diff --git a/data/raw/copy_raw.py b/data/raw/copy_raw.py
index 642865db86..69ccdf5c63 100755
--- a/data/raw/copy_raw.py
+++ b/data/raw/copy_raw.py
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ def _main():
     )
     args = parser.parse_args()
 
-    print("# copy the system by %s copies" % args.ncopies)
+    print("# copy the system by %s copies" % args.ncopies)  # noqa: T201
     assert np.all(
         np.array(args.ncopies, dtype=int) >= np.array([1, 1, 1], dtype=int)
     ), "number of copies should be larger than or equal to 1"
diff --git a/data/raw/shuffle_raw.py b/data/raw/shuffle_raw.py
index 51bb7466c9..b4fc1457e5 100755
--- a/data/raw/shuffle_raw.py
+++ b/data/raw/shuffle_raw.py
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ def _main():
     outpath = args.OUTPUT
 
     if not os.path.isdir(inpath):
-        print("# no input dir " + inpath + ", exit")
+        print("# no input dir " + inpath + ", exit")  # noqa: T201
         return
 
     if not os.path.isdir(outpath):
@@ -47,16 +47,16 @@ def _main():
         raws = detect_raw(inpath)
 
     if len(raws) == 0:
-        print("# no file to shuffle, exit")
+        print("# no file to shuffle, exit")  # noqa: T201
         return
 
     assert "box.raw" in raws
     tmp = np.loadtxt(os.path.join(inpath, "box.raw"))
     tmp = np.reshape(tmp, [-1, 9])
     nframe = tmp.shape[0]
-    print(nframe)
+    print(nframe)  # noqa: T201
 
-    print(
+    print(  # noqa: T201
         "# will shuffle raw files "
         + str(raws)
         + " in dir "
diff --git a/deepmd/entrypoints/doc.py b/deepmd/entrypoints/doc.py
index 087eb10f73..e55e84f9d3 100644
--- a/deepmd/entrypoints/doc.py
+++ b/deepmd/entrypoints/doc.py
@@ -17,4 +17,4 @@ def doc_train_input(*, out_type: str = "rst", **kwargs):
         doc_str = gen_json()
     else:
         raise RuntimeError("Unsupported out type %s" % out_type)
-    print(doc_str)
+    print(doc_str)  # noqa: T201
diff --git a/doc/sphinx_contrib_exhale_multiproject.py b/doc/sphinx_contrib_exhale_multiproject.py
index e05cf88ba2..e26cc158a4 100644
--- a/doc/sphinx_contrib_exhale_multiproject.py
+++ b/doc/sphinx_contrib_exhale_multiproject.py
@@ -103,11 +103,11 @@ def exhale_environment_ready(app):
         app.config.exhale_args["containmentFolder"] = os.path.realpath(
             app.config.exhale_args["containmentFolder"]
         )
-        print("=" * 75)
-        print(project)
-        print("-" * 50)
-        pprint(app.config.exhale_args)
-        print("=" * 75)
+        print("=" * 75)  # noqa: T201
+        print(project)  # noqa: T201
+        print("-" * 50)  # noqa: T201
+        pprint(app.config.exhale_args)  # noqa: T203
+        print("=" * 75)  # noqa: T201
 
         # First, setup the extension and verify all of the configurations.
         exhale.configs.apply_sphinx_configurations(app)
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 0d1471c2c3..84cc7237bc 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -238,6 +238,7 @@ select = [
     "NPY", # numpy
     "TID251", # banned-api
     "TID253", # banned-module-level-imports
+    "T20", # ban print
 ]
 
 ignore = [
@@ -283,6 +284,7 @@ banned-module-level-imports = [
 "source/tests/pt/**" = ["TID253"]
 "source/ipi/tests/**" = ["TID253"]
 "source/lmp/tests/**" = ["TID253"]
+"**/*.ipynb" = ["T20"]  # printing in a nb file is expected
 
 [tool.pytest.ini_options]
 markers = "run"
diff --git a/source/tests/pt/model/test_unused_params.py b/source/tests/pt/model/test_unused_params.py
index c20a5f1dc5..36080c2bbd 100644
--- a/source/tests/pt/model/test_unused_params.py
+++ b/source/tests/pt/model/test_unused_params.py
@@ -87,8 +87,6 @@ def get_contributing_params(y, top_level=True):
         contributing_parameters = set(get_contributing_params(ret0["energy"]))
         all_parameters = set(self.model.parameters())
         non_contributing = all_parameters - contributing_parameters
-        for ii in non_contributing:
-            print(ii.shape)
         self.assertEqual(len(non_contributing), 0)
 
 
diff --git a/source/tests/pt/test_dp_test.py b/source/tests/pt/test_dp_test.py
index 08bd2ce623..095994f8ec 100644
--- a/source/tests/pt/test_dp_test.py
+++ b/source/tests/pt/test_dp_test.py
@@ -49,8 +49,7 @@ def test_dp_test(self):
         try:
             res = tester.run()
         except StopIteration:
-            print("Unexpected stop iteration.(test step < total batch)")
-            raise StopIteration
+            raise StopIteration("Unexpected stop iteration.(test step < total batch)")
         for k, v in res.items():
             if k == "rmse" or "mae" in k or k not in more_loss:
                 continue
diff --git a/source/tests/tf/common.py b/source/tests/tf/common.py
index 0bcb29b4b5..d4f3cc8392 100644
--- a/source/tests/tf/common.py
+++ b/source/tests/tf/common.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 import os
 import pathlib
 import shutil
+import warnings
 
 import dpdata
 import numpy as np
@@ -969,7 +970,7 @@ def __init__(self, systems, set_prefix, batch_size, test_size, rcut, run_opt=Non
                 )
             chk_ret = self.data_systems[ii].check_test_size(test_size)
             if chk_ret is not None:
-                print(
+                warnings.warn(
                     "WARNNING: system %s required test size %d is larger than the size %d of the dataset %s"
                     % (self.system_dirs[ii], test_size, chk_ret[1], chk_ret[0])
                 )
diff --git a/source/tests/tf/test_adjust_sel.py b/source/tests/tf/test_adjust_sel.py
index c86bad45b7..435d17d959 100644
--- a/source/tests/tf/test_adjust_sel.py
+++ b/source/tests/tf/test_adjust_sel.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
 import json
 import os
-import subprocess as sp
 import unittest
 
 import numpy as np
@@ -33,17 +32,6 @@ def _file_delete(file):
         os.remove(file)
 
 
-def _subprocess_run(command):
-    popen = sp.Popen(command.split(), shell=False, stdout=sp.PIPE, stderr=sp.STDOUT)
-    for line in iter(popen.stdout.readline, b""):
-        if hasattr(line, "decode"):
-            line = line.decode("utf-8")
-        line = line.rstrip()
-        print(line)
-    popen.wait()
-    return popen.returncode
-
-
 def _init_models():
     # we use the setting for model compression
     data_file = str(tests_path / os.path.join("model_compression", "data"))
diff --git a/source/tests/tf/test_finetune_se_atten.py b/source/tests/tf/test_finetune_se_atten.py
index 35eb994a46..40fc5b68a3 100644
--- a/source/tests/tf/test_finetune_se_atten.py
+++ b/source/tests/tf/test_finetune_se_atten.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
 import json
 import os
-import subprocess as sp
 import unittest
 
 import numpy as np
@@ -46,17 +45,6 @@ def _file_delete(file):
         os.remove(file)
 
 
-def _subprocess_run(command):
-    popen = sp.Popen(command.split(), shell=False, stdout=sp.PIPE, stderr=sp.STDOUT)
-    for line in iter(popen.stdout.readline, b""):
-        if hasattr(line, "decode"):
-            line = line.decode("utf-8")
-        line = line.rstrip()
-        print(line)
-    popen.wait()
-    return popen.returncode
-
-
 def _init_models(setup_model, i):
     data_file = str(tests_path / os.path.join("finetune", "data"))
     data_file_mixed_type = str(tests_path / os.path.join("finetune", "data_mixed_type"))
diff --git a/source/tests/tf/test_mixed_prec_training.py b/source/tests/tf/test_mixed_prec_training.py
index 63504134af..4a4021771d 100644
--- a/source/tests/tf/test_mixed_prec_training.py
+++ b/source/tests/tf/test_mixed_prec_training.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
 import json
 import os
-import subprocess as sp
 import unittest
 
 import numpy as np
@@ -28,17 +27,6 @@ def _file_delete(file):
         os.remove(file)
 
 
-def _subprocess_run(command):
-    popen = sp.Popen(command.split(), shell=False, stdout=sp.PIPE, stderr=sp.STDOUT)
-    for line in iter(popen.stdout.readline, b""):
-        if hasattr(line, "decode"):
-            line = line.decode("utf-8")
-        line = line.rstrip()
-        print(line)
-    popen.wait()
-    return popen.returncode
-
-
 class TestMixedPrecTraining(unittest.TestCase):
     def setUp(self):
         data_file = str(tests_path / os.path.join("model_compression", "data"))
diff --git a/source/tests/tf/test_model_compression_se_a.py b/source/tests/tf/test_model_compression_se_a.py
index 37d1857661..4e49dd44e0 100644
--- a/source/tests/tf/test_model_compression_se_a.py
+++ b/source/tests/tf/test_model_compression_se_a.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
 import json
 import os
-import subprocess as sp
 import unittest
 
 import numpy as np
@@ -33,17 +32,6 @@ def _file_delete(file):
         os.remove(file)
 
 
-def _subprocess_run(command):
-    popen = sp.Popen(command.split(), shell=False, stdout=sp.PIPE, stderr=sp.STDOUT)
-    for line in iter(popen.stdout.readline, b""):
-        if hasattr(line, "decode"):
-            line = line.decode("utf-8")
-        line = line.rstrip()
-        print(line)
-    popen.wait()
-    return popen.returncode
-
-
 def _init_models():
     data_file = str(tests_path / os.path.join("model_compression", "data"))
     frozen_model = str(tests_path / "dp-original.pb")
diff --git a/source/tests/tf/test_model_compression_se_a_ebd.py b/source/tests/tf/test_model_compression_se_a_ebd.py
index 1ab0cfe5cc..debae1f0ba 100644
--- a/source/tests/tf/test_model_compression_se_a_ebd.py
+++ b/source/tests/tf/test_model_compression_se_a_ebd.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
 import json
 import os
-import subprocess as sp
 import unittest
 
 import numpy as np
@@ -33,17 +32,6 @@ def _file_delete(file):
         os.remove(file)
 
 
-def _subprocess_run(command):
-    popen = sp.Popen(command.split(), shell=False, stdout=sp.PIPE, stderr=sp.STDOUT)
-    for line in iter(popen.stdout.readline, b""):
-        if hasattr(line, "decode"):
-            line = line.decode("utf-8")
-        line = line.rstrip()
-        print(line)
-    popen.wait()
-    return popen.returncode
-
-
 def _init_models():
     data_file = str(tests_path / os.path.join("model_compression", "data"))
     frozen_model = str(tests_path / "dp-original-se-e2-a-v2.pb")
diff --git a/source/tests/tf/test_model_compression_se_a_ebd_type_one_side.py b/source/tests/tf/test_model_compression_se_a_ebd_type_one_side.py
index 5ae8ef4990..a24bf48398 100644
--- a/source/tests/tf/test_model_compression_se_a_ebd_type_one_side.py
+++ b/source/tests/tf/test_model_compression_se_a_ebd_type_one_side.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
 import json
 import os
-import subprocess as sp
 import unittest
 
 import numpy as np
@@ -33,17 +32,6 @@ def _file_delete(file):
         os.remove(file)
 
 
-def _subprocess_run(command):
-    popen = sp.Popen(command.split(), shell=False, stdout=sp.PIPE, stderr=sp.STDOUT)
-    for line in iter(popen.stdout.readline, b""):
-        if hasattr(line, "decode"):
-            line = line.decode("utf-8")
-        line = line.rstrip()
-        print(line)
-    popen.wait()
-    return popen.returncode
-
-
 def _init_models():
     data_file = str(tests_path / os.path.join("model_compression", "data"))
     frozen_model = str(tests_path / "dp-original-se-e2-a-v2-one-side.pb")
diff --git a/source/tests/tf/test_model_compression_se_a_type_one_side_exclude_types.py b/source/tests/tf/test_model_compression_se_a_type_one_side_exclude_types.py
index 3726fc2bda..a9de974e4d 100644
--- a/source/tests/tf/test_model_compression_se_a_type_one_side_exclude_types.py
+++ b/source/tests/tf/test_model_compression_se_a_type_one_side_exclude_types.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
 import json
 import os
-import subprocess as sp
 import unittest
 
 import numpy as np
@@ -33,17 +32,6 @@ def _file_delete(file):
         os.remove(file)
 
 
-def _subprocess_run(command):
-    popen = sp.Popen(command.split(), shell=False, stdout=sp.PIPE, stderr=sp.STDOUT)
-    for line in iter(popen.stdout.readline, b""):
-        if hasattr(line, "decode"):
-            line = line.decode("utf-8")
-        line = line.rstrip()
-        print(line)
-    popen.wait()
-    return popen.returncode
-
-
 def _init_models():
     data_file = str(tests_path / os.path.join("model_compression", "data"))
     frozen_model = str(tests_path / "dp-original-type-one-side-exclude-types.pb")
diff --git a/source/tests/tf/test_model_compression_se_atten.py b/source/tests/tf/test_model_compression_se_atten.py
index dbc54dd51a..aa1f0afa38 100644
--- a/source/tests/tf/test_model_compression_se_atten.py
+++ b/source/tests/tf/test_model_compression_se_atten.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
 import json
 import os
-import subprocess as sp
 import unittest
 
 import numpy as np
@@ -29,17 +28,6 @@ def _file_delete(file):
         os.remove(file)
 
 
-def _subprocess_run(command):
-    popen = sp.Popen(command.split(), shell=False, stdout=sp.PIPE, stderr=sp.STDOUT)
-    for line in iter(popen.stdout.readline, b""):
-        if hasattr(line, "decode"):
-            line = line.decode("utf-8")
-        line = line.rstrip()
-        print(line)
-    popen.wait()
-    return popen.returncode
-
-
 # 4 tests:
 # - type embedding FP64, se_atten FP64
 # - type embedding FP64, se_atten FP32
diff --git a/source/tests/tf/test_model_compression_se_r.py b/source/tests/tf/test_model_compression_se_r.py
index 4a5d9ad9f6..26665e5354 100644
--- a/source/tests/tf/test_model_compression_se_r.py
+++ b/source/tests/tf/test_model_compression_se_r.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
 import json
 import os
-import subprocess as sp
 import unittest
 
 import numpy as np
@@ -33,17 +32,6 @@ def _file_delete(file):
         os.remove(file)
 
 
-def _subprocess_run(command):
-    popen = sp.Popen(command.split(), shell=False, stdout=sp.PIPE, stderr=sp.STDOUT)
-    for line in iter(popen.stdout.readline, b""):
-        if hasattr(line, "decode"):
-            line = line.decode("utf-8")
-        line = line.rstrip()
-        print(line)
-    popen.wait()
-    return popen.returncode
-
-
 def _init_models():
     data_file = str(tests_path / os.path.join("model_compression", "data"))
     frozen_model = str(tests_path / "dp-original-se-r.pb")
diff --git a/source/tests/tf/test_model_compression_se_t.py b/source/tests/tf/test_model_compression_se_t.py
index 0cf1135f8a..ec68176cdb 100644
--- a/source/tests/tf/test_model_compression_se_t.py
+++ b/source/tests/tf/test_model_compression_se_t.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
 import json
 import os
-import subprocess as sp
 import unittest
 
 import numpy as np
@@ -33,17 +32,6 @@ def _file_delete(file):
         os.remove(file)
 
 
-def _subprocess_run(command):
-    popen = sp.Popen(command.split(), shell=False, stdout=sp.PIPE, stderr=sp.STDOUT)
-    for line in iter(popen.stdout.readline, b""):
-        if hasattr(line, "decode"):
-            line = line.decode("utf-8")
-        line = line.rstrip()
-        print(line)
-    popen.wait()
-    return popen.returncode
-
-
 def _init_models():
     data_file = str(tests_path / os.path.join("model_compression", "data"))
     frozen_model = str(tests_path / "dp-original-se-t.pb")
diff --git a/source/tests/tf/test_parallel_training.py b/source/tests/tf/test_parallel_training.py
index 1f93c809a2..d190764695 100644
--- a/source/tests/tf/test_parallel_training.py
+++ b/source/tests/tf/test_parallel_training.py
@@ -44,7 +44,6 @@ def test_two_workers(self):
             if hasattr(line, "decode"):
                 line = line.decode("utf-8")
             line = line.rstrip()
-            print(line)
         popen.wait()
         self.assertEqual(0, popen.returncode, "Parallel training failed!")
 
diff --git a/source/tests/tf/test_transfer.py b/source/tests/tf/test_transfer.py
index e5b7f0a906..48e9f78e0d 100644
--- a/source/tests/tf/test_transfer.py
+++ b/source/tests/tf/test_transfer.py
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
 import os
-import subprocess as sp
 import unittest
 
 import numpy as np
@@ -32,17 +31,6 @@ def _file_delete(file):
         os.remove(file)
 
 
-def _subprocess_run(command):
-    popen = sp.Popen(command.split(), shell=False, stdout=sp.PIPE, stderr=sp.STDOUT)
-    for line in iter(popen.stdout.readline, b""):
-        if hasattr(line, "decode"):
-            line = line.decode("utf-8")
-        line = line.rstrip()
-        print(line)
-    popen.wait()
-    return popen.returncode
-
-
 class TestTransform(unittest.TestCase):
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(self):