From 68ed57cc783d85aa35ebcd8d55a903a91b7a88d8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ben Lesh <ben@benlesh.com>
Date: Mon, 18 Mar 2024 17:45:42 +0000
Subject: [PATCH] Spec the `flatMap` operator (#124)

SHA: e3e8f94b8ae0465c9ae8b31c46210839a11d0daa
Reason: push, by domfarolino

Co-authored-by: github-actions[bot] <41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 index.html | 280 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------
 1 file changed, 208 insertions(+), 72 deletions(-)

diff --git a/index.html b/index.html
index a3fe86f..589fca5 100644
--- a/index.html
+++ b/index.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
   <link href="https://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/2021/cg-draft" rel="stylesheet">
   <meta content="Bikeshed version 82ce88815, updated Thu Sep 7 16:33:55 2023 -0700" name="generator">
   <link href="https://wicg.github.io/observable/" rel="canonical">
-  <meta content="ec12e21fa0ca557ebe52a92da9f097265ed69268" name="document-revision">
+  <meta content="e3e8f94b8ae0465c9ae8b31c46210839a11d0daa" name="document-revision">
 <style>
 /* Put nice boxes around each algorithm. */
 [data-algorithm]:not(.heading) {
@@ -901,7 +901,7 @@
   <div class="head">
    <p data-fill-with="logo"><a class="logo" href="https://www.w3.org/"> <img alt="W3C" height="48" src="https://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/2021/logos/W3C" width="72"> </a> </p>
    <h1 class="p-name no-ref" id="title">Observable</h1>
-   <p id="w3c-state"><a href="https://www.w3.org/standards/types#CG-DRAFT">Draft Community Group Report</a>, <time class="dt-updated" datetime="2024-02-24">24 February 2024</time></p>
+   <p id="w3c-state"><a href="https://www.w3.org/standards/types#CG-DRAFT">Draft Community Group Report</a>, <time class="dt-updated" datetime="2024-03-18">18 March 2024</time></p>
    <div data-fill-with="spec-metadata">
     <dl>
      <dt>This version:
@@ -973,6 +973,7 @@ <h2 class="no-num no-toc no-ref" id="contents">Table of Contents</h2>
       <li><a href="#normative"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Normative References</span></a>
      </ol>
     <li><a href="#idl-index"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">IDL Index</span></a>
+    <li><a href="#issues-index"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Issues Index</span></a>
    </ol>
   </nav>
   <main>
@@ -1610,7 +1611,126 @@ <h4 class="heading settled" data-level="2.3.2" id="observable-returning-operator
      The <dfn class="dfn-paneled idl-code" data-dfn-for="Observable" data-dfn-type="method" data-export id="dom-observable-flatmap"><code>flatMap(<var>mapper</var>)</code></dfn> method steps are: 
     <ol>
      <li data-md>
-      <p><span class="XXX">TODO: Spec this and use <var>mapper</var>.</span></p>
+      <p>Let <var>sourceObservable</var> be <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#this" id="ref-for-this②⑥">this</a>.</p>
+     <li data-md>
+      <p>Let <var>observable</var> be a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#new" id="ref-for-new⑥">new</a> <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#observable" id="ref-for-observable②⑥">Observable</a></code> whose <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#observable-subscribe-callback" id="ref-for-observable-subscribe-callback①⓪">subscribe callback</a> is an
+ algorithm that takes a <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#subscriber" id="ref-for-subscriber①⑨">Subscriber</a></code> <var>subscriber</var> and does the following:</p>
+      <ol>
+       <li data-md>
+        <p>Let <var>outerSubscriptionHasCompleted</var> to a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#boolean" id="ref-for-boolean">boolean</a>, initially false.</p>
+       <li data-md>
+        <p>Let <var>queue</var> be a new <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#list" id="ref-for-list①">list</a> of <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#idl-any" id="ref-for-idl-any②②">any</a></code> values, initially empty.</p>
+        <p class="note" role="note"><span class="marker">Note:</span> This <var>queue</var> is used to store any <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#observable" id="ref-for-observable②⑦">Observable</a></code>s emitted by <var>sourceObservable</var>,
+  while <var>observable</var> is currently subscribed to an <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#observable" id="ref-for-observable②⑧">Observable</a></code> emitted earlier by <var>sourceObservable</var> that has not yet been exhausted.</p>
+       <li data-md>
+        <p>Let <var>activeInnerSubscription</var> be a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#boolean" id="ref-for-boolean①">boolean</a>, initially false.</p>
+       <li data-md>
+        <p>Let <var>sourceObserver</var> be a new <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#internal-observer" id="ref-for-internal-observer①⓪">internal observer</a>, initialized as follows:</p>
+        <dl>
+         <dt data-md><a data-link-type="dfn" href="#internal-observer-next-steps" id="ref-for-internal-observer-next-steps①⓪">next steps</a>
+         <dd data-md>
+          <ol>
+           <li data-md>
+            <p>If <var>activeInnerSubscription</var> is true, then:</p>
+            <ol>
+             <li data-md>
+              <p><a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#list-append" id="ref-for-list-append①">Append</a> <var>value</var> to <var>queue</var>.</p>
+              <p class="note" role="note"><span class="marker">Note:</span> This <var>value</var> will eventually be processed once the <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#observable" id="ref-for-observable②⑨">Observable</a></code> that is
+ currently subscribed-to (as indicated by <var>activeInnerSubscription</var>) is exhausted.</p>
+            </ol>
+           <li data-md>
+            <p>Otherwise:</p>
+            <ol>
+             <li data-md>
+              <p>Set <var>activeInnerSubscription</var> to true.</p>
+             <li data-md>
+              <p>Run the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#flatmap-process-next-value-steps" id="ref-for-flatmap-process-next-value-steps">flatmap process next value steps</a> with <var>value</var>, <var>subscriber</var>, <var>mapper</var>, and <b>references</b> to all of the following: <var>queue</var>, <var>activeInnerSubscription</var>, and <var>outerSubscriptionHasCompleted</var>.</p>
+              <div class="note" role="note">
+               <p>Note: This <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#flatmap-process-next-value-steps" id="ref-for-flatmap-process-next-value-steps①">flatmap process next value steps</a> will subscribe to the <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#observable" id="ref-for-observable③⓪">Observable</a></code> derived from <var>value</var> (if one such can be derived) and keep
+   processing values from it until its subscription becomes inactive (either by
+   error or completion). If this "inner" <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#observable" id="ref-for-observable③①">Observable</a></code> completes, then the
+   processing steps will recursively invoke themselves with the next <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#idl-any" id="ref-for-idl-any②③">any</a></code> in <var>queue</var>.</p>
+               <p>If no such value <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#list-contain" id="ref-for-list-contain">exists</a>, then the processing steps will terminate, <b>unsetting</b> <var>activeInnerSubscription</var>, so that future values emitted from <var>sourceObservable</var> are processed correctly.</p>
+              </div>
+            </ol>
+          </ol>
+         <dt data-md><a data-link-type="dfn" href="#internal-observer-error-steps" id="ref-for-internal-observer-error-steps①⓪">error steps</a>
+         <dd data-md>
+          <p>Run <var>subscriber</var>’s <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dom-subscriber-error" id="ref-for-dom-subscriber-error①①">error()</a></code> method, given the passed in <var>error</var>.</p>
+         <dt data-md><a data-link-type="dfn" href="#internal-observer-complete-steps" id="ref-for-internal-observer-complete-steps⑨">complete steps</a>
+         <dd data-md>
+          <ol>
+           <li data-md>
+            <p>Set <var>outerSubscriptionHasCompleted</var> to true.</p>
+            <p class="note" role="note"><span class="marker">Note:</span> If <var>activeInnerSubscription</var> is true, then the below step will <em>not</em> complete <var>subscriber</var>. In that case, the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#flatmap-process-next-value-steps" id="ref-for-flatmap-process-next-value-steps②">flatmap process next value steps</a> will be
+  responsible for completing <var>subscriber</var> when <var>queue</var> is <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#list-empty" id="ref-for-list-empty">empty</a>, after the
+  "inner" subscription becomes inactive.</p>
+           <li data-md>
+            <p>If <var>activeInnerSubscription</var> is false and <var>queue</var> is <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#list-empty" id="ref-for-list-empty①">empty</a>, run <var>subscriber</var>’s <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dom-subscriber-complete" id="ref-for-dom-subscriber-complete①②">complete()</a></code> method.</p>
+          </ol>
+        </dl>
+       <li data-md>
+        <p>Let <var>options</var> be a new <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dictdef-subscribeoptions" id="ref-for-dictdef-subscribeoptions①⑤">SubscribeOptions</a></code> whose <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dom-subscribeoptions-signal" id="ref-for-dom-subscribeoptions-signal⑧">signal</a></code> is <var>subscriber</var>’s <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#subscriber-signal" id="ref-for-subscriber-signal①⓪">signal</a>.</p>
+       <li data-md>
+        <p><a data-link-type="dfn" href="#observable-subscribe-to-an-observable" id="ref-for-observable-subscribe-to-an-observable①①">Subscribe</a> to <var>sourceObservable</var> given <var>sourceObserver</var> and <var>options</var>.</p>
+      </ol>
+     <li data-md>
+      <p>Return <var>observable</var>.</p>
+    </ol>
+   </div>
+   <div class="algorithm" data-algorithm="flatmap process next value steps">
+     The <dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-noexport id="flatmap-process-next-value-steps">flatmap process next value steps</dfn>, given an <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#idl-any" id="ref-for-idl-any②④">any</a></code> <var>value</var>, a <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#subscriber" id="ref-for-subscriber②⓪">Subscriber</a></code> <var>subscriber</var>, a <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#callbackdef-mapper" id="ref-for-callbackdef-mapper②">Mapper</a></code> <var>mapper</var>, and <b>references</b> to all of the following: a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#list" id="ref-for-list②">list</a> of <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#idl-any" id="ref-for-idl-any②⑤">any</a></code> values <var>queue</var>, a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#boolean" id="ref-for-boolean②">boolean</a> <var>activeInnerSubscription</var>, and a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#boolean" id="ref-for-boolean③">boolean</a> <var>outerSubscriptionHasCompleted</var>: 
+    <ol>
+     <li data-md>
+      <p>Let <var>mappedResult</var> be the result of <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#invoke-a-callback-function" id="ref-for-invoke-a-callback-function①①">invoking</a> <var>mapper</var> with <var>value</var>.</p>
+      <p>If <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#an-exception-was-thrown" id="ref-for-an-exception-was-thrown①②">an exception <var>E</var> was thrown</a>, then run <var>subscriber</var>’s <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dom-subscriber-error" id="ref-for-dom-subscriber-error①②">error()</a></code> method, given <var>E</var>, and abort these steps.</p>
+     <li data-md>
+      <p>Let <var>innerObservable</var> be the result of calling <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dom-observable-from" id="ref-for-dom-observable-from②">from()</a></code> with <var>mappedResult</var>.</p>
+      <p>If <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#an-exception-was-thrown" id="ref-for-an-exception-was-thrown①③">an exception <var>E</var> was thrown</a>, then run <var>subscriber</var>’s <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dom-subscriber-error" id="ref-for-dom-subscriber-error①③">error()</a></code> method, given <var>E</var>, and abort these steps.</p>
+      <p class="issue" id="issue-4eb2abb1"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-4eb2abb1"></a> We shouldn’t invoke <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dom-observable-from" id="ref-for-dom-observable-from③">from()</a></code> directly. Rather, we should
+ call some internal algorithm that passes-back the exceptions for us to handle
+ properly here, since we want to pipe them to <var>subscriber</var>.</p>
+     <li data-md>
+      <p>Let <var>innerObserver</var> be a new <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#internal-observer" id="ref-for-internal-observer①①">internal observer</a>, initialized as follows:</p>
+      <dl>
+       <dt data-md><a data-link-type="dfn" href="#internal-observer-next-steps" id="ref-for-internal-observer-next-steps①①">next steps</a>
+       <dd data-md>
+        <p>Run <var>subscriber</var>’s <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dom-subscriber-next" id="ref-for-dom-subscriber-next⑥">next()</a></code> method, given the passed in <var>value</var>.</p>
+       <dt data-md><a data-link-type="dfn" href="#internal-observer-error-steps" id="ref-for-internal-observer-error-steps①①">error steps</a>
+       <dd data-md>
+        <p>Run <var>subscriber</var>’s <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dom-subscriber-error" id="ref-for-dom-subscriber-error①④">error()</a></code> method, given the passed in <var>error</var>.</p>
+       <dt data-md><a data-link-type="dfn" href="#internal-observer-complete-steps" id="ref-for-internal-observer-complete-steps①⓪">complete steps</a>
+       <dd data-md>
+        <ol>
+         <li data-md>
+          <p>If <var>queue</var> is not empty, then:</p>
+          <ol>
+           <li data-md>
+            <p>Let <var>nextValue</var> be the first item in <var>queue</var>; <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#list-remove" id="ref-for-list-remove">remove</a> remove this item from <var>queue</var>.</p>
+           <li data-md>
+            <p>Run <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#flatmap-process-next-value-steps" id="ref-for-flatmap-process-next-value-steps③">flatmap process next value steps</a> given <var>nextValue</var>, <var>subscriber</var>, <var>mapper</var>,
+ and <b>references</b> to <var>queue</var> and <var>activeInnerSubscription</var>.</p>
+          </ol>
+         <li data-md>
+          <p>Otherwise:</p>
+          <ol>
+           <li data-md>
+            <p>Set <var>activeInnerSubscription</var> to false.</p>
+            <p class="note" role="note"><span class="marker">Note:</span> Because <var>activeInnerSubscription</var> is a reference, this has the effect of
+ ensuring that all subsequent values emitted from the "outer" <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#observable" id="ref-for-observable③②">Observable</a></code> (called <var>sourceObservable</var>.</p>
+           <li data-md>
+            <p>If <var>outerSubscriptionHasCompleted</var> is true, run <var>subscriber</var>’s <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dom-subscriber-complete" id="ref-for-dom-subscriber-complete①③">complete()</a></code> method.</p>
+            <p class="note" role="note"><span class="marker">Note:</span> This means the "outer" <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#observable" id="ref-for-observable③③">Observable</a></code> has already completed, but did not
+ proceed to complete <var>subscriber</var> yet because there was at least one more pending
+ "inner" <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#observable" id="ref-for-observable③④">Observable</a></code> (i.e., <var>innerObservable</var>) that had already been queued and
+ had not yet completed. Until right now!</p>
+          </ol>
+        </ol>
+      </dl>
+     <li data-md>
+      <p>Let <var>innerOptions</var> be a new <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dictdef-subscribeoptions" id="ref-for-dictdef-subscribeoptions①⑥">SubscribeOptions</a></code> whose <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dom-subscribeoptions-signal" id="ref-for-dom-subscribeoptions-signal⑨">signal</a></code> is <var>subscriber</var>’s <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#subscriber-signal" id="ref-for-subscriber-signal①①">signal</a>.</p>
+     <li data-md>
+      <p><a data-link-type="dfn" href="#observable-subscribe-to-an-observable" id="ref-for-observable-subscribe-to-an-observable①②">Subscribe</a> to <var>innerObservable</var> given <var>innerObserver</var> and <var>innerOptions</var>.</p>
     </ol>
    </div>
    <div class="algorithm" data-algorithm="finally(callback)" data-algorithm-for="Observable">
@@ -1627,43 +1747,43 @@ <h4 class="heading settled" data-level="2.3.3" id="promise-returning-operators">
      <li data-md>
       <p>Let <var>p</var> <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#a-new-promise" id="ref-for-a-new-promise">a new promise</a>.</p>
      <li data-md>
-      <p>If <var>options</var>’s <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dom-subscribeoptions-signal" id="ref-for-dom-subscribeoptions-signal⑧">signal</a></code> is not null:</p>
+      <p>If <var>options</var>’s <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dom-subscribeoptions-signal" id="ref-for-dom-subscribeoptions-signal①⓪">signal</a></code> is not null:</p>
       <ol>
        <li data-md>
-        <p>If <var>options</var>’s <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dom-subscribeoptions-signal" id="ref-for-dom-subscribeoptions-signal⑨">signal</a></code> is <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#abortsignal-aborted" id="ref-for-abortsignal-aborted②">aborted</a>, then:</p>
+        <p>If <var>options</var>’s <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dom-subscribeoptions-signal" id="ref-for-dom-subscribeoptions-signal①①">signal</a></code> is <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#abortsignal-aborted" id="ref-for-abortsignal-aborted②">aborted</a>, then:</p>
         <ol>
          <li data-md>
-          <p><a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#reject" id="ref-for-reject">Reject</a> <var>p</var> with <var>options</var>’s <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dom-subscribeoptions-signal" id="ref-for-dom-subscribeoptions-signal①⓪">signal</a></code>'s <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#abortsignal-abort-reason" id="ref-for-abortsignal-abort-reason">abort
+          <p><a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#reject" id="ref-for-reject">Reject</a> <var>p</var> with <var>options</var>’s <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dom-subscribeoptions-signal" id="ref-for-dom-subscribeoptions-signal①②">signal</a></code>'s <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#abortsignal-abort-reason" id="ref-for-abortsignal-abort-reason">abort
  reason</a>.</p>
          <li data-md>
           <p>Return <var>p</var>.</p>
         </ol>
        <li data-md>
-        <p><a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#abortsignal-add" id="ref-for-abortsignal-add①">Add the following abort algorithm</a> to <var>options</var>’s <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dom-subscribeoptions-signal" id="ref-for-dom-subscribeoptions-signal①①">signal</a></code>:</p>
+        <p><a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#abortsignal-add" id="ref-for-abortsignal-add①">Add the following abort algorithm</a> to <var>options</var>’s <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dom-subscribeoptions-signal" id="ref-for-dom-subscribeoptions-signal①③">signal</a></code>:</p>
         <ol>
          <li data-md>
-          <p><a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#reject" id="ref-for-reject①">Reject</a> <var>p</var> with <var>options</var>’s <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dom-subscribeoptions-signal" id="ref-for-dom-subscribeoptions-signal①②">signal</a></code>'s <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#abortsignal-abort-reason" id="ref-for-abortsignal-abort-reason①">abort
+          <p><a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#reject" id="ref-for-reject①">Reject</a> <var>p</var> with <var>options</var>’s <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dom-subscribeoptions-signal" id="ref-for-dom-subscribeoptions-signal①④">signal</a></code>'s <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#abortsignal-abort-reason" id="ref-for-abortsignal-abort-reason①">abort
  reason</a>.</p>
         </ol>
-        <p class="note" role="note"><span class="marker">Note:</span> All we have to do here is <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#reject" id="ref-for-reject②">reject</a> <var>p</var>. Note that the subscription to <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#this" id="ref-for-this②⑥">this</a> <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#observable" id="ref-for-observable②⑥">Observable</a></code> will also be canceled automatically, since the "inner" <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#subscriber-signal" id="ref-for-subscriber-signal①⓪">signal</a> (created during <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#observable-subscribe-to-an-observable" id="ref-for-observable-subscribe-to-an-observable①①">subscription</a>) is a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org#abortsignal-dependent-signals" id="ref-for-abortsignal-dependent-signals">dependent signal</a> of <var>options</var>’s <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dom-subscribeoptions-signal" id="ref-for-dom-subscribeoptions-signal①③">signal</a></code>.</p>
+        <p class="note" role="note"><span class="marker">Note:</span> All we have to do here is <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#reject" id="ref-for-reject②">reject</a> <var>p</var>. Note that the subscription to <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#this" id="ref-for-this②⑦">this</a> <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#observable" id="ref-for-observable③⑤">Observable</a></code> will also be canceled automatically, since the "inner" <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#subscriber-signal" id="ref-for-subscriber-signal①②">signal</a> (created during <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#observable-subscribe-to-an-observable" id="ref-for-observable-subscribe-to-an-observable①③">subscription</a>) is a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org#abortsignal-dependent-signals" id="ref-for-abortsignal-dependent-signals">dependent signal</a> of <var>options</var>’s <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dom-subscribeoptions-signal" id="ref-for-dom-subscribeoptions-signal①⑤">signal</a></code>.</p>
       </ol>
      <li data-md>
-      <p>Let <var>values</var> be a new <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#list" id="ref-for-list①">list</a>.</p>
+      <p>Let <var>values</var> be a new <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#list" id="ref-for-list③">list</a>.</p>
      <li data-md>
-      <p>Let <var>observer</var> be a new <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#internal-observer" id="ref-for-internal-observer①⓪">internal observer</a>, initialized as follows:</p>
+      <p>Let <var>observer</var> be a new <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#internal-observer" id="ref-for-internal-observer①②">internal observer</a>, initialized as follows:</p>
       <dl>
-       <dt data-md><a data-link-type="dfn" href="#internal-observer-next-steps" id="ref-for-internal-observer-next-steps①⓪">next steps</a>
+       <dt data-md><a data-link-type="dfn" href="#internal-observer-next-steps" id="ref-for-internal-observer-next-steps①②">next steps</a>
        <dd data-md>
-        <p><a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#list-append" id="ref-for-list-append①">Append</a> the passed in <var>value</var> to <var>values</var>.</p>
-       <dt data-md><a data-link-type="dfn" href="#internal-observer-error-steps" id="ref-for-internal-observer-error-steps①⓪">error steps</a>
+        <p><a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#list-append" id="ref-for-list-append②">Append</a> the passed in <var>value</var> to <var>values</var>.</p>
+       <dt data-md><a data-link-type="dfn" href="#internal-observer-error-steps" id="ref-for-internal-observer-error-steps①②">error steps</a>
        <dd data-md>
         <p><a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#reject" id="ref-for-reject③">Reject</a> <var>p</var> with the passed in <var>error</var>.</p>
-       <dt data-md><a data-link-type="dfn" href="#internal-observer-complete-steps" id="ref-for-internal-observer-complete-steps⑨">complete steps</a>
+       <dt data-md><a data-link-type="dfn" href="#internal-observer-complete-steps" id="ref-for-internal-observer-complete-steps①①">complete steps</a>
        <dd data-md>
         <p><a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#resolve" id="ref-for-resolve">Resolve</a> <var>p</var> with <var>values</var>.</p>
       </dl>
      <li data-md>
-      <p><a data-link-type="dfn" href="#observable-subscribe-to-an-observable" id="ref-for-observable-subscribe-to-an-observable①②">Subscribe</a> to <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#this" id="ref-for-this②⑦">this</a> given <var>observer</var> and <var>options</var>.</p>
+      <p><a data-link-type="dfn" href="#observable-subscribe-to-an-observable" id="ref-for-observable-subscribe-to-an-observable①④">Subscribe</a> to <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#this" id="ref-for-this②⑧">this</a> given <var>observer</var> and <var>options</var>.</p>
      <li data-md>
       <p>Return <var>p</var>.</p>
     </ol>
@@ -1680,63 +1800,63 @@ <h4 class="heading settled" data-level="2.3.3" id="promise-returning-operators">
      <li data-md>
       <p>Let <var>p</var> <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#a-new-promise" id="ref-for-a-new-promise①">a new promise</a>.</p>
      <li data-md>
-      <p>Let <var>visitor callback controller</var> be a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#new" id="ref-for-new⑥">new</a> <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#abortcontroller" id="ref-for-abortcontroller①">AbortController</a></code>.</p>
+      <p>Let <var>visitor callback controller</var> be a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#new" id="ref-for-new⑦">new</a> <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#abortcontroller" id="ref-for-abortcontroller①">AbortController</a></code>.</p>
      <li data-md>
-      <p>Let <var>internal options</var> be a new <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dictdef-subscribeoptions" id="ref-for-dictdef-subscribeoptions①⑤">SubscribeOptions</a></code> whose <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dom-subscribeoptions-signal" id="ref-for-dom-subscribeoptions-signal①④">signal</a></code> is the
+      <p>Let <var>internal options</var> be a new <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dictdef-subscribeoptions" id="ref-for-dictdef-subscribeoptions①⑦">SubscribeOptions</a></code> whose <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dom-subscribeoptions-signal" id="ref-for-dom-subscribeoptions-signal①⑥">signal</a></code> is the
  result of <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#create-a-dependent-abort-signal" id="ref-for-create-a-dependent-abort-signal②">creating a dependent abort signal</a> from the list
- «<var>visitor callback controller</var>’s <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#abortcontroller-signal" id="ref-for-abortcontroller-signal②">signal</a>, <var>options</var>’s <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dom-subscribeoptions-signal" id="ref-for-dom-subscribeoptions-signal①⑤">signal</a></code> if non-null», using <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#abortsignal" id="ref-for-abortsignal④">AbortSignal</a></code>, and the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#current-realm" id="ref-for-current-realm①">current realm</a>.</p>
+ «<var>visitor callback controller</var>’s <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#abortcontroller-signal" id="ref-for-abortcontroller-signal②">signal</a>, <var>options</var>’s <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dom-subscribeoptions-signal" id="ref-for-dom-subscribeoptions-signal①⑦">signal</a></code> if non-null», using <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#abortsignal" id="ref-for-abortsignal④">AbortSignal</a></code>, and the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#current-realm" id="ref-for-current-realm①">current realm</a>.</p>
       <div class="note" role="note">
-       <p>Many trivial <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#internal-observer" id="ref-for-internal-observer①①">internal observers</a> act as pass-throughs, and do not control the
-   subscription to the <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#observable" id="ref-for-observable②⑦">Observable</a></code> that they represent; that is, their <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#internal-observer-error-steps" id="ref-for-internal-observer-error-steps①①">error steps</a> and <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#internal-observer-complete-steps" id="ref-for-internal-observer-complete-steps①⓪">complete steps</a> are called when the
-   subscription is terminated, and their <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#internal-observer-next-steps" id="ref-for-internal-observer-next-steps①①">next steps</a> simply pass some
+       <p>Many trivial <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#internal-observer" id="ref-for-internal-observer①③">internal observers</a> act as pass-throughs, and do not control the
+   subscription to the <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#observable" id="ref-for-observable③⑥">Observable</a></code> that they represent; that is, their <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#internal-observer-error-steps" id="ref-for-internal-observer-error-steps①③">error steps</a> and <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#internal-observer-complete-steps" id="ref-for-internal-observer-complete-steps①②">complete steps</a> are called when the
+   subscription is terminated, and their <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#internal-observer-next-steps" id="ref-for-internal-observer-next-steps①③">next steps</a> simply pass some
    version of the given value along the chain.</p>
-       <p>For this operator, however, the below <var>observer</var>’s <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#internal-observer-next-steps" id="ref-for-internal-observer-next-steps①②">next steps</a> are
-   responsible for actually aborting the underlying subscription to <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#this" id="ref-for-this②⑧">this</a>, in the event
-   that <var>callback</var> throws an exception. In that case, the <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dictdef-subscribeoptions" id="ref-for-dictdef-subscribeoptions①⑥">SubscribeOptions</a></code>'s <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dom-subscribeoptions-signal" id="ref-for-dom-subscribeoptions-signal①⑥">signal</a></code> we pass through to "<a data-link-type="dfn" href="#observable-subscribe-to-an-observable" id="ref-for-observable-subscribe-to-an-observable①③">Subscribe to an <code>Observable</code></a>", needs to be a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#create-a-dependent-abort-signal" id="ref-for-create-a-dependent-abort-signal③">dependent signal</a> derived from <var>options</var>’s <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dom-subscribeoptions-signal" id="ref-for-dom-subscribeoptions-signal①⑦">signal</a></code>, <strong>and</strong> the <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#abortsignal" id="ref-for-abortsignal⑤">AbortSignal</a></code> of an <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#abortcontroller" id="ref-for-abortcontroller②">AbortController</a></code> that the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#internal-observer-next-steps" id="ref-for-internal-observer-next-steps①③">next steps</a> below has access to, and can <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#abortcontroller-signal-abort" id="ref-for-abortcontroller-signal-abort②">signal
+       <p>For this operator, however, the below <var>observer</var>’s <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#internal-observer-next-steps" id="ref-for-internal-observer-next-steps①④">next steps</a> are
+   responsible for actually aborting the underlying subscription to <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#this" id="ref-for-this②⑨">this</a>, in the event
+   that <var>callback</var> throws an exception. In that case, the <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dictdef-subscribeoptions" id="ref-for-dictdef-subscribeoptions①⑧">SubscribeOptions</a></code>'s <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dom-subscribeoptions-signal" id="ref-for-dom-subscribeoptions-signal①⑧">signal</a></code> we pass through to "<a data-link-type="dfn" href="#observable-subscribe-to-an-observable" id="ref-for-observable-subscribe-to-an-observable①⑤">Subscribe to an <code>Observable</code></a>", needs to be a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#create-a-dependent-abort-signal" id="ref-for-create-a-dependent-abort-signal③">dependent signal</a> derived from <var>options</var>’s <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dom-subscribeoptions-signal" id="ref-for-dom-subscribeoptions-signal①⑨">signal</a></code>, <strong>and</strong> the <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#abortsignal" id="ref-for-abortsignal⑤">AbortSignal</a></code> of an <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#abortcontroller" id="ref-for-abortcontroller②">AbortController</a></code> that the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#internal-observer-next-steps" id="ref-for-internal-observer-next-steps①⑤">next steps</a> below has access to, and can <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#abortcontroller-signal-abort" id="ref-for-abortcontroller-signal-abort②">signal
    abort</a> when needed. </p>
       </div>
      <li data-md>
-      <p>If <var>internal options</var>’s <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dom-subscribeoptions-signal" id="ref-for-dom-subscribeoptions-signal①⑧">signal</a></code> is <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#abortsignal-aborted" id="ref-for-abortsignal-aborted③">aborted</a>, then:</p>
+      <p>If <var>internal options</var>’s <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dom-subscribeoptions-signal" id="ref-for-dom-subscribeoptions-signal②⓪">signal</a></code> is <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#abortsignal-aborted" id="ref-for-abortsignal-aborted③">aborted</a>, then:</p>
       <ol>
        <li data-md>
-        <p><a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#reject" id="ref-for-reject④">Reject</a> <var>p</var> with <var>internal options</var>’s <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dom-subscribeoptions-signal" id="ref-for-dom-subscribeoptions-signal①⑨">signal</a></code>'s <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#abortsignal-abort-reason" id="ref-for-abortsignal-abort-reason②">abort reason</a>.</p>
+        <p><a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#reject" id="ref-for-reject④">Reject</a> <var>p</var> with <var>internal options</var>’s <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dom-subscribeoptions-signal" id="ref-for-dom-subscribeoptions-signal②①">signal</a></code>'s <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#abortsignal-abort-reason" id="ref-for-abortsignal-abort-reason②">abort reason</a>.</p>
        <li data-md>
         <p>Return <var>p</var>.</p>
       </ol>
      <li data-md>
-      <p><a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#abortsignal-add" id="ref-for-abortsignal-add②">Add the following abort algorithm</a> to <var>internal options</var>’s <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dom-subscribeoptions-signal" id="ref-for-dom-subscribeoptions-signal②⓪">signal</a></code>:</p>
+      <p><a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#abortsignal-add" id="ref-for-abortsignal-add②">Add the following abort algorithm</a> to <var>internal options</var>’s <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dom-subscribeoptions-signal" id="ref-for-dom-subscribeoptions-signal②②">signal</a></code>:</p>
       <ol>
        <li data-md>
-        <p><a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#reject" id="ref-for-reject⑤">Reject</a> <var>p</var> with <var>internal options</var>’s <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dom-subscribeoptions-signal" id="ref-for-dom-subscribeoptions-signal②①">signal</a></code>'s <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#abortsignal-abort-reason" id="ref-for-abortsignal-abort-reason③">abort
+        <p><a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#reject" id="ref-for-reject⑤">Reject</a> <var>p</var> with <var>internal options</var>’s <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dom-subscribeoptions-signal" id="ref-for-dom-subscribeoptions-signal②③">signal</a></code>'s <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#abortsignal-abort-reason" id="ref-for-abortsignal-abort-reason③">abort
   reason</a>.</p>
-        <p class="note" role="note"><span class="marker">Note:</span> The fact that rejection of <var>p</var> is tied to <var>internal options</var>’s <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dom-subscribeoptions-signal" id="ref-for-dom-subscribeoptions-signal②②">signal</a></code>, and not <var>options</var>’s <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dom-subscribeoptions-signal" id="ref-for-dom-subscribeoptions-signal②③">signal</a></code> means, that
-  any <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/webappapis.html#microtask" id="ref-for-microtask">microtasks</a> <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/webappapis.html#queue-a-microtask" id="ref-for-queue-a-microtask">queued</a> during the firing of <var>options</var>’s <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dom-subscribeoptions-signal" id="ref-for-dom-subscribeoptions-signal②④">signal</a></code>'s <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#eventdef-abortsignal-abort" id="ref-for-eventdef-abortsignal-abort">abort</a></code> event will run before <var>p</var>’s
+        <p class="note" role="note"><span class="marker">Note:</span> The fact that rejection of <var>p</var> is tied to <var>internal options</var>’s <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dom-subscribeoptions-signal" id="ref-for-dom-subscribeoptions-signal②④">signal</a></code>, and not <var>options</var>’s <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dom-subscribeoptions-signal" id="ref-for-dom-subscribeoptions-signal②⑤">signal</a></code> means, that
+  any <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/webappapis.html#microtask" id="ref-for-microtask">microtasks</a> <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/webappapis.html#queue-a-microtask" id="ref-for-queue-a-microtask">queued</a> during the firing of <var>options</var>’s <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dom-subscribeoptions-signal" id="ref-for-dom-subscribeoptions-signal②⑥">signal</a></code>'s <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#eventdef-abortsignal-abort" id="ref-for-eventdef-abortsignal-abort">abort</a></code> event will run before <var>p</var>’s
   rejection handler runs.</p>
       </ol>
      <li data-md>
       <p>Let <var>idx</var> be an <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#idl-unsigned-long-long" id="ref-for-idl-unsigned-long-long⑤">unsigned long long</a></code>, initially 0.</p>
      <li data-md>
-      <p>Let <var>observer</var> be a new <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#internal-observer" id="ref-for-internal-observer①②">internal observer</a>, initialized as follows:</p>
+      <p>Let <var>observer</var> be a new <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#internal-observer" id="ref-for-internal-observer①④">internal observer</a>, initialized as follows:</p>
       <dl>
-       <dt data-md><a data-link-type="dfn" href="#internal-observer-next-steps" id="ref-for-internal-observer-next-steps①④">next steps</a>
+       <dt data-md><a data-link-type="dfn" href="#internal-observer-next-steps" id="ref-for-internal-observer-next-steps①⑥">next steps</a>
        <dd data-md>
         <ol>
          <li data-md>
-          <p><a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#invoke-a-callback-function" id="ref-for-invoke-a-callback-function①①">Invoke</a> <var>callback</var> with the passed in <var>value</var>, and <var>idx</var>.</p>
-          <p>If <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#an-exception-was-thrown" id="ref-for-an-exception-was-thrown①②">an exception <var>E</var> was thrown</a>, then <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#reject" id="ref-for-reject⑥">reject</a> <var>p</var> with <var>E</var>, and <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#abortcontroller-signal-abort" id="ref-for-abortcontroller-signal-abort③">signal abort</a> <var>visitor callback
+          <p><a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#invoke-a-callback-function" id="ref-for-invoke-a-callback-function①②">Invoke</a> <var>callback</var> with the passed in <var>value</var>, and <var>idx</var>.</p>
+          <p>If <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#an-exception-was-thrown" id="ref-for-an-exception-was-thrown①④">an exception <var>E</var> was thrown</a>, then <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#reject" id="ref-for-reject⑥">reject</a> <var>p</var> with <var>E</var>, and <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#abortcontroller-signal-abort" id="ref-for-abortcontroller-signal-abort③">signal abort</a> <var>visitor callback
    controller</var> with <var>E</var>.</p>
          <li data-md>
           <p>Increment <var>idx</var>.</p>
         </ol>
-       <dt data-md><a data-link-type="dfn" href="#internal-observer-error-steps" id="ref-for-internal-observer-error-steps①②">error steps</a>
+       <dt data-md><a data-link-type="dfn" href="#internal-observer-error-steps" id="ref-for-internal-observer-error-steps①④">error steps</a>
        <dd data-md>
         <p><a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#reject" id="ref-for-reject⑦">Reject</a> <var>p</var> with the passed in <var>error</var>.</p>
-       <dt data-md><a data-link-type="dfn" href="#internal-observer-complete-steps" id="ref-for-internal-observer-complete-steps①①">complete steps</a>
+       <dt data-md><a data-link-type="dfn" href="#internal-observer-complete-steps" id="ref-for-internal-observer-complete-steps①③">complete steps</a>
        <dd data-md>
         <p><a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#resolve" id="ref-for-resolve①">Resolve</a> <var>p</var> with <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#idl-undefined" id="ref-for-idl-undefined⑨">undefined</a></code>.</p>
       </dl>
      <li data-md>
-      <p><a data-link-type="dfn" href="#observable-subscribe-to-an-observable" id="ref-for-observable-subscribe-to-an-observable①④">Subscribe</a> to <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#this" id="ref-for-this②⑨">this</a> given <var>observer</var> and <var>internal options</var>.</p>
+      <p><a data-link-type="dfn" href="#observable-subscribe-to-an-observable" id="ref-for-observable-subscribe-to-an-observable①⑥">Subscribe</a> to <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#this" id="ref-for-this③⓪">this</a> given <var>observer</var> and <var>internal options</var>.</p>
      <li data-md>
       <p>Return <var>p</var>.</p>
     </ol>
@@ -1782,30 +1902,30 @@ <h2 class="heading settled" data-level="3" id="event-target-integration"><span c
 };
 
 <c- b>partial</c-> <c- b>interface</c-> <a class="idl-code" data-link-type="interface" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#eventtarget" id="ref-for-eventtarget①"><c- g>EventTarget</c-></a> {
-  <a data-link-type="idl-name" href="#observable" id="ref-for-observable②⑧"><c- n>Observable</c-></a> <a class="idl-code" data-link-type="method" href="#dom-eventtarget-on" id="ref-for-dom-eventtarget-on①"><c- g>on</c-></a>(<a class="idl-code" data-link-type="interface" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#idl-DOMString" id="ref-for-idl-DOMString"><c- b>DOMString</c-></a> <dfn class="idl-code" data-dfn-for="EventTarget/on(type, options), EventTarget/on(type)" data-dfn-type="argument" data-export id="dom-eventtarget-on-type-options-type"><code><c- g>type</c-></code><a class="self-link" href="#dom-eventtarget-on-type-options-type"></a></dfn>, <c- b>optional</c-> <a data-link-type="idl-name" href="#dictdef-observableeventlisteneroptions" id="ref-for-dictdef-observableeventlisteneroptions"><c- n>ObservableEventListenerOptions</c-></a> <dfn class="idl-code" data-dfn-for="EventTarget/on(type, options), EventTarget/on(type)" data-dfn-type="argument" data-export id="dom-eventtarget-on-type-options-options"><code><c- g>options</c-></code><a class="self-link" href="#dom-eventtarget-on-type-options-options"></a></dfn> = {});
+  <a data-link-type="idl-name" href="#observable" id="ref-for-observable③⑦"><c- n>Observable</c-></a> <a class="idl-code" data-link-type="method" href="#dom-eventtarget-on" id="ref-for-dom-eventtarget-on①"><c- g>on</c-></a>(<a class="idl-code" data-link-type="interface" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#idl-DOMString" id="ref-for-idl-DOMString"><c- b>DOMString</c-></a> <dfn class="idl-code" data-dfn-for="EventTarget/on(type, options), EventTarget/on(type)" data-dfn-type="argument" data-export id="dom-eventtarget-on-type-options-type"><code><c- g>type</c-></code><a class="self-link" href="#dom-eventtarget-on-type-options-type"></a></dfn>, <c- b>optional</c-> <a data-link-type="idl-name" href="#dictdef-observableeventlisteneroptions" id="ref-for-dictdef-observableeventlisteneroptions"><c- n>ObservableEventListenerOptions</c-></a> <dfn class="idl-code" data-dfn-for="EventTarget/on(type, options), EventTarget/on(type)" data-dfn-type="argument" data-export id="dom-eventtarget-on-type-options-options"><code><c- g>options</c-></code><a class="self-link" href="#dom-eventtarget-on-type-options-options"></a></dfn> = {});
 };
 </pre>
    <div class="algorithm" data-algorithm="on(type, options)" data-algorithm-for="EventTarget">
      The <dfn class="dfn-paneled idl-code" data-dfn-for="EventTarget" data-dfn-type="method" data-export data-lt="on(type, options)|on(type)" id="dom-eventtarget-on"><code>on(<var>type</var>, <var>options</var>)</code></dfn> method steps are: 
     <ol>
      <li data-md>
-      <p>If <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#this" id="ref-for-this③⓪">this</a>'s <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/webappapis.html#concept-relevant-global" id="ref-for-concept-relevant-global⑥">relevant global object</a> is a <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/nav-history-apis.html#window" id="ref-for-window⑥">Window</a></code> object, and its <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/nav-history-apis.html#concept-document-window" id="ref-for-concept-document-window⑥">associated
+      <p>If <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#this" id="ref-for-this③①">this</a>'s <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/webappapis.html#concept-relevant-global" id="ref-for-concept-relevant-global⑥">relevant global object</a> is a <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/nav-history-apis.html#window" id="ref-for-window⑥">Window</a></code> object, and its <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/nav-history-apis.html#concept-document-window" id="ref-for-concept-document-window⑥">associated
  Document</a> is not <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/document-sequences.html#fully-active" id="ref-for-fully-active⑥">fully active</a>, then return.</p>
      <li data-md>
-      <p>Let <var>event target</var> be <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#this" id="ref-for-this③①">this</a>.</p>
+      <p>Let <var>event target</var> be <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#this" id="ref-for-this③②">this</a>.</p>
      <li data-md>
-      <p>Let <var>observable</var> be a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#new" id="ref-for-new⑦">new</a> <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#observable" id="ref-for-observable②⑨">Observable</a></code>, initialized as follows:</p>
+      <p>Let <var>observable</var> be a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#new" id="ref-for-new⑧">new</a> <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#observable" id="ref-for-observable③⑧">Observable</a></code>, initialized as follows:</p>
       <dl>
-       <dt data-md><a data-link-type="dfn" href="#observable-subscribe-callback" id="ref-for-observable-subscribe-callback①⓪">subscribe callback</a>
+       <dt data-md><a data-link-type="dfn" href="#observable-subscribe-callback" id="ref-for-observable-subscribe-callback①①">subscribe callback</a>
        <dd data-md>
-        <p>An algorithm that takes a <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#subscriber" id="ref-for-subscriber①⑨">Subscriber</a></code> <var>subscriber</var> and runs these steps:</p>
+        <p>An algorithm that takes a <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#subscriber" id="ref-for-subscriber②①">Subscriber</a></code> <var>subscriber</var> and runs these steps:</p>
         <ol>
          <li data-md>
           <p>If <var>event target</var> is null, abort these steps.</p>
           <p class="note" role="note"><span class="marker">Note:</span> This is meant to capture the fact that <var>event target</var> can be garbage collected
  by the time this algorithm runs upon subscription.</p>
          <li data-md>
-          <p>If <var>subscriber</var>’s <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#subscriber-signal" id="ref-for-subscriber-signal①①">signal</a> is <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#abortsignal-aborted" id="ref-for-abortsignal-aborted④">aborted</a>, abort these
+          <p>If <var>subscriber</var>’s <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#subscriber-signal" id="ref-for-subscriber-signal①③">signal</a> is <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#abortsignal-aborted" id="ref-for-abortsignal-aborted④">aborted</a>, abort these
  steps.</p>
          <li data-md>
           <p><a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#add-an-event-listener" id="ref-for-add-an-event-listener">Add an event listener</a> with <var>event target</var> and an <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-event-listener" id="ref-for-concept-event-listener">event listener</a> defined as follows:</p>
@@ -1830,7 +1950,7 @@ <h2 class="heading settled" data-level="3" id="event-target-integration"><span c
            <dt data-md><a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org#event-listener-signal" id="ref-for-event-listener-signal">signal</a>
            <dd data-md>
             <p>null</p>
-            <p class="note" role="note"><span class="marker">Note:</span> The <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#abortsignal" id="ref-for-abortsignal⑥">AbortSignal</a></code> for event listeners <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#add-an-event-listener" id="ref-for-add-an-event-listener①">added</a> by <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dom-eventtarget-on" id="ref-for-dom-eventtarget-on②">on()</a></code> is managed by the <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#observable" id="ref-for-observable③⓪">Observable</a></code> itself. See <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dom-observable-subscribe" id="ref-for-dom-observable-subscribe⑤">subscribe()</a></code> and <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dictdef-subscribeoptions" id="ref-for-dictdef-subscribeoptions①⑦">SubscribeOptions</a></code>.</p>
+            <p class="note" role="note"><span class="marker">Note:</span> The <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#abortsignal" id="ref-for-abortsignal⑥">AbortSignal</a></code> for event listeners <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#add-an-event-listener" id="ref-for-add-an-event-listener①">added</a> by <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dom-eventtarget-on" id="ref-for-dom-eventtarget-on②">on()</a></code> is managed by the <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#observable" id="ref-for-observable③⑨">Observable</a></code> itself. See <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dom-observable-subscribe" id="ref-for-dom-observable-subscribe⑤">subscribe()</a></code> and <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dictdef-subscribeoptions" id="ref-for-dictdef-subscribeoptions①⑨">SubscribeOptions</a></code>.</p>
           </dl>
         </ol>
       </dl>
@@ -1839,11 +1959,11 @@ <h2 class="heading settled" data-level="3" id="event-target-integration"><span c
     </ol>
    </div>
    <div class="algorithm" data-algorithm="observable event listener invoke algorithm">
-     The <dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-noexport id="observable-event-listener-invoke-algorithm">observable event listener invoke algorithm</dfn> takes a <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#subscriber" id="ref-for-subscriber②⓪">Subscriber</a></code> <var>subscriber</var> and
+     The <dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-noexport id="observable-event-listener-invoke-algorithm">observable event listener invoke algorithm</dfn> takes a <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#subscriber" id="ref-for-subscriber②②">Subscriber</a></code> <var>subscriber</var> and
   an <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#event" id="ref-for-event①">Event</a></code> <var>event</var>, and runs these steps: 
     <ol>
      <li data-md>
-      <p>Run <var>subscriber</var>’s <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dom-subscriber-next" id="ref-for-dom-subscriber-next⑥">next()</a></code> method with <var>event</var>.</p>
+      <p>Run <var>subscriber</var>’s <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dom-subscriber-next" id="ref-for-dom-subscriber-next⑦">next()</a></code> method with <var>event</var>.</p>
     </ol>
    </div>
    <details class="wpt-tests-block" dir="ltr" lang="en" open>
@@ -1862,7 +1982,7 @@ <h2 class="heading settled" data-level="4" id="security-and-privacy"><span class
    </ul>
    <h2 class="heading settled" data-level="5" id="acks"><span class="secno">5. </span><span class="content">Acknowledgements</span><a class="self-link" href="#acks"></a></h2>
    <p>A special thanks to <a href="https://benlesh.com/">Ben Lesh</a> for much of the design
-input for the <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#observable" id="ref-for-observable③①">Observable</a></code> API, and his many years of work maintaining
+input for the <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#observable" id="ref-for-observable④⓪">Observable</a></code> API, and his many years of work maintaining
 userland Observable code that made this contribution to the web platform
 possible.</p>
   </main>
@@ -1898,6 +2018,7 @@ <h3 class="no-num no-ref heading settled" id="index-defined-here"><span class="c
    <li><a href="#dom-observable-find">find(predicate)</a><span>, in § 2.3.3</span>
    <li><a href="#dom-observable-find">find(predicate, options)</a><span>, in § 2.3.3</span>
    <li><a href="#dom-observable-flatmap">flatMap(mapper)</a><span>, in § 2.3.2</span>
+   <li><a href="#flatmap-process-next-value-steps">flatmap process next value steps</a><span>, in § 2.3.2</span>
    <li><a href="#dom-observable-foreach">forEach(callback)</a><span>, in § 2.3.3</span>
    <li><a href="#dom-observable-foreach">forEach(callback, options)</a><span>, in § 2.3.3</span>
    <li><a href="#dom-observable-from">from(value)</a><span>, in § 2.2</span>
@@ -1997,9 +2118,13 @@ <h3 class="no-num no-ref heading settled" id="index-defined-elsewhere"><span cla
     <ul>
      <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="53275e46">append</span>
      <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="77b4c09a">assert</span>
+     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="36858240">boolean</span>
+     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="03afaf9c">empty</span>
+     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="75393c04">exist</span>
      <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="16d07e10">for each</span>
      <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="c88f3887">item</span>
      <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="649608b9">list</span>
+     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="99c988d6">remove</span>
      <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="984221ca">struct</span>
     </ul>
    <li>
@@ -2121,6 +2246,12 @@ <h2 class="no-num no-ref heading settled" id="idl-index"><span class="content">I
 };
 
 </pre>
+  <h2 class="no-num no-ref heading settled" id="issues-index"><span class="content">Issues Index</span><a class="self-link" href="#issues-index"></a></h2>
+  <div style="counter-reset:issue">
+   <div class="issue"> We shouldn’t invoke <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="#dom-observable-from">from()</a></code> directly. Rather, we should
+ call some internal algorithm that passes-back the exceptions for us to handle
+ properly here, since we want to pipe them to <var>subscriber</var>. <a class="issue-return" href="#issue-4eb2abb1" title="Jump to section">↵</a></div>
+  </div>
 <script>/* Boilerplate: script-dfn-panel */
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@@ -2460,41 +2591,45 @@ <h2 class="no-num no-ref heading settled" id="idl-index"><span class="content">I
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@@ -2504,29 +2639,30 @@ <h2 class="no-num no-ref heading settled" id="idl-index"><span class="content">I
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