diff --git a/paimon-common/src/main/java/org/apache/paimon/utils/Int2ShortHashMap.java b/paimon-common/src/main/java/org/apache/paimon/utils/Int2ShortHashMap.java
index 0338d6d61c72..a156c8f5d154 100644
--- a/paimon-common/src/main/java/org/apache/paimon/utils/Int2ShortHashMap.java
+++ b/paimon-common/src/main/java/org/apache/paimon/utils/Int2ShortHashMap.java
@@ -67,9 +67,16 @@ public void put(int key, short value) {
         }
 
         public Int2ShortHashMap build() {
-            Int2ShortHashMap map = new Int2ShortHashMap(keyList.size());
-            for (int i = 0; i < keyList.size(); i++) {
-                map.put(keyList.getInt(i), valueList.getShort(i));
+            Int2ShortHashMap map;
+            try {
+                map = new Int2ShortHashMap(keyList.size());
+                for (int i = 0; i < keyList.size(); i++) {
+                    map.put(keyList.getInt(i), valueList.getShort(i));
+                }
+            } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+                throw new RuntimeException(
+                        "capacity of Int2ShortOpenHashMap is too large, advise raise your parallelism in your Flink/Spark job",
+                        e);
             }
             return map;
         }
diff --git a/paimon-common/src/test/java/org/apache/paimon/utils/Int2ShortHashMapTest.java b/paimon-common/src/test/java/org/apache/paimon/utils/Int2ShortHashMapTest.java
index ffd308b8e977..6fd4975eb97a 100644
--- a/paimon-common/src/test/java/org/apache/paimon/utils/Int2ShortHashMapTest.java
+++ b/paimon-common/src/test/java/org/apache/paimon/utils/Int2ShortHashMapTest.java
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 import java.util.Random;
 
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
 
 /** Test for {@link Int2ShortHashMap}. */
 public class Int2ShortHashMapTest {
@@ -53,4 +54,9 @@ public void testRandom() {
                     assertThat(map.get(k)).isEqualTo(v);
                 });
     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCapacity() {
+        assertThrows(RuntimeException.class, () -> new Int2ShortHashMap(1073741824));
+    }
 }