[ 0 ] ); + } + + // The elements to wrap the target around + wrap = jQuery( html, this[ 0 ].ownerDocument ).eq( 0 ).clone( true ); + + if ( this[ 0 ].parentNode ) { + wrap.insertBefore( this[ 0 ] ); + } + + wrap.map( function() { + var elem = this; + + while ( elem.firstElementChild ) { + elem = elem.firstElementChild; + } + + return elem; + } ).append( this ); + } + + return this; + }, + + wrapInner: function( html ) { + if ( isFunction( html ) ) { + return this.each( function( i ) { + jQuery( this ).wrapInner( html.call( this, i ) ); + } ); + } + + return this.each( function() { + var self = jQuery( this ), + contents = self.contents(); + + if ( contents.length ) { + contents.wrapAll( html ); + + } else { + self.append( html ); + } + } ); + }, + + wrap: function( html ) { + var htmlIsFunction = isFunction( html ); + + return this.each( function( i ) { + jQuery( this ).wrapAll( htmlIsFunction ? html.call( this, i ) : html ); + } ); + }, + + unwrap: function( selector ) { + this.parent( selector ).not( "body" ).each( function() { + jQuery( this ).replaceWith( this.childNodes ); + } ); + return this; + } +} ); + + +jQuery.expr.pseudos.hidden = function( elem ) { + return !jQuery.expr.pseudos.visible( elem ); +}; +jQuery.expr.pseudos.visible = function( elem ) { + return !!( elem.offsetWidth || elem.offsetHeight || elem.getClientRects().length ); +}; + + + + +jQuery.ajaxSettings.xhr = function() { + try { + return new window.XMLHttpRequest(); + } catch ( e ) {} +}; + +var xhrSuccessStatus = { + + // File protocol always yields status code 0, assume 200 + 0: 200, + + // Support: IE <=9 only + // #1450: sometimes IE returns 1223 when it should be 204 + 1223: 204 + }, + xhrSupported = jQuery.ajaxSettings.xhr(); + +support.cors = !!xhrSupported && ( "withCredentials" in xhrSupported ); +support.ajax = xhrSupported = !!xhrSupported; + +jQuery.ajaxTransport( function( options ) { + var callback, errorCallback; + + // Cross domain only allowed if supported through XMLHttpRequest + if ( support.cors || xhrSupported && !options.crossDomain ) { + return { + send: function( headers, complete ) { + var i, + xhr = options.xhr(); + + xhr.open( + options.type, + options.url, + options.async, + options.username, + options.password + ); + + // Apply custom fields if provided + if ( options.xhrFields ) { + for ( i in options.xhrFields ) { + xhr[ i ] = options.xhrFields[ i ]; + } + } + + // Override mime type if needed + if ( options.mimeType && xhr.overrideMimeType ) { + xhr.overrideMimeType( options.mimeType ); + } + + // X-Requested-With header + // For cross-domain requests, seeing as conditions for a preflight are + // akin to a jigsaw puzzle, we simply never set it to be sure. + // (it can always be set on a per-request basis or even using ajaxSetup) + // For same-domain requests, won't change header if already provided. + if ( !options.crossDomain && !headers[ "X-Requested-With" ] ) { + headers[ "X-Requested-With" ] = "XMLHttpRequest"; + } + + // Set headers + for ( i in headers ) { + xhr.setRequestHeader( i, headers[ i ] ); + } + + // Callback + callback = function( type ) { + return function() { + if ( callback ) { + callback = errorCallback = xhr.onload = + xhr.onerror = xhr.onabort = xhr.ontimeout = + xhr.onreadystatechange = null; + + if ( type === "abort" ) { + xhr.abort(); + } else if ( type === "error" ) { + + // Support: IE <=9 only + // On a manual native abort, IE9 throws + // errors on any property access that is not readyState + if ( typeof xhr.status !== "number" ) { + complete( 0, "error" ); + } else { + complete( + + // File: protocol always yields status 0; see #8605, #14207 + xhr.status, + xhr.statusText + ); + } + } else { + complete( + xhrSuccessStatus[ xhr.status ] || xhr.status, + xhr.statusText, + + // Support: IE <=9 only + // IE9 has no XHR2 but throws on binary (trac-11426) + // For XHR2 non-text, let the caller handle it (gh-2498) + ( xhr.responseType || "text" ) !== "text" || + typeof xhr.responseText !== "string" ? + { binary: xhr.response } : + { text: xhr.responseText }, + xhr.getAllResponseHeaders() + ); + } + } + }; + }; + + // Listen to events + xhr.onload = callback(); + errorCallback = xhr.onerror = xhr.ontimeout = callback( "error" ); + + // Support: IE 9 only + // Use onreadystatechange to replace onabort + // to handle uncaught aborts + if ( xhr.onabort !== undefined ) { + xhr.onabort = errorCallback; + } else { + xhr.onreadystatechange = function() { + + // Check readyState before timeout as it changes + if ( xhr.readyState === 4 ) { + + // Allow onerror to be called first, + // but that will not handle a native abort + // Also, save errorCallback to a variable + // as xhr.onerror cannot be accessed + window.setTimeout( function() { + if ( callback ) { + errorCallback(); + } + } ); + } + }; + } + + // Create the abort callback + callback = callback( "abort" ); + + try { + + // Do send the request (this may raise an exception) + xhr.send( options.hasContent && options.data || null ); + } catch ( e ) { + + // #14683: Only rethrow if this hasn't been notified as an error yet + if ( callback ) { + throw e; + } + } + }, + + abort: function() { + if ( callback ) { + callback(); + } + } + }; + } +} ); + + + + +// Prevent auto-execution of scripts when no explicit dataType was provided (See gh-2432) +jQuery.ajaxPrefilter( function( s ) { + if ( s.crossDomain ) { + s.contents.script = false; + } +} ); + +// Install script dataType +jQuery.ajaxSetup( { + accepts: { + script: "text/javascript, application/javascript, " + + "application/ecmascript, application/x-ecmascript" + }, + contents: { + script: /\b(?:java|ecma)script\b/ + }, + converters: { + "text script": function( text ) { + jQuery.globalEval( text ); + return text; + } + } +} ); + +// Handle cache's special case and crossDomain +jQuery.ajaxPrefilter( "script", function( s ) { + if ( s.cache === undefined ) { + s.cache = false; + } + if ( s.crossDomain ) { + s.type = "GET"; + } +} ); + +// Bind script tag hack transport +jQuery.ajaxTransport( "script", function( s ) { + + // This transport only deals with cross domain or forced-by-attrs requests + if ( s.crossDomain || s.scriptAttrs ) { + var script, callback; + return { + send: function( _, complete ) { + script = jQuery( " +{% endmacro %} diff --git a/docs/book/_build/html/_static/scripts/pydata-sphinx-theme.js b/docs/book/_build/html/_static/scripts/pydata-sphinx-theme.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0e00c4c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/book/_build/html/_static/scripts/pydata-sphinx-theme.js @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +!function(t){var e={};function n(i){if(e[i])return e[i].exports;var o=e[i]={i:i,l:!1,exports:{}};return t[i].call(o.exports,o,o.exports,n),o.l=!0,o.exports}n.m=t,n.c=e,n.d=function(t,e,i){n.o(t,e)||Object.defineProperty(t,e,{enumerable:!0,get:i})},n.r=function(t){"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(t,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(t,"__esModule",{value:!0})},n.t=function(t,e){if(1&e&&(t=n(t)),8&e)return t;if(4&e&&"object"==typeof t&&t&&t.__esModule)return t;var i=Object.create(null);if(n.r(i),Object.defineProperty(i,"default",{enumerable:!0,value:t}),2&e&&"string"!=typeof t)for(var o in t)n.d(i,o,function(e){return t[e]}.bind(null,o));return i},n.n=function(t){var e=t&&t.__esModule?function(){return t.default}:function(){return t};return n.d(e,"a",e),e},n.o=function(t,e){return Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(t,e)},n.p="",n(n.s=2)}([function(t,e){t.exports=jQuery},function(t,e,n){"use strict";n.r(e),function(t){ +/**! + * @fileOverview Kickass library to create and place poppers near their reference elements. + * @version 1.16.1 + * @license + * Copyright (c) 2016 Federico Zivolo and contributors + * + * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy + * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal + * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights + * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell + * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is + * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: + * + * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all + * copies or substantial portions of the Software. + * + * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR + * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, + * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. 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+ }, + */ + + // query matches the full name of an object + objNameMatch: 11, + // or matches in the last dotted part of the object name + objPartialMatch: 6, + // Additive scores depending on the priority of the object + objPrio: {0: 15, // used to be importantResults + 1: 5, // used to be objectResults + 2: -5}, // used to be unimportantResults + // Used when the priority is not in the mapping. + objPrioDefault: 0, + + // query found in title + title: 15, + partialTitle: 7, + // query found in terms + term: 5, + partialTerm: 2 + }; +} + +if (!splitQuery) { + function splitQuery(query) { + return query.split(/\s+/); + } +} + +/** + * Search Module + */ +var Search = { + + _index : null, + _queued_query : null, + _pulse_status : -1, + + htmlToText : function(htmlString) { + var virtualDocument = document.implementation.createHTMLDocument('virtual'); + var htmlElement = $(htmlString, virtualDocument); + htmlElement.find('.headerlink').remove(); + docContent = htmlElement.find('[role=main]')[0]; + if(docContent === undefined) { + console.warn("Content block not found. Sphinx search tries to obtain it " + + "via '[role=main]'. Could you check your theme or template."); + return ""; + } + return docContent.textContent || docContent.innerText; + }, + + init : function() { + var params = $.getQueryParameters(); + if (params.q) { + var query = params.q[0]; + $('input[name="q"]')[0].value = query; + this.performSearch(query); + } + }, + + loadIndex : function(url) { + $.ajax({type: "GET", url: url, data: null, + dataType: "script", cache: true, + complete: function(jqxhr, textstatus) { + if (textstatus != "success") { + document.getElementById("searchindexloader").src = url; + } + }}); + }, + + setIndex : function(index) { + var q; + this._index = index; + if ((q = this._queued_query) !== null) { + this._queued_query = null; + Search.query(q); + } + }, + + hasIndex : function() { + return this._index !== null; + }, + + deferQuery : function(query) { + this._queued_query = query; + }, + + stopPulse : function() { + this._pulse_status = 0; + }, + + startPulse : function() { + if (this._pulse_status >= 0) + return; + function pulse() { + var i; + Search._pulse_status = (Search._pulse_status + 1) % 4; + var dotString = ''; + for (i = 0; i < Search._pulse_status; i++) + dotString += '.'; + Search.dots.text(dotString); + if (Search._pulse_status > -1) + window.setTimeout(pulse, 500); + } + pulse(); + }, + + /** + * perform a search for something (or wait until index is loaded) + */ + performSearch : function(query) { + // create the required interface elements + this.out = $('#search-results'); + this.title = $('

' + _('Searching') + '

').appendTo(this.out); + this.dots = $('').appendTo(this.title); + this.status = $('

 

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