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Installing Docker on Windows Using WSL2, NOT Docker Desktop

These instructions help Windows users install Docker inside a WSL2 VM, without using Docker Desktop, which can be flaky when updating and has licensing fees.

Prerequisite: Uninstall Docker Desitop

If you have Docker Desktop currently installed, you will need to uninstall it first before following the rest of the steps.

Step 1. Install WSL2

Open powershell as admin and run the following commands

wsl --install -d Ubuntu

then once that completes:

sudo apt update

Per those instructions, I installed the Ubuntu terminal, which is a very nice to running WSL through PowerShell.

Step 2. Fix your DNS settings in your WSL2 VM

By default, the VM will not have the correct name server configured, so you won't be able to access any URLs until you fix this (i.e., you can't install anything in your VM yet).

Open a WSL2 terminal, and run this:

  echo -e "[network]\ngenerateResolvConf = false" | sudo tee -a /etc/wsl.conf
  sudo unlink /etc/resolv.conf
  echo nameserver 8.8.8.8 | sudo tee /etc/resolv.conf

  # If you are on the PNNL network, then use 130.20.248.22 instead of 8.8.8.8

This creates a file called /etc/wsl.conf and writes the echoed lines to it. It also removes the special settings on /etc/resolv.conf and sets a specific DNS for the network.

Restart WSL to make sure the DNS changes took effect:

  • From a PowerShell terminal, run wsl --shutdown
  • Open a new WSL terminal (from a PowerShell terminal, run wsl)
  • From your WSL terminal, run ping www.google.com. If you get a response, all is well.

Step 3. Install Docker in WSL2 VM

From a WSL terminal, run these commands.

  1. Install Docker:

    curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com -o get-docker.sh
sudo sh get-docker.sh

  2. Add your user to the Docker group

    sudo usermod -aG docker $USER

  3. Sanity check that both tools were installed successfully

    docker --version
docker compose version

  4. Fix your IP Tables

    If your WSL is using Ubuntu 22.04 or Debian 10+, you need to do 1 extra step for iptables compatibility. Choose option (1) to use iptables-legacy

    sudo update-alternatives --config iptables

    To figure out what version of Linux is running in WSL run this:

    cat /etc/os-release

  5. Set your Docker daemon to run on starup

    From a WSL terminal, edit /etc/wsl.conf

    sudo nano /etc/wsl.conf

    Add the following to the end of the file:

    [boot]
systemd=true

  6. Restart WSL

    From PowerShell terminal:

    wsl --shutdown
wsl

  7. Make sure systemd is running

    From your new WSL terminal, run

    systemctl list-unit-files --type=service

    If you see a bunch of services, all is well. Hit q to exit.

  8. Make sure Docker is running From your new WSL terminal, run

    ps aux | grep docker

    You should see that the docker daemon is running. Something like:

    root         263  0.6  0.1 5284636 139760 ?      Ssl  Sep20 144:46 /usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock

Step 4a. If you've already got code cloned and want to move your code to WSL

All of your code has to be migrated under the WSL VM in order for you to use it.
In Explorer, you can see it at the bottom under Linux/Ubuntu

Image

Note that your WSL username is the one you set up when you installed WSL. I picked my same windows username and password so I would remember.

You should symlink any config files or folders that currently exist in your Windows home folder to your WLS home folder (e.g., ~/.ssh, ~/.aws, etc.)

For example, to link your .ssh folder (known hosts and keys), from your WSL terminal, run:

ln -s /mnt/c/Users/$USER/.ssh ~/.ssh

Step 4b. Clone code from WSL

VS code will make your life easier when it comes to git commands and credentials so from wsl terminal do:

mkdir test
cd test
code .

Follow prompts to have WSL extension added to VS Code, you may have to restart Code. Then open bash terminal in vs code to execute the git clone commands, follow prompts and click 'ok' in browser window that will eventually open to allow VS Code permissions to git.

Step 5. Install tools in WSL

From WSL terminal:

For node and npm use nvm: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/dev-environment/javascript/nodejs-on-wsl

For python and to use virtual envs:

sudo apt install python-is-python3
sudo apt install python3.10-venv

For aws-cli: (if using aws cli from within a venv be sure to activate the venv AFTER installing node)

Install or update the latest version of the AWS CLI - AWS Command Line Interface (amazon.com) https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/userguide/getting-started-install.html