xarray_demo.ipynb

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    "# GOAL\n",
    "\n",
    "Encode the tmeperature information from our NetCDF exercise into an `xarray.DataSet`. \n",
    "\n",
    "For reference, the exercise is as follows:\n",
    "\n",
    ">**Part 1**\n",
    ">\n",
    ">Imagine the following scenario: we have a network of 25 weather stations. They are located in a square grid: starting at 30°0′N 60°0′E, there is a station every 10° North and every 10° East. Each station measures the air temperature at a set time for three days, starting on September 1st, 2022. On the first day, all stations record a temperature of 0°C. On the second day, all temperatures are 1°C, and on the third day, all temperatures are 2°C. What are the variables, dimensions and attributes for this data?\n",
    "\n",
    "> **Part 2**\n",
    ">\n",
    ">Now imagine we calculate the average temperature over time at each weather station, and we wish to incorporate this data into the same dataset. How will adding the average temperature data change the dataset’s variables, attributes, and dimensions?\n",
    "\n",
    "And the conceptual diagram about how to organize this information is the following:\n",
    "\n",
    "<img src = exercise_diagram.png width=80% height=80% class=\"center\">\n"
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    "## Create an `xarray.DataArray`\n",
    "Our goal is to make an `xarray.DataArray` that includes the information from our previous exercise about measuring temperature across three days. \n",
    "\n",
    "First, we import all the necessary libraries."
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    "# we will use this to create number arrays\n",
    "\n",
    "# we will only use it to create a vector of dates\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "# THIS IS THE PACKAGE WE WILL EXPLORE\n"
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    "# `xarray.DataArray`\n",
    "\n",
    "The `xarray.DataArray` is:\n",
    "\n",
    "* the primary data structure of the `xarray` package\n",
    "\n",
    "* an n-dimensional array with **labeled dimensions**\n",
    "\n",
    "* a **representation of a single variable in the NetCDF data format**: it holds the variable’s values, dimensions, and attributes.\n",
    "\n",
    "Here you can read more about the [`xarray` terminology](https://docs.xarray.dev/en/stable/user-guide/terminology.html)."
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    "## Variables\n",
    "\n",
    "The underlying data in the `xarray.DataArray` is a `numpy.ndarray` that holds the variable values. \n",
    "\n",
    "We start by making a `numpy.ndarray` with our mock temperature data:"
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       "array([[[0, 0, 0, 0, 0],\n",
       "        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0],\n",
       "        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0],\n",
       "        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0],\n",
       "        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]],\n",
       "\n",
       "       [[1, 1, 1, 1, 1],\n",
       "        [1, 1, 1, 1, 1],\n",
       "        [1, 1, 1, 1, 1],\n",
       "        [1, 1, 1, 1, 1],\n",
       "        [1, 1, 1, 1, 1]],\n",
       "\n",
       "       [[2, 2, 2, 2, 2],\n",
       "        [2, 2, 2, 2, 2],\n",
       "        [2, 2, 2, 2, 2],\n",
       "        [2, 2, 2, 2, 2],\n",
       "        [2, 2, 2, 2, 2]]])"
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    "# values of a single variable at each point of the coords \n"
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    "We could think this is \"all\" we need to represent our data.\n",
    "But if we stopped at this point, we would need to \n",
    "\n",
    "1. remember that the numbers in this array represent the temperature in degrees Celsius (doesn't seem too bad), \n",
    "\n",
    "2. remember that the first dimension of the array represents time, the second latitude and the third longitude (maybe ok), and \n",
    "\n",
    "3. keep track of the range of values that time, latitude, and longitude take (not so good).\n",
    "\n",
    "Keeping track of all this information separately could quickly get messy and could make it challenging to share our data and analyses with others. \n",
    "\n",
    "This is what the netCDF data model and `xarray` aim to simplify. \n",
    "\n",
    "We can get data and its descriptors together in an `xarray.DataArray` by adding the dimensions over which the variable is being measured and including attributes that appropriately describe dimensions and variables."
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    "## Dimensions and Coordinates\n",
    "\n",
    "To specify the dimensions of our upcoming `xarray.DataArray`, we must examine how we've constructed the `numpy.ndarray` holding the temperature data. \n",
    "\n",
    "The diagram below shows how the dimensions of `temp_data` are ordered: the first dimension is time, the second is latitude, and the third is longitude. \n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "<img src = netcdf_xarray_indexing.png width=50% height=50%>\n",
    "\n",
    "Remember that indexing in 2-dimensional `numpy.ndarrays` starts at the top-left corner of the array, and it is done by rows first and columns second (like matrices). \n",
    "This is why latitude is the second dimension and longitude the third. \n",
    "\n",
    "From the diagram, we can also see that the coordinates (values of each dimension) are as follow:\n",
    "\n",
    "- date coordinates are 2022-09-01, 2022-09-02, 2022-09-03\n",
    "- latitude coordinates are 70, 60, 50, 40, 30 (notice decreasing order)\n",
    "- longitude coordinates are 60, 70, 80, 90, 100 (notice increasing order)\n",
    "\n",
    "We add the dimensions as a tuple of strings and coordinates as a dictionary:"
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    "# names of the dimensions in the required order\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "# create coordinates to use for indexing along each dimension \n",
    "  "
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    "## Attributes\n",
    "\n",
    "Next, we add the attributes (metadata) for our temperature data as a dictionary:"
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    "# attributes (metadata) of the data array \n",
    "attrs = { 'title' : 'temperature across weather stations',\n",
    "          'standard_name' : 'air_temperature',\n",
    "          'units' : 'degree_c'}"
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    "## Putting It All Together\n",
    "\n",
    "Finally, we put all these pieces together (data, dimensions, coordinates, and attributes) to create an `xarray.DataArray`:"
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       "        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0],\n",
       "        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]],\n",
       "\n",
       "       [[1, 1, 1, 1, 1],\n",
       "        [1, 1, 1, 1, 1],\n",
       "        [1, 1, 1, 1, 1],\n",
       "        [1, 1, 1, 1, 1],\n",
       "        [1, 1, 1, 1, 1]],\n",
       "\n",
       "       [[2, 2, 2, 2, 2],\n",
       "        [2, 2, 2, 2, 2],\n",
       "        [2, 2, 2, 2, 2],\n",
       "        [2, 2, 2, 2, 2],\n",
       "        [2, 2, 2, 2, 2]]])\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * time     (time) datetime64[ns] 2022-09-01 2022-09-02 2022-09-03\n",
       "  * lat      (lat) int64 70 60 50 40 30\n",
       "  * lon      (lon) int64 60 70 80 90 100\n",
       "Attributes:\n",
       "    title:          temperature across weather stations\n",
       "    standard_name:  air_temperature\n",
       "    units:          degree_c</pre><div class='xr-wrap' style='display:none'><div class='xr-header'><div class='xr-obj-type'>xarray.DataArray</div><div class='xr-array-name'></div><ul class='xr-dim-list'><li><span class='xr-has-index'>time</span>: 3</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>lat</span>: 5</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>lon</span>: 5</li></ul></div><ul class='xr-sections'><li class='xr-section-item'><div class='xr-array-wrap'><input id='section-ff5d7560-ce2e-4fd3-aa75-85dd0ddb0a8e' class='xr-array-in' type='checkbox' checked><label for='section-ff5d7560-ce2e-4fd3-aa75-85dd0ddb0a8e' title='Show/hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-array-preview xr-preview'><span>0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ... 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2</span></div><div class='xr-array-data'><pre>array([[[0, 0, 0, 0, 0],\n",
       "        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0],\n",
       "        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0],\n",
       "        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0],\n",
       "        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]],\n",
       "\n",
       "       [[1, 1, 1, 1, 1],\n",
       "        [1, 1, 1, 1, 1],\n",
       "        [1, 1, 1, 1, 1],\n",
       "        [1, 1, 1, 1, 1],\n",
       "        [1, 1, 1, 1, 1]],\n",
       "\n",
       "       [[2, 2, 2, 2, 2],\n",
       "        [2, 2, 2, 2, 2],\n",
       "        [2, 2, 2, 2, 2],\n",
       "        [2, 2, 2, 2, 2],\n",
       "        [2, 2, 2, 2, 2]]])</pre></div></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-a25b550b-34dc-477c-814b-f46a63e163f2' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-a25b550b-34dc-477c-814b-f46a63e163f2' class='xr-section-summary' >Coordinates: <span>(3)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>time</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>datetime64[ns]</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>2022-09-01 2022-09-02 2022-09-03</div><input id='attrs-746b9849-6763-4db9-bd8c-9e3540c62f4a' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' disabled><label for='attrs-746b9849-6763-4db9-bd8c-9e3540c62f4a' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-91ca421b-a2d5-404d-a824-b5570088642f' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-91ca421b-a2d5-404d-a824-b5570088642f' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([&#x27;2022-09-01T00:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-09-02T00:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2022-09-03T00:00:00.000000000&#x27;], dtype=&#x27;datetime64[ns]&#x27;)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>lat</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(lat)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>int64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>70 60 50 40 30</div><input id='attrs-0ad1664b-671b-4259-9d9d-c2901e6131e2' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' disabled><label for='attrs-0ad1664b-671b-4259-9d9d-c2901e6131e2' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-a9907bde-c3ab-4767-be59-2a56b019703e' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-a9907bde-c3ab-4767-be59-2a56b019703e' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([70, 60, 50, 40, 30])</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>lon</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(lon)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>int64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>60 70 80 90 100</div><input id='attrs-b5f3eb63-a078-4889-abe2-123bb7313dd5' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' disabled><label for='attrs-b5f3eb63-a078-4889-abe2-123bb7313dd5' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-555842d8-f2bf-4c9c-85da-1cc0a337a101' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-555842d8-f2bf-4c9c-85da-1cc0a337a101' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([ 60,  70,  80,  90, 100])</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-b99bf9ef-d65f-4f7a-8050-b0099f7c7f2d' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-b99bf9ef-d65f-4f7a-8050-b0099f7c7f2d' class='xr-section-summary' >Attributes: <span>(3)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>title :</span></dt><dd>temperature across weather stations</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>air_temperature</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>degree_c</dd></dl></div></li></ul></div></div>"
      ],
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       "<xarray.DataArray (time: 3, lat: 5, lon: 5)>\n",
       "array([[[0, 0, 0, 0, 0],\n",
       "        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0],\n",
       "        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0],\n",
       "        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0],\n",
       "        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]],\n",
       "\n",
       "       [[1, 1, 1, 1, 1],\n",
       "        [1, 1, 1, 1, 1],\n",
       "        [1, 1, 1, 1, 1],\n",
       "        [1, 1, 1, 1, 1],\n",
       "        [1, 1, 1, 1, 1]],\n",
       "\n",
       "       [[2, 2, 2, 2, 2],\n",
       "        [2, 2, 2, 2, 2],\n",
       "        [2, 2, 2, 2, 2],\n",
       "        [2, 2, 2, 2, 2],\n",
       "        [2, 2, 2, 2, 2]]])\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * time     (time) datetime64[ns] 2022-09-01 2022-09-02 2022-09-03\n",
       "  * lat      (lat) int64 70 60 50 40 30\n",
       "  * lon      (lon) int64 60 70 80 90 100\n",
       "Attributes:\n",
       "    title:          temperature across weather stations\n",
       "    standard_name:  air_temperature\n",
       "    units:          degree_c"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# initialize xarray.DataArray\n",
    "temp = xr.DataArray(data = temp_data, \n",
    "                    dims = dims,\n",
    "                    coords = coords,\n",
    "                    attrs = attrs)\n",
    "temp"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "5a670d93-8f5f-4b9d-86da-dc7a7de796c8",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "We can also update the variable’s attributes after creating the object. \n",
    "Notice that each of the coordinates is also an `xarray.DataArray`, so we can add attributes to them."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "id": "bcf50d17-9dd2-4645-b68c-9a642d5a66b0",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
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       "</style><pre class='xr-text-repr-fallback'>&lt;xarray.DataArray (time: 3, lat: 5, lon: 5)&gt;\n",
       "array([[[0, 0, 0, 0, 0],\n",
       "        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0],\n",
       "        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0],\n",
       "        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0],\n",
       "        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]],\n",
       "\n",
       "       [[1, 1, 1, 1, 1],\n",
       "        [1, 1, 1, 1, 1],\n",
       "        [1, 1, 1, 1, 1],\n",
       "        [1, 1, 1, 1, 1],\n",
       "        [1, 1, 1, 1, 1]],\n",
       "\n",
       "       [[2, 2, 2, 2, 2],\n",
       "        [2, 2, 2, 2, 2],\n",
       "        [2, 2, 2, 2, 2],\n",
       "        [2, 2, 2, 2, 2],\n",
       "        [2, 2, 2, 2, 2]]])\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * time     (time) datetime64[ns] 2022-09-01 2022-09-02 2022-09-03\n",
       "  * lat      (lat) int64 70 60 50 40 30\n",
       "  * lon      (lon) int64 60 70 80 90 100\n",
       "Attributes:\n",
       "    title:          temperature across weather stations\n",
       "    standard_name:  air_temperature\n",
       "    units:          degree_c\n",
       "    description:    simple example of an xarray.DataArray</pre><div class='xr-wrap' style='display:none'><div class='xr-header'><div class='xr-obj-type'>xarray.DataArray</div><div class='xr-array-name'></div><ul class='xr-dim-list'><li><span class='xr-has-index'>time</span>: 3</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>lat</span>: 5</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>lon</span>: 5</li></ul></div><ul class='xr-sections'><li class='xr-section-item'><div class='xr-array-wrap'><input id='section-0e3d3ef4-b755-4c9f-8159-23cde7342358' class='xr-array-in' type='checkbox' checked><label for='section-0e3d3ef4-b755-4c9f-8159-23cde7342358' title='Show/hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-array-preview xr-preview'><span>0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ... 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2</span></div><div class='xr-array-data'><pre>array([[[0, 0, 0, 0, 0],\n",
       "        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0],\n",
       "        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0],\n",
       "        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0],\n",
       "        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]],\n",
       "\n",
       "       [[1, 1, 1, 1, 1],\n",
       "        [1, 1, 1, 1, 1],\n",
       "        [1, 1, 1, 1, 1],\n",
       "        [1, 1, 1, 1, 1],\n",
       "        [1, 1, 1, 1, 1]],\n",
       "\n",
       "       [[2, 2, 2, 2, 2],\n",
       "        [2, 2, 2, 2, 2],\n",
       "        [2, 2, 2, 2, 2],\n",
       "        [2, 2, 2, 2, 2],\n",
       "        [2, 2, 2, 2, 2]]])</pre></div></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-e8f3effa-67e9-4f99-9b16-041f63a41451' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-e8f3effa-67e9-4f99-9b16-041f63a41451' class='xr-section-summary' >Coordinates: <span>(3)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>time</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>datetime64[ns]</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>2022-09-01 2022-09-02 2022-09-03</div><input id='attrs-6df6b80a-1df6-4e3d-863a-ebda0c176356' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-6df6b80a-1df6-4e3d-863a-ebda0c176356' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-48700098-7b1b-4b32-9693-29592f282fe2' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-48700098-7b1b-4b32-9693-29592f282fe2' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>description :</span></dt><dd>date of measurement</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([&#x27;2022-09-01T00:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-09-02T00:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2022-09-03T00:00:00.000000000&#x27;], dtype=&#x27;datetime64[ns]&#x27;)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>lat</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(lat)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>int64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>70 60 50 40 30</div><input id='attrs-af59e1bf-487f-40a1-aa5e-74eb268e5a12' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-af59e1bf-487f-40a1-aa5e-74eb268e5a12' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-e1108259-7c8e-4b18-a09f-9c039d44fd25' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-e1108259-7c8e-4b18-a09f-9c039d44fd25' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>grid_latitude</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>degree_N</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([70, 60, 50, 40, 30])</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>lon</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(lon)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>int64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>60 70 80 90 100</div><input id='attrs-f4f26bcf-238b-4970-927c-8050e7b40dd3' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-f4f26bcf-238b-4970-927c-8050e7b40dd3' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-34f051b5-c1db-4bc6-8947-76257f09914d' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-34f051b5-c1db-4bc6-8947-76257f09914d' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>grid_longitude</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>degree_E</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([ 60,  70,  80,  90, 100])</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-d246c5f0-1ea2-410b-8652-0f31f957ed7f' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-d246c5f0-1ea2-410b-8652-0f31f957ed7f' class='xr-section-summary' >Attributes: <span>(4)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>title :</span></dt><dd>temperature across weather stations</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>air_temperature</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>degree_c</dd><dt><span>description :</span></dt><dd>simple example of an xarray.DataArray</dd></dl></div></li></ul></div></div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<xarray.DataArray (time: 3, lat: 5, lon: 5)>\n",
       "array([[[0, 0, 0, 0, 0],\n",
       "        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0],\n",
       "        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0],\n",
       "        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0],\n",
       "        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]],\n",
       "\n",
       "       [[1, 1, 1, 1, 1],\n",
       "        [1, 1, 1, 1, 1],\n",
       "        [1, 1, 1, 1, 1],\n",
       "        [1, 1, 1, 1, 1],\n",
       "        [1, 1, 1, 1, 1]],\n",
       "\n",
       "       [[2, 2, 2, 2, 2],\n",
       "        [2, 2, 2, 2, 2],\n",
       "        [2, 2, 2, 2, 2],\n",
       "        [2, 2, 2, 2, 2],\n",
       "        [2, 2, 2, 2, 2]]])\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * time     (time) datetime64[ns] 2022-09-01 2022-09-02 2022-09-03\n",
       "  * lat      (lat) int64 70 60 50 40 30\n",
       "  * lon      (lon) int64 60 70 80 90 100\n",
       "Attributes:\n",
       "    title:          temperature across weather stations\n",
       "    standard_name:  air_temperature\n",
       "    units:          degree_c\n",
       "    description:    simple example of an xarray.DataArray"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 6,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# update attributes\n",
    "temp.attrs['description'] = 'simple example of an xarray.DataArray'\n",
    "\n",
    "# add attributes to coordinates \n",
    "temp.time.attrs = {'description':'date of measurement'}\n",
    "temp.lat.attrs['standard_name']= 'grid_latitude'\n",
    "temp.lat.attrs['units'] = 'degree_N'\n",
    "temp.lon.attrs['standard_name']= 'grid_longitude'\n",
    "temp.lon.attrs['units'] = 'degree_E'\n",
    "temp"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "5eb74a3f-4ee7-462d-be1c-1f15ddc054a8",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "At this point, since we have a single variable, the dataset attributes and the variable attributes are the same. "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "d48f664a-33d7-41dc-836c-3377b7333cd5",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Reduction\n",
    "`xarray` has implemented several methods to reduce an `xarray.DataArray` along any number of dimensions. \n",
    "\n",
    "One of the advantages of `xarray.DataArray` is that, if we choose to, it can carry over attributes when doing calculations.\n",
    "\n",
    "For example, we can calculate the average temperature at each weather station over time and obtain a new `xarray.DataArray`. "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "id": "d38e5f7f-bcb7-42ec-bb4d-9698acaea83d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
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       "\n",
       ".xr-attrs dd {\n",
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       "\n",
       ".xr-icon-database,\n",
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       "</style><pre class='xr-text-repr-fallback'>&lt;xarray.DataArray (lat: 5, lon: 5)&gt;\n",
       "array([[1., 1., 1., 1., 1.],\n",
       "       [1., 1., 1., 1., 1.],\n",
       "       [1., 1., 1., 1., 1.],\n",
       "       [1., 1., 1., 1., 1.],\n",
       "       [1., 1., 1., 1., 1.]])\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * lat      (lat) int64 70 60 50 40 30\n",
       "  * lon      (lon) int64 60 70 80 90 100\n",
       "Attributes:\n",
       "    title:    average temperature over three days</pre><div class='xr-wrap' style='display:none'><div class='xr-header'><div class='xr-obj-type'>xarray.DataArray</div><div class='xr-array-name'></div><ul class='xr-dim-list'><li><span class='xr-has-index'>lat</span>: 5</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>lon</span>: 5</li></ul></div><ul class='xr-sections'><li class='xr-section-item'><div class='xr-array-wrap'><input id='section-964e24e2-6f3f-49ab-8f84-95e5e342afda' class='xr-array-in' type='checkbox' checked><label for='section-964e24e2-6f3f-49ab-8f84-95e5e342afda' title='Show/hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-array-preview xr-preview'><span>1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 ... 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0</span></div><div class='xr-array-data'><pre>array([[1., 1., 1., 1., 1.],\n",
       "       [1., 1., 1., 1., 1.],\n",
       "       [1., 1., 1., 1., 1.],\n",
       "       [1., 1., 1., 1., 1.],\n",
       "       [1., 1., 1., 1., 1.]])</pre></div></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-d8fbbb1b-a3da-4d58-a1f0-abeaea7a94fb' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-d8fbbb1b-a3da-4d58-a1f0-abeaea7a94fb' class='xr-section-summary' >Coordinates: <span>(2)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>lat</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(lat)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>int64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>70 60 50 40 30</div><input id='attrs-b9024ac1-a9a2-4fe4-b1e2-0094db4f8611' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-b9024ac1-a9a2-4fe4-b1e2-0094db4f8611' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-26b78331-9b0b-473a-9550-3f6a82039b1d' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-26b78331-9b0b-473a-9550-3f6a82039b1d' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>grid_latitude</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>degree_N</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([70, 60, 50, 40, 30])</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>lon</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(lon)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>int64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>60 70 80 90 100</div><input id='attrs-0f75e54d-d65a-4ce4-8cb2-db37143eab66' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-0f75e54d-d65a-4ce4-8cb2-db37143eab66' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-cc3f0d83-9a29-4334-bf4e-53d20ba24b92' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-cc3f0d83-9a29-4334-bf4e-53d20ba24b92' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>grid_longitude</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>degree_E</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([ 60,  70,  80,  90, 100])</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-5a556682-6b6c-4255-b83c-ead13ed44a68' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-5a556682-6b6c-4255-b83c-ead13ed44a68' class='xr-section-summary' >Attributes: <span>(1)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>title :</span></dt><dd>average temperature over three days</dd></dl></div></li></ul></div></div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<xarray.DataArray (lat: 5, lon: 5)>\n",
       "array([[1., 1., 1., 1., 1.],\n",
       "       [1., 1., 1., 1., 1.],\n",
       "       [1., 1., 1., 1., 1.],\n",
       "       [1., 1., 1., 1., 1.],\n",
       "       [1., 1., 1., 1., 1.]])\n",
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       "Attributes:\n",
       "    title:    average temperature over three days"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# compute average temperature\n",
    "avg_temp = temp.mean(dim = 'time') \n",
    "# to keep attributes add keep_attrs = True\n",
    "\n",
    "avg_temp.attrs = {'title':'average temperature over three days'}\n",
    "avg_temp\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "a605be68-6eb6-49f8-9ec8-f1980b079b26",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "More about [`xarray` computations](https://docs.xarray.dev/en/stable/user-guide/computation.html).\n",
    "\n",
    "# `xarray.DataSet`\n",
    "\n",
    "An `xarray.DataSet`:\n",
    "\n",
    "* is the second core data structure of `xarray`\n",
    "\n",
    "* represents a NetCDF file with **multiple variables** (each being an `xarray.DataArray`)\n",
    "\n",
    "* has dimensions, coordinates, and attributes, forming a **self-describing dataset**. \n",
    "\n",
    "Attributes can be specific to each variable, each dimension, or they can describe the whole dataset. \n",
    "\n",
    "**Remember!**\n",
    "The variables in an `xarray.DataSet` can have the same dimensions, share some dimensions, or have no dimensions in common. \n",
    "\n",
    "Let's see an example of this.\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "# Create an `xarray.DataSet`\n",
    "Following our previous example, we can create an `xarray.DataSet` by combining the temperature data with the average temperature data. \n",
    "We also add some attributes that now describe the whole dataset, not only each variable. \n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "id": "8c328320-73be-4551-8b9c-da746c8cbda4",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# make dictionaries with variables and attributes\n",
    "data_vars = {'avg_temp': avg_temp,\n",
    "            'temp': temp}\n",
    "attrs = {'title':'temperature data at weather stations: daily and and average',\n",
    "        'description':'simple example of an xarray.Dataset'}\n",
    "\n",
    "# create xarray.Dataset\n",
    "temp_dataset = xr.Dataset( data_vars = data_vars,\n",
    "                        attrs = attrs)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "40bb1e21-f515-4d8a-8cf4-2ebc865212b5",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Take some time to click through the data viewer and read through the variables and metadata in the dataset. \n",
    "Notice the following: \n",
    "\n",
    "+ `temp_dataset` is a dataset with three dimensions (time, latitude, and longitude), \n",
    "\n",
    "+ `temp` is a variable that uses all three dimensions in the dataset, and\n",
    "\n",
    "+ `aveg_temp` is a variable that only uses two dimensions (latitude and longitude)."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "id": "93c194fc-92d0-4b81-ad9d-93455047aa80",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
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       "</style><pre class='xr-text-repr-fallback'>&lt;xarray.Dataset&gt;\n",
       "Dimensions:   (lat: 5, lon: 5, time: 3)\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * lat       (lat) int64 70 60 50 40 30\n",
       "  * lon       (lon) int64 60 70 80 90 100\n",
       "  * time      (time) datetime64[ns] 2022-09-01 2022-09-02 2022-09-03\n",
       "Data variables:\n",
       "    avg_temp  (lat, lon) float64 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 ... 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0\n",
       "    temp      (time, lat, lon) int64 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ... 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2\n",
       "Attributes:\n",
       "    title:        temperature data at weather stations: daily and and average\n",
       "    description:  simple example of an xarray.Dataset</pre><div class='xr-wrap' style='display:none'><div class='xr-header'><div class='xr-obj-type'>xarray.Dataset</div></div><ul class='xr-sections'><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-b85fa601-2543-4036-b001-45768e3cab37' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox' disabled ><label for='section-b85fa601-2543-4036-b001-45768e3cab37' class='xr-section-summary'  title='Expand/collapse section'>Dimensions:</label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'><ul class='xr-dim-list'><li><span class='xr-has-index'>lat</span>: 5</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>lon</span>: 5</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>time</span>: 3</li></ul></div><div class='xr-section-details'></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-54069ed5-c6db-4703-8404-20a18b2c7745' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-54069ed5-c6db-4703-8404-20a18b2c7745' class='xr-section-summary' >Coordinates: <span>(3)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>lat</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(lat)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>int64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>70 60 50 40 30</div><input id='attrs-92a45fad-5d66-4eeb-bc20-42a726292b64' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-92a45fad-5d66-4eeb-bc20-42a726292b64' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-a8177b9f-a9f5-47ef-b0e1-4baf3ac2f3ad' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-a8177b9f-a9f5-47ef-b0e1-4baf3ac2f3ad' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>grid_latitude</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>degree_N</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([70, 60, 50, 40, 30])</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>lon</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(lon)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>int64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>60 70 80 90 100</div><input id='attrs-1add2ecd-6bd6-4a98-b726-200238324697' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-1add2ecd-6bd6-4a98-b726-200238324697' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-9dd3a9bb-6d63-4038-b09a-3e4346142b62' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-9dd3a9bb-6d63-4038-b09a-3e4346142b62' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>grid_longitude</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>degree_E</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([ 60,  70,  80,  90, 100])</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>time</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>datetime64[ns]</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>2022-09-01 2022-09-02 2022-09-03</div><input id='attrs-5f6ea3ee-49f4-41b6-bac7-4f78426433e9' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-5f6ea3ee-49f4-41b6-bac7-4f78426433e9' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-dffaa451-315b-4a8f-90f1-7df6f7ca3fe9' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-dffaa451-315b-4a8f-90f1-7df6f7ca3fe9' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>description :</span></dt><dd>date of measurement</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([&#x27;2022-09-01T00:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-09-02T00:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2022-09-03T00:00:00.000000000&#x27;], dtype=&#x27;datetime64[ns]&#x27;)</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-0014e06b-06cf-442c-9e07-0d8e9af0780b' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-0014e06b-06cf-442c-9e07-0d8e9af0780b' class='xr-section-summary' >Data variables: <span>(2)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>avg_temp</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(lat, lon)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 ... 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0</div><input id='attrs-b6723fda-b4e7-48a4-a8be-54603e1d4f68' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-b6723fda-b4e7-48a4-a8be-54603e1d4f68' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-73c567d4-aa1a-4307-b981-2b99257cd341' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-73c567d4-aa1a-4307-b981-2b99257cd341' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>title :</span></dt><dd>average temperature over three days</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([[1., 1., 1., 1., 1.],\n",
       "       [1., 1., 1., 1., 1.],\n",
       "       [1., 1., 1., 1., 1.],\n",
       "       [1., 1., 1., 1., 1.],\n",
       "       [1., 1., 1., 1., 1.]])</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>temp</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time, lat, lon)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>int64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ... 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2</div><input id='attrs-e1fcc48e-223d-4d5e-9f68-3187d8a457fd' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-e1fcc48e-223d-4d5e-9f68-3187d8a457fd' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-45e1711a-4664-473a-8862-98311eeae437' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-45e1711a-4664-473a-8862-98311eeae437' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>title :</span></dt><dd>temperature across weather stations</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>air_temperature</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>degree_c</dd><dt><span>description :</span></dt><dd>simple example of an xarray.DataArray</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([[[0, 0, 0, 0, 0],\n",
       "        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0],\n",
       "        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0],\n",
       "        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0],\n",
       "        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]],\n",
       "\n",
       "       [[1, 1, 1, 1, 1],\n",
       "        [1, 1, 1, 1, 1],\n",
       "        [1, 1, 1, 1, 1],\n",
       "        [1, 1, 1, 1, 1],\n",
       "        [1, 1, 1, 1, 1]],\n",
       "\n",
       "       [[2, 2, 2, 2, 2],\n",
       "        [2, 2, 2, 2, 2],\n",
       "        [2, 2, 2, 2, 2],\n",
       "        [2, 2, 2, 2, 2],\n",
       "        [2, 2, 2, 2, 2]]])</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-2a0f9f26-944a-4961-919f-28d5baddd310' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-2a0f9f26-944a-4961-919f-28d5baddd310' class='xr-section-summary' >Attributes: <span>(2)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>title :</span></dt><dd>temperature data at weather stations: daily and and average</dd><dt><span>description :</span></dt><dd>simple example of an xarray.Dataset</dd></dl></div></li></ul></div></div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<xarray.Dataset>\n",
       "Dimensions:   (lat: 5, lon: 5, time: 3)\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * lat       (lat) int64 70 60 50 40 30\n",
       "  * lon       (lon) int64 60 70 80 90 100\n",
       "  * time      (time) datetime64[ns] 2022-09-01 2022-09-02 2022-09-03\n",
       "Data variables:\n",
       "    avg_temp  (lat, lon) float64 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 ... 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0\n",
       "    temp      (time, lat, lon) int64 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ... 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2\n",
       "Attributes:\n",
       "    title:        temperature data at weather stations: daily and and average\n",
       "    description:  simple example of an xarray.Dataset"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 9,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "temp_dataset"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "5ce54e57-3855-49ff-84cb-e24aae25c4d6",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# What would happen next in this class?\n",
    "\n",
    "Having acquried a solid understanding about the core `xarray` structure, we would continue this class by learning more about how to analyze NetCDF via `xarray` with a *real world dataset*. Such as this one:\n",
    "\n",
    "> Time series of annual Arctic freshwater fluxes and storage terms. \n",
    "> This data was produced for the publication [Jahn and Laiho, 2020](https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2020GL088854) about changes in the Arctic freshwater budget and \n",
    "is archived at the Arctic Data Center [doi:10.18739/A2280504J](https://arcticdata.io/catalog/view/doi%3A10.18739%2FA2280504J)\n",
    "\n",
    "You can see the exercises I designed around this datast in my lesson on [Data Structures and Formats for Large Data](https://learning.nceas.ucsb.edu/2022-09-arctic/sections/08-data-structures-netcdf.html). \n",
    "\n",
    "To finish the demo, we will just load and open this dataset, and click around to identify all the components we talked about. "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "id": "0e2469d7-ce76-44fe-8633-8c632164ca06",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# this is a library to access datasets online\n",
    "import urllib \n",
    "\n",
    "# this is a library to navigate files in our computer\n",
    "import os"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "id": "f1f72093-64c2-4512-ad0a-f83e4441acb5",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "url = 'https://arcticdata.io/metacat/d1/mn/v2/object/urn%3Auuid%3A792bfc37-416e-409e-80b1-fdef8ab60033'\n",
    "\n",
    "msg = urllib.request.urlretrieve(url, \"FW_data_CESM_LW_2006_2100.nc\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "id": "c15ea4ae-1612-4152-b98e-824324ae1f44",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
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       "  margin-left: 2px;\n",
       "  margin-right: 10px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-obj-type {\n",
       "  color: var(--xr-font-color2);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-sections {\n",
       "  padding-left: 0 !important;\n",
       "  display: grid;\n",
       "  grid-template-columns: 150px auto auto 1fr 20px 20px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-item {\n",
       "  display: contents;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-item input {\n",
       "  display: none;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-item input + label {\n",
       "  color: var(--xr-disabled-color);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-item input:enabled + label {\n",
       "  cursor: pointer;\n",
       "  color: var(--xr-font-color2);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-item input:enabled + label:hover {\n",
       "  color: var(--xr-font-color0);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-summary {\n",
       "  grid-column: 1;\n",
       "  color: var(--xr-font-color2);\n",
       "  font-weight: 500;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-summary > span {\n",
       "  display: inline-block;\n",
       "  padding-left: 0.5em;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-summary-in:disabled + label {\n",
       "  color: var(--xr-font-color2);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-summary-in + label:before {\n",
       "  display: inline-block;\n",
       "  content: '►';\n",
       "  font-size: 11px;\n",
       "  width: 15px;\n",
       "  text-align: center;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-summary-in:disabled + label:before {\n",
       "  color: var(--xr-disabled-color);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-summary-in:checked + label:before {\n",
       "  content: '▼';\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-summary-in:checked + label > span {\n",
       "  display: none;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-summary,\n",
       ".xr-section-inline-details {\n",
       "  padding-top: 4px;\n",
       "  padding-bottom: 4px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-inline-details {\n",
       "  grid-column: 2 / -1;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-details {\n",
       "  display: none;\n",
       "  grid-column: 1 / -1;\n",
       "  margin-bottom: 5px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-summary-in:checked ~ .xr-section-details {\n",
       "  display: contents;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-array-wrap {\n",
       "  grid-column: 1 / -1;\n",
       "  display: grid;\n",
       "  grid-template-columns: 20px auto;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-array-wrap > label {\n",
       "  grid-column: 1;\n",
       "  vertical-align: top;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-preview {\n",
       "  color: var(--xr-font-color3);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-array-preview,\n",
       ".xr-array-data {\n",
       "  padding: 0 5px !important;\n",
       "  grid-column: 2;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-array-data,\n",
       ".xr-array-in:checked ~ .xr-array-preview {\n",
       "  display: none;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-array-in:checked ~ .xr-array-data,\n",
       ".xr-array-preview {\n",
       "  display: inline-block;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-dim-list {\n",
       "  display: inline-block !important;\n",
       "  list-style: none;\n",
       "  padding: 0 !important;\n",
       "  margin: 0;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-dim-list li {\n",
       "  display: inline-block;\n",
       "  padding: 0;\n",
       "  margin: 0;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-dim-list:before {\n",
       "  content: '(';\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-dim-list:after {\n",
       "  content: ')';\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-dim-list li:not(:last-child):after {\n",
       "  content: ',';\n",
       "  padding-right: 5px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-has-index {\n",
       "  font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-list,\n",
       ".xr-var-item {\n",
       "  display: contents;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-item > div,\n",
       ".xr-var-item label,\n",
       ".xr-var-item > .xr-var-name span {\n",
       "  background-color: var(--xr-background-color-row-even);\n",
       "  margin-bottom: 0;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-item > .xr-var-name:hover span {\n",
       "  padding-right: 5px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-list > li:nth-child(odd) > div,\n",
       ".xr-var-list > li:nth-child(odd) > label,\n",
       ".xr-var-list > li:nth-child(odd) > .xr-var-name span {\n",
       "  background-color: var(--xr-background-color-row-odd);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-name {\n",
       "  grid-column: 1;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-dims {\n",
       "  grid-column: 2;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-dtype {\n",
       "  grid-column: 3;\n",
       "  text-align: right;\n",
       "  color: var(--xr-font-color2);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-preview {\n",
       "  grid-column: 4;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-name,\n",
       ".xr-var-dims,\n",
       ".xr-var-dtype,\n",
       ".xr-preview,\n",
       ".xr-attrs dt {\n",
       "  white-space: nowrap;\n",
       "  overflow: hidden;\n",
       "  text-overflow: ellipsis;\n",
       "  padding-right: 10px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-name:hover,\n",
       ".xr-var-dims:hover,\n",
       ".xr-var-dtype:hover,\n",
       ".xr-attrs dt:hover {\n",
       "  overflow: visible;\n",
       "  width: auto;\n",
       "  z-index: 1;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-attrs,\n",
       ".xr-var-data {\n",
       "  display: none;\n",
       "  background-color: var(--xr-background-color) !important;\n",
       "  padding-bottom: 5px !important;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-attrs-in:checked ~ .xr-var-attrs,\n",
       ".xr-var-data-in:checked ~ .xr-var-data {\n",
       "  display: block;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-data > table {\n",
       "  float: right;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-name span,\n",
       ".xr-var-data,\n",
       ".xr-attrs {\n",
       "  padding-left: 25px !important;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-attrs,\n",
       ".xr-var-attrs,\n",
       ".xr-var-data {\n",
       "  grid-column: 1 / -1;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "dl.xr-attrs {\n",
       "  padding: 0;\n",
       "  margin: 0;\n",
       "  display: grid;\n",
       "  grid-template-columns: 125px auto;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-attrs dt,\n",
       ".xr-attrs dd {\n",
       "  padding: 0;\n",
       "  margin: 0;\n",
       "  float: left;\n",
       "  padding-right: 10px;\n",
       "  width: auto;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-attrs dt {\n",
       "  font-weight: normal;\n",
       "  grid-column: 1;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-attrs dt:hover span {\n",
       "  display: inline-block;\n",
       "  background: var(--xr-background-color);\n",
       "  padding-right: 10px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-attrs dd {\n",
       "  grid-column: 2;\n",
       "  white-space: pre-wrap;\n",
       "  word-break: break-all;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-icon-database,\n",
       ".xr-icon-file-text2 {\n",
       "  display: inline-block;\n",
       "  vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "  width: 1em;\n",
       "  height: 1.5em !important;\n",
       "  stroke-width: 0;\n",
       "  stroke: currentColor;\n",
       "  fill: currentColor;\n",
       "}\n",
       "</style><pre class='xr-text-repr-fallback'>&lt;xarray.Dataset&gt;\n",
       "Dimensions:                          (time: 95, member: 11)\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * time                             (time) float64 2.006e+03 ... 2.1e+03\n",
       "  * member                           (member) float64 1.0 2.0 3.0 ... 10.0 11.0\n",
       "Data variables: (12/16)\n",
       "    FW_flux_Fram_annual_net          (time, member) float64 -1.26e+03 ... -2....\n",
       "    FW_flux_Barrow_annual_net        (time, member) float64 -600.7 ... -537.2\n",
       "    FW_flux_Nares_annual_net         (time, member) float64 -1.805e+03 ... -2...\n",
       "    FW_flux_Davis_annual_net         (time, member) float64 -2.313e+03 ... -3...\n",
       "    FW_flux_BSO_annual_net           (time, member) float64 -859.2 ... -993.2\n",
       "    FW_flux_Bering_annual_net        (time, member) float64 2.351e+03 ... 3.1...\n",
       "    ...                               ...\n",
       "    Solid_FW_flux_BSO_annual_net     (time, member) float64 -26.77 ... -35.43\n",
       "    Solid_FW_flux_Bering_annual_net  (time, member) float64 56.3 86.62 ... 22.87\n",
       "    runoff_annual                    (time, member) float64 3.39e+03 ... 3.97...\n",
       "    netPrec_annual                   (time, member) float64 2.019e+03 ... 2.1...\n",
       "    Liquid_FW_storage_Arctic_annual  (time, member) float64 8.125e+04 ... 9.7...\n",
       "    Solid_FW_storage_Arctic_annual   (time, member) float64 1.828e+04 ... 7.6...\n",
       "Attributes:\n",
       "    creation_date:   02-Jun-2020 15:38:31\n",
       "    author:          Alexandra Jahn, CU Boulder, alexandra.jahn@colorado.edu\n",
       "    title:           Annual timeseries of freshwater data from the CESM Low W...\n",
       "    description:     Annual mean Freshwater (FW) fluxes and storage relative ...\n",
       "    data_structure:  The data structure is |Ensemble member | Time (in years)...</pre><div class='xr-wrap' style='display:none'><div class='xr-header'><div class='xr-obj-type'>xarray.Dataset</div></div><ul class='xr-sections'><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-107b34d9-a66b-4ff7-99b3-e23a614f034b' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox' disabled ><label for='section-107b34d9-a66b-4ff7-99b3-e23a614f034b' class='xr-section-summary'  title='Expand/collapse section'>Dimensions:</label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'><ul class='xr-dim-list'><li><span class='xr-has-index'>time</span>: 95</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>member</span>: 11</li></ul></div><div class='xr-section-details'></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-cb895ac3-645e-4921-8b6a-0b32858cf689' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-cb895ac3-645e-4921-8b6a-0b32858cf689' class='xr-section-summary' >Coordinates: <span>(2)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>time</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>2.006e+03 2.007e+03 ... 2.1e+03</div><input id='attrs-31325dfa-6af8-4dee-afe5-073a7e10d1bf' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-31325dfa-6af8-4dee-afe5-073a7e10d1bf' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-4995b4e7-1911-43d2-86eb-e40b2d8c88c4' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-4995b4e7-1911-43d2-86eb-e40b2d8c88c4' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>time in years, 1920-2100</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([2006., 2007., 2008., 2009., 2010., 2011., 2012., 2013., 2014., 2015.,\n",
       "       2016., 2017., 2018., 2019., 2020., 2021., 2022., 2023., 2024., 2025.,\n",
       "       2026., 2027., 2028., 2029., 2030., 2031., 2032., 2033., 2034., 2035.,\n",
       "       2036., 2037., 2038., 2039., 2040., 2041., 2042., 2043., 2044., 2045.,\n",
       "       2046., 2047., 2048., 2049., 2050., 2051., 2052., 2053., 2054., 2055.,\n",
       "       2056., 2057., 2058., 2059., 2060., 2061., 2062., 2063., 2064., 2065.,\n",
       "       2066., 2067., 2068., 2069., 2070., 2071., 2072., 2073., 2074., 2075.,\n",
       "       2076., 2077., 2078., 2079., 2080., 2081., 2082., 2083., 2084., 2085.,\n",
       "       2086., 2087., 2088., 2089., 2090., 2091., 2092., 2093., 2094., 2095.,\n",
       "       2096., 2097., 2098., 2099., 2100.])</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>member</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(member)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 ... 9.0 10.0 11.0</div><input id='attrs-7b724f9e-e159-4547-91a5-97af83c8503f' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-7b724f9e-e159-4547-91a5-97af83c8503f' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-cb50afb0-ed82-4834-8e83-b102425970a1' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-cb50afb0-ed82-4834-8e83-b102425970a1' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Ensemble member, 1-11</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([ 1.,  2.,  3.,  4.,  5.,  6.,  7.,  8.,  9., 10., 11.])</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-ebd52de0-58fb-4d90-be78-3a5e8390e706' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  ><label for='section-ebd52de0-58fb-4d90-be78-3a5e8390e706' class='xr-section-summary' >Data variables: <span>(16)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>FW_flux_Fram_annual_net</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time, member)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-d8329b40-d18b-4c94-8ef8-87e24b19ead4' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-d8329b40-d18b-4c94-8ef8-87e24b19ead4' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-7a5cf77b-79b2-4ac1-906c-ec00d65f2cd0' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-7a5cf77b-79b2-4ac1-906c-ec00d65f2cd0' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>km3/yr</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Net liquid FW flux through Fram Strait, relative to 34.8</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([[-1259.970567, -1264.007662, -1043.912842, ..., -1127.209397,\n",
       "        -1094.937548, -1068.404606],\n",
       "       [-1211.286894, -1479.531102, -1018.166211, ..., -1243.711036,\n",
       "        -1267.207286, -1114.552581],\n",
       "       [-1280.228564, -1385.553358,  -880.902707, ..., -1289.849198,\n",
       "        -1050.289977, -1041.592238],\n",
       "       ...,\n",
       "       [-1994.723559, -2192.810731, -1867.436333, ..., -1801.993229,\n",
       "        -2151.202886, -2616.74365 ],\n",
       "       [-2312.975878, -1882.595866, -1626.129161, ..., -2050.419246,\n",
       "        -2007.994165, -2369.86382 ],\n",
       "       [-1869.903721, -1941.767155, -1944.454371, ..., -1797.444957,\n",
       "        -2291.658043, -2133.186992]])</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>FW_flux_Barrow_annual_net</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time, member)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-d976009a-89b8-4a82-b612-91613b0c9b5d' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-d976009a-89b8-4a82-b612-91613b0c9b5d' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-33f34de5-c181-4d8b-9a06-1dbad928e381' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-33f34de5-c181-4d8b-9a06-1dbad928e381' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>km3/yr</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Net liquid FW flux through Barrow Strait, relative to 34.8</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([[-600.656931, -591.794563, -623.46547 , ..., -530.954288, -557.466782,\n",
       "        -540.397683],\n",
       "       [-545.381073, -651.15272 , -647.759741, ..., -554.62912 , -614.254495,\n",
       "        -681.241813],\n",
       "       [-676.367103, -597.249584, -526.308636, ..., -458.975897, -539.056379,\n",
       "        -600.418649],\n",
       "       ...,\n",
       "       [-495.781816, -343.416049, -572.034808, ..., -547.660529, -503.001068,\n",
       "        -575.476408],\n",
       "       [-508.571693, -385.524045, -505.368339, ..., -560.393935, -432.867012,\n",
       "        -501.710328],\n",
       "       [-478.525844, -380.776262, -525.255738, ..., -418.526205, -514.73683 ,\n",
       "        -537.165685]])</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>FW_flux_Nares_annual_net</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time, member)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-1896c1cf-25ef-4620-aca4-bdc7eb2043c7' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-1896c1cf-25ef-4620-aca4-bdc7eb2043c7' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-6526a13e-a716-430a-92ad-840c129adde3' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-6526a13e-a716-430a-92ad-840c129adde3' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>km3/yr</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Net liquid FW flux through Nares Strait, relative to 34.8</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([[-1805.094645, -1750.974399, -1736.428853, ..., -1790.293088,\n",
       "        -1630.279788, -1698.111863],\n",
       "       [-1661.738712, -1906.896808, -1756.856956, ..., -1846.616134,\n",
       "        -1754.973196, -1978.856594],\n",
       "       [-1956.029601, -1729.47722 , -1506.906015, ..., -1742.673838,\n",
       "        -1613.488436, -1857.85344 ],\n",
       "       ...,\n",
       "       [-2835.663916, -2685.863919, -3123.0961  , ..., -2930.78795 ,\n",
       "        -3075.907956, -2954.079147],\n",
       "       [-2767.255034, -2435.987932, -2852.725589, ..., -3132.779162,\n",
       "        -2879.811506, -2758.960293],\n",
       "       [-2801.006622, -2418.965807, -2907.765449, ..., -2699.143264,\n",
       "        -3153.186248, -2825.880317]])</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>FW_flux_Davis_annual_net</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time, member)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-653ed8f4-abc2-4167-b61a-f3b214747668' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-653ed8f4-abc2-4167-b61a-f3b214747668' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-6c5a33c4-b1bd-4c39-af71-fd292ba60ea6' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-6c5a33c4-b1bd-4c39-af71-fd292ba60ea6' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>km3/yr</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Net liquid FW flux through Davis Strait, relative to 34.8</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([[-2312.903562, -2206.193327, -2513.938315, ..., -2452.741479,\n",
       "        -2178.565682, -2496.419307],\n",
       "       [-2442.875007, -2302.612039, -2550.956543, ..., -2594.189567,\n",
       "        -2411.537129, -2491.906155],\n",
       "       [-2380.667757, -2460.765939, -2355.580677, ..., -2566.93496 ,\n",
       "        -2292.468786, -2443.485248],\n",
       "       ...,\n",
       "       [-3222.803208, -3277.824803, -3791.472809, ..., -3864.113295,\n",
       "        -3704.395263, -3775.769167],\n",
       "       [-3091.625499, -3293.624915, -3857.535966, ..., -3733.405415,\n",
       "        -3404.497911, -3538.640386],\n",
       "       [-3657.58114 , -3137.665787, -3346.385689, ..., -3778.231506,\n",
       "        -3182.004745, -3294.19718 ]])</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>FW_flux_BSO_annual_net</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time, member)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-28db2e6a-3795-42f4-bbbe-7199d061195b' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-28db2e6a-3795-42f4-bbbe-7199d061195b' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-6283d660-f327-4532-90ad-f1b060581319' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-6283d660-f327-4532-90ad-f1b060581319' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>km3/yr</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Net liquid FW flux through the Barents Sea Opening, relative to 34.8</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([[ -859.243059,  -942.211781,  -723.703298, ..., -1036.046746,\n",
       "        -1055.237416,  -736.846205],\n",
       "       [ -878.919322,  -862.165165,  -760.842132, ...,  -981.459231,\n",
       "        -1017.759096,  -719.537064],\n",
       "       [ -867.125354,  -771.0794  ,  -883.947051, ...,  -823.744405,\n",
       "        -1084.024653,  -832.384503],\n",
       "       ...,\n",
       "       [-1201.528063,  -956.321947,  -989.990348, ...,  -928.170124,\n",
       "        -1522.813339, -1333.944058],\n",
       "       [-1175.496328,  -992.809814, -1042.238636, ..., -1027.30427 ,\n",
       "        -1012.655464, -1161.633369],\n",
       "       [-1108.045221, -1149.213528,  -974.059705, ...,  -944.651881,\n",
       "        -1351.228427,  -993.196776]])</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>FW_flux_Bering_annual_net</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time, member)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-7781688e-f592-4df2-8e6b-38499d771cf5' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-7781688e-f592-4df2-8e6b-38499d771cf5' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-dbaa37bd-2bc8-428e-aeac-cadf024003c9' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-dbaa37bd-2bc8-428e-aeac-cadf024003c9' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>km3/yr</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Net liquid FW flux through Bering Strait, relative to 34.8</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([[2351.369668, 2345.677436, 2046.439566, ..., 2298.623674, 2036.719667,\n",
       "        1907.280919],\n",
       "       [2481.513182, 2178.085803, 2490.061059, ..., 2760.976043, 2139.010713,\n",
       "        2320.373448],\n",
       "       [2514.857782, 2488.589714, 2864.883346, ..., 2666.687224, 2805.529561,\n",
       "        1831.068287],\n",
       "       ...,\n",
       "       [2212.93228 , 2305.747855, 3165.795471, ..., 2682.178162, 2137.858094,\n",
       "        2769.764568],\n",
       "       [2402.817047, 2871.272846, 2241.49669 , ..., 2899.779166, 2921.583788,\n",
       "        3124.232717],\n",
       "       [2553.009217, 2738.646198, 2402.378728, ..., 2832.505199, 2564.175895,\n",
       "        3110.720966]])</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>Solid_FW_flux_Fram_annual_net</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time, member)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-e49d2adf-d4f0-460d-bcb6-03b573e26371' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-e49d2adf-d4f0-460d-bcb6-03b573e26371' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-f02cb4ca-883d-4ff7-9b8b-8bc649451edb' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-f02cb4ca-883d-4ff7-9b8b-8bc649451edb' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>km3/yr</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Net Solid (ice+snow) FW flux through Fram Strait, relative to 34.8</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([[-2355.201527, -3079.918585, -1900.235976, ..., -2379.143692,\n",
       "        -2263.860412, -1740.013499],\n",
       "       [-2072.011081, -2483.281102, -2397.287222, ..., -2044.468084,\n",
       "        -2757.085258, -2187.036132],\n",
       "       [-2495.74312 , -1468.060247, -2391.734318, ..., -2991.861612,\n",
       "        -2881.262317, -2262.942851],\n",
       "       ...,\n",
       "       [ -989.394195, -1285.473222,  -763.780509, ...,  -657.173252,\n",
       "         -940.635132, -2216.186576],\n",
       "       [-1176.377381,  -715.543546,  -763.626743, ...,  -876.188872,\n",
       "         -550.202924, -1673.306079],\n",
       "       [ -842.80755 , -1236.592837,  -685.109519, ...,  -585.170298,\n",
       "        -1213.069558, -1393.501459]])</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>Solid_FW_flux_Barrow_annual_net</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time, member)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-42245f29-8a46-4a45-addf-cb50765af3d5' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-42245f29-8a46-4a45-addf-cb50765af3d5' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-081732be-45a8-470a-b390-006dab95b910' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-081732be-45a8-470a-b390-006dab95b910' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>km3/yr</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Net Solid (ice+snow) FW flux through Barrow Strait, relative to 34.8</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([[ -5.907839, -11.016486,   2.898278, ...,  -6.772   ,  -2.346885,\n",
       "         -4.972206],\n",
       "       [ -5.405102, -12.325443,  -2.837828, ...,  -1.54938 ,  -1.524433,\n",
       "         -3.239178],\n",
       "       [-13.615343,  -3.321843,   3.297263, ...,  17.846225,  -8.849867,\n",
       "         -1.40733 ],\n",
       "       ...,\n",
       "       [ -4.252253,  -4.74888 ,  -2.318929, ...,  -0.692743,  -3.516814,\n",
       "         -7.24111 ],\n",
       "       [ -2.473455,  -2.43267 ,  -4.119768, ...,  -3.041222,  -0.642326,\n",
       "         -3.151623],\n",
       "       [ -4.023888,  -4.630743,  -6.034809, ...,  -3.946639,  -2.759937,\n",
       "         -3.67783 ]])</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>Solid_FW_flux_Nares_annual_net</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time, member)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-cc682fb1-5b36-4348-bbae-6757e6c236b6' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-cc682fb1-5b36-4348-bbae-6757e6c236b6' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-555d639e-b29f-4a17-9e84-95f4f64b3328' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-555d639e-b29f-4a17-9e84-95f4f64b3328' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>km3/yr</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Net Solid (ice+snow) FW flux through Nares Strait, relative to 34.8</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([[-443.523805, -369.69004 , -319.816739, ..., -359.434137, -331.597514,\n",
       "        -351.161639],\n",
       "       [-402.060722, -365.66951 , -455.727733, ..., -359.163976, -398.079664,\n",
       "        -312.769165],\n",
       "       [-309.118123, -407.329009, -518.392379, ..., -380.334965, -392.379044,\n",
       "        -384.005149],\n",
       "       ...,\n",
       "       [-322.681791, -285.266534, -360.379804, ..., -249.28949 , -291.504876,\n",
       "        -301.008009],\n",
       "       [-214.401449, -252.253729, -303.416623, ..., -295.322261, -282.239789,\n",
       "        -357.222407],\n",
       "       [-361.437905, -301.694338, -259.185245, ..., -248.62952 , -255.963657,\n",
       "        -396.696598]])</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>Solid_FW_flux_Davis_annual_net</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time, member)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-9dcd46bf-47af-426e-96ce-4cb6de145416' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-9dcd46bf-47af-426e-96ce-4cb6de145416' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-67c615fa-5bdc-4b22-bee6-c34c8a960b17' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-67c615fa-5bdc-4b22-bee6-c34c8a960b17' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>km3/yr</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Net Solid (ice+snow) FW flux through Davis Strait, relative to 34.8</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([[-647.548166, -690.769077, -803.010762, ..., -637.388108, -669.678922,\n",
       "        -636.923716],\n",
       "       [-738.654959, -712.727442, -787.469841, ..., -741.271782, -734.0404  ,\n",
       "        -652.683568],\n",
       "       [-607.804625, -582.211375, -735.954593, ..., -633.625357, -651.638696,\n",
       "        -628.742061],\n",
       "       ...,\n",
       "       [-547.210914, -467.312263, -533.798556, ..., -565.575028, -573.092124,\n",
       "        -579.833192],\n",
       "       [-381.382969, -369.539971, -560.781192, ..., -423.884627, -600.9458  ,\n",
       "        -596.006766],\n",
       "       [-544.597115, -384.419366, -492.503528, ..., -482.520345, -479.724188,\n",
       "        -568.860609]])</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>Solid_FW_flux_BSO_annual_net</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time, member)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-7068b818-f3e5-4522-8b92-cea33b163eb4' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-7068b818-f3e5-4522-8b92-cea33b163eb4' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-f083f5d8-45f7-4dcf-a2e3-e1476a514806' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-f083f5d8-45f7-4dcf-a2e3-e1476a514806' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>km3/yr</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Net Solid (ice+snow) FW flux through the Barents Sea Opening, relative to 34.8</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([[-2.677222e+01, -2.198672e+02, -7.108708e+01, ..., -8.265375e+00,\n",
       "        -7.027574e+01, -2.478501e-01],\n",
       "       [-1.119710e+00, -1.611613e+01, -9.113674e+01, ..., -7.502441e+01,\n",
       "        -4.567288e+01, -8.217717e+01],\n",
       "       [-1.862617e+01, -4.320776e+00, -1.400749e+02, ..., -1.114686e+01,\n",
       "        -2.599572e+02, -2.824174e+01],\n",
       "       ...,\n",
       "       [-2.107002e+01, -1.972472e+01, -1.322291e+00, ..., -1.250803e+01,\n",
       "         0.000000e+00, -8.715960e+00],\n",
       "       [-1.129319e-01, -3.020100e+00, -9.972180e+00, ..., -6.321711e+00,\n",
       "        -1.357067e-01, -5.525681e-01],\n",
       "       [-1.324610e-02, -1.583726e+01, -2.125017e-01, ..., -2.465729e+00,\n",
       "        -3.163840e-01, -3.543094e+01]])</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>Solid_FW_flux_Bering_annual_net</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time, member)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-19843c41-1af7-4b26-b449-414ed767aa3f' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-19843c41-1af7-4b26-b449-414ed767aa3f' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-4049cae1-f007-4e99-acd4-1058728aac38' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-4049cae1-f007-4e99-acd4-1058728aac38' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>km3/yr</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Net Solid (ice+snow) FW flux through Bering Strait, relative to 34.8</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([[ 56.300783,  86.619422,  21.629406, ...,  45.369409, 120.205643,\n",
       "          6.023335],\n",
       "       [ 52.854622,  68.339477, 139.181478, ...,  79.513795,  82.273825,\n",
       "        216.946026],\n",
       "       [ 64.470058,  16.432358,  33.79051 , ...,  36.5111  ,  51.494807,\n",
       "        -83.580959],\n",
       "       ...,\n",
       "       [ 58.127421,  22.637266,  79.579919, ...,  48.221805,  29.201449,\n",
       "        146.166502],\n",
       "       [ 46.223662,  44.331598,   9.747562, ...,  44.638335,  63.846993,\n",
       "         49.628882],\n",
       "       [  4.125923,  26.376146,  44.08245 , ...,  35.386517, 144.93525 ,\n",
       "         22.865989]])</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>runoff_annual</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time, member)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-d7ba00aa-371f-40b4-9851-c89b2f128d1e' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-d7ba00aa-371f-40b4-9851-c89b2f128d1e' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-3290ab2a-ba0f-4672-911b-86dae5a94169' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-3290ab2a-ba0f-4672-911b-86dae5a94169' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>km3/yr</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>FW flux from river runoff into the Arctic Ocean domain, relative to 34.8</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([[3389.793118, 3653.250059, 3255.904314, ..., 3484.324351, 3762.057224,\n",
       "        3233.230548],\n",
       "       [2991.152992, 3493.827835, 3384.707049, ..., 3571.643922, 3489.125416,\n",
       "        3641.709685],\n",
       "       [3534.397219, 3128.514068, 3354.798516, ..., 3304.537755, 3539.266607,\n",
       "        3084.447612],\n",
       "       ...,\n",
       "       [3665.258107, 3551.863606, 3809.485292, ..., 3493.525529, 3663.667382,\n",
       "        4321.328755],\n",
       "       [3743.83261 , 3378.368684, 3672.490382, ..., 3739.293615, 3739.029349,\n",
       "        3973.012085],\n",
       "       [3552.160713, 3480.78009 , 3710.884772, ..., 3580.675064, 4001.506981,\n",
       "        3973.911416]])</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>netPrec_annual</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time, member)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-5f5492ff-f73f-4b57-9b52-93f4c89d59cb' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-5f5492ff-f73f-4b57-9b52-93f4c89d59cb' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-fc28a2b0-dfba-4b70-a6ee-4c18a2346b47' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-fc28a2b0-dfba-4b70-a6ee-4c18a2346b47' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>km3/yr</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Net FW flux from precipitation minus evaporation over the Arctic Ocean domain, relative to 34.8</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([[2019.436111, 2208.638737, 1936.136054, ..., 2049.989982, 1959.873063,\n",
       "        1750.749748],\n",
       "       [1945.582104, 2039.416637, 2085.04094 , ..., 1870.845855, 1965.883031,\n",
       "        2057.552438],\n",
       "       [2032.998228, 2047.057141, 1904.70621 , ..., 1894.083722, 1825.828287,\n",
       "        2026.627389],\n",
       "       ...,\n",
       "       [1858.080937, 1946.276296, 2100.604079, ..., 1994.116693, 2114.804976,\n",
       "        2423.484939],\n",
       "       [1915.662721, 1961.74668 , 1920.628415, ..., 1993.625762, 1744.708491,\n",
       "        2245.915281],\n",
       "       [1767.588737, 1904.765559, 1953.973994, ..., 1760.192971, 2384.175174,\n",
       "        2118.712754]])</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>Liquid_FW_storage_Arctic_annual</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time, member)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-95fb159a-ef83-41bf-9c37-5a3023b46726' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-95fb159a-ef83-41bf-9c37-5a3023b46726' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-0524fbc1-5784-4b99-8cec-169c1a6ecd29' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-0524fbc1-5784-4b99-8cec-169c1a6ecd29' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>km3</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>FW storage in the Arctic Ocean domain, , relative to 34.8. Ignoring any negative FW (water above reference salinity)</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([[ 81250.414556,  85443.803218,  80863.782256, ...,  86120.03671 ,\n",
       "         81999.322618,  87066.701325],\n",
       "       [ 82567.489008,  85437.534745,  81016.233259, ...,  86801.295397,\n",
       "         81720.408045,  85405.906043],\n",
       "       [ 83435.689171,  84300.641386,  81701.536079, ...,  88202.733212,\n",
       "         82363.689791,  84802.874562],\n",
       "       ...,\n",
       "       [ 99179.037787, 100587.947588,  99713.659894, ..., 105329.776774,\n",
       "        101183.194676,  96731.099064],\n",
       "       [ 99022.701221, 100071.990872, 100428.151173, ..., 106023.385394,\n",
       "        101243.934883,  97353.008726],\n",
       "       [ 99884.660244, 101526.449779, 100904.197851, ..., 106283.670855,\n",
       "        101106.948969,  97309.828159]])</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>Solid_FW_storage_Arctic_annual</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time, member)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-8aef797b-561d-4683-8620-c717aaa6e6c1' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-8aef797b-561d-4683-8620-c717aaa6e6c1' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-d9a3df8b-cc13-4903-8946-2a4633540bce' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-d9a3df8b-cc13-4903-8946-2a4633540bce' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>km3</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>FW storage in sea ice and snow in the Arctic Ocean domain, relative to 34.8</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([[18283.302344, 16436.957815, 18942.480543, ..., 19105.369531,\n",
       "        17193.142364, 16026.957959],\n",
       "       [17228.15868 , 16184.248407, 19493.271233, ..., 18736.727461,\n",
       "        17731.125586, 18033.048197],\n",
       "       [16582.390706, 17113.875851, 19081.541068, ..., 18073.074623,\n",
       "        16677.630513, 18713.913839],\n",
       "       ...,\n",
       "       [ 8286.152773,  7618.147979,  7159.460183, ...,  7615.242652,\n",
       "         7314.728945,  8332.238818],\n",
       "       [ 7925.266   ,  8366.732533,  7583.306716, ...,  7247.856691,\n",
       "         6969.390301,  7445.873087],\n",
       "       [ 6850.743786,  7492.329279,  7275.546906, ...,  7656.442802,\n",
       "         7476.367423,  7656.280716]])</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-1c3a1d0d-0c83-4d78-8792-e86ec45c8170' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-1c3a1d0d-0c83-4d78-8792-e86ec45c8170' class='xr-section-summary' >Attributes: <span>(5)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>creation_date :</span></dt><dd>02-Jun-2020 15:38:31</dd><dt><span>author :</span></dt><dd>Alexandra Jahn, CU Boulder, alexandra.jahn@colorado.edu</dd><dt><span>title :</span></dt><dd>Annual timeseries of freshwater data from the CESM Low Warming Ensemble</dd><dt><span>description :</span></dt><dd>Annual mean Freshwater (FW) fluxes and storage relative to 34.8 shown in Jahn and Laiho, GRL, 2020, calculated from the 11-member Community Earth System Model (CESM) Low Warming Ensemble output (Sanderson et al., 2017, Earth Syst. Dynam., 8, 827-847. doi: 10.5194/esd-8-827-2017). These 11 ensemble members were branched from the first 11 ensemble members of the CESM Large Ensemble (companion data file) at the end of 2005. Convention for the fluxes is that positive fluxes signify a source of FW to the Arctic and negative fluxes are a sink/export of FW for the Arctic. FW fluxes are the net fluxes through a strait over the full ocean depth, adding up any positive and negative fluxes. Liquid FW storage is calculated over the full depth of the ocean but ignoring any negative FW (resulting from salinties over 34.8). Solid FW storage includes FW stored in sea ice and FW stored in snow on sea ice. Surface fluxes and FW storage is calculated over the Arctic domain bounded by Barrow Strait, Nares Strait, Bering Strait, Fram Strait, and the Barents Sea Opeing (BSO). Davis Strait fluxes are included for reference only and are outside of the Arctic domain. A map showing the domain and the location of the straits can be found in Jahn and Laiho, GRL, 2020.</dd><dt><span>data_structure :</span></dt><dd>The data structure is |Ensemble member | Time (in years)|. All data are annual means. The data covers 2006-2100. There are 11 ensemble members.</dd></dl></div></li></ul></div></div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<xarray.Dataset>\n",
       "Dimensions:                          (time: 95, member: 11)\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * time                             (time) float64 2.006e+03 ... 2.1e+03\n",
       "  * member                           (member) float64 1.0 2.0 3.0 ... 10.0 11.0\n",
       "Data variables: (12/16)\n",
       "    FW_flux_Fram_annual_net          (time, member) float64 ...\n",
       "    FW_flux_Barrow_annual_net        (time, member) float64 ...\n",
       "    FW_flux_Nares_annual_net         (time, member) float64 ...\n",
       "    FW_flux_Davis_annual_net         (time, member) float64 ...\n",
       "    FW_flux_BSO_annual_net           (time, member) float64 ...\n",
       "    FW_flux_Bering_annual_net        (time, member) float64 ...\n",
       "    ...                               ...\n",
       "    Solid_FW_flux_BSO_annual_net     (time, member) float64 ...\n",
       "    Solid_FW_flux_Bering_annual_net  (time, member) float64 ...\n",
       "    runoff_annual                    (time, member) float64 ...\n",
       "    netPrec_annual                   (time, member) float64 ...\n",
       "    Liquid_FW_storage_Arctic_annual  (time, member) float64 ...\n",
       "    Solid_FW_storage_Arctic_annual   (time, member) float64 ...\n",
       "Attributes:\n",
       "    creation_date:   02-Jun-2020 15:38:31\n",
       "    author:          Alexandra Jahn, CU Boulder, alexandra.jahn@colorado.edu\n",
       "    title:           Annual timeseries of freshwater data from the CESM Low W...\n",
       "    description:     Annual mean Freshwater (FW) fluxes and storage relative ...\n",
       "    data_structure:  The data structure is |Ensemble member | Time (in years)..."
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "fp = os.path.join(os.getcwd(),'FW_data_CESM_LW_2006_2100.nc')\n",
    "fw_data = xr.open_dataset(fp)\n",
    "fw_data"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "572f61f4-b3d2-4142-a3e8-9d6606b2d2af",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
 ],
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