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Documentation

Connecting to Cassandra

This section describes how Spark connects to Cassandra and how to execute CQL statements from Spark applications.

Preparing SparkContext to work with Cassandra

To connect your Spark application to Cassandra, set connection options in the SparkConf object. These are prefixed with spark. so that they can be recognized from the spark-shell and set within the $SPARK_HOME/conf/spark-default.conf. The following options are available on SparkConf object:

Property name Description Default value
spark.cassandra.connection.host contact point to connect to the Cassandra cluster address of the Spark master host
spark.cassandra.connection.rpc.port Cassandra thrift port 9160
spark.cassandra.connection.native.port Cassandra native port 9042
spark.cassandra.connection.conf.factory name of a Scala module or class implementing CassandraConnectionFactory providing connections to the Cassandra cluster com.datastax.spark.connector.cql.DefaultConnectionFactory
spark.cassandra.auth.username login name for password authentication
spark.cassandra.auth.password password for password authentication
spark.cassandra.auth.conf.factory name of a Scala module or class implementing AuthConfFactory providing custom authentication configuration com.datastax.spark.connector.cql.DefaultAuthConfFactory

Additionally, the following global system properties are available:

Property name Description Default value
spark.cassandra.connection.keep_alive_ms period of time to keep unused connections open 250 ms
spark.cassandra.connection.timeout_ms maximum period of time to attempt connecting to a node 5000 ms
spark.cassandra.connection.reconnection_delay_ms.min minimum period of time to attempt reconnecting to a dead node 1000 ms
spark.cassandra.connection.reconnection_delay_ms.max maximum period of time to attempt reconnecting to a dead node 60000 ms
spark.cassandra.connection.local_dc the local DC to connect to (other nodes will be ignored) none
spark.cassandra.query.retry.count number of times to retry a timed-out query 10
spark.cassandra.read.timeout_ms maximum period of time to wait for a read to return 12000 ms

Example:

System.setProperty("spark.cassandra.query.retry.count", "1")  // don't retry

val conf = new SparkConf(true)
        .set("spark.cassandra.connection.host", "192.168.123.10")
        .set("spark.cassandra.auth.username", "cassandra")            
        .set("spark.cassandra.auth.password", "cassandra") 
                     
val sc = new SparkContext("spark://192.168.123.10:7077", "test", conf)

To import Cassandra-specific functions on SparkContext and RDD objects, call:

import com.datastax.spark.connector._

Connection management

Whenever you call a method requiring access to Cassandra, the options in the SparkConf object will be used to create a new connection or to borrow one already open from the global connection cache. The initial contact node given in spark.cassandra.connection.host can be any node of the cluster. The driver will fetch the cluster topology from the contact node and will always try to connect to the closest node in the same data center. If possible, connections are established to the same node the task is running on. Consequently, good locality of data can be achieved and the amount of data sent across the network is minimized.

Connections are never made to data centers other than the data center of spark.cassandra.connection.host. If some nodes in the local data center are down and a read or write operation fails, the operation won't be retried on nodes in a different data center. This technique guarantees proper workload isolation so that a huge analytics job won't disturb the realtime part of the system.

Connections are cached internally. If you call two methods needing access to the same Cassandra cluster quickly, one after another, or in parallel from different threads, they will share the same logical connection represented by the underlying Java Driver Cluster object.

Eventually, when all the tasks needing Cassandra connectivity terminate, the connection to the Cassandra cluster will be closed shortly thereafter. The period of time for keeping unused connections open is controlled by the global spark.cassandra.connection.keep_alive_ms system property, which defaults to 250 ms.

Connecting manually to Cassandra

If you ever need to manually connect to Cassandra in order to issue some CQL statements, this driver offers a handy CassandraConnector class which can be initialized from the SparkConf object and provides access to the Cluster and Session objects. CassandraConnector instances are serializable and therefore can be safely used in lambdas passed to Spark transformations.

Assuming an appropriately configured SparkConf object is stored in the conf variable, the following code creates a keyspace and a table:

import com.datastax.spark.connector.cql.CassandraConnector

CassandraConnector(conf).withSessionDo { session =>
  session.execute("CREATE KEYSPACE test2 WITH REPLICATION = {'class': 'SimpleStrategy', 'replication_factor': 1 }")
  session.execute("CREATE TABLE test2.words (word text PRIMARY KEY, count int)")
}

Next - Accessing data