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reflow（重排）-和-repaint（重绘）.html
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<section id="main" style="float:none;"><article id="post-reflow（重排）-和-repaint（重绘）" style="width: 75%; float:left;" class="article article-type-post article-home-false" itemscope itemprop="blogPost" >
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reflow（重排） 和 repaint（重绘）
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<a href="/reflow（重排）-和-repaint（重绘）.html" class="article-date">
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<span class="post-count">本文共 695 字</span>
<span class="post-count">预计花费 3 分钟</span>
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<div class="article-entry" itemprop="articleBody">
<blockquote>
<p>什么是重绘与重排，如何减少？</p>
</blockquote>
<a id="more"></a>
<h2 id="是什么"><a href="#是什么" class="headerlink" title="是什么"></a>是什么</h2><p><strong>reflow：</strong> 浏览器重新渲染部分或全部文档，重新计算元素位置和几何解构。页面至少发生一次重排在页面初次加载的时候。</p>
<p><strong>repaint：</strong> 只改样式而不影响布局，如改： <code>background-color</code> 等。</p>
<h2 id="触发条件"><a href="#触发条件" class="headerlink" title="触发条件"></a>触发条件</h2><p><strong>reflow</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><p><strong>盒模型相关：</strong> <code>width</code> <code>height</code> <code>margin</code> <code>padding</code> <code>border</code> …</p>
</li>
<li><p><strong>定位、浮动：</strong> <code>float</code> <code>position</code> …</p>
</li>
<li><p><strong>文字解构：</strong> <code>text-align</code> <code>line-height</code> <code>overflow</code> <code>font-size</code> …</p>
</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<ul>
<li><p>调整窗口大小</p>
</li>
<li><p>样式表变动</p>
</li>
<li><p>元素内容变化，尤其是输入控件</p>
</li>
<li><p>dom操作</p>
</li>
<li><p>css伪类激活</p>
</li>
<li><p>计算元素的offsetWidth、offsetHeight、clientWidth、clientHeight、width、height、scrollTop、scrollHeight</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>repaint</strong></p>
<p>元素更新样式风格相关的属性时。</p>
<p>注 ⚠️： reflow 一定会 repaint，repaint 不一定会 reflow</p>
<h2 id="如何避免"><a href="#如何避免" class="headerlink" title="如何避免"></a>如何避免</h2><p><strong>避免 reflow</strong></p>
<p>本质上是减少对 <code>render tree</code> 的操作，<code>render tree</code> 包括 <code>DOM</code> 和 <code>CSSOM</code> 的信息。当二者都组建完毕时才进行 <code>render tree</code> 的合并。中途一旦遇到脚本文件就会停止组建，若涉及到对节点或样式的修改会等待修改完毕再继续组建。（这是发生在第一次加载的时候，后续的改变就是描述的那样重排的情况了）</p>
<ul>
<li>直接改类名,减少分别修改样式的次数</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 不好的写法</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">var</span> left = <span class="number">1</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">var</span> top = <span class="number">2</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> ele.style.left = left + <span class="string">"px"</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> ele.style.top = top + <span class="string">"px"</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 比较好的写法</span></span><br><span class="line"> ele.className += <span class="string">" className1"</span>;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>或者将几次修改内容拼接成一个字符串，一次性修改，其实原理同上。</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ele.style.cssText += <span class="string">";</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">left: "</span> + left + <span class="string">"px;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">top: "</span> + top + <span class="string">"px;"</span>;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li>整体搬离，减少 <code>reflow</code></li>
</ul>
<ol>
<li><p>使用<a href="https://docs.segmentfault.com/dom/documentfragment" target="_blank" rel="noopener">DocumentFragment</a>进行缓存操作,引发一次回流和重绘；</p>
<p><strong><em>DocumentFragment 是 ‘a minimal document object that has no parent.A common use for DocumentFragment is to create one, assemble a DOM subtree within it, then append or insert the fragment into the DOM using Node interface methods such as appendChild() or insertBefore()). ’</em></strong></p>
</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">document</span>.addEventListener(<span class="string">'DOMContentLoaded'</span>, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">var</span> date = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">Date</span>(),</span><br><span class="line"> fragment = <span class="built_in">document</span>.createDocumentFragment();</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="keyword">var</span> i = <span class="number">0</span>; i < <span class="number">7000</span>; i++) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">var</span> tmpNode = <span class="built_in">document</span>.createElement(<span class="string">"div"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> tmpNode.innerHTML = <span class="string">"test"</span> + i;</span><br><span class="line"> fragment.appendChild(tmpNode);</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">document</span>.body.appendChild(fragment);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="string">"speed time"</span>, <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">Date</span>() - date);</span><br><span class="line">});</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ol start="2">
<li><p>使用display:none，只引发两次回流和重绘；</p>
</li>
<li><p>使用cloneNode(true or false) 和 replaceChild 技术，引发一次回流和重绘；</p>
</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>频繁访问属性的时候，采取缓存。</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 不好的写法</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span>(<span class="keyword">let</span> i = <span class="number">0</span>; i < <span class="number">20</span>; i++ ) {</span><br><span class="line"> el.style.left = el.offsetLeft + <span class="number">5</span> + <span class="string">"px"</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> el.style.top = el.offsetTop + <span class="number">5</span> + <span class="string">"px"</span>;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 比较好的写法</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> left = el.offsetLeft,</span><br><span class="line">top = el.offsetTop,</span><br><span class="line">s = el.style;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="keyword">let</span> i = <span class="number">0</span>; i < <span class="number">20</span>; i++ ) {</span><br><span class="line"> left += <span class="number">5</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> top += <span class="number">5</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> s.left = left + <span class="string">"px"</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> s.top = top + <span class="string">"px"</span>;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li>替代会触发reflow和repaint的属性</li>
</ul>
<p>比如用translate代替top，用opacity替代visibility</p>
<ul>
<li><p>减少table的使用</p>
</li>
<li><p>动画实现的速度选择</p>
</li>
<li><p>对于动画新建图层</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="参考"><a href="#参考" class="headerlink" title="参考"></a>参考</h2><p><a href="https://juejin.im/post/5a9372895188257a6b06132e" target="_blank" rel="noopener">reflow和repaint引发的性能问题</a></p>
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