Source of this info is from Youtube
Linux uses the file system hierachy standard
maintained by the linux foundation.
In linux everything is a file.
basic binaries/application eg ls, chmod and chown.
Containes binaries that are needed in single user mode
Proceed with caution.
Contains everything the os needs to boot.
The location of the boot loader.
Leagcy mounting point for your cd rom.
Hardware as files.
Hardware files e.g the disk file is /dev/sda
A partion in that disk is /dev/sda1 or /dev/sda2
This is accesed by drivers and applications not to be messed by users(unless you know what you are doing).
This is where configurations are stored
The configurations are for system wide applications.
Each user has its own directory
Each user can only access there own.
It can be mounted in a different drive or partition.
Which allows you to reinstall you system and preserve
your files .
It also containes hidden files and directories which
store application settings.
Where libraries are stored.
Libraries are files that applications can use to perform various functions. They may be required by binaries in /bin and /sbin.
Where you would find your ather mounted drives.
They can be usb stick, external drives etc.
Nowadays the os mounts drives to /media
When mounting things manualy use the /mnt directory and leave the os to /media
Manually installed software resides here.
You can also install software you created yourself.
Contains pseudo files that contain info about system processes and resources
Every process will have a directory here which contains info on that process.
Every directory is a pid.
Root users home directory. Does not contain regular home files and directories
and does not reside in /home directory
It is a tempfs file system meaning it runs in memory.
Everything in it is deleted when the os reboots or powersdown.
Used for processes that start early in the boot procedure
that the use to store runtime information that they use to function.
Where snap applications are stored and mainly used by ubuntu.
Self-contained appplications.
Service data is stored here.
e.g is you run a server or ftp this is where you would store
the files that would be accesed by an external user.
For better security
A way to interact with the kernel.
e.g Changing settings to a graphics card in a hybrid system
It is similar to /run and is not phisically written to the
disk, it is created everytime the system is booted up.
Files are stored temporarily b applications that could be used
during a session. e.g when edditing a document
User application space where applications will be installed
that are used by the user as opposed to the bin directory
is used by system and admin. Any application stored here
are non essential for basic system operation installed
applications.
Contains directories that are expected to grow in size
Binaries that the root(system Admin) would use.
A standard user has no access to.