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CocoaPods
CocoaPods is a dependency management system for iOS (and other Cocoa-based) projects. It is very similar in function and usage to npm for JavaScript and Bundler for Ruby.
CocoaPods is packaged as a Ruby gem. Since Ruby comes with new OS X installations, you can install CocoaPods simply by running the following commands in a terminal:
sudo gem install -n /usr/local/bin cocoapods # Install CocoaPods gem
pod setup # Clones the CocoaPods specs repo to ~/.cocoapodsNote: There are alternate instructions if you need to perform a sudo-less install or install a beta version of CocoaPods.
You can find available Pods using the search box on the official CocoaPods site or using the Wantedly search. When you find a pod you want to add to your project, follow these steps:
You only need a single Podfile per project. The Podfile is a plain text file where you can add multiple pods.
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From a terminal in the root directory of your project, run...
pod init
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In the case below, we'll add Alamofire and a few others:
# Uncomment the next line to define a global platform for your project # platform :ios, '9.0' target 'MyApp' do # Comment the next line if you're not using Swift and don't want to use dynamic frameworks use_frameworks! # Pods for MyApp # This pulls in the latest version of Alamofire >= 4.4 but less than 5.0. pod 'Alamofire', '~> 4.4' # Add additional dependencies pod 'OAuthSwift', '~> 1.1.0' pod 'OAuthSwiftAlamofire' end
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Refer to the podfile documentation to see versioning options and more complex use cases.
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From a terminal in the root directory of your project, run...
pod install --verbose
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CocoaPods currently forks the spec repo. If the pod install fails, you may need to update your current specs:
pod repo update
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Close the project (
MyApp.xcodeproject) if you have it open and open the workspace (MyApp.xcworkspace). -
CocoaPods creates an additional project for all the dependencies so you need to open the
.xcworkspacefrom now on (which will contain your original project and the pods project).:<Workspace version = "1.0"> <FileRef location = "group:ParseLab.xcodeproj"></FileRef> <FileRef location = "group:Pods/Pods.xcodeproj"></FileRef> </Workspace>
CocoaPods version 0.36 was the first version to add support for Swift with the use_frameworks! directive.
As long as your app targets iOS8+, you can enable Swift support by adding the use_frameworks! directive to your Podfile:
platform :ios, '8.0'
use_frameworks! # Instruct CocoaPods to use dynamic frameworks instead of static libraries for Pods
...With the use_frameworks! directive, you can now consume Swift libraries using CocoaPods! After you've added use_frameworks! to your Podfile, you can directly import Swift libraries from your Swift code using the framework name (i.e. import AFNetworking).
With the use_frameworks! directive, you can also consume Objective-C libraries from your Swift code without the need of a bridging header anymore. You'll be able to directly import the framework (i.e. import AFNetworking).
Potential Issue: Unfortunately, all Objective-C Pods haven't been updated to work with the new dynamic frameworks behavior. You might come across certain Objective-C Pods that no longer build after adding the use_frameworks! directive. In these cases you can either not use the use_frameworks! directive (you'll now need to create a bridging header) or manually edit the offending Pod to help it find the headers (as done in the linked issue).
If you want to fully remove all traces of CocoaPods from your Xcode project, there's a tool that can do this for you. Run the following command to install the tool:
sudo gem install cocoapods-deintegrateAnd then navigate to the directory that contains your project (the same directory that has the .xcodeproj and Podfile files) and run the following command:
pod deintegrateNote: This will remove all traces of CocoaPods from your project, but will leave 3 files hanging around on disk. If you want to fully remove all traces of CocoaPods, you'll also want to delete the following 3 files: Podfile, Podfile.lock, and *.xcworkspace.
Carthage is an alternative dependency management system for Cocoa applications that has gained some traction recently. It prides itself on being a simple dependency manager that avoids the complexity of CocoaPods. To keep this simplicity, it doesn't automatically integrate the dependencies into your project (you must do that yourself). It also only supports iOS8 and above.