diff --git a/.changeset/violet-bugs-enjoy.md b/.changeset/violet-bugs-enjoy.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..bdc476308ec4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/violet-bugs-enjoy.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+'astro': patch
+---
+
+Fixes a bug that caused content collections to be returned empty when run in a test environment
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/content/vite-plugin-content-virtual-mod.ts b/packages/astro/src/content/vite-plugin-content-virtual-mod.ts
index 01dfc3fc8138..30c703b5c22f 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/content/vite-plugin-content-virtual-mod.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/content/vite-plugin-content-virtual-mod.ts
@@ -50,14 +50,12 @@ export function astroContentVirtualModPlugin({
 	settings,
 	fs,
 }: AstroContentVirtualModPluginParams): Plugin {
-	let IS_DEV = false;
 	let dataStoreFile: URL;
 	return {
 		name: 'astro-content-virtual-mod-plugin',
 		enforce: 'pre',
-		configResolved(config) {
-			IS_DEV = !config.isProduction;
-			dataStoreFile = getDataStoreFile(settings, IS_DEV);
+		config(_, env) {
+			dataStoreFile = getDataStoreFile(settings, env.command === 'serve');
 		},
 		async resolveId(id) {
 			if (id === VIRTUAL_MODULE_ID) {
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/core/dev/dev.ts b/packages/astro/src/core/dev/dev.ts
index 72a173dbe462..0af637164735 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/core/dev/dev.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/core/dev/dev.ts
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ export default async function dev(inlineConfig: AstroInlineConfig): Promise<DevS
 
 	let store: MutableDataStore | undefined;
 	try {
-		const dataStoreFile = getDataStoreFile(restart.container.settings);
+		const dataStoreFile = getDataStoreFile(restart.container.settings, true);
 		if (existsSync(dataStoreFile)) {
 			store = await MutableDataStore.fromFile(dataStoreFile);
 		}