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<h1 class="title toc-ignore">Police; License to Kill?</h1>
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<div id="exploring-the-innocent-death-rate-in-the-u.s.-by-police-from-2010-to-2020" class="section level6">
<h6>Exploring the innocent death rate in the U.S. by police from 2010 to 2020</h6>
<p><font size="3">By: <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/赫凝-崔-303230226?trk=people-guest_people_search-card">Hening Cui</a> | <a href="https://cn.linkedin.com/in/jialiang-hua-892698129?trk=people-guest_people_search-card">Jialiang Hua</a> | <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/congyang-xie-bb521b191/zh-cn?trk=people-guest_people_search-card">Congyang Xie</a> | <a href="https://cn.linkedin.com/in/wenhan-bao-3217281a3?trk=people-guest_people_search-card">Wenhan Bao</a> | <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/qihang-wu-2b1b45193/">Qihang Wu</a></font></p>
<p><img src="images/index_img1.png" style="width:120%"> <font size="2"> Image source: <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/series/counted-us-police-killings">The Guardian</a></font></p>
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<h3>Website Overview</h3>
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<div id="background" class="section level3">
<h3>Background</h3>
<p>In the wake of George Floyd’s murder, a number of protests arisen across the nation. This motivates us to investigate innocent deaths under police violence and the association of confounders with excessive police force. Although the majority encounters that meet death with law enforcement officials present a lethal threat to officers or society, there are still people that involved in the police action meets death with a quantity not to be ignored. This project analyses the data on people involved in a police operation and results in fatalities. Despite the assessment of overuse of police force across geographical factors, this project also focuses on socioeconomic factors, political factors and periodical patterns.</p>
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<div id="datasets" class="section level3">
<h3>Datasets</h3>
<ul>
<li>Main data: <a href="https://www.kaggle.com/kannan1314/innocent-deaths-caused-by-police-all-time">Innocent death by polices</a></li>
<li>A glance of our main data:
<ul>
<li><code>age</code>, <code>gender</code>, and <code>race</code> represent the subject’s demographic characteristics<br />
</li>
<li><code>date_of_death</code> represents the date of the subject’s death.<br />
</li>
<li><code>city</code>, <code>state</code>, <code>latitude</code>, and <code>longitude</code> represent the location of the death<br />
</li>
<li><code>highest_force</code> represents the cause of death<br />
</li>
<li><code>intended_force</code> represents the intentional use of force by police</li>
</ul></li>
<li>Other data sources:
<ul>
<li><a href="https://worldpopulationreview.com/state-rankings/gun-ownership-by-state">Gun ownership by state 2021</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.statista.com/topics/2153/crime-in-the-united-states/#dossierKeyfigures">Crime rate by state 2020</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.bls.gov/web/laus/laumstrk.htm">Unemployment rate by state 2020</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.census.gov/en.html">US census by year, state, sex, race, age from 2010 to 2020</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
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<div id="findings" class="section level3 tabset">
<h3 class="tabset">Findings</h3>
<div id="findings-from-explorative-analysis" class="section level4">
<h4>Findings from Explorative Analysis</h4>
<p>We have many interesting findings from the exploratory analysis. We found that the count of innocent death caused by police in the U.S. rose greatly from 2010 to 2014, and then fell slightly from 2014 to 2020. The peak of the innocent death count among the 10 years was 2014. We also found males occupied a much larger proportion of innocent deaths compared to females. And the ratio of males to females remains roughly the same from 2010 to 2020. As for the age groups effect, the ratio between different age groups are consistent over the 10 years, and the age group (25-34) has the largest share of innocent deaths. For the effect of race, the Hispanic race accounts for the largest proportion and the rates from 2010 to 2020 are similar.</p>
</div>
<div id="findings-from-regression-analysis" class="section level4">
<h4>Findings from Regression Analysis</h4>
<p>We developed two models to investigate the association between innocent death by police and potential factors. Our first regression model indicates that all our main predictors (year, state, age, gender, race) are statistically significant although some levels in the state are not. This indicates that there indeed are group differences by year, age, gender, race, and some of the states. Our second regression model investigates more potential predictors of innocent deaths and their association. We found that there is a significant association between innocent deaths rate and gun ownership rate, crime rate, and unemployment rate. Further detailed analyses and plots are in the Regression Analysis sections.</p>
</div>
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<div id="report" class="section level3">
<h3>Report</h3>
<p>Our report can be found from <a href="./final_report_2ndversion.html">here</a>.</p>
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