diff --git a/src/frontend/src/flows/manage/index.ts b/src/frontend/src/flows/manage/index.ts
index c7439488a3..ac8a7c1e6f 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/flows/manage/index.ts
+++ b/src/frontend/src/flows/manage/index.ts
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ export const authFlowManage = async (connection: Connection) => {
     await recoveryWizard(userNumber, authenticatedConnection);
   }
   // From here on, the user is authenticated to II.
-  void renderManage({
+  return renderManage({
     userNumber,
     connection: authenticatedConnection,
     identityBackground,
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/index.ts b/src/frontend/src/index.ts
index 1d381a086f..d5bc04a349 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/index.ts
+++ b/src/frontend/src/index.ts
@@ -1,114 +1,16 @@
-import loaderUrl from "$src/components/loader.webp";
+import {
+  handleLogin,
+  handleLoginFlowResult,
+} from "$src/components/authenticateBox";
 import { addDeviceSuccess } from "$src/flows/addDevice/manage/addDeviceSuccess";
-import { showWarningIfNecessary } from "./banner";
-import { displayError } from "./components/displayError";
-import { anyFeatures, features } from "./features";
+import { nonNullish } from "@dfinity/utils";
 import { registerTentativeDevice } from "./flows/addDevice/welcomeView/registerTentativeDevice";
 import { authFlowAuthorize } from "./flows/authorize";
-import { compatibilityNotice } from "./flows/compatibilityNotice";
 import { authFlowManage, renderManageWarmup } from "./flows/manage";
-import "./styles/main.css";
+import { createSpa } from "./spa";
 import { getAddDeviceAnchor } from "./utils/addDeviceLink";
-import { checkRequiredFeatures } from "./utils/featureDetection";
-import { Connection } from "./utils/iiConnection";
-import { version } from "./version";
-
-import { isNullish, nonNullish } from "@dfinity/utils";
-
-// Polyfill Buffer globally for the browser
-import {
-  handleLogin,
-  handleLoginFlowResult,
-} from "$src/components/authenticateBox";
-import { Buffer } from "buffer";
-globalThis.Buffer = Buffer;
-
-/** Reads the canister ID from the <script> tag.
- *
- * The canister injects the canister ID as a `data-canister-id` attribute on the script tag, which we then read to figure out where to make the IC calls.
- */
-const readCanisterId = (): string => {
-  // The backend uses a known element ID so that we can pick up the value from here
-  const setupJs = document.querySelector(
-    "[data-canister-id]"
-  ) as HTMLElement | null;
-  if (isNullish(setupJs) || isNullish(setupJs.dataset.canisterId)) {
-    void displayError({
-      title: "Canister ID not set",
-      message:
-        "There was a problem contacting the IC. The host serving this page did not give us a canister ID. Try reloading the page and contact support if the problem persists.",
-      primaryButton: "Reload",
-    }).then(() => {
-      window.location.reload();
-    });
-    throw new Error("canisterId is undefined"); // abort further execution of this script
-  }
-
-  return setupJs.dataset.canisterId;
-};
-
-// Show version information for the curious programmer
-const printDevMessage = () => {
-  console.log("Welcome to Internet Identity!");
-  console.log(
-    "The code can be found here: https://github.com/dfinity/internet-identity"
-  );
-  console.log(
-    `https://github.com/dfinity/internet-identity/commit/${version.commit}`
-  );
-  if (nonNullish(version.release)) {
-    console.log(`This is version ${version.release}`);
-  }
-  if (version.dirty) {
-    console.warn("This version is dirty");
-  }
-
-  if (anyFeatures()) {
-    const message = `
-Some features are enabled:
-${Object.entries(features)
-  .map(([k, v]) => ` - ${k}: ${v}`)
-  .join("\n")}
-see more at https://github.com/dfinity/internet-identity#features
-      `;
-    console.warn(message);
-  }
-};
-
-// Ensure the loader/spinner assets are ready when called
-// https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/rel/preload
-const preloadLoaderImage = () => {
-  const link = document.createElement("link");
-  link.setAttribute("rel", "preload");
-  link.setAttribute("href", loaderUrl);
-  link.setAttribute("as", "image");
-  document.head.append(link);
-};
-
-const init = async () => {
-  try {
-    printDevMessage();
-  } catch (e) {
-    console.warn("Error when printing version information:", e);
-  }
-
-  // Preload the loader
-  preloadLoaderImage();
-
-  const url = new URL(document.URL);
-
-  // If the build is not "official", show a warning
-  // https://github.com/dfinity/internet-identity#build-features
-  showWarningIfNecessary();
-
-  const okOrReason = await checkRequiredFeatures(url);
-  if (okOrReason !== true) {
-    return compatibilityNotice(okOrReason);
-  }
-
-  // Prepare the actor/connection to talk to the canister
-  const connection = new Connection(readCanisterId());
 
+void createSpa(async (connection) => {
   // Figure out if user is trying to add a device. If so, use the anchor from the URL.
   const addDeviceAnchor = getAddDeviceAnchor();
   if (nonNullish(addDeviceAnchor)) {
@@ -139,14 +41,14 @@ const init = async () => {
     }
   }
 
+  const url = new URL(document.URL);
+
   // Simple, #-based routing
   if (url.hash === "#authorize") {
     // User was brought here by a dapp for authorization
-    void authFlowAuthorize(connection);
+    return authFlowAuthorize(connection);
   } else {
     // The default flow
-    void authFlowManage(connection);
+    return authFlowManage(connection);
   }
-};
-
-void init();
+});
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/spa.ts b/src/frontend/src/spa.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..32d00300f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/frontend/src/spa.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+import loaderUrl from "$src/components/loader.webp";
+import { showWarningIfNecessary } from "./banner";
+import { displayError } from "./components/displayError";
+import { anyFeatures, features } from "./features";
+import { compatibilityNotice } from "./flows/compatibilityNotice";
+import "./styles/main.css";
+import { checkRequiredFeatures } from "./utils/featureDetection";
+import { Connection } from "./utils/iiConnection";
+import { version } from "./version";
+
+import { isNullish, nonNullish } from "@dfinity/utils";
+
+// Polyfill Buffer globally for the browser
+import { Buffer } from "buffer";
+globalThis.Buffer = Buffer;
+
+/** Reads the canister ID from the <script> tag.
+ *
+ * The canister injects the canister ID as a `data-canister-id` attribute on the script tag, which we then read to figure out where to make the IC calls.
+ */
+const readCanisterId = (): string => {
+  // The backend uses a known element ID so that we can pick up the value from here
+  const setupJs = document.querySelector(
+    "[data-canister-id]"
+  ) as HTMLElement | null;
+  if (isNullish(setupJs) || isNullish(setupJs.dataset.canisterId)) {
+    void displayError({
+      title: "Canister ID not set",
+      message:
+        "There was a problem contacting the IC. The host serving this page did not give us a canister ID. Try reloading the page and contact support if the problem persists.",
+      primaryButton: "Reload",
+    }).then(() => {
+      window.location.reload();
+    });
+    throw new Error("canisterId is undefined"); // abort further execution of this script
+  }
+
+  return setupJs.dataset.canisterId;
+};
+
+// Show version information for the curious programmer
+const printDevMessage = () => {
+  console.log("Welcome to Internet Identity!");
+  console.log(
+    "The code can be found here: https://github.com/dfinity/internet-identity"
+  );
+  console.log(
+    `https://github.com/dfinity/internet-identity/commit/${version.commit}`
+  );
+  if (nonNullish(version.release)) {
+    console.log(`This is version ${version.release}`);
+  }
+  if (version.dirty) {
+    console.warn("This version is dirty");
+  }
+
+  if (anyFeatures()) {
+    const message = `
+Some features are enabled:
+${Object.entries(features)
+  .map(([k, v]) => ` - ${k}: ${v}`)
+  .join("\n")}
+see more at https://github.com/dfinity/internet-identity#features
+      `;
+    console.warn(message);
+  }
+};
+
+// Ensure the loader/spinner assets are ready when called
+// https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/rel/preload
+const preloadLoaderImage = () => {
+  const link = document.createElement("link");
+  link.setAttribute("rel", "preload");
+  link.setAttribute("href", loaderUrl);
+  link.setAttribute("as", "image");
+  document.head.append(link);
+};
+
+// Create a single page app with canister connection
+export const createSpa = async (
+  app: (connection: Connection) => Promise<never>
+) => {
+  try {
+    printDevMessage();
+  } catch (e) {
+    console.warn("Error when printing version information:", e);
+  }
+
+  // Preload the loader
+  preloadLoaderImage();
+
+  // If the build is not "official", show a warning
+  // https://github.com/dfinity/internet-identity#build-features
+  showWarningIfNecessary();
+
+  const okOrReason = await checkRequiredFeatures();
+  if (okOrReason !== true) {
+    return compatibilityNotice(okOrReason);
+  }
+
+  // Prepare the actor/connection to talk to the canister
+  const connection = new Connection(readCanisterId());
+
+  return app(connection);
+};
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/utils/featureDetection.ts b/src/frontend/src/utils/featureDetection.ts
index 320a8bb121..003feae3a6 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/utils/featureDetection.ts
+++ b/src/frontend/src/utils/featureDetection.ts
@@ -2,17 +2,13 @@ import { features } from "$src/features";
 import { isNullish } from "@dfinity/utils";
 import { wrapError } from "./utils";
 
-export const checkRequiredFeatures = async (
-  url: URL
-): Promise<true | string> => {
+export const checkRequiredFeatures = async (): Promise<true | string> => {
   if (features.DUMMY_AUTH) {
     // do not check for webauthn compatibility if DUMMY_AUTH is enabled
     return true;
   }
   if (isNullish(window.PublicKeyCredential))
     return "window.PublicKeyCredential is not defined";
-  if (url.hash === "#compatibilityNotice")
-    return "Remove #compatibilityNotice from the URL and try again.";
   // For mobile devices we want to make sure we can use platform authenticators
   if (!navigator.userAgent.match(/(iPhone|iPod|iPad|Android)/)) return true;
   try {