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Kind 2

A multi-engine, parallel, SMT-based automatic model checker for safety properties of Lustre programs.

Kind 2 takes as input a Lustre file annotated with properties to be proven invariant (see Lustre syntax), and outputs which of the properties are true for all inputs, as well as an input sequence for those properties that are falsified. To ease processing by front- end tools, Kind 2 can output its results in XML format.

By default Kind 2 runs a process for bounded model checking (BMC), a process for k-induction, two processes for invariant generation, and a process for IC3 in parallel on all properties simultaneously. It incrementally outputs counterexamples to properties as well as properties proved invariant.

The following command-line options control its operation (run kind2 --help for a full list). See also the description of the techniques for configuration examples and more details on each technique.

--enable {BMC|IND|INVGEN|INVGENOS|IC3} Select model checking engines

By default, all three model checking engines are run in parallel. Give any combination of --enable BMC, --enable IND and --enable IC3 to select which engines to run. The option --enable BMC alone will not be able to prove properties valid, choosing --enable IND only will not produce any results. Any other combination is sound (properties claimed to be invariant are indeed invariant) and counterexample-complete (a counterexample will be produced for each property that is not invariant, given enough time and resources).

--timeout_wall <int> (default 0 = none) -- Run for the given number of seconds of wall clock time

--timeout_virtual <int> (default 0 = none) -- Run for the given number of seconds of CPU time

--smtsolver {CVC4|Yices|Z3} (default Z3) -- Select SMT solver

The default is Z3, but see options of the ./build.sh script to override at compile time

--cvc4_bin <file> -- Executable for CVC4

--yices_bin <file> -- Executable for Yices

--z3_bin <file> -- Executable for Z3

-v Output informational messages

-xml Output in XML format

Requirements

  • Linux or Mac OS X,
  • Automake,
  • GNU Libtool,
  • pkg-config,
  • OCaml 4.03 or later,
  • Ocamlbuild, Ocamlfind, Camlp4,
  • num (part of OCaml distribution until 4.06),
  • Menhir parser generator, and
  • a supported SMT solver

Building and installing

Move to the top-level directory of the Kind 2 distribution, and make sure the path to that directory does not contain any white spaces (i.e., do not use something like /Users/Smith/Kind 2/). Then, run

./autogen.sh

By default, kind2 will be installed into /usr/local/bin, an operation for which you usually need to be root. Call

./build.sh --prefix=<path>

to install the Kind 2 binary into <path>/bin. You can omit the option to accept the default path of /usr/local/bin.

The ZeroMQ and CZMQ libraries, and OCaml bindings to CZMQ are distributed with Kind 2. The build script will compile and link to those, ignoring any versions that are installed on your system.

If it has been successful, call

make install

to install the Kind 2 binary into the chosen location. If you need to pass options to the configure scripts of any of ZeroMQ, CZMQ, the OCaml bindings or Kind 2, add these to the build.sh call. Use ./configure --help after autogen.sh to see all available options.

You need a supported SMT solver on your path when running kind2.

You can run tests to see if Kind 2 has been built correctly. To do so run

make test

You can pass arguments to Kind 2 with the ARGS="..." syntax. For instance

make ARGS="--enable IC3" test

Documentation

You can generate the user documentation by running make doc. This will generate a pdf document in doc/ corresponding to the markdown documentation available on the GitHub page.

To generate the documentation, you need

  • a GNU version of sed (gsed on OSX), and
  • Pandoc.

Docker

Kind 2 is available on docker.

Retrieving / updating the image

Install docker and then run

docker pull kind2/kind2:dev

Docker will retrieve the layers corresponding to the latest version of the Kind 2 repository, develop version. If you are interested in the latest release, run

docker pull kind2/kind2

instead.

If you want to update your Kind 2 image to latest one, simply re-run the docker pull command.

Running Kind 2 through docker

To run Kind 2 on a file on your system, it is recommended to mount the folder in which this file is as a volume. In practice, run

docker run -v <absolute_path_to_folder>:/lus kind2/kind2:dev <options> /lus/<your_file>

where

  • <absolute_path_to_folder> is the absolute path to the folder your file is in,
  • <your_file> is the lustre file you want to run Kind 2 on, and
  • <options> are some Kind 2 options of your choice.

N.B.

  • the fact that the path to your folder must be absolute is a docker constraint;
  • mount point /lus is arbitrary and does not matter as long as it is consistent with the last argument /lus/<your_file>. To avoid name clashes with folders already present in the container however, it is recommended to use /lus;
  • replace kind2:dev by kind2 if you want to run the latest release of Kind2 instead of the develop version;
  • docker run does not update your local Kind 2 image to the latest one: the appropriate docker pull command does.

Packaging your local version of Kind 2

At the top level of the Kind 2 repository is a Dockerfile you can use to build your own Kind 2 image. To do so, just run

docker build -t kind2-local .

at the root of the repository. kind2-local is given here as an example, feel free to call it whatever you want.

Note that building your own local Kind 2 image does require access to the Internet. This is because of the packages the build process needs to retrieve, as well as for downloading the z3 and cvc4 solvers.