diff --git a/src/Orleans.Core/Messaging/CorrelationId.cs b/src/Orleans.Core/Messaging/CorrelationId.cs
index 82b1f3adf3..8ed019f3dd 100644
--- a/src/Orleans.Core/Messaging/CorrelationId.cs
+++ b/src/Orleans.Core/Messaging/CorrelationId.cs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using System;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
 
 #nullable enable
 namespace Orleans.Runtime
@@ -28,13 +29,21 @@ namespace Orleans.Runtime
 
         public int CompareTo(CorrelationId other) => id.CompareTo(other.id);
 
-        public override string ToString() => id.ToString();
+        public override string ToString() => id.ToString("X16");
 
-        string IFormattable.ToString(string? format, IFormatProvider? formatProvider) => id.ToString(format, formatProvider);
+        string IFormattable.ToString(string? format, IFormatProvider? formatProvider) => id.ToString(format ?? "X16", formatProvider);
 
         bool ISpanFormattable.TryFormat(Span<char> destination, out int charsWritten, ReadOnlySpan<char> format, IFormatProvider? provider)
-            => id.TryFormat(destination, out charsWritten, format, provider);
+        {
+            if (format.IsEmpty)
+            {
+                format = "X16";
+            }
 
+            return id.TryFormat(destination, out charsWritten, format, provider);
+        }
+
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
         internal long ToInt64() => id;
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Orleans.Core/Messaging/MessageFactory.cs b/src/Orleans.Core/Messaging/MessageFactory.cs
index 249f0d4e3e..8bcd17f4c1 100644
--- a/src/Orleans.Core/Messaging/MessageFactory.cs
+++ b/src/Orleans.Core/Messaging/MessageFactory.cs
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO.Hashing;
+using System.Numerics;
 using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
 using Orleans.CodeGeneration;
 using Orleans.Serialization;
@@ -9,15 +11,25 @@ namespace Orleans.Runtime
 {
     internal class MessageFactory
     {
-        private readonly DeepCopier deepCopier;
-        private readonly ILogger logger;
-        private readonly MessagingTrace messagingTrace;
+        [ThreadStatic]
+        private static ulong _nextId;
+
+        // The nonce reduces the chance of an id collision for a given grain to effectively zero. Id collisions are only relevant in scenarios
+        // where where the infinitesimally small chance of a collision is acceptable, such as call cancellation.
+        private readonly ulong _seed;
+        private readonly DeepCopier _deepCopier;
+        private readonly ILogger _logger;
+        private readonly MessagingTrace _messagingTrace;
 
         public MessageFactory(DeepCopier deepCopier, ILogger<MessageFactory> logger, MessagingTrace messagingTrace)
         {
-            this.deepCopier = deepCopier;
-            this.logger = logger;
-            this.messagingTrace = messagingTrace;
+            _deepCopier = deepCopier;
+            _logger = logger;
+            _messagingTrace = messagingTrace;
+
+            // Generate a 64-bit nonce for the host, to be combined with per-message correlation ids to get a unique, per-host value.
+            // This avoids id collisions across different hosts for a given grain.
+            _seed = unchecked((ulong)Random.Shared.NextInt64());
         }
 
         public Message CreateMessage(object body, InvokeMethodOptions options)
@@ -25,18 +37,29 @@ public Message CreateMessage(object body, InvokeMethodOptions options)
             var message = new Message
             {
                 Direction = (options & InvokeMethodOptions.OneWay) != 0 ? Message.Directions.OneWay : Message.Directions.Request,
-                Id = CorrelationId.GetNext(),
+                Id = GetNextCorrelationId(),
                 IsReadOnly = (options & InvokeMethodOptions.ReadOnly) != 0,
                 IsUnordered = (options & InvokeMethodOptions.Unordered) != 0,
                 IsAlwaysInterleave = (options & InvokeMethodOptions.AlwaysInterleave) != 0,
                 BodyObject = body,
-                RequestContextData = RequestContextExtensions.Export(this.deepCopier),
+                RequestContextData = RequestContextExtensions.Export(_deepCopier),
             };
 
-            messagingTrace.OnCreateMessage(message);
+            _messagingTrace.OnCreateMessage(message);
             return message;
         }
 
+        private CorrelationId GetNextCorrelationId()
+        {
+            // To avoid cross-thread coordination, combine a thread-local counter with the managed thread id. The values are XOR'd together with a
+            // 64-bit nonce. Rotating the thread id reduces the chance of collision further by putting the significant bits at the high end, where
+            // they are less likely to collide with the per-thread counter, which could become relevant if the counter exceeded 2^32.
+            var managedThreadId = Environment.CurrentManagedThreadId;
+            var tid = (ulong)(managedThreadId << 16 | managedThreadId >> 16) << 32;
+            var id = _seed ^ tid ^ ++_nextId;
+            return new CorrelationId(unchecked((long)id));
+        }
+
         public Message CreateResponseMessage(Message request)
         {
             var response = new Message
@@ -52,16 +75,16 @@ public Message CreateResponseMessage(Message request)
                 SendingGrain = request.TargetGrain,
                 CacheInvalidationHeader = request.CacheInvalidationHeader,
                 TimeToLive = request.TimeToLive,
-                RequestContextData = RequestContextExtensions.Export(this.deepCopier),
+                RequestContextData = RequestContextExtensions.Export(_deepCopier),
             };
 
-            messagingTrace.OnCreateMessage(response);
+            _messagingTrace.OnCreateMessage(response);
             return response;
         }
 
         public Message CreateRejectionResponse(Message request, Message.RejectionTypes type, string info, Exception ex = null)
         {
-            var response = this.CreateResponseMessage(request);
+            var response = CreateResponseMessage(request);
             response.Result = Message.ResponseTypes.Rejection;
             response.BodyObject = new RejectionResponse
             {
@@ -69,8 +92,8 @@ public Message CreateRejectionResponse(Message request, Message.RejectionTypes t
                 RejectionInfo = info,
                 Exception = ex,
             };
-            if (this.logger.IsEnabled(LogLevel.Debug))
-                this.logger.LogDebug(
+            if (_logger.IsEnabled(LogLevel.Debug))
+                _logger.LogDebug(
                     ex,
                     "Creating {RejectionType} rejection with info '{Info}' at:" + Environment.NewLine + "{StackTrace}",
                     type,
@@ -81,11 +104,11 @@ public Message CreateRejectionResponse(Message request, Message.RejectionTypes t
 
         internal Message CreateDiagnosticResponseMessage(Message request, bool isExecuting, bool isWaiting, List<string> diagnostics)
         {
-            var response = this.CreateResponseMessage(request);
+            var response = CreateResponseMessage(request);
             response.Result = Message.ResponseTypes.Status;
             response.BodyObject = new StatusResponse(isExecuting, isWaiting, diagnostics);
 
-            if (this.logger.IsEnabled(LogLevel.Debug)) this.logger.LogDebug("Creating {RequestMessage} status update with diagnostics {Diagnostics}", request, diagnostics);
+            if (_logger.IsEnabled(LogLevel.Debug)) _logger.LogDebug("Creating {RequestMessage} status update with diagnostics {Diagnostics}", request, diagnostics);
 
             return response;
         }