diff --git a/ccc/data_refinement.cpp b/ccc/data_refinement.cpp
index d2269f04..d9b7b20b 100644
--- a/ccc/data_refinement.cpp
+++ b/ccc/data_refinement.cpp
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ static std::unique_ptr<ast::Node> refine_builtin(s32 virtual_address, BuiltInCla
 static std::unique_ptr<ast::Node> refine_pointer_or_reference(s32 virtual_address, const ast::Node& type, const DataRefinementContext& context);
 static const char* generate_format_string(s32 size, bool is_signed);
 static std::string single_precision_float_to_string(float value);
+static std::string string_format(const char* format, va_list args);
+static std::string stringf(const char* format, ...);
 
 void refine_variables(HighSymbolTable& high, const std::vector<Module*>& modules) {
 	// Build a map of where all functions and globals are in memory, so that we
@@ -305,4 +307,18 @@ static std::string single_precision_float_to_string(float value) {
 	return result;
 }
 
+static std::string string_format(const char* format, va_list args) {
+	static char buffer[16 * 1024];
+	vsnprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), format, args);
+	return std::string(buffer);
+}
+
+static std::string stringf(const char* format, ...) {
+	va_list args;
+	va_start(args, format);
+	std::string string = string_format(format, args);
+	va_end(args);
+	return string;
+}
+
 }
diff --git a/ccc/print_json.cpp b/ccc/print_json.cpp
index efe79be9..66bb6e9f 100644
--- a/ccc/print_json.cpp
+++ b/ccc/print_json.cpp
@@ -275,7 +275,8 @@ static void print_json_ast_node(JsonPrinter& json, const ast::Node* ptr) {
 			json.property("stabs_type_number_to_deduplicated_type_index");
 			json.begin_object();
 			for(const auto [stabs_type_number, deduplicated_type_index] : source_file.stabs_type_number_to_deduplicated_type_index) {
-				json.number_property(stringf("%lld", merge_stabs_type_number_parts(stabs_type_number)).c_str(), deduplicated_type_index);
+				s64 merged_type_number = merge_stabs_type_number_parts(stabs_type_number);
+				json.number_property(std::to_string(merged_type_number).c_str(), deduplicated_type_index);
 			}
 			json.end_object();
 			break;
diff --git a/ccc/stabs.cpp b/ccc/stabs.cpp
index ba92c29d..185e00be 100644
--- a/ccc/stabs.cpp
+++ b/ccc/stabs.cpp
@@ -713,9 +713,13 @@ std::optional<std::string> eat_dodgy_stabs_identifier(const char*& input) {
 	return std::nullopt;
 }
 
-STABS_DEBUG(static void print_field(const StabsField& field) {
+STABS_DEBUG(
+
+static void print_field(const StabsField& field) {
 	printf("\t%04x %04x %04x %04x %s\n", field.offset_bits / 8, field.size_bits / 8, field.offset_bits, field.size_bits, field.name.c_str());
-})
+}
+
+)
 
 const char* builtin_class_to_string(BuiltInClass bclass) {
 	switch(bclass) {
diff --git a/ccc/stabs_to_ast.cpp b/ccc/stabs_to_ast.cpp
index 4263e824..ded10cc3 100644
--- a/ccc/stabs_to_ast.cpp
+++ b/ccc/stabs_to_ast.cpp
@@ -84,7 +84,11 @@ Result<std::unique_ptr<ast::Node>> stabs_type_to_ast(const StabsType& type, cons
 		if(type.anonymous || stabs_type == state.stabs_types->end()) {
 			auto type_name = std::make_unique<ast::TypeName>();
 			type_name->source = ast::TypeNameSource::ERROR;
-			type_name->type_name = stringf("CCC_BADTYPELOOKUP(%d,%d)", type.type_number.file, type.type_number.type);
+			type_name->type_name += "CCC_BADTYPELOOKUP(";
+			type_name->type_name += std::to_string(type.type_number.file);
+			type_name->type_name += ",";
+			type_name->type_name += std::to_string(type.type_number.type);
+			type_name->type_name += ")";
 			return std::unique_ptr<ast::Node>(std::move(type_name));
 		}
 		return stabs_type_to_ast(*stabs_type->second, state, abs_parent_offset_bytes, depth + 1, substitute_type_name, force_substitute);
diff --git a/ccc/util.cpp b/ccc/util.cpp
index 7307773c..437ac6bb 100644
--- a/ccc/util.cpp
+++ b/ccc/util.cpp
@@ -1,13 +1,4 @@
-#include "ccc.h"
-
-#include <vector>
-#include <cstdint>
-#include <cstring>
-#include <fstream>
-#include <sstream>
-#include <iterator>
-#include <stdexcept>
-#include <filesystem>
+#include "util.h"
 
 namespace ccc {
 
@@ -54,20 +45,6 @@ Result<const char*> get_string(const std::vector<u8>& bytes, u64 offset) {
 	return CCC_FAILURE("Unexpected end of buffer while reading string.");
 }
 
-std::string string_format(const char* format, va_list args) {
-	static char buffer[16 * 1024];
-	vsnprintf(buffer, 16 * 1024, format, args);
-	return std::string(buffer);
-}
-
-std::string stringf(const char* format, ...) {
-	va_list args;
-	va_start(args, format);
-	std::string string = string_format(format, args);
-	va_end(args);
-	return string;
-}
-
 std::string merge_paths(const std::string& base, const std::string& path) {
 	// Try to figure out if we're dealing with a Windows path of a UNIX path.
 	bool is_windows_path = false;
diff --git a/ccc/util.h b/ccc/util.h
index 80486ec7..606d0f2b 100644
--- a/ccc/util.h
+++ b/ccc/util.h
@@ -184,9 +184,6 @@ Result<const char*> get_string(const std::vector<u8>& bytes, u64 offset);
 #define CCC_BEGIN_END(x) (x).begin(), (x).end()
 #define CCC_ARRAY_SIZE(x) (sizeof(x) / sizeof((x)[0]))
 
-std::string string_format(const char* format, va_list args);
-std::string stringf(const char* format, ...);
-
 // These functions are to be used only for source file paths present in the
 // symbol table, since we want them to be handled consistently across different
 // platforms, which with std::filesystem::path doesn't seem to be possible.