Q1. According to the shared responsibility model, which cloud computing model places the most responsibility on the cloud service provider (CSP)?
- Hybrid Cloud
- Software as a Service (SaaS)
- Platform as a Service (PaaS)
- Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
- PaaS
- public cloud
- private cloud
- IaaS
Q3. Your organization recently implemented a unified messaging solution and VoIP phones on every desktop. You are responsible for researching the vulnerabilities of the VoIP system. Which type of attack are VoIP phones most vulnerable to experiencing?
- denial-of-service
- brute force attacks
- malware
- buffer overflow
- cloud access security broker (CASB)
- intrusion prevention system (IPS)
- intrusion detection system (IDS)
- next generation firewall
Explanation: An intrusion detection system (IDS) is a device or software application that monitors a network or systems for malicious activity or policy violations.
- SIEM
- UTM
- protocol analyzer
- data sink
- code review
- code analysis
- static analysis
- dynamic analysis
Q7. Which option describes testing that individual software developers can conduct on their own code?
- gray box testing
- integration testing
- white box testing
- unit testing
Q8. In black box penetration testing, what information is provided to the tester about the target environment?
- none
- limited details of server and network infrastructure
- all information
- limited details of server infrastructure
Q9. Which security control can best protect against shadow IT by identifying and preventing use of unsanctioned cloud apps and services?
- intrusion prevention system (IPS)
- next generation firewall
- cloud access security broker (CASB)
- intrusion detection system (IDS)
- monitoring of normal employee system and data access patterns
- applying system and application updates regularly
- fault tolerant infrastructure and data redundancy
- separation of duties and job rotation
Q11. During a penetration test, you find a file containing hashed passwords for the system you are attempting to breach. Which type of attack is most likely to succeed in accessing the hashed passwords in a reasonable amount of time?
- rainbow table attack
- pass-the-hash attack
- password spray attack
- brute force attack
Explanation: A rainbow table attack is a more efficient and effective way of cracking many hashed passwords, whereas brute-forcing would take much longer and may not complete in a reasonable amount of time.
- 4
- 1
- 2
- 3
Q13. You configure an encrypted USB drive for a user who needs to deliver a sensitive file at an in-person meeting. What type of encryption is typically used to encrypt the file?
- file hash
- asymmetric encryption
- digital signature
- symmetric encryption
- DRP works to keep a business up and running despite a disaster. BCP works to restore the original business capabilities.
- BCP works to keep a business up and running despite a disaster. DRP works to restore the original business capabilities.
- BCP is part of DRP.
- DRP is part of BCP.
- non-repudiation
- integrity
- availability
- confidentiality
Q16. You need to recommend a solution to automatically assess your cloud-hosted VMs against CIS benchmarks to identify deviations from security best practices. What type of solution should you recommend?
- Cloud Security Posture Management (CSPM)
- Intrusion Detection and Prevention System (IDPS)
- Cloud Workload Protection Platforms (CWPP)
- Cloud Access Security Brokers (CASBs)
- Compression
- Hashing
- Symmetric encryption
- Stenography
- CCPA
- GDPR
- NIST Privacy Framework
- OSPF
Q19. what is the term for the policies and technologies implemented to protect, limit, monitor, audit, and govern identities with access to sensitive data and resources?
- identity and access management (IAM)
- privileged account management (PAM)
- authentication and authorization
- least privilege
Q20. You have configured audit settings in your organization's cloud services in the event of a security incident. What type of security control is an audit trail?
- preventive control
- detective control
- directive control
- corrective control
Explanation: An audit trail is typically considered a detective security control in the context of the CISSP.
- grayout
- blackout
- brownout
- whiteout
Q22. Your security team recommends adding a layer of defense against emerging persistent threats and zero-day exploits for all endpoints on your network. The solution should offer protection from external threats for network-connected devices, regardless of operating system. Which solution is best suited to meet this requirement?
- Security Information Event Management (SIEM)
- Extended Detection and Response (XDR)
- next generation firewall (NGFW)
- Cloud App Security Broker (CASB)
- TRIKE
- TOGAF
- STRIDE
- MITRE ATT&CK
Q24. You organization is conducting a pilot deployment of a new e-commerce application being considered for purchase. You need to recommend a strategy to evaluate the security of the new software. Your organization does not have access to the application's source code.
- dynamic application security testing
- unit testing
- white box testing
- static application security testing
Q25. You need to disable the camera on corporate devices to prevent screen capture and recording of sensitive documents, meetings, and conversations. Which solution would be be suited to the task?
- Mobile Device Management (MDM)
- Data Loss Prevention (DLP)
- Intrusion Detection and Prevention System (IDPS)
- Cloud Access Security Broker (CASB)
- 200
- 400
- 100
- 300
Explanation: The formula for asymmetric encryption is 2n; where n is the number of communicating parties.
Q27. Two competing online retailers process credit card transactions for customers in countries on every continent. One organization is based in the United States. The other is based in the Netherlands. With which regulation must both countries comply while ensuring the security of these transactions?
- Federal Information Security Managment Act (FISMA)
- Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI-DSS)
- General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
- International Organization for Standardization and International Electrotechnical Commission (ISO/IEC 27018)
Explanation: The Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) is the global card industry security standard that is required of all entities that store, process, or transmit cardholder data, including financial institutions, online retailers and service providers.
Q28. What provides a common language for describing security incidents in a structures and repeatable manner?
- Common event format
- common weakness enumeration
- common vulnerabilties and exposures
- common vulnerability scoring system
Explanation: The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system provides a reference-method for publicly known information-security vulnerabilities and exposures.
Q29. Which type of application can intercept sensative information such as passwords on a network segment?
- log server
- network scanner
- firewall
- protocol analyzer
Explanation: A protocol analyzer is a tool used to capture and analyze signals and data traffic over a communication channel.
WireShark is a protocol analyzer.
Q30. An attacker has discovered that they can deduce a sensitive piece of confidential information by analyzing multiple pieces of less sensitive public data. What type of security issue exists?
- aggregation
- inference
- SQL injection
- cross-origin resouce sharing
Explanation: An Inference Attack is a data mining technique performed by analyzing data in order to illegitimately gain knowledge about a subject or database. A subject's sensitive information can be considered as leaked if an adversary can infer its real value with a high confidence. Source: (Wikipedia).
- Zero Trust Security
- Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)
- authorization
- Single Sign-On
- processor
- object
- subject
- controller
- use least privilege access
- verify explicitly
- trust but verify
- assume breach
Explanation: zero trust assumes that the system will be breached and designs security as if there is no perimeter. Hence, don’t trust anything by default.
- ARP spoofing
- pharming attacks
- cross-site scripting (XSS)
- DNS poisoning
Q35. You are a security analyst, and you receive a text message alerting you of a possible attack. Which security control is the least likely to produce this type of alert?
- IDS
- SIEM
- packet sniffer
- IPS
Q36. SQL injection inserts a code fragment that makes a database statement universally true, like _.
-
SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = " AND 1=1--' -
SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = " AND 1!=1--' -
SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = " OR 1=1--' -
SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = " OR 1!=1--'
- static analysis
- black box testing
- dynamic analysis
- penetration testing
- Autopsy
- Snort
- Nmap
- Wireshark
Explanation: nmap is a port scanner https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nmap wireshark is a traffic analyzer snort is an IDS autopsy is for forensic analysis
Q39. When implementing a data loss prevention (DLP) strategy, what is the first step in the process?
- Evaluate the features of available DLP products to determine which best meet your organizations's needs.
- Examine the flow of sensitive data in your organization to better understand usage patterns.
- Conduct an inventory of all the data in your organization to establish classifications based on sensitivity.
- Conduct a risk assessment to determine the best data labeling strategy for your organization.
- virus
- worm
- rootkit
- Trojan horse
- encryption
- a metropolitan area network
- a virtual local area network
- a wide area network
- authentication
- Single Sign-On
- authorization
- Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)
Q43. Which cyberattack aims to exhaust an application's resources, making the application unavailable to legitimate users?
- SQL injection
- dictionary attack
- Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS)
- rainbow table attack
Q44. You are a recent cybersecurity hire, and your first assignment is to present on the possible threats to your organization. Which of the following best describes the task?
- risk mitigation
- threat assessment
- risk management
- enumeration
Q45. You are at a coffee shop and connect to a public wireless access point (WAP). What a type of cybersecurity attack are you most likely to experience?
- man-in-the-middle attack
- back door
- logic bomb
- virus
Q46. You have been tasked with recommending a solution to centrally manage mobile devices used throughout your organization. Which technology would best meet this need?
- Extended Detection and Responde (XDR)
- Security Information Event Management (SIEM)
- Intrusion Detection and Prevention System (IDPS)
- Mobile Device Management (MDM)
Q47. Which type of vulnerability cannot be discovered in the course of a typical vulnerability assessment?
- file permissions
- buffer overflow
- zero-day vulnerability
- cross-site scripting
Q48. The DLP project team is about to classify your organization's data. Whats is the primary purpose of classifying data?
- It identifies regulatory compliance requirements.
- It prioritizes IT budget expenditures.
- It quantifies the potential cost of a data breach.
- It establishes the value of data to the organization.
Explanation: The primary purpose of classifying data in the context of Data Loss Prevention (DLP) is to help organizations identify, label, and protect sensitive information from unauthorized disclosure or leakage. DLP is a set of technologies and processes designed to prevent the unauthorized access, use, and transmission of sensitive data.
Q49. You are responsible for managing security of your organization's public cloud infrastructure. You need to implement security to protect the data and applications running in a variety of IaaS and PaaS services, including a new Kubernetes cluster. What type of solution is best suited to this requirement?
- Cloud Workload Protection Platforms (CWPP)
- Cloud Security Posture Management (CSPM)
- Cloud Access Security Brokers (CASBs)
- Intrusion Detection and Prevention System (IDPS)
- identification
- authorization
- accounting
- authentication
Explanation: Sharing account credentials violates the authentication aspect of access control. Authentication is the process of verifying the identity of a user, system, or application, and sharing credentials undermines this process by allowing multiple individuals to use the same set of login credentials, potentially compromising the security of the system.
Q51. You have recovered a server that was compromised in a malware attack to its previous state. What is the final step in the incident response process?
- Eradication / Remediation
- Certification
- Reporting
- Lessons Learned
- asymmetric
- symmetric
- hashing
- all of these answers
Q53. You have just identified and mitigated an active malware attack on a user's computer, in which command and control was established. What is the next step in the process?
- Reporting
- Recovery
- Eradiction / Remediation
- Lessons Learned
Explanation: Pages 29 to 31 ->
- C
- Java
- Ruby
- Python
- risk acceptance, risk mitigation, risk containment, and risk qualification
- risk avoidance, risk transference, risk containment, and risk quantification
- risk avoidance, risk mitigation, risk containment, and risk acceptance
- risk avoidance, risk transference, risk mitigation, and risk acceptance
Q56. To implement encryption in transit, such as with the HTTPS protocol for secure web browsing, which type(s) of encryption is/are used?
- asymmetric
- both symmetric and asymmetric
- neither symmetric or asymmetric
- symmetric
Q57. Which type of program uses Windows Hooks to capture keystrokes typed by the user, hides in the process list, and can compromise their system as well as their online access codes and password?
- trojan
- keystroke collector
- typethief
- keylogger
- by destroying them
- by encrypting them
- by stealing them
- by selling them
Q59. Your computer has been infected, and is sending out traffic to a targeted system upon receiving a command from a botmaster. What condition is your computer currently in?
- It has become a money mule.
- It has become a zombie.
- It has become a bastion host.
- It has become a botnet.
Q60. You choose a cybersecurity framework for your financial organization that implements an effective and auditable set of governance and management processes for IT. Which framework are you choosing?
- C2M2
- NIST SP 800-37
- ISO/IEC 27001
- COBIT
Q61. NIST issued a revision to SP 800-37 in December 2018. It provides a disciplined, structured, and flexible process for managing security and privacy risk. Which type of document is SP 800-37?
- a risk management framework
- a guide to risk assessments
- a guideline for vulnerability testing
- a step-by-step guide for performing business impact analyses
Q62. The most notorious military-grade advanced persistent threat was deployed in 2010, and targeted centrifuges in Iran. What was this APT call?
- duqu
- agent BTZ
- stuxnet
- flame
Q63. Where would you record risks that have been identified and their details, such as their ID and name, classification of information, and the risk owner?
- in the risk assessment documentation
- in the risk register
- in the business impact ledger
- in the Orange Book
- disconnection from the network
- early containment
- continuation of monitoring for other incidents
- eradication of the issues
Q65. FUD is expensive and often causes high drama over low risk. Which computer chip exploits were reported by CNN as needing to be completely replaced, but were later fixed with firmware updates?
- fire and ice exploits
- meltdown and spectre exploits
- Intel and STMicro CPU exploits
- super microboard and Apple iPhone exploits
Q66. The ASD Top Four are application whitelisting, patching of applications, patching of operating systems, and limiting administrative privileges. What percent of breaches do these account for?
- 40 percent
- 60 percent
- 85 percent
- 100 percent
Q67. You are working in the security operations center analyzing traffic on your network. You detect what you believe to be a port scan. What does this mean?
- This could be a specific program being run by your accounting department.
- This is an in-progress attack and should be reported immediately
- This is normal operation for your business.
- This could be a precursor to an attack.
- annual
- biannually
- bimonthly
- monthly
Q69. Your incident response team is unable to contain an incident because they lack authority to take action without management approval. Which critical step in the preparation phase did your team skip?
- From an incident response committee to oversee any incidents that may occur.
- Get preauthorized to take unilateral action and make or direct emergency changes.
- Bring management in as leadership on the incident response team.
- Assign a head of the emergency response team who has the correct authority
Q70. NIST SP 800-53 is one of two important control frameworks used in cybersecurity. What is the other one?
- ISO 27001
- NIST SP 800-54
- ISO 27002
- NIST SP 751-51
Q71. Which organization, established by NIST in 1990, runs workshops to foster coordination in incident prevention, stimulate rapid reaction to incidents, and allow experts to share information?
- Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams
- Crest UK Response Teams
- Community of Computer Incident Response Teams
- NIST Special Publication 800-61 Response Teams
Q72. You have implemented controls to mitigate the threats, vulnerabilities, and impact to your business. Which type of risk is left over?
- inherent risk
- residual risk
- applied risk
- leftover risk
Q73. There are four possible treatments once an assessment has identified a risk. Which risk treatment implements controls to reduce risk?
- risk mitigation
- risk acceptance
- risk avoidance
- risk transfer
Q74. Which security control scheme do vendors often submit their products to for evaluation, to provide an independent view of product assurance?
- Common Criteria
- risk management certification board
- OWASP security evaluation
- ISO 27000
Q75. Which organization has published the most comprehensive set of controls in its security guideline for the Internet of Things?
- IoT ISACA
- IoT Security Foundation
- OWASP
- GSMA
Q76. Which main reference coupled with the Cloud Security Alliance Guidance comprise the Security Guidance for Critical Areas of Focus in Cloud Computing?
- ISO 27001
- ISO 27017
- Cloud Security Guidelines
- Cloud Controls Matrix
- It is versatile, accurate, and operates at a very high speed.
- It is tamper-proof, can always be invoked, and must be small enough to test.
- It is restricted, confidential, and top secret
Q78. According to NIST, what is the first action required to take advantage of the cybersecurity framework?
- Identify the key business outcomes.
- Understand the threats and vulnerabilities.
- Conduct a risk assessment.
- Analyze and prioritize gaps to create the action plan.
Q79. You are implementing a cybersecurity program in your organization and want to use the "de facto standard" cybersecurity framework. Which option would you choose?
- the ISACA Cybersecurity Framework
- the COBIT Cybersecurity Framework
- the ISC2 Cybersecurity Framework
- the NIST Cybersecurity Framework
Q80. In 2014, 4,278 IP addresses of zombie computers were used to flood a business with over one million packets per minute for about one hour. What is this type of attack called?
- a salami attack
- a DoS (Denial of Service) attack
- a DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) attack
- a botnet attack
Q81. The regulatory requirements for notifications of data breaches, particularly the European General Data Protection Regulations, have had what sort of effect on business?
- an increased business liability in the event of a data breach
- an increased consumer liability in the event of a data breach
- a decreased consumer liability in the event of a data breach
- a decreased business liability in the event of a data breach
- FedRAMP
- GDPR
- PCI-DSS
- HIPAA
- DevSecOps requires the inclusion of cybersecurity engineers in the CI/CD process of DevOps.
- DevSecOps slows down the CI/CD process of DevOps.
- DevSecOps places security controls in the CI/CD process of DevOps.
- DevSecOps lets cybersecurity engineers dictate the CI/CD process of DevOps.
- always
- only when assessing regulatory compliance
- only if following the Agile model
- never
Q85. Your organization service customer orders with a custom ordering system developed in-hose. You are responsible for recommending a cloud model to meet the following requirements:
Control of security required for regulatory compliance
Legacy application and database support
Scalability to meet seasonal increases in demand
Which cloud model is the best option for these requirements?
- government cloud
- public cloud
- hybrid cloud
- private cloud
Q86. You have just conducted a port scan of a network. There is no well-known port active. How do you find a webserver running on a host, which uses a random port number?
- Give up on the current target network and move on to the next one.
- Switch to another network scanning tool. Resort to more resource-intensive probing, like launching random attacks to all open ports.
- Turn on the stealth mode in your network scanning tool. Check whether you missed any other active ports associated with web servers.
- Turn on additional options in your network scanning tool to further investigate the details (type and version) of applications running on the rest of the active ports.
Q87. Executives in your organization exchange emails with external business partners when negotiating valuable business contracts. To ensure that these communications are legally defensible, the security team has recommended that a digital signature be added to these message.
What are the primary goals of the digital signature in this scenario? (Choose the best answer.)
- integrity and non-repudiation
- privacy and non-repudiation
- privacy and confidentiality
- integrity and privacy
- MD5
- Caesar cipher
- symmetric-key encryption
- asymmetric-key encryption
- Agile
- Model-Driven Development
- Waterfall
- Model-Driven Architecture
Q90. Which information security principle states that organizations should defend systems against any particular attack using several independent methods?
- separation of duties
- privileged account management (PAM)
- defense-in-depth
- least privilege
- Testing and release should be 100% automated
- Role separation is the key to software security
- Final responsibility for security rests with the architect of the application
- Everyone in the process is responsible for security
Explanation: DevSecOps emphasizes the integration of security practices throughout the entire software development lifecycle, and it promotes a cultural shift where everyone involved in the development and operations processes takes responsibility for security. This includes developers, operations teams, and other stakeholders working collaboratively to integrate security into every stage of the development process.
Q92. You need to implement a solution to protect internet-facing applications from common attacks like XSSm CSRF, and SQL injection. Which option is best suited to the task?
- Security Information Event Management (SIEM)
- an Instruction Detection and Prevention System (IDPS) appliance
- a web application firewall (WAF)
- a stateful packet inspection firewall
- Eradication / Remediation
- Reporting
- Containment / Mitigation
- Recovery
- by reducing DLP licensing costs
- by ensuring that data is not retained beyond its necessary retention date
- by destroying data that may implicate company executives in dishonest behavior
- by reducing cost associated with data storage and protection
Q95. You believe a recent service outage due to a denial-of-service attack from a disgruntled inside source. What is the name for the malicious act this employee has committed?
- espionage
- sabotage
- fraud
- confidentiality breach
Q96. Which option is a framework widely utilized by organizations in the development of security governance standards?
- Software Capability Maturity Model (SW-CMM)
- Control Objectives for Information and Related Technologies (COBIT)
- The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF)
- Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
Q97. There are connection-oriented and connectionless protocols in networking. What do web browsers use to ensure the integrity of the data it sends and receives?
- UDP that is connection-oriented
- TCP that is connection-oriented
- UDP that is connectionless
- TCP that is connectionless
Q98. Which type of attack targets vulnerabilities associated with translating MAC addresses into IP addresses in computer networking?
- DNS poisoning
- CRL trapping
- ARP spoofing
- DDoS
Q99. You are part of an incident response team at your company. While sifting through log files collected by a SIEM, you discover some suspicious log entries that you want to investigate further. Which type of the following best refers to those recorded activities demanding additional scrutiny?
- attack
- information
- threat
- event
Q100. You are responsible for forensic investigations in your organization.You have been tasked with investigating a compromised virtual application server. Becase a revenue generating application runs on the server, the server needs to be returned to service as quickly as possible.
What is the next step you should take to best fulfill your responsibilities and meet the needs of the business?
- Restore the server from backup immediately.
- Take the server offline until your investigation is complete.
- Take a snapshot of the compromised virtual server for your investigation.
- Restart the server. Remediate the issue after business hours.
Q101. Site-to-site VPN provides access from one network address space (192.168.0.0/24) to another network address space _.
- 192.168.0.1/24
- 192.168.0.3/24
- 10.10.0.0/24
- 192.168.0.2/24
Q102. You are researching probable threats to your company’s internet-facing web applications. Which organization should you reference as an authoritative source for information on web-based attack vectors?
- EC-Council
- ISACA
- NIST
- OWASP
Q103. Which action is most likely to simplify security staff training, improve integration between security components, and reduce risk to the business? (Choose the best answer.)
- adopting a "best-in-suite" approach to security
- adopting a "trust but verify" approach to security
- adopting a "best-of-breed" approach to security
- adopting a "defense-in-depth" approach to security
Explanation: A "best-in-suite" approach involves selecting a comprehensive security solution from a single vendor that integrates various security components. This approach can simplify training because security staff only need to become familiar with one integrated suite rather than multiple standalone products. It can also improve integration between components since they are designed to work seamlessly together. Additionally, a unified suite can offer a more cohesive and consistent security strategy, potentially reducing the complexity of managing diverse security tools. An example could be using Okta to provide SSO for all of your organization's logins.
- Ping of death
- Buffer overflow
- Distributed Denial of Service
- Denial of Service
- identifying and valuing assets
- analyzing risks by criticality and cost
- discontinuing activities that introduce risk
- identifying threats and analyzing vulnerabilities
Q106. In response to an alert regarding a possible security incident, you are analyzing the logs for a web application. In the process, you see the following string: ./../../../var/secrets What type of attack was most likely attempted against the application?
- brute force
- session hijacking
- cross-site scripting
- directory traversal
-
-
2
-
1
-
3
-
4
- Extended Detection and Response (XDR)
- Cloud Security Posture Management (CSPM)
- Security Information Event Management (SEIM)
- Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR)
Q109. A website is asking for a password and also sending an authentication code to your phone. What factors are used in this multi-factor authentication scenario?
- what you have and what you do
- what you know and what you are
- what you have and what you know
- what you do and what you know
- DBIR
- CVE
- CWE
- CERT
Explanation: Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) is a universal online dictionary of security defects that have been found in computer software.
- Plain cryptography
- Antivirus
- Design powerful malicious software
- Asymmetric backdoor
Explanation: Cryptovirology involves the application of cryptographic techniques to create powerful and destructive malware, with ransomware being a notable example. In ransomware attacks, cryptography is often employed to encrypt a victim's files, rendering them inaccessible until a ransom is paid to the attacker for the decryption key.
- Static analyser
- Antivirus
- Generates a whole variable code using a variable encryptor
- Mutation function
- Vulnerabilities in softwares
- Social Engineering
- Ransomware
- Phishing
Explanation: Social Engineering and human error are the most common cause of cyber incidents as it is easier for attackers to convince employees to give up passwords or accept MFA prompts than it is to breach & exploit the system. See Recent Uber and Cisco hack
- Hotfix
- Update
- Security Fix
- Service Pack
Q115. How often should security teams conduct a review of the privileged access that a user has to sensitive systems?
- On a periodic basis
- When a User leaves the organisation
- When a User changes roles
- On a daily basis
Explanation: Privilaged access reviews are one of the most critical components of an organisations security program as they ensure only autherised users have access to the most sensitive systems. They should occur on a fixed periodic basis as well as when ever a privileged user leaves the organisation or changes roles within the organisation
Q116. What Term is used to descrbe the defualt set of privileges assigned to a user when a new account is created?
- Aggregation
- Transitivity
- Baseline
- Entitlement
Explanation: Entitlement refers to the privileges granted to a user when their account is first provisioned
- August Kerckhoffs
- Bob Thomas
- Charles Thomas
- Robert Kerckhoffs
Explanation: August Kerckhoffs, a linguist and German professor at HEC, wrote an essay in the Journal of Military Science in February 1883. Kerckhoff had unwittingly established the foundations for contemporary encryption, earning him the title of "Father of Computer Security."
Q118. Which type of attack uses formal emails to entice specific individuals into signing in and changing their passwords?
- vishing
- spear phishing
- brute force attack
- password spray attack
- the location of the data.
- The value of the asset.
- The owner of the asset.
- All of these options.
Q120. Once you have confirmed that Burpsuite is intercepting website requests, where can you check to see if you have credentials in cleartext to access the target webpage?
- Select Go on the Repeater tab
- See the loopback address and port are on in the Options tab
- Check the Raw section in the Intercept tab
- Check for a login.php line in the Proxy tab
- surface
- infrastructure
- threat
- door
Q122. How would an organisation ensure software product support in the event a supplier goes out of business or is sold to a competitor?
- They could employ the software developers once the supplier organisation has gone out of business.
- They could ensure support by acquiring the supplier organisation.
- They could ensure support through an escrow agreement.
- They could reverse engineer the product so that it could be supported in-house.
Q123. Which of the following is the security standard that applies to the certification of security controls within products?
- ISO/IEC 27001.
- ISO/IEC 9000.
- ISO/IEC 15408.
- ISO/IEC 13335.
- To ensure appropriate security controls are implemented across the organisation.
- To provide day-to-day management of the information assurance function.
- To have a detailed understanding of the organisation's vulnerabilities.
- To have a detailed understanding of threats faced by the organisation.
- Qualitative and statistical
- Statistical and quantitative
- Statistical and assumptive
- Qualitative and quantitative
Q126. Which type of hackers are often organized and funded by a nation's military intelligence or security services, and attempt to gain access to a foreign adversary's state secrets or military intelligence?
- hacktivists
- competitors
- black hat hackers
- state-sponsored hackers
Q127. Which of the following methods combines two binary streams to create one new stream that contains hidden information that cannot be retrieved without the other stream that was used to create it?
- substitution cipher
- weaponization
- transposition cipher
- XOR encryption
- A web app proxy tool
- A DDoS bot
- A network packet capturing device
- a SQL injection flaw
- cipher
- XOR
- encoding
- cyber kill chain
Q130. Which of these is not an issue that could arise as a result of outsourcing software development?
- The accidental or deliberate introduction of malicious code.
- The loss of intellectual property or trade secrets.
- Legal disputes could develop between the customer and the supplier.
- The laws on the protection of data do not apply to information sent to a third party.
Q131. A _ hat is a hacker who may not operate according to ethical testing standards, but does not have malicious intent.
- gray
- blue
- red
- purple
Q132. Understanding that multifactor authentication (MFA) is a best practice, which option should be avoided as a secondary authentication factor in MFA whenever possible?.
- biometric authentication
- OAUTH Token
- authenticator apps
- SMS message
Explanation: SMS messages for MFA are generally considered less secure compared to other methods. This is because SMS messages can be vulnerable to interception (e.g., SIM swapping attacks), and the underlying telecommunication infrastructure may not provide sufficient protection against various attack vectors. Other MFA methods such as biometric authentication, OAUTH tokens, and authenticator apps are often considered more secure alternatives.
Reference "(...)All in all, MFA is still very effective at preventing most mass and automated attacks; however, users should be aware that there are ways to bypass some MFA solutions, such as those relying on SMS-based verification."
- Something you know
- Something you have
- Something you are
- Something you want
- A deceptive network host that appears legitimate to attackers.
- A user-friendly interface for managing network traffic.
- An encryption key used in secure communication.
- A hardware device for two-factor authentication.
- To host publicly accessible services while protecting the internal network.
- To intercept and analyze all network traffic for security purposes.
- To act as a backup server in case the main server fails.
- To facilitate secure communication between two remote networks.
- A process of copying network packets to a specific destination for analysis.
- A method of encrypting data during transmission to secure it.
- A mechanism for load balancing network traffic.
- A firewall rule that allows traffic through specific network ports.
- Polymorphic malware
- Rootkit
- Packet Sniffing
- Stealthy tunneling protocols
- Internet Domain System
- Intrusion Detection System
- Internet Data Security
- Integrated Defense Strategy
- Intercepting communication between two parties without their knowledge.
- Cracking encrypted passwords.
- Disrupting network services with a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack.
- Installing malicious software on a network server.
- A firewall for network security.
- A trusted Certificate Authority (CA).
- A virtual private network (VPN).
- A network router.
Q141. What type of encryption is typically used to secure wireless network traffic in a WPA3 network?
- WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy)
- AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)
- SSL (Secure Sockets Layer)
- DES (Data Encryption Standard)
Q142. Which network security protocol is used to provide secure, encrypted communication over the Internet, often used for securing websites?
- SSH (Secure Shell)
- SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)
- HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure)
- ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)
- A vulnerability that has been known and patched for zero days.
- A vulnerability that is not yet known to the software vendor or the public.
- A vulnerability that affects zero network devices.
- A vulnerability that cannot be exploited.
Q144. The most notorious military-grade advanced persistent threat was deployed in 2010, and targeted centrifuges in Iran. What was this APT call?
- duqu
- agent BTZ
- stuxnet
- flame
Q145. Where would you record risks that have been identified and their details, such as their ID and name, classification of information, and the risk owner?
- in the risk assessment documentation
- in the risk register
- in the business impact ledger
- in the Orange Book
- Hotfix
- Update
- Security Fix
- Service Pack
Q147. How often should security teams conduct a review of the privileged access that a user has to sensitive systems?
- On a periodic basis
- When a User leaves the organisation
- When a User changes roles
- On a daily basis
Q148. You have recovered a server that was compromised in a malware attack to its previous state. What is the final step in the incident response process?
- Eradication / Remediation
- Certification
- Reporting
- Lessons Learned
- asymmetric
- symmetric
- hashing
- all of these answers
Q150. You have just identified and mitigated an active malware attack on a user's computer, in which command and control was established. What is the next step in the process?
- Reporting
- Recovery
- Eradiction / Remediation
- Lessons Learned
- To encrypt data transmission
- To identify and remove malware
- To control incoming and outgoing network traffic
- To provide secure access to a network
Q152. Which type of cyber attack aims to deceive individuals into revealing sensitive information like passwords or credit card numbers?
- Ransomware
- DDoS Attack
- Phishing Attack
- SQL Injection
- Advanced encryption techniques
- Hacking social media accounts
- Manipulating individuals to divulge confidential information
- Securing social media networks
- ROT13
- AES
- Caesar Cipher
- RSA
- Virtual Private Network
- Very Private Network
- Virtual Personal Network
- Virtual Public Network
- Password123
- 123456
- JohnSmith
- P@ssw0rd!
- Trusting all network traffic
- Verifying all network traffic, regardless of location
- Trusting only internal network traffic
- Verifying network traffic only from trusted sources
- To block all incoming network traffic
- To encrypt sensitive data
- To manage user passwords
- To collect, analyze, and respond to security events
Q159. Which cybersecurity practice involves deliberately probing a network or system to find vulnerabilities?
- Firewall Configuration
- Encryption
- Penetration Testing
- Patch Management
- To develop software applications
- To monitor network traffic
- To simulate cyber attacks to find vulnerabilities
- To implement security policies
- Spyware
- Worm
- Trojan
- Ransomware
- Securing physical access to servers
- Managing software updates and fixes
- Encrypting sensitive data
- Implementing network firewalls
- To prevent physical theft of devices
- To encrypt all network traffic
- To monitor user activities
- To prevent unauthorized disclosure of sensitive data
Q164. Which cybersecurity framework provides a set of best practices for securing information systems?
- ISO 9001
- COBIT
- Six Sigma
- NIST Cybersecurity Framework
- To block incoming network traffic
- To encrypt data transmitted between a web server and a browser
- To authenticate users on a network
- To monitor user activities
Q166. Which type of attack involves overwhelming a system or network with a flood of traffic to make it unavailable?
- Phishing
- Ransomware
- Man-in-the-Middle
- Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS)
- Using two different web browsers
- Using two different authentication methods for added security
- Logging in twice to a system
- Using two different antivirus programs
- To generate one-time passwords
- To block incoming network traffic
- To provide an additional layer of authentication
- To encrypt sensitive data
- To develop software applications
- To manage user passwords
- To monitor and respond to security incidents
- To encrypt sensitive data
Q170. Which type of attack involves tricking a user into executing a malicious code by disguising it as a legitimate file or application?
- DDoS Attack
- SQL Injection
- Ransomware
- Malware
Q171. Which of the following is NOT a common authentication factor used in multi-factor authentication (MFA)?
- Something you are
- Something you do
- Something you have
- Something you say
- DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service)
- Phishing
- Ransomware
- Malware