src/notebooks/huc8_streamflow_query.ipynb

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    "# Benchmark HUC8 Streamflow Aggregation Queries\n",
    "\n",
    "This notebook show how to query the NWM reanalysis dataset using HUC8s in various ways, time the queries, and save the results in a CSV."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "725ea00f",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Setup"
   ]
  },
  {
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   "execution_count": 19,
   "id": "af13b882",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stderr",
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     "text": [
      "/opt/conda/lib/python3.9/site-packages/distributed/node.py:180: UserWarning: Port 8787 is already in use.\n",
      "Perhaps you already have a cluster running?\n",
      "Hosting the HTTP server on port 40565 instead\n",
      "  warnings.warn(\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import json\n",
    "from os.path import join\n",
    "import time\n",
    "\n",
    "import tqdm\n",
    "import geopandas as gpd\n",
    "import xarray as xr\n",
    "import fsspec\n",
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "import pyproj\n",
    "from dask.distributed import Client\n",
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "import pandas as pd\n",
    "import fsspec\n",
    "\n",
    "%matplotlib inline\n",
    "\n",
    "def get_json(uri):\n",
    "    with fsspec.open(uri) as fd:\n",
    "        return json.load(fd)\n",
    "\n",
    "client = Client()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "id": "511b79fb",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Set various URIs.\n",
    "\n",
    "# Location of HUC8 extract JSON files.\n",
    "huc8_root_uri = 's3://azavea-noaa-hydro-data/noaa/huc8-extracts/transformed/'\n",
    "\n",
    "# The CHRTOUT data from the NWM Retrospective Zarr 2.1 dataset\n",
    "# This has \"Streamflow values at points associated with flow lines\" \n",
    "# See https://registry.opendata.aws/nwm-archive/\n",
    "nwm_uri = 's3://noaa-nwm-retrospective-2-1-zarr-pds/chrtout.zarr'\n",
    "\n",
    "# URI of CSV with timings for different queries. This URI should be updated each time this notebook is run.\n",
    "timings_uri = 's3://azavea-noaa-hydro-data/esip-experiments/benchmarks/test-06-27-2021a.csv'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "id": "bbb64b2c",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Get COMIDs for a HUC8 around Philly from a HUC8 extract on S3.\n",
    "# Each COMID represents a stream reach.\n",
    "# TODO: run this with multiple HUC8s.\n",
    "philly_huc8 = '02040202'\n",
    "huc8_uri = join(huc8_root_uri, f'{philly_huc8}.json')\n",
    "\n",
    "huc8_dict = get_json(huc8_uri)\n",
    "comids = huc8_dict['features'][0]['properties']['comids']\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "79d353ba",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Query NWM"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "id": "4ffebf55",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
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       "</style><pre class='xr-text-repr-fallback'>&lt;xarray.Dataset&gt;\n",
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       "Attributes:\n",
       "    TITLE:                OUTPUT FROM WRF-Hydro v5.2.0-beta2\n",
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       "    proj4:                +proj=lcc +units=m +a=6370000.0 +b=6370000.0 +lat_1...</pre><div class='xr-wrap' style='display:none'><div class='xr-header'><div class='xr-obj-type'>xarray.Dataset</div></div><ul class='xr-sections'><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-30fd4bed-aec1-472f-a8b2-4f3aba6a633a' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox' disabled ><label for='section-30fd4bed-aec1-472f-a8b2-4f3aba6a633a' class='xr-section-summary'  title='Expand/collapse section'>Dimensions:</label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'><ul class='xr-dim-list'><li><span class='xr-has-index'>feature_id</span>: 2776738</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>time</span>: 367439</li></ul></div><div class='xr-section-details'></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-3978f8b8-28a0-400a-a920-11456a1b2121' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-3978f8b8-28a0-400a-a920-11456a1b2121' class='xr-section-summary' >Coordinates: <span>(7)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>elevation</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>dask.array&lt;chunksize=(2776738,), meta=np.ndarray&gt;</div><input id='attrs-f307cf8a-713c-44db-b7ea-552461473778' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-f307cf8a-713c-44db-b7ea-552461473778' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-bd09ff52-e5dd-42f1-9058-cb5cb746af67' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-bd09ff52-e5dd-42f1-9058-cb5cb746af67' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>feature elevation</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>meters</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><table>\n",
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       "                    <th> Type </th>\n",
       "                    <td> float32 </td>\n",
       "                    <td> numpy.ndarray </td>\n",
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       "        </td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "</table></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>feature_id</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>int32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>101 179 ... 1180001803 1180001804</div><input id='attrs-2f002c13-2815-479e-8ee5-5041ee7da859' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-2f002c13-2815-479e-8ee5-5041ee7da859' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-890b104f-9dd8-4c4a-a2e1-ecc0b3d08482' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-890b104f-9dd8-4c4a-a2e1-ecc0b3d08482' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>cf_role :</span></dt><dd>timeseries_id</dd><dt><span>comment :</span></dt><dd>NHDPlusv2 ComIDs within CONUS, arbitrary Reach IDs outside of CONUS</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Reach ID</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([       101,        179,        181, ..., 1180001802, 1180001803,\n",
       "       1180001804], dtype=int32)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>gage_id</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>|S15</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>dask.array&lt;chunksize=(2776738,), meta=np.ndarray&gt;</div><input id='attrs-a204b33e-b02e-4084-9450-80a78d818e47' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-a204b33e-b02e-4084-9450-80a78d818e47' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-c5538bb5-935d-4abb-ae4f-702e95b91128' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-c5538bb5-935d-4abb-ae4f-702e95b91128' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>coordinates :</span></dt><dd>lat lon</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>NHD Gage Event ID from SOURCE_FEA field in Gages feature class</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><table>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "        <td>\n",
       "            <table>\n",
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       "                    <tr>\n",
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       "                <tbody>\n",
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       "                        <td> 39.72 MiB </td>\n",
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       "                        <td> (2776738,) </td>\n",
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       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Count </th>\n",
       "                        <td> 2 Tasks </td>\n",
       "                        <td> 1 Chunks </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                    <th> Type </th>\n",
       "                    <td> |S15 </td>\n",
       "                    <td> numpy.ndarray </td>\n",
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       "        </td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "</table></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>latitude</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>dask.array&lt;chunksize=(2776738,), meta=np.ndarray&gt;</div><input id='attrs-9bc022af-1802-4de8-a71d-70d9e533878d' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-9bc022af-1802-4de8-a71d-70d9e533878d' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-874740a5-6b3c-42cb-aae4-e41f57f5702a' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-874740a5-6b3c-42cb-aae4-e41f57f5702a' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>feature latitude</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>latitude</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>degrees_north</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><table>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
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       "                <tbody>\n",
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       "                    <tr>\n",
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       "                        <td> (2776738,) </td>\n",
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       "                        <th> Count </th>\n",
       "                        <td> 2 Tasks </td>\n",
       "                        <td> 1 Chunks </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                    <th> Type </th>\n",
       "                    <td> float32 </td>\n",
       "                    <td> numpy.ndarray </td>\n",
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       "</table></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>longitude</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>dask.array&lt;chunksize=(2776738,), meta=np.ndarray&gt;</div><input id='attrs-05958b06-6b7a-400a-ac34-d9a0ef72d63e' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-05958b06-6b7a-400a-ac34-d9a0ef72d63e' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-462396a0-f9cd-4bed-adec-2afc078fac5e' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-462396a0-f9cd-4bed-adec-2afc078fac5e' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>feature longitude</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>longitude</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>degrees_east</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><table>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "        <td>\n",
       "            <table>\n",
       "                <thead>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <td> </td>\n",
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       "                <tbody>\n",
       "                    \n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
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       "                        <td> (2776738,) </td>\n",
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       "                        <th> Count </th>\n",
       "                        <td> 2 Tasks </td>\n",
       "                        <td> 1 Chunks </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                    <th> Type </th>\n",
       "                    <td> float32 </td>\n",
       "                    <td> numpy.ndarray </td>\n",
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       "        </td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "</table></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>order</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>int32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>dask.array&lt;chunksize=(2776738,), meta=np.ndarray&gt;</div><input id='attrs-de3c7176-896e-4248-8c78-4d4afc408961' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-de3c7176-896e-4248-8c78-4d4afc408961' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-eaaf69c8-3ee0-47ad-bcf1-7ad3f85a25f3' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-eaaf69c8-3ee0-47ad-bcf1-7ad3f85a25f3' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>stream order</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><table>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "        <td>\n",
       "            <table>\n",
       "                <thead>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <td> </td>\n",
       "                        <th> Array </th>\n",
       "                        <th> Chunk </th>\n",
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       "                </thead>\n",
       "                <tbody>\n",
       "                    \n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Bytes </th>\n",
       "                        <td> 10.59 MiB </td>\n",
       "                        <td> 10.59 MiB </td>\n",
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       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Shape </th>\n",
       "                        <td> (2776738,) </td>\n",
       "                        <td> (2776738,) </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Count </th>\n",
       "                        <td> 2 Tasks </td>\n",
       "                        <td> 1 Chunks </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                    <th> Type </th>\n",
       "                    <td> int32 </td>\n",
       "                    <td> numpy.ndarray </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
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       "</table></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>time</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>datetime64[ns]</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>1979-02-01T01:00:00 ... 2020-12-...</div><input id='attrs-bf5a5413-a343-4c9b-b1f9-d42bf5822a20' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-bf5a5413-a343-4c9b-b1f9-d42bf5822a20' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-0dec545c-d0c5-4571-8a40-62898ebd5a03' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-0dec545c-d0c5-4571-8a40-62898ebd5a03' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>valid output time</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>time</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([&#x27;1979-02-01T01:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;1979-02-01T02:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;1979-02-01T03:00:00.000000000&#x27;, ..., &#x27;2020-12-31T21:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2020-12-31T22:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2020-12-31T23:00:00.000000000&#x27;],\n",
       "      dtype=&#x27;datetime64[ns]&#x27;)</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-74cdb956-8d10-4690-a006-1dc980a20cce' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-74cdb956-8d10-4690-a006-1dc980a20cce' class='xr-section-summary' >Data variables: <span>(3)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>crs</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>()</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>|S1</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-16a7a810-99a9-4e61-9bd9-6c2ecc50c556' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-16a7a810-99a9-4e61-9bd9-6c2ecc50c556' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-3a64492c-6f6a-47a1-982e-bae2e3ef5cbe' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-3a64492c-6f6a-47a1-982e-bae2e3ef5cbe' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>_CoordinateAxes :</span></dt><dd>latitude longitude</dd><dt><span>esri_pe_string :</span></dt><dd>GEOGCS[&quot;GCS_WGS_1984&quot;,DATUM[&quot;D_WGS_1984&quot;,SPHEROID[&quot;WGS_1984&quot;,6378137.0,298.257223563]],PRIMEM[&quot;Greenwich&quot;,0.0],UNIT[&quot;Degree&quot;,0.0174532925199433]];-400 -400 1000000000;-100000 10000;-100000 10000;8.98315284119521E-09;0.001;0.001;IsHighPrecision</dd><dt><span>grid_mapping_name :</span></dt><dd>latitude longitude</dd><dt><span>inverse_flattening :</span></dt><dd>298.2572326660156</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>CRS definition</dd><dt><span>longitude_of_prime_meridian :</span></dt><dd>0.0</dd><dt><span>semi_major_axis :</span></dt><dd>6378137.0</dd><dt><span>semi_minor_axis :</span></dt><dd>6356752.5</dd><dt><span>spatial_ref :</span></dt><dd>GEOGCS[&quot;GCS_WGS_1984&quot;,DATUM[&quot;D_WGS_1984&quot;,SPHEROID[&quot;WGS_1984&quot;,6378137.0,298.257223563]],PRIMEM[&quot;Greenwich&quot;,0.0],UNIT[&quot;Degree&quot;,0.0174532925199433]];-400 -400 1000000000;-100000 10000;-100000 10000;8.98315284119521E-09;0.001;0.001;IsHighPrecision</dd><dt><span>transform_name :</span></dt><dd>latitude longitude</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array(b&#x27;&#x27;, dtype=&#x27;|S1&#x27;)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>streamflow</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time, feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>dask.array&lt;chunksize=(672, 30000), meta=np.ndarray&gt;</div><input id='attrs-d2532f70-3c45-42c4-9b3c-feebebeb4279' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-d2532f70-3c45-42c4-9b3c-feebebeb4279' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-da92a4ef-cbb4-467a-a606-72e05fad9690' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-da92a4ef-cbb4-467a-a606-72e05fad9690' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>grid_mapping :</span></dt><dd>crs</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>River Flow</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>m3 s-1</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><table>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "        <td>\n",
       "            <table>\n",
       "                <thead>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <td> </td>\n",
       "                        <th> Array </th>\n",
       "                        <th> Chunk </th>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                </thead>\n",
       "                <tbody>\n",
       "                    \n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Bytes </th>\n",
       "                        <td> 7.42 TiB </td>\n",
       "                        <td> 153.81 MiB </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    \n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Shape </th>\n",
       "                        <td> (367439, 2776738) </td>\n",
       "                        <td> (672, 30000) </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Count </th>\n",
       "                        <td> 50872 Tasks </td>\n",
       "                        <td> 50871 Chunks </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                    <th> Type </th>\n",
       "                    <td> float64 </td>\n",
       "                    <td> numpy.ndarray </td>\n",
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       "</table></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>velocity</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time, feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>dask.array&lt;chunksize=(672, 30000), meta=np.ndarray&gt;</div><input id='attrs-04cd6a4a-5439-4376-a510-bc330e8d81e0' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-04cd6a4a-5439-4376-a510-bc330e8d81e0' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-4e628861-e841-4ef0-a9ef-0df1fcdb4528' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-4e628861-e841-4ef0-a9ef-0df1fcdb4528' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>grid_mapping :</span></dt><dd>crs</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>River Velocity</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>m s-1</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><table>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "        <td>\n",
       "            <table>\n",
       "                <thead>\n",
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       "                        <td> </td>\n",
       "                        <th> Array </th>\n",
       "                        <th> Chunk </th>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                </thead>\n",
       "                <tbody>\n",
       "                    \n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Bytes </th>\n",
       "                        <td> 7.42 TiB </td>\n",
       "                        <td> 153.81 MiB </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    \n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Shape </th>\n",
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       "                        <td> (672, 30000) </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Count </th>\n",
       "                        <td> 50872 Tasks </td>\n",
       "                        <td> 50871 Chunks </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                    <th> Type </th>\n",
       "                    <td> float64 </td>\n",
       "                    <td> numpy.ndarray </td>\n",
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       "</table></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-656efc42-d94f-42b3-9115-f189f0b29740' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-656efc42-d94f-42b3-9115-f189f0b29740' class='xr-section-summary' >Attributes: <span>(5)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>TITLE :</span></dt><dd>OUTPUT FROM WRF-Hydro v5.2.0-beta2</dd><dt><span>code_version :</span></dt><dd>v5.2.0-beta2</dd><dt><span>featureType :</span></dt><dd>timeSeries</dd><dt><span>model_configuration :</span></dt><dd>retrospective</dd><dt><span>proj4 :</span></dt><dd>+proj=lcc +units=m +a=6370000.0 +b=6370000.0 +lat_1=30.0 +lat_2=60.0 +lat_0=40.0 +lon_0=-97.0 +x_0=0 +y_0=0 +k_0=1.0 +nadgrids=@</dd></dl></div></li></ul></div></div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<xarray.Dataset>\n",
       "Dimensions:     (feature_id: 2776738, time: 367439)\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "    elevation   (feature_id) float32 dask.array<chunksize=(2776738,), meta=np.ndarray>\n",
       "  * feature_id  (feature_id) int32 101 179 181 ... 1180001803 1180001804\n",
       "    gage_id     (feature_id) |S15 dask.array<chunksize=(2776738,), meta=np.ndarray>\n",
       "    latitude    (feature_id) float32 dask.array<chunksize=(2776738,), meta=np.ndarray>\n",
       "    longitude   (feature_id) float32 dask.array<chunksize=(2776738,), meta=np.ndarray>\n",
       "    order       (feature_id) int32 dask.array<chunksize=(2776738,), meta=np.ndarray>\n",
       "  * time        (time) datetime64[ns] 1979-02-01T01:00:00 ... 2020-12-31T23:0...\n",
       "Data variables:\n",
       "    crs         |S1 ...\n",
       "    streamflow  (time, feature_id) float64 dask.array<chunksize=(672, 30000), meta=np.ndarray>\n",
       "    velocity    (time, feature_id) float64 dask.array<chunksize=(672, 30000), meta=np.ndarray>\n",
       "Attributes:\n",
       "    TITLE:                OUTPUT FROM WRF-Hydro v5.2.0-beta2\n",
       "    code_version:         v5.2.0-beta2\n",
       "    featureType:          timeSeries\n",
       "    model_configuration:  retrospective\n",
       "    proj4:                +proj=lcc +units=m +a=6370000.0 +b=6370000.0 +lat_1..."
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ds = xr.open_zarr(fsspec.get_mapper(nwm_uri, anon=True, requester_pays=True))\n",
    "ds"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "id": "a0b67c69",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "There are 2153 reaches in the HUC and 1787 of those are in NWM.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Apparently, only some of the reach ids in NHDPlus V2 are available in NWM.\n",
    "# Question: why is that?\n",
    "avail_comids = list(set(ds.feature_id.values).intersection(set(comids)))\n",
    "print(\n",
    "    f'There are {len(comids)} reaches in the HUC and {len(avail_comids)} of those are in NWM.')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "id": "9b89056f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
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       "</style><pre class='xr-text-repr-fallback'>&lt;xarray.DataArray &#x27;streamflow&#x27; (time: 367439, feature_id: 2776738)&gt;\n",
       "dask.array&lt;open_dataset-b4e6ff2f7d86c9ad83e1f0390ea0a8d2streamflow, shape=(367439, 2776738), dtype=float64, chunksize=(672, 30000), chunktype=numpy.ndarray&gt;\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "    elevation   (feature_id) float32 dask.array&lt;chunksize=(2776738,), meta=np.ndarray&gt;\n",
       "  * feature_id  (feature_id) int32 101 179 181 ... 1180001803 1180001804\n",
       "    gage_id     (feature_id) |S15 dask.array&lt;chunksize=(2776738,), meta=np.ndarray&gt;\n",
       "    latitude    (feature_id) float32 dask.array&lt;chunksize=(2776738,), meta=np.ndarray&gt;\n",
       "    longitude   (feature_id) float32 dask.array&lt;chunksize=(2776738,), meta=np.ndarray&gt;\n",
       "    order       (feature_id) int32 dask.array&lt;chunksize=(2776738,), meta=np.ndarray&gt;\n",
       "  * time        (time) datetime64[ns] 1979-02-01T01:00:00 ... 2020-12-31T23:0...\n",
       "Attributes:\n",
       "    grid_mapping:  crs\n",
       "    long_name:     River Flow\n",
       "    units:         m3 s-1</pre><div class='xr-wrap' style='display:none'><div class='xr-header'><div class='xr-obj-type'>xarray.DataArray</div><div class='xr-array-name'>'streamflow'</div><ul class='xr-dim-list'><li><span class='xr-has-index'>time</span>: 367439</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>feature_id</span>: 2776738</li></ul></div><ul class='xr-sections'><li class='xr-section-item'><div class='xr-array-wrap'><input id='section-8262d5f3-2060-45b3-b11c-e46aec255088' class='xr-array-in' type='checkbox' checked><label for='section-8262d5f3-2060-45b3-b11c-e46aec255088' title='Show/hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-array-preview xr-preview'><span>dask.array&lt;chunksize=(672, 30000), meta=np.ndarray&gt;</span></div><div class='xr-array-data'><table>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "        <td>\n",
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       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <td> </td>\n",
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       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                </thead>\n",
       "                <tbody>\n",
       "                    \n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Bytes </th>\n",
       "                        <td> 7.42 TiB </td>\n",
       "                        <td> 153.81 MiB </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    \n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Shape </th>\n",
       "                        <td> (367439, 2776738) </td>\n",
       "                        <td> (672, 30000) </td>\n",
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       "                        <th> Count </th>\n",
       "                        <td> 50872 Tasks </td>\n",
       "                        <td> 50871 Chunks </td>\n",
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       "                    <th> Type </th>\n",
       "                    <td> float64 </td>\n",
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       "</table></div></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-d4ea17b9-9577-4923-8db3-87830022ea63' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-d4ea17b9-9577-4923-8db3-87830022ea63' class='xr-section-summary' >Coordinates: <span>(7)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>elevation</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>dask.array&lt;chunksize=(2776738,), meta=np.ndarray&gt;</div><input id='attrs-246d2678-ec6e-46db-a706-a60a53e57324' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-246d2678-ec6e-46db-a706-a60a53e57324' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-25105f74-73aa-43da-aa6f-70563670d44f' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-25105f74-73aa-43da-aa6f-70563670d44f' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>feature elevation</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>meters</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><table>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "        <td>\n",
       "            <table>\n",
       "                <thead>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <td> </td>\n",
       "                        <th> Array </th>\n",
       "                        <th> Chunk </th>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                </thead>\n",
       "                <tbody>\n",
       "                    \n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Bytes </th>\n",
       "                        <td> 10.59 MiB </td>\n",
       "                        <td> 10.59 MiB </td>\n",
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       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Shape </th>\n",
       "                        <td> (2776738,) </td>\n",
       "                        <td> (2776738,) </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Count </th>\n",
       "                        <td> 2 Tasks </td>\n",
       "                        <td> 1 Chunks </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                    <th> Type </th>\n",
       "                    <td> float32 </td>\n",
       "                    <td> numpy.ndarray </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                </tbody>\n",
       "            </table>\n",
       "        </td>\n",
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       "</svg>\n",
       "        </td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "</table></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>feature_id</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>int32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>101 179 ... 1180001803 1180001804</div><input id='attrs-aa59966f-105b-4df1-9a8d-bb69c265e084' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-aa59966f-105b-4df1-9a8d-bb69c265e084' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-fb97816f-e0de-45b2-8f1f-48b6bafe0ab4' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-fb97816f-e0de-45b2-8f1f-48b6bafe0ab4' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>cf_role :</span></dt><dd>timeseries_id</dd><dt><span>comment :</span></dt><dd>NHDPlusv2 ComIDs within CONUS, arbitrary Reach IDs outside of CONUS</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Reach ID</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([       101,        179,        181, ..., 1180001802, 1180001803,\n",
       "       1180001804], dtype=int32)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>gage_id</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>|S15</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>dask.array&lt;chunksize=(2776738,), meta=np.ndarray&gt;</div><input id='attrs-83966e28-b770-4d22-ab74-645ac061fc27' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-83966e28-b770-4d22-ab74-645ac061fc27' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-a9c408d0-1647-4d49-a6a1-1a2da52a2eb5' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-a9c408d0-1647-4d49-a6a1-1a2da52a2eb5' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>coordinates :</span></dt><dd>lat lon</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>NHD Gage Event ID from SOURCE_FEA field in Gages feature class</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><table>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "        <td>\n",
       "            <table>\n",
       "                <thead>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <td> </td>\n",
       "                        <th> Array </th>\n",
       "                        <th> Chunk </th>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                </thead>\n",
       "                <tbody>\n",
       "                    \n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Bytes </th>\n",
       "                        <td> 39.72 MiB </td>\n",
       "                        <td> 39.72 MiB </td>\n",
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       "                    \n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Shape </th>\n",
       "                        <td> (2776738,) </td>\n",
       "                        <td> (2776738,) </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Count </th>\n",
       "                        <td> 2 Tasks </td>\n",
       "                        <td> 1 Chunks </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                    <th> Type </th>\n",
       "                    <td> |S15 </td>\n",
       "                    <td> numpy.ndarray </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                </tbody>\n",
       "            </table>\n",
       "        </td>\n",
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       "</svg>\n",
       "        </td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "</table></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>latitude</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>dask.array&lt;chunksize=(2776738,), meta=np.ndarray&gt;</div><input id='attrs-bd0c11fc-8196-48bf-8c7f-082445c32df3' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-bd0c11fc-8196-48bf-8c7f-082445c32df3' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-df29aa58-d45d-461d-8982-a24f8f095343' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-df29aa58-d45d-461d-8982-a24f8f095343' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>feature latitude</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>latitude</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>degrees_north</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><table>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "        <td>\n",
       "            <table>\n",
       "                <thead>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <td> </td>\n",
       "                        <th> Array </th>\n",
       "                        <th> Chunk </th>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                </thead>\n",
       "                <tbody>\n",
       "                    \n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Bytes </th>\n",
       "                        <td> 10.59 MiB </td>\n",
       "                        <td> 10.59 MiB </td>\n",
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       "                    \n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Shape </th>\n",
       "                        <td> (2776738,) </td>\n",
       "                        <td> (2776738,) </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Count </th>\n",
       "                        <td> 2 Tasks </td>\n",
       "                        <td> 1 Chunks </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                    <th> Type </th>\n",
       "                    <td> float32 </td>\n",
       "                    <td> numpy.ndarray </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                </tbody>\n",
       "            </table>\n",
       "        </td>\n",
       "        <td>\n",
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       "</svg>\n",
       "        </td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "</table></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>longitude</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>dask.array&lt;chunksize=(2776738,), meta=np.ndarray&gt;</div><input id='attrs-f2aaac9c-532f-4f64-bdc2-0590ec28435d' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-f2aaac9c-532f-4f64-bdc2-0590ec28435d' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-98f2b0cf-634a-41b7-80c2-aca48b3041b8' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-98f2b0cf-634a-41b7-80c2-aca48b3041b8' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>feature longitude</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>longitude</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>degrees_east</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><table>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "        <td>\n",
       "            <table>\n",
       "                <thead>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <td> </td>\n",
       "                        <th> Array </th>\n",
       "                        <th> Chunk </th>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                </thead>\n",
       "                <tbody>\n",
       "                    \n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Bytes </th>\n",
       "                        <td> 10.59 MiB </td>\n",
       "                        <td> 10.59 MiB </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    \n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Shape </th>\n",
       "                        <td> (2776738,) </td>\n",
       "                        <td> (2776738,) </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Count </th>\n",
       "                        <td> 2 Tasks </td>\n",
       "                        <td> 1 Chunks </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                    <th> Type </th>\n",
       "                    <td> float32 </td>\n",
       "                    <td> numpy.ndarray </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                </tbody>\n",
       "            </table>\n",
       "        </td>\n",
       "        <td>\n",
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       "</svg>\n",
       "        </td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "</table></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>order</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>int32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>dask.array&lt;chunksize=(2776738,), meta=np.ndarray&gt;</div><input id='attrs-347d476b-1eb5-41b5-99ed-b3b09fd9907f' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-347d476b-1eb5-41b5-99ed-b3b09fd9907f' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-dd76defb-149d-44fc-9ce5-0139a722a797' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-dd76defb-149d-44fc-9ce5-0139a722a797' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>stream order</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><table>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "        <td>\n",
       "            <table>\n",
       "                <thead>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <td> </td>\n",
       "                        <th> Array </th>\n",
       "                        <th> Chunk </th>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                </thead>\n",
       "                <tbody>\n",
       "                    \n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Bytes </th>\n",
       "                        <td> 10.59 MiB </td>\n",
       "                        <td> 10.59 MiB </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    \n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Shape </th>\n",
       "                        <td> (2776738,) </td>\n",
       "                        <td> (2776738,) </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Count </th>\n",
       "                        <td> 2 Tasks </td>\n",
       "                        <td> 1 Chunks </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                    <th> Type </th>\n",
       "                    <td> int32 </td>\n",
       "                    <td> numpy.ndarray </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                </tbody>\n",
       "            </table>\n",
       "        </td>\n",
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       "        </td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "</table></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>time</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>datetime64[ns]</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>1979-02-01T01:00:00 ... 2020-12-...</div><input id='attrs-a661085f-3636-43c3-bc29-335038126f2b' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-a661085f-3636-43c3-bc29-335038126f2b' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-1c30c88b-4d96-430e-af17-07b1941938d5' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-1c30c88b-4d96-430e-af17-07b1941938d5' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>valid output time</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>time</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([&#x27;1979-02-01T01:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;1979-02-01T02:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;1979-02-01T03:00:00.000000000&#x27;, ..., &#x27;2020-12-31T21:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2020-12-31T22:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2020-12-31T23:00:00.000000000&#x27;],\n",
       "      dtype=&#x27;datetime64[ns]&#x27;)</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-14f68a62-178b-430b-a18a-5673a4658242' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-14f68a62-178b-430b-a18a-5673a4658242' class='xr-section-summary' >Attributes: <span>(3)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>grid_mapping :</span></dt><dd>crs</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>River Flow</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>m3 s-1</dd></dl></div></li></ul></div></div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<xarray.DataArray 'streamflow' (time: 367439, feature_id: 2776738)>\n",
       "dask.array<open_dataset-b4e6ff2f7d86c9ad83e1f0390ea0a8d2streamflow, shape=(367439, 2776738), dtype=float64, chunksize=(672, 30000), chunktype=numpy.ndarray>\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "    elevation   (feature_id) float32 dask.array<chunksize=(2776738,), meta=np.ndarray>\n",
       "  * feature_id  (feature_id) int32 101 179 181 ... 1180001803 1180001804\n",
       "    gage_id     (feature_id) |S15 dask.array<chunksize=(2776738,), meta=np.ndarray>\n",
       "    latitude    (feature_id) float32 dask.array<chunksize=(2776738,), meta=np.ndarray>\n",
       "    longitude   (feature_id) float32 dask.array<chunksize=(2776738,), meta=np.ndarray>\n",
       "    order       (feature_id) int32 dask.array<chunksize=(2776738,), meta=np.ndarray>\n",
       "  * time        (time) datetime64[ns] 1979-02-01T01:00:00 ... 2020-12-31T23:0...\n",
       "Attributes:\n",
       "    grid_mapping:  crs\n",
       "    long_name:     River Flow\n",
       "    units:         m3 s-1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Note that the chunks are rectangular (2D) as opposed to whole rows or whole columns.\n",
    "ds.streamflow"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "id": "9ab05380",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
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       "Dimensions:     (feature_id: 1787, time: 72)\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "    elevation   (feature_id) float32 dask.array&lt;chunksize=(1787,), meta=np.ndarray&gt;\n",
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       "    latitude    (feature_id) float32 dask.array&lt;chunksize=(1787,), meta=np.ndarray&gt;\n",
       "    longitude   (feature_id) float32 dask.array&lt;chunksize=(1787,), meta=np.ndarray&gt;\n",
       "    order       (feature_id) int32 dask.array&lt;chunksize=(1787,), meta=np.ndarray&gt;\n",
       "  * time        (time) datetime64[ns] 1980-01-01 ... 1980-01-03T23:00:00\n",
       "Data variables:\n",
       "    crs         |S1 ...\n",
       "    streamflow  (time, feature_id) float64 dask.array&lt;chunksize=(49, 13), meta=np.ndarray&gt;\n",
       "    velocity    (time, feature_id) float64 dask.array&lt;chunksize=(49, 13), meta=np.ndarray&gt;\n",
       "Attributes:\n",
       "    TITLE:                OUTPUT FROM WRF-Hydro v5.2.0-beta2\n",
       "    code_version:         v5.2.0-beta2\n",
       "    featureType:          timeSeries\n",
       "    model_configuration:  retrospective\n",
       "    proj4:                +proj=lcc +units=m +a=6370000.0 +b=6370000.0 +lat_1...</pre><div class='xr-wrap' style='display:none'><div class='xr-header'><div class='xr-obj-type'>xarray.Dataset</div></div><ul class='xr-sections'><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-f8a5a28a-08e1-44bb-83ff-aba4c54ea3b9' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox' disabled ><label for='section-f8a5a28a-08e1-44bb-83ff-aba4c54ea3b9' class='xr-section-summary'  title='Expand/collapse section'>Dimensions:</label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'><ul class='xr-dim-list'><li><span class='xr-has-index'>feature_id</span>: 1787</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>time</span>: 72</li></ul></div><div class='xr-section-details'></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-c4154ca2-420c-4c8b-8220-d9444854d159' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-c4154ca2-420c-4c8b-8220-d9444854d159' class='xr-section-summary' >Coordinates: <span>(7)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>elevation</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>dask.array&lt;chunksize=(1787,), meta=np.ndarray&gt;</div><input id='attrs-a65c387a-5e7c-4ae0-8e18-c6a453f64c1d' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-a65c387a-5e7c-4ae0-8e18-c6a453f64c1d' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-79c0f997-0a3d-44b9-a1c1-9173c6d2a417' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-79c0f997-0a3d-44b9-a1c1-9173c6d2a417' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>feature elevation</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>meters</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><table>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
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       "</svg>\n",
       "        </td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "</table></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>feature_id</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>int32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>4489216 4489218 ... 4489212 4489214</div><input id='attrs-2a1f3e76-0816-42b5-a336-66c0f73a9de7' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-2a1f3e76-0816-42b5-a336-66c0f73a9de7' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-5a6ecbd7-c220-4aa7-8507-0f74c35809ce' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-5a6ecbd7-c220-4aa7-8507-0f74c35809ce' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>cf_role :</span></dt><dd>timeseries_id</dd><dt><span>comment :</span></dt><dd>NHDPlusv2 ComIDs within CONUS, arbitrary Reach IDs outside of CONUS</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Reach ID</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([4489216, 4489218, 4489220, ..., 4489210, 4489212, 4489214], dtype=int32)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>gage_id</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>|S15</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>dask.array&lt;chunksize=(1787,), meta=np.ndarray&gt;</div><input id='attrs-3964e8e5-1b56-4387-85c6-59e77857d8ba' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-3964e8e5-1b56-4387-85c6-59e77857d8ba' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-4c4b0278-12bf-4ee5-9889-e1e778b6e652' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-4c4b0278-12bf-4ee5-9889-e1e778b6e652' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>coordinates :</span></dt><dd>lat lon</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>NHD Gage Event ID from SOURCE_FEA field in Gages feature class</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><table>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "        <td>\n",
       "            <table>\n",
       "                <thead>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <td> </td>\n",
       "                        <th> Array </th>\n",
       "                        <th> Chunk </th>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                </thead>\n",
       "                <tbody>\n",
       "                    \n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Bytes </th>\n",
       "                        <td> 26.18 kiB </td>\n",
       "                        <td> 26.18 kiB </td>\n",
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       "                    \n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Shape </th>\n",
       "                        <td> (1787,) </td>\n",
       "                        <td> (1787,) </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Count </th>\n",
       "                        <td> 3 Tasks </td>\n",
       "                        <td> 1 Chunks </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                    <th> Type </th>\n",
       "                    <td> |S15 </td>\n",
       "                    <td> numpy.ndarray </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                </tbody>\n",
       "            </table>\n",
       "        </td>\n",
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       "</svg>\n",
       "        </td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "</table></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>latitude</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>dask.array&lt;chunksize=(1787,), meta=np.ndarray&gt;</div><input id='attrs-8dad1592-1f66-4d55-8348-6bc6096bdd75' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-8dad1592-1f66-4d55-8348-6bc6096bdd75' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-6fad946b-79d7-498e-b98c-f73ddb3200ad' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-6fad946b-79d7-498e-b98c-f73ddb3200ad' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>feature latitude</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>latitude</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>degrees_north</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><table>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "        <td>\n",
       "            <table>\n",
       "                <thead>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <td> </td>\n",
       "                        <th> Array </th>\n",
       "                        <th> Chunk </th>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                </thead>\n",
       "                <tbody>\n",
       "                    \n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Bytes </th>\n",
       "                        <td> 6.98 kiB </td>\n",
       "                        <td> 6.98 kiB </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    \n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Shape </th>\n",
       "                        <td> (1787,) </td>\n",
       "                        <td> (1787,) </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Count </th>\n",
       "                        <td> 3 Tasks </td>\n",
       "                        <td> 1 Chunks </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                    <th> Type </th>\n",
       "                    <td> float32 </td>\n",
       "                    <td> numpy.ndarray </td>\n",
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       "                </tbody>\n",
       "            </table>\n",
       "        </td>\n",
       "        <td>\n",
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       "</svg>\n",
       "        </td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "</table></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>longitude</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>dask.array&lt;chunksize=(1787,), meta=np.ndarray&gt;</div><input id='attrs-bf7bf9cf-1a8f-4f20-a996-cc4ad79f623f' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-bf7bf9cf-1a8f-4f20-a996-cc4ad79f623f' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-75417424-a294-4648-99f5-6293678cdead' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-75417424-a294-4648-99f5-6293678cdead' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>feature longitude</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>longitude</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>degrees_east</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><table>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "        <td>\n",
       "            <table>\n",
       "                <thead>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <td> </td>\n",
       "                        <th> Array </th>\n",
       "                        <th> Chunk </th>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                </thead>\n",
       "                <tbody>\n",
       "                    \n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Bytes </th>\n",
       "                        <td> 6.98 kiB </td>\n",
       "                        <td> 6.98 kiB </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    \n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Shape </th>\n",
       "                        <td> (1787,) </td>\n",
       "                        <td> (1787,) </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Count </th>\n",
       "                        <td> 3 Tasks </td>\n",
       "                        <td> 1 Chunks </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                    <th> Type </th>\n",
       "                    <td> float32 </td>\n",
       "                    <td> numpy.ndarray </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                </tbody>\n",
       "            </table>\n",
       "        </td>\n",
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       "        </td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "</table></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>order</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>int32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>dask.array&lt;chunksize=(1787,), meta=np.ndarray&gt;</div><input id='attrs-078925e1-d831-4323-ae79-b6bc9c1ff99e' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-078925e1-d831-4323-ae79-b6bc9c1ff99e' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-71310c83-9ba8-459e-8ce7-414cbf57b926' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-71310c83-9ba8-459e-8ce7-414cbf57b926' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>stream order</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><table>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "        <td>\n",
       "            <table>\n",
       "                <thead>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <td> </td>\n",
       "                        <th> Array </th>\n",
       "                        <th> Chunk </th>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                </thead>\n",
       "                <tbody>\n",
       "                    \n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Bytes </th>\n",
       "                        <td> 6.98 kiB </td>\n",
       "                        <td> 6.98 kiB </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    \n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Shape </th>\n",
       "                        <td> (1787,) </td>\n",
       "                        <td> (1787,) </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Count </th>\n",
       "                        <td> 3 Tasks </td>\n",
       "                        <td> 1 Chunks </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                    <th> Type </th>\n",
       "                    <td> int32 </td>\n",
       "                    <td> numpy.ndarray </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                </tbody>\n",
       "            </table>\n",
       "        </td>\n",
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       "        </td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "</table></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>time</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>datetime64[ns]</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>1980-01-01 ... 1980-01-03T23:00:00</div><input id='attrs-1db2fc5c-8cbe-43f1-846c-6444338e4761' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-1db2fc5c-8cbe-43f1-846c-6444338e4761' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-2b58a53e-c9ce-4f79-93fc-32fbd8cec9c1' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-2b58a53e-c9ce-4f79-93fc-32fbd8cec9c1' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>valid output time</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>time</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([&#x27;1980-01-01T00:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;1980-01-01T01:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;1980-01-01T02:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;1980-01-01T03:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;1980-01-01T04:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;1980-01-01T05:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;1980-01-01T06:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;1980-01-01T07:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;1980-01-01T08:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;1980-01-01T09:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;1980-01-01T10:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;1980-01-01T11:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;1980-01-01T12:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;1980-01-01T13:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;1980-01-01T14:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;1980-01-01T15:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;1980-01-01T16:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;1980-01-01T17:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;1980-01-01T18:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;1980-01-01T19:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;1980-01-01T20:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;1980-01-01T21:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;1980-01-01T22:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;1980-01-01T23:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;1980-01-02T00:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;1980-01-02T01:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;1980-01-02T02:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;1980-01-02T03:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;1980-01-02T04:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;1980-01-02T05:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;1980-01-02T06:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;1980-01-02T07:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;1980-01-02T08:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;1980-01-02T09:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;1980-01-02T10:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;1980-01-02T11:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;1980-01-02T12:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;1980-01-02T13:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;1980-01-02T14:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;1980-01-02T15:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;1980-01-02T16:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;1980-01-02T17:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;1980-01-02T18:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;1980-01-02T19:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;1980-01-02T20:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;1980-01-02T21:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;1980-01-02T22:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;1980-01-02T23:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;1980-01-03T00:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;1980-01-03T01:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;1980-01-03T02:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;1980-01-03T03:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;1980-01-03T04:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;1980-01-03T05:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;1980-01-03T06:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;1980-01-03T07:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;1980-01-03T08:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;1980-01-03T09:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;1980-01-03T10:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;1980-01-03T11:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;1980-01-03T12:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;1980-01-03T13:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;1980-01-03T14:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;1980-01-03T15:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;1980-01-03T16:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;1980-01-03T17:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;1980-01-03T18:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;1980-01-03T19:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;1980-01-03T20:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;1980-01-03T21:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;1980-01-03T22:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;1980-01-03T23:00:00.000000000&#x27;],\n",
       "      dtype=&#x27;datetime64[ns]&#x27;)</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-dc305112-c190-4423-bdbc-8a4bb3405535' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-dc305112-c190-4423-bdbc-8a4bb3405535' class='xr-section-summary' >Data variables: <span>(3)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>crs</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>()</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>|S1</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-c98d3219-e721-4878-aff4-08fc0989f306' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-c98d3219-e721-4878-aff4-08fc0989f306' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-3132284a-9784-44ff-87e7-b911a9083cda' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-3132284a-9784-44ff-87e7-b911a9083cda' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>_CoordinateAxes :</span></dt><dd>latitude longitude</dd><dt><span>esri_pe_string :</span></dt><dd>GEOGCS[&quot;GCS_WGS_1984&quot;,DATUM[&quot;D_WGS_1984&quot;,SPHEROID[&quot;WGS_1984&quot;,6378137.0,298.257223563]],PRIMEM[&quot;Greenwich&quot;,0.0],UNIT[&quot;Degree&quot;,0.0174532925199433]];-400 -400 1000000000;-100000 10000;-100000 10000;8.98315284119521E-09;0.001;0.001;IsHighPrecision</dd><dt><span>grid_mapping_name :</span></dt><dd>latitude longitude</dd><dt><span>inverse_flattening :</span></dt><dd>298.2572326660156</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>CRS definition</dd><dt><span>longitude_of_prime_meridian :</span></dt><dd>0.0</dd><dt><span>semi_major_axis :</span></dt><dd>6378137.0</dd><dt><span>semi_minor_axis :</span></dt><dd>6356752.5</dd><dt><span>spatial_ref :</span></dt><dd>GEOGCS[&quot;GCS_WGS_1984&quot;,DATUM[&quot;D_WGS_1984&quot;,SPHEROID[&quot;WGS_1984&quot;,6378137.0,298.257223563]],PRIMEM[&quot;Greenwich&quot;,0.0],UNIT[&quot;Degree&quot;,0.0174532925199433]];-400 -400 1000000000;-100000 10000;-100000 10000;8.98315284119521E-09;0.001;0.001;IsHighPrecision</dd><dt><span>transform_name :</span></dt><dd>latitude longitude</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array(b&#x27;&#x27;, dtype=&#x27;|S1&#x27;)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>streamflow</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time, feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>dask.array&lt;chunksize=(49, 13), meta=np.ndarray&gt;</div><input id='attrs-d35238c5-8a7f-4cdc-80c8-f36a7141db72' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-d35238c5-8a7f-4cdc-80c8-f36a7141db72' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-026ca4bc-8ee6-42a5-a874-71414969fd2f' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-026ca4bc-8ee6-42a5-a874-71414969fd2f' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>grid_mapping :</span></dt><dd>crs</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>River Flow</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>m3 s-1</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><table>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "        <td>\n",
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       "                <tbody>\n",
       "                    \n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Bytes </th>\n",
       "                        <td> 0.98 MiB </td>\n",
       "                        <td> 192.17 kiB </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
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       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Shape </th>\n",
       "                        <td> (72, 1787) </td>\n",
       "                        <td> (49, 502) </td>\n",
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       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Count </th>\n",
       "                        <td> 51246 Tasks </td>\n",
       "                        <td> 188 Chunks </td>\n",
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       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                    <th> Type </th>\n",
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       "    </tr>\n",
       "</table></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>velocity</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time, feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>dask.array&lt;chunksize=(49, 13), meta=np.ndarray&gt;</div><input id='attrs-c0247fb1-8a6e-433f-8fff-d09751bfcad0' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-c0247fb1-8a6e-433f-8fff-d09751bfcad0' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-56119f21-aa22-4a93-9605-694265082f99' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-56119f21-aa22-4a93-9605-694265082f99' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>grid_mapping :</span></dt><dd>crs</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>River Velocity</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>m s-1</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><table>\n",
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       "                        <td> 188 Chunks </td>\n",
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       "                    <th> Type </th>\n",
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       "</table></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-a1301c66-8484-4aad-bb48-151de556ff4f' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-a1301c66-8484-4aad-bb48-151de556ff4f' class='xr-section-summary' >Attributes: <span>(5)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>TITLE :</span></dt><dd>OUTPUT FROM WRF-Hydro v5.2.0-beta2</dd><dt><span>code_version :</span></dt><dd>v5.2.0-beta2</dd><dt><span>featureType :</span></dt><dd>timeSeries</dd><dt><span>model_configuration :</span></dt><dd>retrospective</dd><dt><span>proj4 :</span></dt><dd>+proj=lcc +units=m +a=6370000.0 +b=6370000.0 +lat_1=30.0 +lat_2=60.0 +lat_0=40.0 +lon_0=-97.0 +x_0=0 +y_0=0 +k_0=1.0 +nadgrids=@</dd></dl></div></li></ul></div></div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<xarray.Dataset>\n",
       "Dimensions:     (feature_id: 1787, time: 72)\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "    elevation   (feature_id) float32 dask.array<chunksize=(1787,), meta=np.ndarray>\n",
       "  * feature_id  (feature_id) int32 4489216 4489218 4489220 ... 4489212 4489214\n",
       "    gage_id     (feature_id) |S15 dask.array<chunksize=(1787,), meta=np.ndarray>\n",
       "    latitude    (feature_id) float32 dask.array<chunksize=(1787,), meta=np.ndarray>\n",
       "    longitude   (feature_id) float32 dask.array<chunksize=(1787,), meta=np.ndarray>\n",
       "    order       (feature_id) int32 dask.array<chunksize=(1787,), meta=np.ndarray>\n",
       "  * time        (time) datetime64[ns] 1980-01-01 ... 1980-01-03T23:00:00\n",
       "Data variables:\n",
       "    crs         |S1 ...\n",
       "    streamflow  (time, feature_id) float64 dask.array<chunksize=(49, 13), meta=np.ndarray>\n",
       "    velocity    (time, feature_id) float64 dask.array<chunksize=(49, 13), meta=np.ndarray>\n",
       "Attributes:\n",
       "    TITLE:                OUTPUT FROM WRF-Hydro v5.2.0-beta2\n",
       "    code_version:         v5.2.0-beta2\n",
       "    featureType:          timeSeries\n",
       "    model_configuration:  retrospective\n",
       "    proj4:                +proj=lcc +units=m +a=6370000.0 +b=6370000.0 +lat_1..."
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 9,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Lazily compute the subset of the dataset that contains a certain time range.\n",
    "# TODO: run this with several time ranges including those with week or years long ranges.\n",
    "time_range = slice('1980-01-01', '1980-01-03')\n",
    "sub_ds = ds.sel(feature_id=avail_comids, time=time_range)\n",
    "sub_ds"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "id": "0bb7a744",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def time_func(func, repeats=1):\n",
    "    \"\"\"Times the running a function.\n",
    "    \n",
    "    Args:\n",
    "        func: an argumentless function aka a thunk\n",
    "        repeats: the number of times to repeat execution\n",
    "\n",
    "    Return:\n",
    "        a numpy array of length repeats with the runtime in seconds for each execution\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    times = []\n",
    "    for _ in tqdm.tqdm(range(repeats), leave=False, desc='repeat'):\n",
    "        start_time = time.time()\n",
    "        func()\n",
    "        elapsed = time.time() - start_time\n",
    "        times.append(elapsed)\n",
    "    return np.array(times)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "id": "8d3cc565",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "query:  67%|██████▋   | 2/3 [01:04<00:31, 31.45s/it]/opt/conda/lib/python3.9/site-packages/xarray/core/accessor_dt.py:388: FutureWarning: dt.weekofyear and dt.week have been deprecated. Please use dt.isocalendar().week instead.\n",
      "  warnings.warn(\n",
      "query: 100%|██████████| 3/3 [01:29<00:00, 29.72s/it]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# The number of times to repeat execution\n",
    "# TODO: use more repeats\n",
    "repeats = 1\n",
    "\n",
    "# A map from query nicknames to functions that execute the query.\n",
    "query_map = {\n",
    "    'mean_features_mean_day': (lambda: sub_ds.streamflow.mean(dim='feature_id').groupby('time.dayofyear').mean().values),\n",
    "    'mean_day': (lambda: sub_ds.streamflow.groupby('time.dayofyear').mean().values),\n",
    "    'mean_week': (lambda: sub_ds.streamflow.groupby('time.weekofyear').mean().values)\n",
    "}\n",
    "\n",
    "# Build a dataframe with a row for each experiment.\n",
    "query = []\n",
    "time_mean = []\n",
    "time_std = []\n",
    "for qname, qfunc in tqdm.tqdm(query_map.items(), desc='query'):\n",
    "    times = time_func(qfunc, repeats=repeats)\n",
    "    query.append(qname)\n",
    "    time_mean.append(times.mean())\n",
    "    time_std.append(times.std())\n",
    "df = pd.DataFrame(data={'query': query, 'time_mean': time_mean, 'time_std': time_std})"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "id": "7bd450d2",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "nb_reaches = len(avail_s)\n",
    "nb_days = (pd.to_datetime(time_range.stop) - pd.to_datetime(time_range.start)).days\n",
    "format = 'zarr'\n",
    "chunk_sizes = np.array([ds.streamflow.chunks[0][0], ds.streamflow.chunks[1][0]])\n",
    "time_chunk_sz = chunk_sizes[0]\n",
    "feature_id_chunk_sz = chunk_sizes[1]\n",
    "\n",
    "df['nb_reaches'] = nb_reaches\n",
    "df['nb_days'] = nb_days\n",
    "df['nb_repeats'] = repeats\n",
    "df['format'] = format\n",
    "df['time_chunk_sz'] = time_chunk_sz\n",
    "df['feature_id_chunk_sz'] = feature_id_chunk_sz"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "id": "1e559acb",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "      <th>nb_reaches</th>\n",
       "      <th>nb_days</th>\n",
       "      <th>nb_repeats</th>\n",
       "      <th>format</th>\n",
       "      <th>time_chunk_sz</th>\n",
       "      <th>feature_id_chunk_sz</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>mean_features_mean_day</td>\n",
       "      <td>35.249354</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1787</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>zarr</td>\n",
       "      <td>672</td>\n",
       "      <td>30000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>mean_day</td>\n",
       "      <td>28.490572</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1787</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>zarr</td>\n",
       "      <td>672</td>\n",
       "      <td>30000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>mean_week</td>\n",
       "      <td>24.953709</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1787</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>zarr</td>\n",
       "      <td>672</td>\n",
       "      <td>30000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                    query  time_mean  time_std  nb_reaches  nb_days  \\\n",
       "0  mean_features_mean_day  35.249354       0.0        1787        2   \n",
       "1                mean_day  28.490572       0.0        1787        2   \n",
       "2               mean_week  24.953709       0.0        1787        2   \n",
       "\n",
       "   nb_repeats format  time_chunk_sz  feature_id_chunk_sz  \n",
       "0           1   zarr            672                30000  \n",
       "1           1   zarr            672                30000  \n",
       "2           1   zarr            672                30000  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 17,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "id": "f05486db",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df.to_csv(timings_uri)"
   ]
  }
 ],
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