diff --git a/automod/action_dedupe_test.go b/automod/action_dedupe_test.go
index 64462626c..efb28d79a 100644
--- a/automod/action_dedupe_test.go
+++ b/automod/action_dedupe_test.go
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	appbsky "github.com/bluesky-social/indigo/api/bsky"
 	"github.com/bluesky-social/indigo/atproto/identity"
 	"github.com/bluesky-social/indigo/atproto/syntax"
+	"github.com/bluesky-social/indigo/automod/countstore"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 )
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ func TestAccountReportDedupe(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.NoError(engine.ProcessRecord(ctx, id1.DID, path, cid1, &p1))
 	}
 
-	reports, err := engine.GetCount("automod-quota", "report", PeriodDay)
+	reports, err := engine.GetCount("automod-quota", "report", countstore.PeriodDay)
 	assert.NoError(err)
 	assert.Equal(1, reports)
 }
diff --git a/automod/capture_test.go b/automod/capture_test.go
index d5e6ee255..933888ba9 100644
--- a/automod/capture_test.go
+++ b/automod/capture_test.go
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package automod
 import (
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/bluesky-social/indigo/automod/countstore"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 )
 
@@ -12,10 +13,10 @@ func TestNoOpCaptureReplyRule(t *testing.T) {
 	engine := EngineTestFixture()
 	capture := MustLoadCapture("testdata/capture_atprotocom.json")
 	assert.NoError(ProcessCaptureRules(&engine, capture))
-	c, err := engine.GetCount("automod-quota", "report", PeriodDay)
+	c, err := engine.GetCount("automod-quota", "report", countstore.PeriodDay)
 	assert.NoError(err)
 	assert.Equal(0, c)
-	c, err = engine.GetCount("automod-quota", "takedown", PeriodDay)
+	c, err = engine.GetCount("automod-quota", "takedown", countstore.PeriodDay)
 	assert.NoError(err)
 	assert.Equal(0, c)
 }
diff --git a/automod/circuit_breaker_test.go b/automod/circuit_breaker_test.go
index cd33dd770..3e55e7a73 100644
--- a/automod/circuit_breaker_test.go
+++ b/automod/circuit_breaker_test.go
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	appbsky "github.com/bluesky-social/indigo/api/bsky"
 	"github.com/bluesky-social/indigo/atproto/identity"
 	"github.com/bluesky-social/indigo/atproto/syntax"
+	"github.com/bluesky-social/indigo/automod/countstore"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 )
@@ -49,11 +50,11 @@ func TestTakedownCircuitBreaker(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.NoError(engine.ProcessRecord(ctx, ident.DID, path, cid1, &p1))
 	}
 
-	takedowns, err := engine.GetCount("automod-quota", "takedown", PeriodDay)
+	takedowns, err := engine.GetCount("automod-quota", "takedown", countstore.PeriodDay)
 	assert.NoError(err)
 	assert.Equal(QuotaModTakedownDay, takedowns)
 
-	reports, err := engine.GetCount("automod-quota", "report", PeriodDay)
+	reports, err := engine.GetCount("automod-quota", "report", countstore.PeriodDay)
 	assert.NoError(err)
 	assert.Equal(0, reports)
 }
@@ -84,11 +85,11 @@ func TestReportCircuitBreaker(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.NoError(engine.ProcessRecord(ctx, ident.DID, path, cid1, &p1))
 	}
 
-	takedowns, err := engine.GetCount("automod-quota", "takedown", PeriodDay)
+	takedowns, err := engine.GetCount("automod-quota", "takedown", countstore.PeriodDay)
 	assert.NoError(err)
 	assert.Equal(0, takedowns)
 
-	reports, err := engine.GetCount("automod-quota", "report", PeriodDay)
+	reports, err := engine.GetCount("automod-quota", "report", countstore.PeriodDay)
 	assert.NoError(err)
 	assert.Equal(QuotaModReportDay, reports)
 }
diff --git a/automod/countstore.go b/automod/countstore.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 4011eb062..000000000
--- a/automod/countstore.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,99 +0,0 @@
-package automod
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"fmt"
-	"log/slog"
-	"time"
-)
-
-const (
-	PeriodTotal = "total"
-	PeriodDay   = "day"
-	PeriodHour  = "hour"
-)
-
-type CountStore interface {
-	GetCount(ctx context.Context, name, val, period string) (int, error)
-	Increment(ctx context.Context, name, val string) error
-	IncrementPeriod(ctx context.Context, name, val, period string) error
-	// TODO: batch increment method
-	GetCountDistinct(ctx context.Context, name, bucket, period string) (int, error)
-	IncrementDistinct(ctx context.Context, name, bucket, val string) error
-}
-
-// TODO: this implementation isn't race-safe (yet)!
-type MemCountStore struct {
-	Counts         map[string]int
-	DistinctCounts map[string]map[string]bool
-}
-
-func NewMemCountStore() MemCountStore {
-	return MemCountStore{
-		Counts:         make(map[string]int),
-		DistinctCounts: make(map[string]map[string]bool),
-	}
-}
-
-func PeriodBucket(name, val, period string) string {
-	switch period {
-	case PeriodTotal:
-		return fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", name, val)
-	case PeriodDay:
-		t := time.Now().UTC().Format(time.DateOnly)
-		return fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s/%s", name, val, t)
-	case PeriodHour:
-		t := time.Now().UTC().Format(time.RFC3339)[0:13]
-		return fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s/%s", name, val, t)
-	default:
-		slog.Warn("unhandled counter period", "period", period)
-		return fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", name, val)
-	}
-}
-
-func (s MemCountStore) GetCount(ctx context.Context, name, val, period string) (int, error) {
-	v, ok := s.Counts[PeriodBucket(name, val, period)]
-	if !ok {
-		return 0, nil
-	}
-	return v, nil
-}
-
-func (s MemCountStore) Increment(ctx context.Context, name, val string) error {
-	for _, p := range []string{PeriodTotal, PeriodDay, PeriodHour} {
-		s.IncrementPeriod(ctx, name, val, p)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (s MemCountStore) IncrementPeriod(ctx context.Context, name, val, period string) error {
-	k := PeriodBucket(name, val, period)
-	v, ok := s.Counts[k]
-	if !ok {
-		v = 0
-	}
-	v = v + 1
-	s.Counts[k] = v
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (s MemCountStore) GetCountDistinct(ctx context.Context, name, bucket, period string) (int, error) {
-	v, ok := s.DistinctCounts[PeriodBucket(name, bucket, period)]
-	if !ok {
-		return 0, nil
-	}
-	return len(v), nil
-}
-
-func (s MemCountStore) IncrementDistinct(ctx context.Context, name, bucket, val string) error {
-	for _, p := range []string{PeriodTotal, PeriodDay, PeriodHour} {
-		k := PeriodBucket(name, bucket, p)
-		m, ok := s.DistinctCounts[k]
-		if !ok {
-			m = make(map[string]bool)
-		}
-		m[val] = true
-		s.DistinctCounts[k] = m
-	}
-	return nil
-}
diff --git a/automod/event.go b/automod/event.go
index b3f1eef92..6d32881ab 100644
--- a/automod/event.go
+++ b/automod/event.go
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 	comatproto "github.com/bluesky-social/indigo/api/atproto"
 	appbsky "github.com/bluesky-social/indigo/api/bsky"
 	"github.com/bluesky-social/indigo/atproto/syntax"
+	"github.com/bluesky-social/indigo/automod/countstore"
 	"github.com/bluesky-social/indigo/xrpc"
 )
 
@@ -205,7 +206,7 @@ func dedupeReportActions(evt *RepoEvent, reports []ModReport) []ModReport {
 	newReports := []ModReport{}
 	for _, r := range reports {
 		counterName := "automod-account-report-" + reasonShortName(r.ReasonType)
-		existing := evt.GetCount(counterName, evt.Account.Identity.DID.String(), PeriodDay)
+		existing := evt.GetCount(counterName, evt.Account.Identity.DID.String(), countstore.PeriodDay)
 		if existing > 0 {
 			evt.Logger.Debug("skipping account report due to counter", "existing", existing, "reason", reasonShortName(r.ReasonType))
 		} else {
@@ -220,7 +221,7 @@ func circuitBreakReports(evt *RepoEvent, reports []ModReport) []ModReport {
 	if len(reports) == 0 {
 		return []ModReport{}
 	}
-	if evt.GetCount("automod-quota", "report", PeriodDay) >= QuotaModReportDay {
+	if evt.GetCount("automod-quota", "report", countstore.PeriodDay) >= QuotaModReportDay {
 		evt.Logger.Warn("CIRCUIT BREAKER: automod reports")
 		return []ModReport{}
 	}
@@ -232,7 +233,7 @@ func circuitBreakTakedown(evt *RepoEvent, takedown bool) bool {
 	if !takedown {
 		return takedown
 	}
-	if evt.GetCount("automod-quota", "takedown", PeriodDay) >= QuotaModTakedownDay {
+	if evt.GetCount("automod-quota", "takedown", countstore.PeriodDay) >= QuotaModTakedownDay {
 		evt.Logger.Warn("CIRCUIT BREAKER: automod takedowns")
 		return false
 	}
diff --git a/automod/rules/mentions.go b/automod/rules/mentions.go
index 7ba745936..b877c4833 100644
--- a/automod/rules/mentions.go
+++ b/automod/rules/mentions.go
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package rules
 import (
 	appbsky "github.com/bluesky-social/indigo/api/bsky"
 	"github.com/bluesky-social/indigo/automod"
+	"github.com/bluesky-social/indigo/automod/countstore"
 )
 
 var _ automod.PostRuleFunc = DistinctMentionsRule
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ func DistinctMentionsRule(evt *automod.RecordEvent, post *appbsky.FeedPost) erro
 	if !newMentions {
 		return nil
 	}
-	if mentionHourlyThreshold <= evt.GetCountDistinct("mentions", did, automod.PeriodHour) {
+	if mentionHourlyThreshold <= evt.GetCountDistinct("mentions", did, countstore.PeriodHour) {
 		evt.AddAccountFlag("high-distinct-mentions")
 	}
 
diff --git a/automod/rules/replies.go b/automod/rules/replies.go
index 5764bdef5..9c05687d1 100644
--- a/automod/rules/replies.go
+++ b/automod/rules/replies.go
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ func IdenticalReplyPostRule(evt *automod.RecordEvent, post *appbsky.FeedPost) er
 	}
 
 	// increment first. use a specific period (IncrementPeriod()) to reduce the number of counters (one per unique post text)
-	period := automod.PeriodDay
+	period := countstore.PeriodDay
 	bucket := evt.Account.Identity.DID.String() + "/" + HashOfString(post.Text)
 	evt.IncrementPeriod("reply-text", bucket, period)
 
diff --git a/automod/testing.go b/automod/testing.go
index aa0762c83..80f97c976 100644
--- a/automod/testing.go
+++ b/automod/testing.go
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import (
 	appbsky "github.com/bluesky-social/indigo/api/bsky"
 	"github.com/bluesky-social/indigo/atproto/identity"
 	"github.com/bluesky-social/indigo/atproto/syntax"
+	"github.com/bluesky-social/indigo/automod/countstore"
 )
 
 func simpleRule(evt *RecordEvent, post *appbsky.FeedPost) error {
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ func EngineTestFixture() Engine {
 	engine := Engine{
 		Logger:    slog.Default(),
 		Directory: &dir,
-		Counters:  NewMemCountStore(),
+		Counters:  countstore.NewMemCountStore(),
 		Sets:      sets,
 		Flags:     flags,
 		Cache:     cache,