From 18a71922dc189c774db37d306f40a1cde4ce586c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: abikesa Date: Thu, 14 Sep 2023 21:05:38 -0400 Subject: [PATCH] Update documentation --- .../act_1/act_1_1/act_1_1_0/act_1_1_0_2.ipynb | 237 +++++++++++++++- .../act_1/act_1_1/act_1_1_0/act_1_1_0_3.ipynb | 56 +++- act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_0/act_0_0_0_1.html | 20 +- act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_0/act_0_0_0_2.html | 20 +- act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_0/act_0_0_0_3.html | 20 +- act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_0/act_0_0_0_4.html | 20 +- act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_0/act_0_0_0_5.html | 20 +- act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_0/act_0_0_0_6.html | 20 +- act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_0/act_0_0_0_7.html | 20 +- act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_1/act_0_0_1_1.html | 20 +- act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_1/act_0_0_1_2.html | 20 +- act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_1/act_0_0_1_3.html | 20 +- act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_1/act_0_0_1_4.html | 20 +- act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_1/act_0_0_1_5.html | 20 +- act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_1/act_0_0_1_6.html | 20 +- act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_1/act_0_0_1_7.html | 20 +- act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_0/act_0_1_0_1.html | 20 +- act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_0/act_0_1_0_2.html | 20 +- act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_0/act_0_1_0_3.html | 20 +- act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_0/act_0_1_0_4.html | 20 +- act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_0/act_0_1_0_5.html | 20 +- act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_0/act_0_1_0_6.html | 20 +- act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_0/act_0_1_0_7.html | 20 +- act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_1/act_0_1_1_1.html | 20 +- act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_1/act_0_1_1_2.html | 20 +- act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_1/act_0_1_1_3.html | 20 +- act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_1/act_0_1_1_4.html | 20 +- act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_1/act_0_1_1_5.html | 20 +- act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_1/act_0_1_1_6.html | 20 +- act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_1/act_0_1_1_7.html | 20 +- act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_0/act_0_2_0_1.html | 20 +- act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_0/act_0_2_0_2.html | 20 +- act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_0/act_0_2_0_3.html | 20 +- act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_0/act_0_2_0_4.html | 20 +- act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_0/act_0_2_0_5.html | 20 +- act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_0/act_0_2_0_6.html | 20 +- act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_0/act_0_2_0_7.html | 20 +- act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_1/act_0_2_1_1.html | 20 +- act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_1/act_0_2_1_2.html | 20 +- act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_1/act_0_2_1_3.html | 20 +- act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_1/act_0_2_1_4.html | 20 +- act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_1/act_0_2_1_5.html | 20 +- act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_1/act_0_2_1_6.html | 20 +- act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_1/act_0_2_1_7.html | 20 +- act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_0/act_1_0_0_1.html | 20 +- act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_0/act_1_0_0_2.html | 20 +- act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_0/act_1_0_0_3.html | 20 +- act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_0/act_1_0_0_4.html | 20 +- act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_0/act_1_0_0_5.html | 20 +- act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_0/act_1_0_0_6.html | 20 +- act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_0/act_1_0_0_7.html | 20 +- act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_1/act_1_0_1_1.html | 20 +- act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_1/act_1_0_1_2.html | 20 +- act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_1/act_1_0_1_3.html | 24 +- act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_1/act_1_0_1_4.html | 15 +- act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_1/act_1_0_1_5.html | 19 +- act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_1/act_1_0_1_6.html | 16 +- act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_1/act_1_0_1_7.html | 13 +- act_1/act_1_1/act_1_1_0/act_1_1_0_1.html | 10 +- act_1/act_1_1/act_1_1_0/act_1_1_0_2.html | 258 +++++++++++++++++- act_1/act_1_1/act_1_1_0/act_1_1_0_3.html | 104 ++++++- act_1/act_1_1/act_1_1_0/act_1_1_0_4.html | 24 +- act_1/act_1_1/act_1_1_0/act_1_1_0_5.html | 20 +- act_1/act_1_1/act_1_1_0/act_1_1_0_6.html | 20 +- act_1/act_1_1/act_1_1_0/act_1_1_0_7.html | 20 +- act_1/act_1_1/act_1_1_1/act_1_1_1_1.html | 20 +- act_1/act_1_1/act_1_1_1/act_1_1_1_2.html | 20 +- act_1/act_1_1/act_1_1_1/act_1_1_1_3.html | 20 +- act_1/act_1_1/act_1_1_1/act_1_1_1_4.html | 20 +- act_1/act_1_1/act_1_1_1/act_1_1_1_5.html | 20 +- act_1/act_1_1/act_1_1_1/act_1_1_1_6.html | 20 +- act_1/act_1_1/act_1_1_1/act_1_1_1_7.html | 20 +- act_1/act_1_2/act_1_2_0/act_1_2_0_1.html | 20 +- act_1/act_1_2/act_1_2_0/act_1_2_0_2.html | 20 +- act_1/act_1_2/act_1_2_0/act_1_2_0_3.html | 20 +- act_1/act_1_2/act_1_2_0/act_1_2_0_4.html | 20 +- act_1/act_1_2/act_1_2_0/act_1_2_0_5.html | 20 +- act_1/act_1_2/act_1_2_0/act_1_2_0_6.html | 20 +- act_1/act_1_2/act_1_2_0/act_1_2_0_7.html | 20 +- act_1/act_1_2/act_1_2_1/act_1_2_1_1.html | 20 +- act_1/act_1_2/act_1_2_1/act_1_2_1_2.html | 20 +- act_1/act_1_2/act_1_2_1/act_1_2_1_3.html | 20 +- act_1/act_1_2/act_1_2_1/act_1_2_1_4.html | 20 +- act_1/act_1_2/act_1_2_1/act_1_2_1_5.html | 20 +- act_1/act_1_2/act_1_2_1/act_1_2_1_6.html | 20 +- act_1/act_1_2/act_1_2_1/act_1_2_1_7.html | 20 +- act_2/act_2_0/act_2_0_0/act_2_0_0_1.html | 20 +- act_2/act_2_0/act_2_0_0/act_2_0_0_2.html | 20 +- act_2/act_2_0/act_2_0_0/act_2_0_0_3.html | 20 +- act_2/act_2_0/act_2_0_0/act_2_0_0_4.html | 20 +- act_2/act_2_0/act_2_0_0/act_2_0_0_5.html | 20 +- act_2/act_2_0/act_2_0_0/act_2_0_0_6.html | 20 +- act_2/act_2_0/act_2_0_0/act_2_0_0_7.html | 20 +- act_2/act_2_0/act_2_0_1/act_2_0_1_1.html | 20 +- act_2/act_2_0/act_2_0_1/act_2_0_1_2.html | 20 +- act_2/act_2_0/act_2_0_1/act_2_0_1_3.html | 20 +- act_2/act_2_0/act_2_0_1/act_2_0_1_4.html | 20 +- act_2/act_2_0/act_2_0_1/act_2_0_1_5.html | 20 +- act_2/act_2_0/act_2_0_1/act_2_0_1_6.html | 20 +- act_2/act_2_0/act_2_0_1/act_2_0_1_7.html | 20 +- act_2/act_2_1/act_2_1_0/act_2_1_0_1.html | 20 +- act_2/act_2_1/act_2_1_0/act_2_1_0_2.html | 20 +- act_2/act_2_1/act_2_1_0/act_2_1_0_3.html | 20 +- act_2/act_2_1/act_2_1_0/act_2_1_0_4.html | 20 +- act_2/act_2_1/act_2_1_0/act_2_1_0_5.html | 20 +- act_2/act_2_1/act_2_1_0/act_2_1_0_6.html | 20 +- act_2/act_2_1/act_2_1_0/act_2_1_0_7.html | 20 +- act_2/act_2_1/act_2_1_1/act_2_1_1_1.html | 20 +- act_2/act_2_1/act_2_1_1/act_2_1_1_2.html | 20 +- act_2/act_2_1/act_2_1_1/act_2_1_1_3.html | 20 +- act_2/act_2_1/act_2_1_1/act_2_1_1_4.html | 20 +- act_2/act_2_1/act_2_1_1/act_2_1_1_5.html | 20 +- act_2/act_2_1/act_2_1_1/act_2_1_1_6.html | 20 +- act_2/act_2_1/act_2_1_1/act_2_1_1_7.html | 20 +- act_2/act_2_2/act_2_2_0/act_2_2_0_1.html | 20 +- act_2/act_2_2/act_2_2_0/act_2_2_0_2.html | 20 +- act_2/act_2_2/act_2_2_0/act_2_2_0_3.html | 20 +- act_2/act_2_2/act_2_2_0/act_2_2_0_4.html | 20 +- act_2/act_2_2/act_2_2_0/act_2_2_0_5.html | 20 +- act_2/act_2_2/act_2_2_0/act_2_2_0_6.html | 20 +- act_2/act_2_2/act_2_2_0/act_2_2_0_7.html | 20 +- act_2/act_2_2/act_2_2_1/act_2_2_1_1.html | 20 +- act_2/act_2_2/act_2_2_1/act_2_2_1_2.html | 20 +- act_2/act_2_2/act_2_2_1/act_2_2_1_3.html | 20 +- act_2/act_2_2/act_2_2_1/act_2_2_1_4.html | 20 +- act_2/act_2_2/act_2_2_1/act_2_2_1_5.html | 20 +- act_2/act_2_2/act_2_2_1/act_2_2_1_6.html | 20 +- act_2/act_2_2/act_2_2_1/act_2_2_1_7.html | 20 +- act_3/act_3_0/act_3_0_0/act_3_0_0_1.html | 20 +- act_3/act_3_0/act_3_0_0/act_3_0_0_2.html | 20 +- act_3/act_3_0/act_3_0_0/act_3_0_0_3.html | 20 +- act_3/act_3_0/act_3_0_0/act_3_0_0_4.html | 20 +- act_3/act_3_0/act_3_0_0/act_3_0_0_5.html | 20 +- act_3/act_3_0/act_3_0_0/act_3_0_0_6.html | 20 +- act_3/act_3_0/act_3_0_0/act_3_0_0_7.html | 20 +- act_3/act_3_0/act_3_0_1/act_3_0_1_1.html | 20 +- act_3/act_3_0/act_3_0_1/act_3_0_1_2.html | 20 +- act_3/act_3_0/act_3_0_1/act_3_0_1_3.html | 20 +- act_3/act_3_0/act_3_0_1/act_3_0_1_4.html | 20 +- act_3/act_3_0/act_3_0_1/act_3_0_1_5.html | 20 +- act_3/act_3_0/act_3_0_1/act_3_0_1_6.html | 20 +- act_3/act_3_0/act_3_0_1/act_3_0_1_7.html | 20 +- act_3/act_3_1/act_3_1_0/act_3_1_0_1.html | 20 +- act_3/act_3_1/act_3_1_0/act_3_1_0_2.html | 20 +- act_3/act_3_1/act_3_1_0/act_3_1_0_3.html | 20 +- act_3/act_3_1/act_3_1_0/act_3_1_0_4.html | 20 +- act_3/act_3_1/act_3_1_0/act_3_1_0_5.html | 20 +- act_3/act_3_1/act_3_1_0/act_3_1_0_6.html | 20 +- act_3/act_3_1/act_3_1_0/act_3_1_0_7.html | 20 +- act_3/act_3_1/act_3_1_1/act_3_1_1_1.html | 20 +- act_3/act_3_1/act_3_1_1/act_3_1_1_2.html | 20 +- act_3/act_3_1/act_3_1_1/act_3_1_1_3.html | 20 +- act_3/act_3_1/act_3_1_1/act_3_1_1_4.html | 20 +- act_3/act_3_1/act_3_1_1/act_3_1_1_5.html | 20 +- act_3/act_3_1/act_3_1_1/act_3_1_1_6.html | 20 +- act_3/act_3_1/act_3_1_1/act_3_1_1_7.html | 20 +- act_3/act_3_2/act_3_2_0/act_3_2_0_1.html | 20 +- act_3/act_3_2/act_3_2_0/act_3_2_0_2.html | 20 +- act_3/act_3_2/act_3_2_0/act_3_2_0_3.html | 20 +- act_3/act_3_2/act_3_2_0/act_3_2_0_4.html | 20 +- act_3/act_3_2/act_3_2_0/act_3_2_0_5.html | 20 +- act_3/act_3_2/act_3_2_0/act_3_2_0_6.html | 20 +- act_3/act_3_2/act_3_2_0/act_3_2_0_7.html | 20 +- act_3/act_3_2/act_3_2_1/act_3_2_1_1.html | 20 +- act_3/act_3_2/act_3_2_1/act_3_2_1_2.html | 20 +- act_3/act_3_2/act_3_2_1/act_3_2_1_3.html | 20 +- act_3/act_3_2/act_3_2_1/act_3_2_1_4.html | 20 +- act_3/act_3_2/act_3_2_1/act_3_2_1_5.html | 20 +- act_3/act_3_2/act_3_2_1/act_3_2_1_6.html | 20 +- act_3/act_3_2/act_3_2_1/act_3_2_1_7.html | 20 +- genindex.html | 6 +- intro.html | 6 +- objects.inv | Bin 1089 -> 1090 bytes search.html | 6 +- searchindex.js | 2 +- 175 files changed, 2781 insertions(+), 1195 deletions(-) diff --git a/_sources/act_1/act_1_1/act_1_1_0/act_1_1_0_2.ipynb b/_sources/act_1/act_1_1/act_1_1_0/act_1_1_0_2.ipynb index 7e68dc3..491356b 100644 --- a/_sources/act_1/act_1_1/act_1_1_0/act_1_1_0_2.ipynb +++ b/_sources/act_1/act_1_1/act_1_1_0/act_1_1_0_2.ipynb @@ -4,7 +4,242 @@ "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ - "# .\n", + "# \n", + "\n", + "# 65\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "tags": [ + "hide-input" + ] + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "data": { + "text/html": [ + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + " \n", + " \n", + " \n", + "\n", + "\n", + "
\n", + " 1. Philosophy\n", + " (Data generating process)
\n", + " Agents - F=ma\n", + " \n", + "\n", + " Verbs - W=Fd\n", + " \n", + "\n", + " Objects - Credo\n", + " \n", + " (May the 4th be with you)
\n", + "
\n", + "\n", + "\n" + ], + "text/plain": [ + "" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + } + ], + "source": [ + "from IPython.display import display, HTML # Updated import line\n", + "\n", + "html_code = '''\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + " \n", + " \n", + " \n", + "\n", + "\n", + "
\n", + " 1. Philosophy\n", + " (Data generating process)
\n", + " Agents - F=ma\n", + "
    \n", + "
  • gods
    • \n", + "
  • demigods
    • \n", + "
  • heroes
    • \n", + "
  • villains
    • \n", + "
  • mortals
    • \n", + "
\n", + "\n", + " Verbs - W=Fd\n", + "
    \n", + "
  • create
    • \n", + "
  • shepherd
    • \n", + "
  • free
    • \n", + "
  • control
    • \n", + "
  • usurp
    • \n", + "
\n", + "\n", + " Objects - Credo\n", + "
    \n", + "
  • cosmos
    • \n", + "
  • planets đŸȘ
    • \n", + "
  • life
    • \n", + "
  • emotion\n", + "
    \n", + "
      \n", + "
    • struggle/monumental
      • \n", + "
    • worship/antiquarian
      • \n", + "
    • terror/critical
      • \n", + "
    \n", + "
    \n", + "
    • \n", + "
  • social
    • \n", + "
\n", + " (May the 4th be with you)
\n", + "
\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "'''\n", + "\n", + "display(HTML(html_code))\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "2. Knowledge\n", + "3. Error\n", + "4. Variance/Bias\n", + "5. Info/Control\n", + "\n", + "---\n", + "\n", + "Culture | Scare-brained\n", + "\n", + "**How fear has shaped human affairs**\n", + "\n", + "A new history argues that power depends on frightening people\n", + "\n", + "![](https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=1424,quality=80,format=auto/content-assets/images/20230916_CUD001.jpg)\n", + "\n", + "image: anthony gerace\n", + "\n", + "Sep 9th 2023\n", + "\n", + "---\n", + "\n", + "Listen to this story. Enjoy more audio and podcasts on iOS or Android. \n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "---\n", + "\n", + "Fear: An Alternative History of the World. By Robert Peckham. Profile Books; 448 pages; ÂŁ25\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "One of the bestselling books of all time was about witches. It was not a cheerful romp like the Harry Potter novels. Instead, it was a serious instruction manual, explaining how to identify, capture, torture confessions from—and eventually kill—Satan’s handmaidens. Published in 1486, “Malleus Maleficarum” (“Hammer of Witches”) reputedly sold more copies over the next two centuries than any book bar the Bible. \n", + "\n", + "As Robert Peckham, a fellow at the Royal Historical Society in London, writes in “Fear: An Alternative History of the World”, anxiety about witches sprang from ignorance. Knowing nothing of microbes, people guessed that misfortunes such as disease were caused by magic. Yet their fear could be manipulated for political purposes. Christendom was split in the 16th century, with the pope and various Protestant potentates vying for control. Exterminating witches was a handy way for an earthly ruler to signal which side he was on: God’s, not the Devil’s. \n", + "\n", + "Fear is a primal, necessary emotion. Mr Peckham calls it “a neurobiological process to keep us alive”. If our ancestors had not feared cliff-edges or sabre-toothed tigers, we might not be here today. The flipside is that, since humans are a communicative, imaginative species, fear can be conjured out of whispers. His book does not quite live up to its ambitious subtitle, but it illuminates the many ways in which fear has shaped human behaviour over the past [700 years](https://www.gutenberg.org/files/38226/38226-h/38226-h.htm#v05_chapter5), from which readers can draw lessons for the present. \n", + "\n", + "The main one is: “Power depends on fear.” Mr Peckham argues that the turmoil of the Reformation and Counter-Reformation stemmed partly from the Catholic church’s loss of its “monopoly on fear” in western Europe. For a thousand years it had convinced people that it alone held the keys to the afterlife. It could turn people’s fear of eternal torment into cash by selling indulgences. One peddler of these “get-out-of-purgatory” certificates, Johann Tetzel, used to frighten congregations into paying up “by conjuring visions of their dead parents wailing for mercy” while being tortured by demons. \n", + "\n", + "When Martin Luther rebelled against such abuses, many people were no doubt swayed by his theological arguments. But an additional incentive for the kings who declared their realms Protestant was that they could then shake off the pope’s temporal authority and wield some of his awesome tools to support their own states.\n", + "Much of this book was written during the covid-19 pandemic, so the author naturally ponders the fear of infection—and its manipulation by the powerful. When the Black Death struck Europe, rumours spread that unpopular minorities, such as “Jews, Muslims, paupers, lepers and foreigners”, might be “malevolent carriers of contagion”. Horrific persecution followed. \n", + "\n", + "Terrified of the social unrest stirred up by the plague, the ruling class was happy to direct popular rage towards targets other than themselves. Some had other motives, too. The bishop of Strasbourg, who had 2,000 Jews burned to death one day in 1349, owed huge sums to Jewish moneylenders. (Conspiracy theories about Jews persist today, many of them directed at the Rothschilds) \n", + "\n", + "Covid was less awful than the Black Death. Medicine has advanced over the centuries, but human nature has changed rather less. Fear of the coronavirus seeded all manner of conspiracy theories, and many governments took advantage of pandemic panic to suppress civil liberties. While living in Hong Kong, Mr Peckham observed first-hand how the Chinese Communist Party used the virus as an excuse to ban the pro-democracy protests that had rocked the place in 2019-20. \n", + "\n", + "The book explores how easy it is for bold liars to fan terror. As Hermann Göring, Adolf Hitler’s air chief, summarised: “All you have to do is tell [the people] they are being attacked and denounce the pacifists for lack of patriotism and exposing the country to danger. It works the same way in any country.” The Nazis also promoted environmental alarmism, claiming that a looming global food shortage justified invading neighbouring countries. \n", + "\n", + "One of the best antidotes to fear is humour. Luther used a new form of mass communication—the printing press—to mock the pope. Salacious cartoons depicted Rome as a brothel, cardinals emerging from the Devil’s backside and the pope astride a pig. Laughter can assuage fear and puncture authority. \n", + "\n", + "Small wonder fearmongers try to kill satirists. Sir Salman Rushdie gets only a passing mention but deserves more. In 1988 he published a novel that satirised many figures, including the Ayatollah Khomeini, Iran’s despot. Khomeini urged Muslims to murder the author, citing the book’s allegedly blasphemous depiction of the Prophet Muhammad. Last year a zealot in New York stabbed Sir Salman in the eye. \n", + "\n", + "Khomeini died in 1989, but the terror he stoked lives on. His immediate motive was probably to bolster support for his joyless regime. That seems to have worked: it still misrules Iran. But the fatwa had global consequences, making clear that the anti-blasphemy laws of a reactionary theocracy could be enforced by volunteer assassins anywhere on the planet. \n", + "\n", + "In liberal countries writers, artists and comedians are now scared to discuss the Prophet, let alone lampoon him. In many Islamic countries, the assassin’s veto hangs over wide areas of intellectual life: freewheeling debate on the role faith plays in politics is almost impossible. Thus one long-bearded, long-buried Iranian fearmonger continues to obstruct the progress of a quarter of humanity. \n", + "\n", + "There are two compelling reasons to read this book. First, in a depressing number of places, including China, India and Russia, governments are ramping up their use of fear to keep citizens in line. Second, people’s memories of how such tactics have worked in the past are worryingly hazy. In a poll Mr Peckham cites, almost half of young Russians were unaware of Stalin’s reign of terror. Now that’s scary. ■\n", + " \n", + "For more on the latest books, films, tv shows, albums and controversies, sign up to Plot Twist, our weekly subscriber-only newsletter \n", + " \n", + "This article appeared in the Culture section of the print edition under the headline \"Scare-brained\" \n", "\n" ] } diff --git a/_sources/act_1/act_1_1/act_1_1_0/act_1_1_0_3.ipynb b/_sources/act_1/act_1_1/act_1_1_0/act_1_1_0_3.ipynb index 7e68dc3..6864c6a 100644 --- a/_sources/act_1/act_1_1/act_1_1_0/act_1_1_0_3.ipynb +++ b/_sources/act_1/act_1_1/act_1_1_0/act_1_1_0_3.ipynb @@ -4,7 +4,61 @@ "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ - "# .\n", + "# \n", + "\n", + "# 66\n", + "\n", + "The Agent-Verb-Object (AVO) structure is not just confined to natural languages; it can also be observed in programming to some extent, although not in the same way as in natural language sentences. Let's delve into how AVO applies to both types of languages:\n", + "\n", + "*Hey, HTML: could you style \"Culture\" for me?* \n", + "\n", + "```html\n", + "Culture\n", + "```\n", + "\n", + "This will change the color of the word \"Culture\" to red. You can replace `red` with any other color code or name according to your needs. \n", + "\n", + "**Natural Language**\n", + "\n", + "Natural languages like English often use the Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) structure, which is a special case of the AVO model. For instance, \"The cat (Agent) catches (Verb) the mouse (Object).\"\n", + "\n", + "**Programming Language**\n", + "\n", + "In programming languages, the AVO structure can be thought of more abstractly:\n", + "\n", + "1. **Agent**: The object or variable that will perform an action.\n", + "2. **Verb**: The method or function that specifies what action to take.\n", + "3. **Object**: The parameter or argument that the action is performed on.\n", + "\n", + "Here's an example in Python:\n", + "\n", + "```python\n", + "list.append(item)\n", + "```\n", + "\n", + "- **Agent**: `list`\n", + "- **Verb**: `append`\n", + "- **Object**: `item`\n", + "\n", + "Or in JavaScript, using the DOM:\n", + "\n", + "```javascript\n", + "document.getElementById('myID')\n", + "```\n", + "\n", + "- **Agent**: `document`\n", + "- **Verb**: `getElementById`\n", + "- **Object**: `'myID'`\n", + "\n", + "**Combined Example (Natural + Programming)**\n", + "\n", + "Consider a research project that aims to analyze natural language text to identify the most commonly used AVO structures. You could use Python's Natural Language Toolkit (NLTK) to parse sentences and identify AVO patterns:\n", + "\n", + "- **Agent**: NLTK library\n", + "- **Verb**: Parse\n", + "- **Object**: Sentences from a text corpus\n", + "\n", + "Understanding this structure helps not only in breaking down how sentences are formed or commands are executed but also in designing better algorithms for natural language processing or more intuitive programming languages and APIs. Given your multidisciplinary interests, this might be an avenue for research, possibly funded through an NSF grant focused on computational linguistics and human-computer interaction.\n", "\n" ] } diff --git a/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_0/act_0_0_0_1.html b/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_0/act_0_0_0_1.html index 7b43a21..daabd26 100644 --- a/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_0/act_0_0_0_1.html +++ b/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_0/act_0_0_0_1.html @@ -271,13 +271,19 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • diff --git a/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_0/act_0_0_0_2.html b/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_0/act_0_0_0_2.html index c1e9dc9..68d34a6 100644 --- a/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_0/act_0_0_0_2.html +++ b/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_0/act_0_0_0_2.html @@ -271,13 +271,19 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • diff --git a/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_0/act_0_0_0_3.html b/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_0/act_0_0_0_3.html index fc7b4d5..86e8f24 100644 --- a/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_0/act_0_0_0_3.html +++ b/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_0/act_0_0_0_3.html @@ -271,13 +271,19 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • diff --git a/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_0/act_0_0_0_4.html b/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_0/act_0_0_0_4.html index b859367..4758b50 100644 --- a/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_0/act_0_0_0_4.html +++ b/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_0/act_0_0_0_4.html @@ -271,13 +271,19 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • diff --git a/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_0/act_0_0_0_5.html b/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_0/act_0_0_0_5.html index 96ad78e..75732d0 100644 --- a/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_0/act_0_0_0_5.html +++ b/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_0/act_0_0_0_5.html @@ -271,13 +271,19 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • diff --git a/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_0/act_0_0_0_6.html b/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_0/act_0_0_0_6.html index d1fcb62..467f1d8 100644 --- a/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_0/act_0_0_0_6.html +++ b/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_0/act_0_0_0_6.html @@ -271,13 +271,19 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • diff --git a/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_0/act_0_0_0_7.html b/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_0/act_0_0_0_7.html index 1bfb521..cd6ab26 100644 --- a/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_0/act_0_0_0_7.html +++ b/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_0/act_0_0_0_7.html @@ -271,13 +271,19 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • diff --git a/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_1/act_0_0_1_1.html b/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_1/act_0_0_1_1.html index 7bc0109..3a3935b 100644 --- a/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_1/act_0_0_1_1.html +++ b/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_1/act_0_0_1_1.html @@ -271,13 +271,19 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • diff --git a/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_1/act_0_0_1_2.html b/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_1/act_0_0_1_2.html index 67e69d9..af51fe9 100644 --- a/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_1/act_0_0_1_2.html +++ b/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_1/act_0_0_1_2.html @@ -271,13 +271,19 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • diff --git a/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_1/act_0_0_1_3.html b/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_1/act_0_0_1_3.html index fd06985..402e605 100644 --- a/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_1/act_0_0_1_3.html +++ b/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_1/act_0_0_1_3.html @@ -271,13 +271,19 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • diff --git a/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_1/act_0_0_1_4.html b/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_1/act_0_0_1_4.html index f9825cb..50a497a 100644 --- a/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_1/act_0_0_1_4.html +++ b/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_1/act_0_0_1_4.html @@ -271,13 +271,19 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • diff --git a/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_1/act_0_0_1_5.html b/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_1/act_0_0_1_5.html index f2b87b2..2a0c948 100644 --- a/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_1/act_0_0_1_5.html +++ b/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_1/act_0_0_1_5.html @@ -271,13 +271,19 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • diff --git a/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_1/act_0_0_1_6.html b/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_1/act_0_0_1_6.html index 7b75b6e..37b369c 100644 --- a/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_1/act_0_0_1_6.html +++ b/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_1/act_0_0_1_6.html @@ -271,13 +271,19 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • diff --git a/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_1/act_0_0_1_7.html b/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_1/act_0_0_1_7.html index eb2d854..2a0463f 100644 --- a/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_1/act_0_0_1_7.html +++ b/act_0/act_0_0/act_0_0_1/act_0_0_1_7.html @@ -271,13 +271,19 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • diff --git a/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_0/act_0_1_0_1.html b/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_0/act_0_1_0_1.html index 5298330..fed1f4a 100644 --- a/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_0/act_0_1_0_1.html +++ b/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_0/act_0_1_0_1.html @@ -271,13 +271,19 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • diff --git a/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_0/act_0_1_0_2.html b/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_0/act_0_1_0_2.html index 5814660..c2786fb 100644 --- a/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_0/act_0_1_0_2.html +++ b/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_0/act_0_1_0_2.html @@ -271,13 +271,19 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • diff --git a/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_0/act_0_1_0_3.html b/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_0/act_0_1_0_3.html index 7583939..8422ad4 100644 --- a/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_0/act_0_1_0_3.html +++ b/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_0/act_0_1_0_3.html @@ -271,13 +271,19 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • diff --git a/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_0/act_0_1_0_4.html b/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_0/act_0_1_0_4.html index d708720..a6ef124 100644 --- a/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_0/act_0_1_0_4.html +++ b/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_0/act_0_1_0_4.html @@ -271,13 +271,19 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • diff --git a/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_0/act_0_1_0_5.html b/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_0/act_0_1_0_5.html index 7e83813..1850101 100644 --- a/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_0/act_0_1_0_5.html +++ b/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_0/act_0_1_0_5.html @@ -271,13 +271,19 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • diff --git a/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_0/act_0_1_0_6.html b/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_0/act_0_1_0_6.html index ca44d5a..a55e46f 100644 --- a/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_0/act_0_1_0_6.html +++ b/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_0/act_0_1_0_6.html @@ -271,13 +271,19 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • diff --git a/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_0/act_0_1_0_7.html b/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_0/act_0_1_0_7.html index cf22b2b..d145260 100644 --- a/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_0/act_0_1_0_7.html +++ b/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_0/act_0_1_0_7.html @@ -271,13 +271,19 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • diff --git a/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_1/act_0_1_1_1.html b/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_1/act_0_1_1_1.html index 7c4069d..94c024d 100644 --- a/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_1/act_0_1_1_1.html +++ b/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_1/act_0_1_1_1.html @@ -271,13 +271,19 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • diff --git a/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_1/act_0_1_1_2.html b/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_1/act_0_1_1_2.html index 1f3c27a..22db76b 100644 --- a/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_1/act_0_1_1_2.html +++ b/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_1/act_0_1_1_2.html @@ -271,13 +271,19 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • diff --git a/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_1/act_0_1_1_3.html b/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_1/act_0_1_1_3.html index 5efcac2..a5e9edd 100644 --- a/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_1/act_0_1_1_3.html +++ b/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_1/act_0_1_1_3.html @@ -271,13 +271,19 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • diff --git a/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_1/act_0_1_1_4.html b/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_1/act_0_1_1_4.html index 684b622..5da1c99 100644 --- a/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_1/act_0_1_1_4.html +++ b/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_1/act_0_1_1_4.html @@ -271,13 +271,19 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • diff --git a/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_1/act_0_1_1_5.html b/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_1/act_0_1_1_5.html index c0c80df..30fdeb4 100644 --- a/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_1/act_0_1_1_5.html +++ b/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_1/act_0_1_1_5.html @@ -271,13 +271,19 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • diff --git a/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_1/act_0_1_1_6.html b/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_1/act_0_1_1_6.html index 023b931..dbff818 100644 --- a/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_1/act_0_1_1_6.html +++ b/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_1/act_0_1_1_6.html @@ -271,13 +271,19 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • diff --git a/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_1/act_0_1_1_7.html b/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_1/act_0_1_1_7.html index 91a2ad3..54e60f1 100644 --- a/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_1/act_0_1_1_7.html +++ b/act_0/act_0_1/act_0_1_1/act_0_1_1_7.html @@ -271,13 +271,19 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • diff --git a/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_0/act_0_2_0_1.html b/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_0/act_0_2_0_1.html index 5ec875d..086b028 100644 --- a/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_0/act_0_2_0_1.html +++ b/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_0/act_0_2_0_1.html @@ -271,13 +271,19 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • diff --git a/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_0/act_0_2_0_2.html b/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_0/act_0_2_0_2.html index 143436f..65d6f8a 100644 --- a/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_0/act_0_2_0_2.html +++ b/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_0/act_0_2_0_2.html @@ -271,13 +271,19 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • diff --git a/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_0/act_0_2_0_3.html b/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_0/act_0_2_0_3.html index aeef5fd..6643595 100644 --- a/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_0/act_0_2_0_3.html +++ b/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_0/act_0_2_0_3.html @@ -271,13 +271,19 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • diff --git a/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_0/act_0_2_0_4.html b/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_0/act_0_2_0_4.html index 7b33e66..15f1ea4 100644 --- a/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_0/act_0_2_0_4.html +++ b/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_0/act_0_2_0_4.html @@ -271,13 +271,19 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • diff --git a/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_0/act_0_2_0_5.html b/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_0/act_0_2_0_5.html index 21634c7..e076904 100644 --- a/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_0/act_0_2_0_5.html +++ b/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_0/act_0_2_0_5.html @@ -271,13 +271,19 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • diff --git a/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_0/act_0_2_0_6.html b/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_0/act_0_2_0_6.html index e8b60c4..3d1ddbc 100644 --- a/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_0/act_0_2_0_6.html +++ b/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_0/act_0_2_0_6.html @@ -271,13 +271,19 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • diff --git a/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_0/act_0_2_0_7.html b/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_0/act_0_2_0_7.html index 582f041..e1b4f7b 100644 --- a/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_0/act_0_2_0_7.html +++ b/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_0/act_0_2_0_7.html @@ -271,13 +271,19 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • diff --git a/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_1/act_0_2_1_1.html b/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_1/act_0_2_1_1.html index 6f519b1..c8bb372 100644 --- a/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_1/act_0_2_1_1.html +++ b/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_1/act_0_2_1_1.html @@ -271,13 +271,19 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • diff --git a/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_1/act_0_2_1_2.html b/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_1/act_0_2_1_2.html index af88764..22be416 100644 --- a/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_1/act_0_2_1_2.html +++ b/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_1/act_0_2_1_2.html @@ -271,13 +271,19 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • diff --git a/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_1/act_0_2_1_3.html b/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_1/act_0_2_1_3.html index 1a67428..7715297 100644 --- a/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_1/act_0_2_1_3.html +++ b/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_1/act_0_2_1_3.html @@ -271,13 +271,19 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • diff --git a/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_1/act_0_2_1_4.html b/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_1/act_0_2_1_4.html index 73a7d4c..15cd002 100644 --- a/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_1/act_0_2_1_4.html +++ b/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_1/act_0_2_1_4.html @@ -271,13 +271,19 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • diff --git a/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_1/act_0_2_1_5.html b/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_1/act_0_2_1_5.html index adfdeef..29fe9e0 100644 --- a/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_1/act_0_2_1_5.html +++ b/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_1/act_0_2_1_5.html @@ -271,13 +271,19 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • diff --git a/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_1/act_0_2_1_6.html b/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_1/act_0_2_1_6.html index 5a329a2..3a740db 100644 --- a/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_1/act_0_2_1_6.html +++ b/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_1/act_0_2_1_6.html @@ -271,13 +271,19 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • diff --git a/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_1/act_0_2_1_7.html b/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_1/act_0_2_1_7.html index 38a8cd5..f990c5a 100644 --- a/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_1/act_0_2_1_7.html +++ b/act_0/act_0_2/act_0_2_1/act_0_2_1_7.html @@ -271,13 +271,19 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • diff --git a/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_0/act_1_0_0_1.html b/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_0/act_1_0_0_1.html index 31edcf0..617c913 100644 --- a/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_0/act_1_0_0_1.html +++ b/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_0/act_1_0_0_1.html @@ -271,13 +271,19 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • diff --git a/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_0/act_1_0_0_2.html b/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_0/act_1_0_0_2.html index bee8987..06d859d 100644 --- a/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_0/act_1_0_0_2.html +++ b/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_0/act_1_0_0_2.html @@ -271,13 +271,19 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • diff --git a/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_0/act_1_0_0_3.html b/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_0/act_1_0_0_3.html index 44ab59c..fd940a3 100644 --- a/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_0/act_1_0_0_3.html +++ b/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_0/act_1_0_0_3.html @@ -271,13 +271,19 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • diff --git a/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_0/act_1_0_0_4.html b/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_0/act_1_0_0_4.html index 0e0239c..d8562e6 100644 --- a/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_0/act_1_0_0_4.html +++ b/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_0/act_1_0_0_4.html @@ -273,13 +273,19 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • diff --git a/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_0/act_1_0_0_5.html b/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_0/act_1_0_0_5.html index 19df7de..84c272f 100644 --- a/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_0/act_1_0_0_5.html +++ b/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_0/act_1_0_0_5.html @@ -271,13 +271,19 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • diff --git a/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_0/act_1_0_0_6.html b/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_0/act_1_0_0_6.html index dcbb936..37386f4 100644 --- a/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_0/act_1_0_0_6.html +++ b/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_0/act_1_0_0_6.html @@ -273,13 +273,19 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • diff --git a/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_0/act_1_0_0_7.html b/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_0/act_1_0_0_7.html index ab60443..b50e22d 100644 --- a/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_0/act_1_0_0_7.html +++ b/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_0/act_1_0_0_7.html @@ -271,13 +271,19 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • diff --git a/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_1/act_1_0_1_1.html b/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_1/act_1_0_1_1.html index dfba8b8..ae25f08 100644 --- a/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_1/act_1_0_1_1.html +++ b/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_1/act_1_0_1_1.html @@ -271,13 +271,19 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • diff --git a/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_1/act_1_0_1_2.html b/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_1/act_1_0_1_2.html index e9aec71..50e47ff 100644 --- a/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_1/act_1_0_1_2.html +++ b/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_1/act_1_0_1_2.html @@ -273,13 +273,19 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • diff --git a/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_1/act_1_0_1_3.html b/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_1/act_1_0_1_3.html index 5b0d760..e27a4fb 100644 --- a/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_1/act_1_0_1_3.html +++ b/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_1/act_1_0_1_3.html @@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ - + @@ -271,13 +271,19 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • @@ -631,7 +637,7 @@

    59#< title="next page">

    next

    -

    .

    +

    diff --git a/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_1/act_1_0_1_4.html b/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_1/act_1_0_1_4.html index 616df4d..9e0aab5 100644 --- a/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_1/act_1_0_1_4.html +++ b/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_1/act_1_0_1_4.html @@ -276,11 +276,16 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • diff --git a/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_1/act_1_0_1_5.html b/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_1/act_1_0_1_5.html index b77b922..faf4f38 100644 --- a/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_1/act_1_0_1_5.html +++ b/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_1/act_1_0_1_5.html @@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ - + @@ -274,11 +274,16 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • @@ -655,7 +660,7 @@

    61#< title="next page">

    next

    -

    .

    +

    diff --git a/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_1/act_1_0_1_6.html b/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_1/act_1_0_1_6.html index 06ab164..adfc36e 100644 --- a/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_1/act_1_0_1_6.html +++ b/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_1/act_1_0_1_6.html @@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ - + @@ -278,10 +278,14 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • @@ -632,7 +636,7 @@

    62#< title="next page">

    next

    -

    .

    +

    diff --git a/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_1/act_1_0_1_7.html b/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_1/act_1_0_1_7.html index d70ef73..62a713f 100644 --- a/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_1/act_1_0_1_7.html +++ b/act_1/act_1_0/act_1_0_1/act_1_0_1_7.html @@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ - + @@ -278,9 +278,12 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • @@ -671,7 +674,7 @@

    63#< title="next page">

    next

    -

    .

    +

    diff --git a/act_1/act_1_1/act_1_1_0/act_1_1_0_1.html b/act_1/act_1_1/act_1_1_0/act_1_1_0_1.html index 0763fab..73b7cde 100644 --- a/act_1/act_1_1/act_1_1_0/act_1_1_0_1.html +++ b/act_1/act_1_1/act_1_1_0/act_1_1_0_1.html @@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ - + @@ -280,8 +280,10 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • @@ -616,7 +618,7 @@

    64#< title="next page">

    next

    -

    .

    +

    diff --git a/act_1/act_1_1/act_1_1_0/act_1_1_0_2.html b/act_1/act_1_1/act_1_1_0/act_1_1_0_2.html index 54dc9f1..b5e06f8 100644 --- a/act_1/act_1_1/act_1_1_0/act_1_1_0_2.html +++ b/act_1/act_1_1/act_1_1_0/act_1_1_0_2.html @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ - . — Abaise Igaga + — Abaise Igaga @@ -64,8 +64,8 @@ - - + + @@ -271,13 +271,19 @@
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • -
  • .
    • +
    • +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • + +
    • +
  • .
  • .
  • .
    • @@ -516,7 +522,9 @@ `); - + @@ -527,11 +535,21 @@
    -

    .

    +

    +
    +

    Contents

    +
    +
    @@ -542,7 +560,201 @@

    .

    -

    .#

    +

    #

    +
    +
    +

    65#

    +
    +
    + + +Hide code cell source + +
    +
    from IPython.display import display, HTML  # Updated import line
+
+html_code = '''
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+    <style>
+        .expanded-info {
+            display: none;
+        }
+        span.expanded-word {
+            text-decoration: underline;
+            cursor: pointer;
+        }
+    </style>
+    <script>
+        function toggleExpand(elementId) {
+            var expandedInfo = document.getElementById(elementId);
+            if (expandedInfo.style.display === 'none' || expandedInfo.style.display === '') {
+                expandedInfo.style.display = 'block';
+            } else {
+                expandedInfo.style.display = 'none';
+            }
+        }
+    </script>
+    <script type="text/javascript" async
+      src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.7/MathJax.js?config=TeX-MML-AM_CHTML">
+    </script>
+</head>
+<body>
+    <details>
+        <summary>1. Philosophy</summary>
+        (Data generating process) <br>
+        Agents - <i>F=ma</i>
+        <ul>
+            <li>gods</li>
+            <li>demigods</li>
+            <li>heroes</li>
+            <li>villains</li>
+            <li>mortals</li>
+        </ul>
+
+        Verbs - <i>W=Fd</i>
+        <ul>
+            <li>create</li>
+            <li>shepherd</li>
+            <li>free</li>
+            <li>control</li>
+            <li>usurp</li>
+        </ul>
+
+        Objects - <i>Credo</i>
+        <ul>
+            <li>cosmos</li>
+            <li>planets đŸȘ</li>
+            <li>life</li>
+            <li><span class="expanded-word" onclick="toggleExpand('emotion')">emotion</span>
+                <div id="emotion" class="expanded-info">
+                    <ul>
+                        <li>struggle/monumental</li>
+                        <li>worship/antiquarian</li>
+                        <li><span style="color:red;">terror</span>/critical</li>
+                    </ul>
+                </div>
+            </li>
+            <li>social</li>
+        </ul>
+        <i>(May the 4th be with you)</i> <br>
+    </details>
+</body>
+</html>
+'''
+
+display(HTML(html_code))
+
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    + + + + + + + + +
    + 1. Philosophy + (Data generating process)
    + Agents - F=ma +
      +
    • gods
      • +
    • demigods
      • +
    • heroes
      • +
    • villains
      • +
    • mortals
      • +
    + + Verbs - W=Fd +
      +
    • create
      • +
    • shepherd
      • +
    • free
      • +
    • control
      • +
    • usurp
      • +
    + + Objects - Credo +
      +
    • cosmos
      • +
    • planets đŸȘ
      • +
    • life
      • +
    • emotion +
      +
        +
      • struggle/monumental
        • +
      • worship/antiquarian
        • +
      • terror/critical
        • +
      +
      +
      • +
    • social
      • +
    + (May the 4th be with you)
    +
    + + +
    +
    +
      +

    1. Knowledge

      2. +

    2. Error

      3. +

    3. Variance/Bias

      4. +

    4. Info/Control

      5. +
    +
    +

    Culture | Scare-brained

    +

    How fear has shaped human affairs

    +

    A new history argues that power depends on frightening people

    +

    +

    image: anthony gerace

    +

    Sep 9th 2023

    +
    +

    Listen to this story. Enjoy more audio and podcasts on iOS or Android.

    +

    +
    +

    Fear: An Alternative History of the World. By Robert Peckham. Profile Books; 448 pages; ÂŁ25

    +

    One of the bestselling books of all time was about witches. It was not a cheerful romp like the Harry Potter novels. Instead, it was a serious instruction manual, explaining how to identify, capture, torture confessions from—and eventually kill—Satan’s handmaidens. Published in 1486, “Malleus Maleficarum” (“Hammer of Witches”) reputedly sold more copies over the next two centuries than any book bar the Bible.

    +

    As Robert Peckham, a fellow at the Royal Historical Society in London, writes in “Fear: An Alternative History of the World”, anxiety about witches sprang from ignorance. Knowing nothing of microbes, people guessed that misfortunes such as disease were caused by magic. Yet their fear could be manipulated for political purposes. Christendom was split in the 16th century, with the pope and various Protestant potentates vying for control. Exterminating witches was a handy way for an earthly ruler to signal which side he was on: God’s, not the Devil’s.

    +

    Fear is a primal, necessary emotion. Mr Peckham calls it “a neurobiological process to keep us alive”. If our ancestors had not feared cliff-edges or sabre-toothed tigers, we might not be here today. The flipside is that, since humans are a communicative, imaginative species, fear can be conjured out of whispers. His book does not quite live up to its ambitious subtitle, but it illuminates the many ways in which fear has shaped human behaviour over the past 700 years, from which readers can draw lessons for the present.

    +

    The main one is: “Power depends on fear.” Mr Peckham argues that the turmoil of the Reformation and Counter-Reformation stemmed partly from the Catholic church’s loss of its “monopoly on fear” in western Europe. For a thousand years it had convinced people that it alone held the keys to the afterlife. It could turn people’s fear of eternal torment into cash by selling indulgences. One peddler of these “get-out-of-purgatory” certificates, Johann Tetzel, used to frighten congregations into paying up “by conjuring visions of their dead parents wailing for mercy” while being tortured by demons.

    +

    When Martin Luther rebelled against such abuses, many people were no doubt swayed by his theological arguments. But an additional incentive for the kings who declared their realms Protestant was that they could then shake off the pope’s temporal authority and wield some of his awesome tools to support their own states. +Much of this book was written during the covid-19 pandemic, so the author naturally ponders the fear of infection—and its manipulation by the powerful. When the Black Death struck Europe, rumours spread that unpopular minorities, such as “Jews, Muslims, paupers, lepers and foreigners”, might be “malevolent carriers of contagion”. Horrific persecution followed.

    +

    Terrified of the social unrest stirred up by the plague, the ruling class was happy to direct popular rage towards targets other than themselves. Some had other motives, too. The bishop of Strasbourg, who had 2,000 Jews burned to death one day in 1349, owed huge sums to Jewish moneylenders. (Conspiracy theories about Jews persist today, many of them directed at the Rothschilds)

    +

    Covid was less awful than the Black Death. Medicine has advanced over the centuries, but human nature has changed rather less. Fear of the coronavirus seeded all manner of conspiracy theories, and many governments took advantage of pandemic panic to suppress civil liberties. While living in Hong Kong, Mr Peckham observed first-hand how the Chinese Communist Party used the virus as an excuse to ban the pro-democracy protests that had rocked the place in 2019-20.

    +

    The book explores how easy it is for bold liars to fan terror. As Hermann Göring, Adolf Hitler’s air chief, summarised: “All you have to do is tell [the people] they are being attacked and denounce the pacifists for lack of patriotism and exposing the country to danger. It works the same way in any country.” The Nazis also promoted environmental alarmism, claiming that a looming global food shortage justified invading neighbouring countries.

    +

    One of the best antidotes to fear is humour. Luther used a new form of mass communication—the printing press—to mock the pope. Salacious cartoons depicted Rome as a brothel, cardinals emerging from the Devil’s backside and the pope astride a pig. Laughter can assuage fear and puncture authority.

    +

    Small wonder fearmongers try to kill satirists. Sir Salman Rushdie gets only a passing mention but deserves more. In 1988 he published a novel that satirised many figures, including the Ayatollah Khomeini, Iran’s despot. Khomeini urged Muslims to murder the author, citing the book’s allegedly blasphemous depiction of the Prophet Muhammad. Last year a zealot in New York stabbed Sir Salman in the eye.

    +

    Khomeini died in 1989, but the terror he stoked lives on. His immediate motive was probably to bolster support for his joyless regime. That seems to have worked: it still misrules Iran. But the fatwa had global consequences, making clear that the anti-blasphemy laws of a reactionary theocracy could be enforced by volunteer assassins anywhere on the planet.

    +

    In liberal countries writers, artists and comedians are now scared to discuss the Prophet, let alone lampoon him. In many Islamic countries, the assassin’s veto hangs over wide areas of intellectual life: freewheeling debate on the role faith plays in politics is almost impossible. Thus one long-bearded, long-buried Iranian fearmonger continues to obstruct the progress of a quarter of humanity.

    +

    There are two compelling reasons to read this book. First, in a depressing number of places, including China, India and Russia, governments are ramping up their use of fear to keep citizens in line. Second, people’s memories of how such tactics have worked in the past are worryingly hazy. In a poll Mr Peckham cites, almost half of young Russians were unaware of Stalin’s reign of terror. Now that’s scary. ■

    +

    For more on the latest books, films, tv shows, albums and controversies, sign up to Plot Twist, our weekly subscriber-only newsletter

    +

    This article appeared in the Culture section of the print edition under the headline “Scare-brained”

    - + @@ -527,11 +535,21 @@
    -

    .

    +

    +
    +

    Contents

    +
    +
    @@ -542,7 +560,51 @@

    .

    -

    .#

    +

    #

    +
    +
    +

    66#

    +

    The Agent-Verb-Object (AVO) structure is not just confined to natural languages; it can also be observed in programming to some extent, although not in the same way as in natural language sentences. Let’s delve into how AVO applies to both types of languages:

    +

    Hey, HTML: could you style “Culture” for me?

    +
    <span style="color:red;">Culture</span>
+
    +
    +

    This will change the color of the word “Culture” to red. You can replace red with any other color code or name according to your needs.

    +

    Natural Language

    +

    Natural languages like English often use the Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) structure, which is a special case of the AVO model. For instance, “The cat (Agent) catches (Verb) the mouse (Object).”

    +

    Programming Language

    +

    In programming languages, the AVO structure can be thought of more abstractly:

    +
      +

    1. Agent: The object or variable that will perform an action.

      2. +

    2. Verb: The method or function that specifies what action to take.

      3. +

    3. Object: The parameter or argument that the action is performed on.

      4. +
    +

    Here’s an example in Python:

    +
    list.append(item)
+
    +
    +
      +

    • Agent: list

      • +

    • Verb: append

      • +

    • Object: item

      • +
    +

    Or in JavaScript, using the DOM:

    +
    document.getElementById('myID')
+
    +
    +
      +

    • Agent: document

      • +

    • Verb: getElementById

      • +

    • Object: 'myID'

      • +
    +

    Combined Example (Natural + Programming)

    +

    Consider a research project that aims to analyze natural language text to identify the most commonly used AVO structures. You could use Python’s Natural Language Toolkit (NLTK) to parse sentences and identify AVO patterns:

    +
      +

    • Agent: NLTK library

      • +

    • Verb: Parse

      • +

    • Object: Sentences from a text corpus

      • +
    +

    Understanding this structure helps not only in breaking down how sentences are formed or commands are executed but also in designing better algorithms for natural language processing or more intuitive programming languages and APIs. Given your multidisciplinary interests, this might be an avenue for research, possibly funded through an NSF grant focused on computational linguistics and human-computer interaction.