fs.hexpat

#pragma author WerWolv
#pragma description Drive File System

import std.io;

struct DiskTimeStamp {
	u8 seconds, minutes, hours;
};

enum DiskProtection : u16 {
	None = 0x0000,
	CopyProtected = 0x5A5A
};

bitfield CHS {
	h : 8;
	s : 6;
	c : 10;
} [[format("chs_formatter")]];

fn chs_formatter(CHS chs) {
	return std::format("({:X}, {:X}, {:X}) | 0x{:X}", chs.c, chs.h, chs.s, (chs.c * 16 + chs.h) * 63 + (chs.s - 1));
};

enum PartitionStatus : u8 {
	None = 0x00,
	Active = 0x80
};

enum PartitionType : u8 {
	EmptyPartitionEntry = 0x00,
	FAT32_CHS = 0x0B,
	FAT32_LBA = 0x0C
};

namespace fat32 {

	u64 bytesPerCluster;

	struct FSInfo {
		u32 leadSignature;
		padding[480];
		u32 structSignature;
		u32 freeClusterCount;
		u32 nextFreeCluster;
		padding[12];
		u32 trailSignature;
	};

	bitfield SequenceNumber {
		padding : 1;
		lastLogical : 1;
		padding : 1;
		number : 5;
	} [[bitfield_order(BitfieldOrder::MostToLeastSignificant, 8)]];

	enum EntryStatus : u8 {
		Regular = 0x00,
		DotEntry = 0x2E,
		DeletedEntry = 0xE5
	};

	union EntryStatusOrSequenceNumber {
		EntryStatus entryStatus;
		SequenceNumber sequenceNumber;
	};

	bitfield Attributes {
		readOnly : 1;
		hidden : 1;
		systemFile : 1;
		volumeLabel : 1;
		subdirectory : 1;
		archive : 1;
		padding : 2;
	} [[bitfield_order(BitfieldOrder::LeastToMostSignificant, 8)]];

	struct DirEntry {
		char fileName[8];
		char extension[3];
		Attributes attributes;
		u8 reserved[10];
		u16 time, date;
		u16 startingCluster;
		u32 fileSize;

		u8 data[fileSize] @ startingCluster * bytesPerCluster;
	};

	struct VFATDirEntry {
		EntryStatusOrSequenceNumber entryStatusOrSequenceNumber;
		char16 name1[5];
		Attributes attributes;
		u8 type;
		u8 nameChecksum;
		char16 name2[6];
		u16 startingCluster;
		char16 name3[2];

		if (entryStatusOrSequenceNumber.sequenceNumber.number > 1)
			VFATDirEntry nextLogicalEntry;
		else
			DirEntry physicalEntry;
	};

	struct Partition {
		u8 jmpCode[3];
		char oemName[8];
		u16 bytesPerSector;
		u8 sectorsPerCluster;
		u16 reservedAreaSize;
		u8 numFats;
		u16 rootEntryCount;
		u16 numSectors;
		u8 mediaType;
		u16 fatSize;
		u16 sectorsPerTrack;
		u16 numHeads;
		u32 numHiddenSectors;
		u32 numFsSectors;
		u32 numFatSectors;
		u16 extFlags;
		u16 fsVersion;
		u32 rootCluster;
		u16 fsInfoSector;
		u16 backupBootSector;
		padding[12];
		u8 driveNumber;
		padding[1];
		u8 bootSignature;
		u32 volumeID;
		char volumeLabel[11];
		char fsType[8];
		u8 bootstrapCode[420];
		u16 signature;

		bytesPerCluster = (sectorsPerCluster * 1024) * bytesPerSector;

		FSInfo fsInfo @ addressof(this) + fsInfoSector * bytesPerSector;
		VFATDirEntry rootDirEntry @ addressof(this) + rootCluster * bytesPerCluster;
	};

}

struct PartitionEntry {
	PartitionStatus status;
	CHS chsFirstSectorAddress;
	PartitionType type;
	CHS chsLastSectorAddress;
	u32 lbaFirstSectorAddress;
	u32 numSectors;

	if (type == PartitionType::EmptyPartitionEntry)
		continue;
	else if (type == PartitionType::FAT32_CHS || type == PartitionType::FAT32_LBA)
		fat32::Partition partition @ lbaFirstSectorAddress * 512;
};

struct MasterBootRecord {
	u8 bootstrapCodeArea1[218];
	padding[2];
	u8 originalPhysicalDrive;
	DiskTimeStamp diskTimeStamp;
	u8 bootstrapCodeArea2[216];
	u32 diskSignature;
	DiskProtection diskProtection;
	PartitionEntry partitionEntries[4];
	u16 bootSignature;
};

MasterBootRecord mbr @ 0x00;