index.js

/*!
 * base-62.js (c) 2015 Brian Norton
 * This library may be freely distributed under the MIT license.
 */
(function(f){if(typeof exports==="object"&&typeof module!=="undefined"){module.exports=f()}else if(typeof define==="function"&&define.amd){define([],f)}else{var g;if(typeof window!=="undefined"){g=window}else if(typeof global!=="undefined"){g=global}else if(typeof self!=="undefined"){g=self}else{g=this}g.base62 = f()}})(function(){var define,module,exports;return (function e(t,n,r){function s(o,u){if(!n[o]){if(!t[o]){var a=typeof require=="function"&&require;if(!u&&a)return a(o,!0);if(i)return i(o,!0);var f=new Error("Cannot find module '"+o+"'");throw f.code="MODULE_NOT_FOUND",f}var l=n[o]={exports:{}};t[o][0].call(l.exports,function(e){var n=t[o][1][e];return s(n?n:e)},l,l.exports,e,t,n,r)}return n[o].exports}var i=typeof require=="function"&&require;for(var o=0;o<r.length;o++)s(r[o]);return s})({1:[function(require,module,exports){
var Big = require('big.js'),
  generate = require('random.js').randomInt,
  characterSet = '0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ';

var Base62 = {
  encode: function(integer) { var original = integer;
    integer = integer.toString();

    try {
      Big(integer)
    } catch(e) {
      console.log('Big init error on ', original, integer);
    }

    var bigInt = Big(integer), result = '';
    if (integer == '0') { return '0'; }

    while (bigInt.gt(0)) {
      result = characterSet[bigInt.mod(62).toFixed()] + result;
      bigInt = Big(bigInt.div(62).toFixed(2).split('.')[0]); // Math.floor() aka round down
    }

    return result;
  },
  decode: function(base62String) {
    base62String = base62String.toString();

    var result = Big(0), big62 = Big(62),
      characters = base62String.split('').reverse();

    characters.forEach(function(character, index) {
      result = result.plus(big62.pow(index).times(characterSet.indexOf(character)));
    });

    return result.toFixed();
  },
  encodeHex: function(hexString) {
    return Base62.encode(hexToInt(hexString.toString()))
  },
  decodeHex: function(base62String) {
    return intToHex(Base62.decode(base62String));
  },
  short: function(id) {
    return id ? Base62.encodeHex(id) : null;
  },
  id: function(short) {
    return short ? Base62.decodeHex(short) : null;
  },
  token: function() {
    return random()+random()+random()+random()+random();
  }
};

function random() {
  return Base62.encode(generate());
}

function intToHex(decStr) {
  var hex = convertBase(decStr, 10, 16);
  return hex ? hex : null;
}

function hexToInt(hexStr) {
  return convertBase(hexStr.toString().toLowerCase(), 16, 10);
}

// START These methods are provided thanks to http://www.danvk.org/hex2dec.html
//
function add(x, y, base) {
  var z = [];
  var n = Math.max(x.length, y.length);
  var carry = 0;
  var i = 0;
  while (i < n || carry) {
    var xi = i < x.length ? x[i] : 0;
    var yi = i < y.length ? y[i] : 0;
    var zi = carry + xi + yi;
    z.push(zi % base);
    carry = Math.floor(zi / base);
    i++;
  }
  return z;
}

function multiplyByNumber(num, x, base) {
  if (num < 0) return null;
  if (num == 0) return [];

  var result = [];
  var power = x;
  while (true) {
    if (num & 1) {
      result = add(result, power, base);
    }
    num = num >> 1;
    if (num === 0) break;
    power = add(power, power, base);
  }

  return result;
}

function parseToDigitsArray(str, base) {
  var digits = str.split('');
  var ary = [];
  for (var i = digits.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
    var n = parseInt(digits[i], base);
    if (isNaN(n)) return null;
    ary.push(n);
  }
  return ary;
}

function convertBase(str, fromBase, toBase) {
  var digits = parseToDigitsArray(str, fromBase);
  if (digits === null) return null;

  var outArray = [];
  var power = [1];
  for (var i = 0; i < digits.length; i++) {
    if (digits[i]) {
      outArray = add(outArray, multiplyByNumber(digits[i], power, toBase), toBase);
    }
    power = multiplyByNumber(fromBase, power, toBase);
  }

  var out = '';
  for (var i = outArray.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
    out += outArray[i].toString(toBase);
  }
  return out;
}
//
// END These methods are provided thanks to http://www.danvk.org/hex2dec.html

module.exports = Base62;

},{"big.js":2,"random.js":3}],2:[function(require,module,exports){
/* big.js v3.0.2 https://github.com/MikeMcl/big.js/LICENCE */
;(function (global) {
    'use strict';

/*
  big.js v3.0.2
  A small, fast, easy-to-use library for arbitrary-precision decimal arithmetic.
  https://github.com/MikeMcl/big.js/
  Copyright (c) 2014 Michael Mclaughlin <M8ch88l@gmail.com>
  MIT Expat Licence
*/

/***************************** EDITABLE DEFAULTS ******************************/

    // The default values below must be integers within the stated ranges.

    /*
     * The maximum number of decimal places of the results of operations
     * involving division: div and sqrt, and pow with negative exponents.
     */
    var DP = 20,                           // 0 to MAX_DP

        /*
         * The rounding mode used when rounding to the above decimal places.
         *
         * 0 Towards zero (i.e. truncate, no rounding).       (ROUND_DOWN)
         * 1 To nearest neighbour. If equidistant, round up.  (ROUND_HALF_UP)
         * 2 To nearest neighbour. If equidistant, to even.   (ROUND_HALF_EVEN)
         * 3 Away from zero.                                  (ROUND_UP)
         */
        RM = 1,                            // 0, 1, 2 or 3

        // The maximum value of DP and Big.DP.
        MAX_DP = 1E6,                      // 0 to 1000000

        // The maximum magnitude of the exponent argument to the pow method.
        MAX_POWER = 1E6,                   // 1 to 1000000

        /*
         * The exponent value at and beneath which toString returns exponential
         * notation.
         * JavaScript's Number type: -7
         * -1000000 is the minimum recommended exponent value of a Big.
         */
        TO_EXP_NEG = -7,                   // 0 to -1000000

        /*
         * The exponent value at and above which toString returns exponential
         * notation.
         * JavaScript's Number type: 21
         * 1000000 is the maximum recommended exponent value of a Big.
         * (This limit is not enforced or checked.)
         */
        TO_EXP_POS = 21,                   // 0 to 1000000

/******************************************************************************/

        // The shared prototype object.
        P = {},
        isValid = /^-?(\d+(\.\d*)?|\.\d+)(e[+-]?\d+)?$/i,
        Big;


    /*
     * Create and return a Big constructor.
     *
     */
    function bigFactory() {

        /*
         * The Big constructor and exported function.
         * Create and return a new instance of a Big number object.
         *
         * n {number|string|Big} A numeric value.
         */
        function Big(n) {
            var x = this;

            // Enable constructor usage without new.
            if (!(x instanceof Big)) {
                return n === void 0 ? bigFactory() : new Big(n);
            }

            // Duplicate.
            if (n instanceof Big) {
                x.s = n.s;
                x.e = n.e;
                x.c = n.c.slice();
            } else {
                parse(x, n);
            }

            /*
             * Retain a reference to this Big constructor, and shadow
             * Big.prototype.constructor which points to Object.
             */
            x.constructor = Big;
        }

        Big.prototype = P;
        Big.DP = DP;
        Big.RM = RM;

        return Big;
    }


    // Private functions


    /*
     * Return a string representing the value of Big x in normal or exponential
     * notation to dp fixed decimal places or significant digits.
     *
     * x {Big} The Big to format.
     * dp {number} Integer, 0 to MAX_DP inclusive.
     * toE {number} 1 (toExponential), 2 (toPrecision) or undefined (toFixed).
     */
    function format(x, dp, toE) {
        var Big = x.constructor,

            // The index (normal notation) of the digit that may be rounded up.
            i = dp - (x = new Big(x)).e,
            c = x.c;

        // Round?
        if (c.length > ++dp) {
            rnd(x, i, Big.RM);
        }

        if (!c[0]) {
            ++i;
        } else if (toE) {
            i = dp;

        // toFixed
        } else {
            c = x.c;

            // Recalculate i as x.e may have changed if value rounded up.
            i = x.e + i + 1;
        }

        // Append zeros?
        for (; c.length < i; c.push(0)) {
        }
        i = x.e;

        /*
         * toPrecision returns exponential notation if the number of
         * significant digits specified is less than the number of digits
         * necessary to represent the integer part of the value in normal
         * notation.
         */
        return toE === 1 || toE && (dp <= i || i <= TO_EXP_NEG) ?

          // Exponential notation.
          (x.s < 0 && c[0] ? '-' : '') +
            (c.length > 1 ? c[0] + '.' + c.join('').slice(1) : c[0]) +
              (i < 0 ? 'e' : 'e+') + i

          // Normal notation.
          : x.toString();
    }


    /*
     * Parse the number or string value passed to a Big constructor.
     *
     * x {Big} A Big number instance.
     * n {number|string} A numeric value.
     */
    function parse(x, n) {
        var e, i, nL;

        // Minus zero?
        if (n === 0 && 1 / n < 0) {
            n = '-0';

        // Ensure n is string and check validity.
        } else if (!isValid.test(n += '')) {
            throwErr(NaN);
        }

        // Determine sign.
        x.s = n.charAt(0) == '-' ? (n = n.slice(1), -1) : 1;

        // Decimal point?
        if ((e = n.indexOf('.')) > -1) {
            n = n.replace('.', '');
        }

        // Exponential form?
        if ((i = n.search(/e/i)) > 0) {

            // Determine exponent.
            if (e < 0) {
                e = i;
            }
            e += +n.slice(i + 1);
            n = n.substring(0, i);

        } else if (e < 0) {

            // Integer.
            e = n.length;
        }

        // Determine leading zeros.
        for (i = 0; n.charAt(i) == '0'; i++) {
        }

        if (i == (nL = n.length)) {

            // Zero.
            x.c = [ x.e = 0 ];
        } else {

            // Determine trailing zeros.
            for (; n.charAt(--nL) == '0';) {
            }

            x.e = e - i - 1;
            x.c = [];

            // Convert string to array of digits without leading/trailing zeros.
            for (e = 0; i <= nL; x.c[e++] = +n.charAt(i++)) {
            }
        }

        return x;
    }


    /*
     * Round Big x to a maximum of dp decimal places using rounding mode rm.
     * Called by div, sqrt and round.
     *
     * x {Big} The Big to round.
     * dp {number} Integer, 0 to MAX_DP inclusive.
     * rm {number} 0, 1, 2 or 3 (DOWN, HALF_UP, HALF_EVEN, UP)
     * [more] {boolean} Whether the result of division was truncated.
     */
    function rnd(x, dp, rm, more) {
        var u,
            xc = x.c,
            i = x.e + dp + 1;

        if (rm === 1) {

            // xc[i] is the digit after the digit that may be rounded up.
            more = xc[i] >= 5;
        } else if (rm === 2) {
            more = xc[i] > 5 || xc[i] == 5 &&
              (more || i < 0 || xc[i + 1] !== u || xc[i - 1] & 1);
        } else if (rm === 3) {
            more = more || xc[i] !== u || i < 0;
        } else {
            more = false;

            if (rm !== 0) {
                throwErr('!Big.RM!');
            }
        }

        if (i < 1 || !xc[0]) {

            if (more) {

                // 1, 0.1, 0.01, 0.001, 0.0001 etc.
                x.e = -dp;
                x.c = [1];
            } else {

                // Zero.
                x.c = [x.e = 0];
            }
        } else {

            // Remove any digits after the required decimal places.
            xc.length = i--;

            // Round up?
            if (more) {

                // Rounding up may mean the previous digit has to be rounded up.
                for (; ++xc[i] > 9;) {
                    xc[i] = 0;

                    if (!i--) {
                        ++x.e;
                        xc.unshift(1);
                    }
                }
            }

            // Remove trailing zeros.
            for (i = xc.length; !xc[--i]; xc.pop()) {
            }
        }

        return x;
    }


    /*
     * Throw a BigError.
     *
     * message {string} The error message.
     */
    function throwErr(message) {
        var err = new Error(message);
        err.name = 'BigError';

        throw err;
    }


    // Prototype/instance methods


    /*
     * Return a new Big whose value is the absolute value of this Big.
     */
    P.abs = function () {
        var x = new this.constructor(this);
        x.s = 1;

        return x;
    };


    /*
     * Return
     * 1 if the value of this Big is greater than the value of Big y,
     * -1 if the value of this Big is less than the value of Big y, or
     * 0 if they have the same value.
    */
    P.cmp = function (y) {
        var xNeg,
            x = this,
            xc = x.c,
            yc = (y = new x.constructor(y)).c,
            i = x.s,
            j = y.s,
            k = x.e,
            l = y.e;

        // Either zero?
        if (!xc[0] || !yc[0]) {
            return !xc[0] ? !yc[0] ? 0 : -j : i;
        }

        // Signs differ?
        if (i != j) {
            return i;
        }
        xNeg = i < 0;

        // Compare exponents.
        if (k != l) {
            return k > l ^ xNeg ? 1 : -1;
        }

        i = -1;
        j = (k = xc.length) < (l = yc.length) ? k : l;

        // Compare digit by digit.
        for (; ++i < j;) {

            if (xc[i] != yc[i]) {
                return xc[i] > yc[i] ^ xNeg ? 1 : -1;
            }
        }

        // Compare lengths.
        return k == l ? 0 : k > l ^ xNeg ? 1 : -1;
    };


    /*
     * Return a new Big whose value is the value of this Big divided by the
     * value of Big y, rounded, if necessary, to a maximum of Big.DP decimal
     * places using rounding mode Big.RM.
     */
    P.div = function (y) {
        var x = this,
            Big = x.constructor,
            // dividend
            dvd = x.c,
            //divisor
            dvs = (y = new Big(y)).c,
            s = x.s == y.s ? 1 : -1,
            dp = Big.DP;

        if (dp !== ~~dp || dp < 0 || dp > MAX_DP) {
            throwErr('!Big.DP!');
        }

        // Either 0?
        if (!dvd[0] || !dvs[0]) {

            // If both are 0, throw NaN
            if (dvd[0] == dvs[0]) {
                throwErr(NaN);
            }

            // If dvs is 0, throw +-Infinity.
            if (!dvs[0]) {
                throwErr(s / 0);
            }

            // dvd is 0, return +-0.
            return new Big(s * 0);
        }

        var dvsL, dvsT, next, cmp, remI, u,
            dvsZ = dvs.slice(),
            dvdI = dvsL = dvs.length,
            dvdL = dvd.length,
            // remainder
            rem = dvd.slice(0, dvsL),
            remL = rem.length,
            // quotient
            q = y,
            qc = q.c = [],
            qi = 0,
            digits = dp + (q.e = x.e - y.e) + 1;

        q.s = s;
        s = digits < 0 ? 0 : digits;

        // Create version of divisor with leading zero.
        dvsZ.unshift(0);

        // Add zeros to make remainder as long as divisor.
        for (; remL++ < dvsL; rem.push(0)) {
        }

        do {

            // 'next' is how many times the divisor goes into current remainder.
            for (next = 0; next < 10; next++) {

                // Compare divisor and remainder.
                if (dvsL != (remL = rem.length)) {
                    cmp = dvsL > remL ? 1 : -1;
                } else {

                    for (remI = -1, cmp = 0; ++remI < dvsL;) {

                        if (dvs[remI] != rem[remI]) {
                            cmp = dvs[remI] > rem[remI] ? 1 : -1;
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                }

                // If divisor < remainder, subtract divisor from remainder.
                if (cmp < 0) {

                    // Remainder can't be more than 1 digit longer than divisor.
                    // Equalise lengths using divisor with extra leading zero?
                    for (dvsT = remL == dvsL ? dvs : dvsZ; remL;) {

                        if (rem[--remL] < dvsT[remL]) {
                            remI = remL;

                            for (; remI && !rem[--remI]; rem[remI] = 9) {
                            }
                            --rem[remI];
                            rem[remL] += 10;
                        }
                        rem[remL] -= dvsT[remL];
                    }
                    for (; !rem[0]; rem.shift()) {
                    }
                } else {
                    break;
                }
            }

            // Add the 'next' digit to the result array.
            qc[qi++] = cmp ? next : ++next;

            // Update the remainder.
            if (rem[0] && cmp) {
                rem[remL] = dvd[dvdI] || 0;
            } else {
                rem = [ dvd[dvdI] ];
            }

        } while ((dvdI++ < dvdL || rem[0] !== u) && s--);

        // Leading zero? Do not remove if result is simply zero (qi == 1).
        if (!qc[0] && qi != 1) {

            // There can't be more than one zero.
            qc.shift();
            q.e--;
        }

        // Round?
        if (qi > digits) {
            rnd(q, dp, Big.RM, rem[0] !== u);
        }

        return q;
    };


    /*
     * Return true if the value of this Big is equal to the value of Big y,
     * otherwise returns false.
     */
    P.eq = function (y) {
        return !this.cmp(y);
    };


    /*
     * Return true if the value of this Big is greater than the value of Big y,
     * otherwise returns false.
     */
    P.gt = function (y) {
        return this.cmp(y) > 0;
    };


    /*
     * Return true if the value of this Big is greater than or equal to the
     * value of Big y, otherwise returns false.
     */
    P.gte = function (y) {
        return this.cmp(y) > -1;
    };


    /*
     * Return true if the value of this Big is less than the value of Big y,
     * otherwise returns false.
     */
    P.lt = function (y) {
        return this.cmp(y) < 0;
    };


    /*
     * Return true if the value of this Big is less than or equal to the value
     * of Big y, otherwise returns false.
     */
    P.lte = function (y) {
         return this.cmp(y) < 1;
    };


    /*
     * Return a new Big whose value is the value of this Big minus the value
     * of Big y.
     */
    P.sub = P.minus = function (y) {
        var i, j, t, xLTy,
            x = this,
            Big = x.constructor,
            a = x.s,
            b = (y = new Big(y)).s;

        // Signs differ?
        if (a != b) {
            y.s = -b;
            return x.plus(y);
        }

        var xc = x.c.slice(),
            xe = x.e,
            yc = y.c,
            ye = y.e;

        // Either zero?
        if (!xc[0] || !yc[0]) {

            // y is non-zero? x is non-zero? Or both are zero.
            return yc[0] ? (y.s = -b, y) : new Big(xc[0] ? x : 0);
        }

        // Determine which is the bigger number.
        // Prepend zeros to equalise exponents.
        if (a = xe - ye) {

            if (xLTy = a < 0) {
                a = -a;
                t = xc;
            } else {
                ye = xe;
                t = yc;
            }

            t.reverse();
            for (b = a; b--; t.push(0)) {
            }
            t.reverse();
        } else {

            // Exponents equal. Check digit by digit.
            j = ((xLTy = xc.length < yc.length) ? xc : yc).length;

            for (a = b = 0; b < j; b++) {

                if (xc[b] != yc[b]) {
                    xLTy = xc[b] < yc[b];
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        // x < y? Point xc to the array of the bigger number.
        if (xLTy) {
            t = xc;
            xc = yc;
            yc = t;
            y.s = -y.s;
        }

        /*
         * Append zeros to xc if shorter. No need to add zeros to yc if shorter
         * as subtraction only needs to start at yc.length.
         */
        if (( b = (j = yc.length) - (i = xc.length) ) > 0) {

            for (; b--; xc[i++] = 0) {
            }
        }

        // Subtract yc from xc.
        for (b = i; j > a;){

            if (xc[--j] < yc[j]) {

                for (i = j; i && !xc[--i]; xc[i] = 9) {
                }
                --xc[i];
                xc[j] += 10;
            }
            xc[j] -= yc[j];
        }

        // Remove trailing zeros.
        for (; xc[--b] === 0; xc.pop()) {
        }

        // Remove leading zeros and adjust exponent accordingly.
        for (; xc[0] === 0;) {
            xc.shift();
            --ye;
        }

        if (!xc[0]) {

            // n - n = +0
            y.s = 1;

            // Result must be zero.
            xc = [ye = 0];
        }

        y.c = xc;
        y.e = ye;

        return y;
    };


    /*
     * Return a new Big whose value is the value of this Big modulo the
     * value of Big y.
     */
    P.mod = function (y) {
        var yGTx,
            x = this,
            Big = x.constructor,
            a = x.s,
            b = (y = new Big(y)).s;

        if (!y.c[0]) {
            throwErr(NaN);
        }

        x.s = y.s = 1;
        yGTx = y.cmp(x) == 1;
        x.s = a;
        y.s = b;

        if (yGTx) {
            return new Big(x);
        }

        a = Big.DP;
        b = Big.RM;
        Big.DP = Big.RM = 0;
        x = x.div(y);
        Big.DP = a;
        Big.RM = b;

        return this.minus( x.times(y) );
    };


    /*
     * Return a new Big whose value is the value of this Big plus the value
     * of Big y.
     */
    P.add = P.plus = function (y) {
        var t,
            x = this,
            Big = x.constructor,
            a = x.s,
            b = (y = new Big(y)).s;

        // Signs differ?
        if (a != b) {
            y.s = -b;
            return x.minus(y);
        }

        var xe = x.e,
            xc = x.c,
            ye = y.e,
            yc = y.c;

        // Either zero?
        if (!xc[0] || !yc[0]) {

            // y is non-zero? x is non-zero? Or both are zero.
            return yc[0] ? y : new Big(xc[0] ? x : a * 0);
        }
        xc = xc.slice();

        // Prepend zeros to equalise exponents.
        // Note: Faster to use reverse then do unshifts.
        if (a = xe - ye) {

            if (a > 0) {
                ye = xe;
                t = yc;
            } else {
                a = -a;
                t = xc;
            }

            t.reverse();
            for (; a--; t.push(0)) {
            }
            t.reverse();
        }

        // Point xc to the longer array.
        if (xc.length - yc.length < 0) {
            t = yc;
            yc = xc;
            xc = t;
        }
        a = yc.length;

        /*
         * Only start adding at yc.length - 1 as the further digits of xc can be
         * left as they are.
         */
        for (b = 0; a;) {
            b = (xc[--a] = xc[a] + yc[a] + b) / 10 | 0;
            xc[a] %= 10;
        }

        // No need to check for zero, as +x + +y != 0 && -x + -y != 0

        if (b) {
            xc.unshift(b);
            ++ye;
        }

         // Remove trailing zeros.
        for (a = xc.length; xc[--a] === 0; xc.pop()) {
        }

        y.c = xc;
        y.e = ye;

        return y;
    };


    /*
     * Return a Big whose value is the value of this Big raised to the power n.
     * If n is negative, round, if necessary, to a maximum of Big.DP decimal
     * places using rounding mode Big.RM.
     *
     * n {number} Integer, -MAX_POWER to MAX_POWER inclusive.
     */
    P.pow = function (n) {
        var x = this,
            one = new x.constructor(1),
            y = one,
            isNeg = n < 0;

        if (n !== ~~n || n < -MAX_POWER || n > MAX_POWER) {
            throwErr('!pow!');
        }

        n = isNeg ? -n : n;

        for (;;) {

            if (n & 1) {
                y = y.times(x);
            }
            n >>= 1;

            if (!n) {
                break;
            }
            x = x.times(x);
        }

        return isNeg ? one.div(y) : y;
    };


    /*
     * Return a new Big whose value is the value of this Big rounded to a
     * maximum of dp decimal places using rounding mode rm.
     * If dp is not specified, round to 0 decimal places.
     * If rm is not specified, use Big.RM.
     *
     * [dp] {number} Integer, 0 to MAX_DP inclusive.
     * [rm] 0, 1, 2 or 3 (ROUND_DOWN, ROUND_HALF_UP, ROUND_HALF_EVEN, ROUND_UP)
     */
    P.round = function (dp, rm) {
        var x = this,
            Big = x.constructor;

        if (dp == null) {
            dp = 0;
        } else if (dp !== ~~dp || dp < 0 || dp > MAX_DP) {
            throwErr('!round!');
        }
        rnd(x = new Big(x), dp, rm == null ? Big.RM : rm);

        return x;
    };


    /*
     * Return a new Big whose value is the square root of the value of this Big,
     * rounded, if necessary, to a maximum of Big.DP decimal places using
     * rounding mode Big.RM.
     */
    P.sqrt = function () {
        var estimate, r, approx,
            x = this,
            Big = x.constructor,
            xc = x.c,
            i = x.s,
            e = x.e,
            half = new Big('0.5');

        // Zero?
        if (!xc[0]) {
            return new Big(x);
        }

        // If negative, throw NaN.
        if (i < 0) {
            throwErr(NaN);
        }

        // Estimate.
        i = Math.sqrt(x.toString());

        // Math.sqrt underflow/overflow?
        // Pass x to Math.sqrt as integer, then adjust the result exponent.
        if (i === 0 || i === 1 / 0) {
            estimate = xc.join('');

            if (!(estimate.length + e & 1)) {
                estimate += '0';
            }

            r = new Big( Math.sqrt(estimate).toString() );
            r.e = ((e + 1) / 2 | 0) - (e < 0 || e & 1);
        } else {
            r = new Big(i.toString());
        }

        i = r.e + (Big.DP += 4);

        // Newton-Raphson iteration.
        do {
            approx = r;
            r = half.times( approx.plus( x.div(approx) ) );
        } while ( approx.c.slice(0, i).join('') !==
                       r.c.slice(0, i).join('') );

        rnd(r, Big.DP -= 4, Big.RM);

        return r;
    };


    /*
     * Return a new Big whose value is the value of this Big times the value of
     * Big y.
     */
    P.mul = P.times = function (y) {
        var c,
            x = this,
            Big = x.constructor,
            xc = x.c,
            yc = (y = new Big(y)).c,
            a = xc.length,
            b = yc.length,
            i = x.e,
            j = y.e;

        // Determine sign of result.
        y.s = x.s == y.s ? 1 : -1;

        // Return signed 0 if either 0.
        if (!xc[0] || !yc[0]) {
            return new Big(y.s * 0);
        }

        // Initialise exponent of result as x.e + y.e.
        y.e = i + j;

        // If array xc has fewer digits than yc, swap xc and yc, and lengths.
        if (a < b) {
            c = xc;
            xc = yc;
            yc = c;
            j = a;
            a = b;
            b = j;
        }

        // Initialise coefficient array of result with zeros.
        for (c = new Array(j = a + b); j--; c[j] = 0) {
        }

        // Multiply.

        // i is initially xc.length.
        for (i = b; i--;) {
            b = 0;

            // a is yc.length.
            for (j = a + i; j > i;) {

                // Current sum of products at this digit position, plus carry.
                b = c[j] + yc[i] * xc[j - i - 1] + b;
                c[j--] = b % 10;

                // carry
                b = b / 10 | 0;
            }
            c[j] = (c[j] + b) % 10;
        }

        // Increment result exponent if there is a final carry.
        if (b) {
            ++y.e;
        }

        // Remove any leading zero.
        if (!c[0]) {
            c.shift();
        }

        // Remove trailing zeros.
        for (i = c.length; !c[--i]; c.pop()) {
        }
        y.c = c;

        return y;
    };


    /*
     * Return a string representing the value of this Big.
     * Return exponential notation if this Big has a positive exponent equal to
     * or greater than TO_EXP_POS, or a negative exponent equal to or less than
     * TO_EXP_NEG.
     */
    P.toString = P.valueOf = P.toJSON = function () {
        var x = this,
            e = x.e,
            str = x.c.join(''),
            strL = str.length;

        // Exponential notation?
        if (e <= TO_EXP_NEG || e >= TO_EXP_POS) {
            str = str.charAt(0) + (strL > 1 ? '.' + str.slice(1) : '') +
              (e < 0 ? 'e' : 'e+') + e;

        // Negative exponent?
        } else if (e < 0) {

            // Prepend zeros.
            for (; ++e; str = '0' + str) {
            }
            str = '0.' + str;

        // Positive exponent?
        } else if (e > 0) {

            if (++e > strL) {

                // Append zeros.
                for (e -= strL; e-- ; str += '0') {
                }
            } else if (e < strL) {
                str = str.slice(0, e) + '.' + str.slice(e);
            }

        // Exponent zero.
        } else if (strL > 1) {
            str = str.charAt(0) + '.' + str.slice(1);
        }

        // Avoid '-0'
        return x.s < 0 && x.c[0] ? '-' + str : str;
    };


    /*
     ***************************************************************************
     * If toExponential, toFixed, toPrecision and format are not required they
     * can safely be commented-out or deleted. No redundant code will be left.
     * format is used only by toExponential, toFixed and toPrecision.
     ***************************************************************************
     */


    /*
     * Return a string representing the value of this Big in exponential
     * notation to dp fixed decimal places and rounded, if necessary, using
     * Big.RM.
     *
     * [dp] {number} Integer, 0 to MAX_DP inclusive.
     */
    P.toExponential = function (dp) {

        if (dp == null) {
            dp = this.c.length - 1;
        } else if (dp !== ~~dp || dp < 0 || dp > MAX_DP) {
            throwErr('!toExp!');
        }

        return format(this, dp, 1);
    };


    /*
     * Return a string representing the value of this Big in normal notation
     * to dp fixed decimal places and rounded, if necessary, using Big.RM.
     *
     * [dp] {number} Integer, 0 to MAX_DP inclusive.
     */
    P.toFixed = function (dp) {
        var str,
            x = this,
            neg = TO_EXP_NEG,
            pos = TO_EXP_POS;

        // Prevent the possibility of exponential notation.
        TO_EXP_NEG = -(TO_EXP_POS = 1 / 0);

        if (dp == null) {
            str = x.toString();
        } else if (dp === ~~dp && dp >= 0 && dp <= MAX_DP) {
            str = format(x, x.e + dp);

            // (-0).toFixed() is '0', but (-0.1).toFixed() is '-0'.
            // (-0).toFixed(1) is '0.0', but (-0.01).toFixed(1) is '-0.0'.
            if (x.s < 0 && x.c[0] && str.indexOf('-') < 0) {
        //E.g. -0.5 if rounded to -0 will cause toString to omit the minus sign.
                str = '-' + str;
            }
        }
        TO_EXP_NEG = neg;
        TO_EXP_POS = pos;

        if (!str) {
            throwErr('!toFix!');
        }

        return str;
    };


    /*
     * Return a string representing the value of this Big rounded to sd
     * significant digits using Big.RM. Use exponential notation if sd is less
     * than the number of digits necessary to represent the integer part of the
     * value in normal notation.
     *
     * sd {number} Integer, 1 to MAX_DP inclusive.
     */
    P.toPrecision = function (sd) {

        if (sd == null) {
            return this.toString();
        } else if (sd !== ~~sd || sd < 1 || sd > MAX_DP) {
            throwErr('!toPre!');
        }

        return format(this, sd - 1, 2);
    };


    // Export


    Big = bigFactory();

    //AMD.
    if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) {
        define(function () {
            return Big;
        });

    // Node and other CommonJS-like environments that support module.exports.
    } else if (typeof module !== 'undefined' && module.exports) {
        module.exports = Big;

    //Browser.
    } else {
        global.Big = Big;
    }
})(this);

},{}],3:[function(require,module,exports){
/*!
* @fn randomInt(options)
* @brief generate random integers
* @param options.min the minimum value (default: 0)
* @param options.max the maximum value (default: 4294967295)
* @return an integer between the min/max bounds
*/
randomInt = function(options)
{
	if (options === undefined || options === null)
		options = {}
	if (options.min === undefined || options === null)
		options.min = 0
	if (options.max === undefined || options === null)
		options.max = 4294967295
	if (options.min > options.max) {
		var tmp = options.min
		options.min = options.max
		options.max = tmp
	}

	return Math.floor((Math.random() * (options.max - options.min)) + options.min)
}

/*!
* @fn randomFloat(options)
* @brief generate random floats
* @param options.min the minimum value (default: 0.0)
* @param options.max the maximum value (default: 1.0)
* @return a float between the min/max bounds
*/
randomFloat = function(options)
{
	if (options === undefined || options === null)
		options = {}
	if (options.min === undefined || options === null)
		options.min = 0.0
	if (options.max === undefined || options === null)
		options.max = 1.0

	return (Math.random() * (options.max - options.min)) + options.min
}

/*!
 * @fn randomString(options)
 * @brief generate random strings
 * @param options.length the length of the string to generate (default: 20)
 * @param options.set one of alpha|numeric|alphanum|hex|custom (default: alphanum)
 * @param options.custom if set is custom, provides a set of characters used for the string generation (string or array)
 * @returns a string containing random characters from the selected set of the given length
 * @discussion when generating a string of hexadecimal set, the alpha-characters are uppercase, use .toLowerCase() on the result to switch to lowercase
 */
randomString = function(options)
{
	if (options === undefined || options === null)
		options = {}
	if (options.length === undefined || options.length === null)
		options.length = 20
	if (options.set === undefined || options.set === null)
		options.set = "alphanum"

	var charset
	switch (options.set)
	{
		case "alpha":
			charset = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
			break

		case "alphanum":
			charset = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789"
			break

		case "num":
			charset = "0123456789"
			break

		case "hex":
			charset = "0123456789ABCDEF"
			break

		case "custom":
			if (options.custom === undefined || options.custom === null) {
				console.error("can't generate a random string with custom set of characters if options.custom is null or undefined")
				return ""
			}
			charset = options.custom
			break
	}

	var result = ""
	for (var i = 0; i < options.length; i++) {
		var int = randomInt({min: 0, max: charset.length})
		result += charset[int]
	}
	return result
}

module.exports.randomInt = randomInt
module.exports.randomFloat = randomFloat
module.exports.randomString = randomString

},{}]},{},[1])(1)
});