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Angular Directive
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<time datetime="2018-04-27T05:54:54.000Z" itemprop="datePublished">2018-04-27</time>
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<span class="post-count">本文共 482 字</span>
<span class="post-count">预计花费 2 分钟</span>
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<p>翻译自 <a href="https://code.angularjs.org/1.5.8/docs/guide/directive" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Directives</a></p>
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<h2 id="隔离指令的作用域-scope"><a href="#隔离指令的作用域-scope" class="headerlink" title="隔离指令的作用域(scope)"></a>隔离指令的作用域(scope)</h2><p>我们上面的 <code>myCustomer</code> 指令已经很棒了，但是它有个致命的缺陷：<strong>只能在给定的作用域里使用它一次。</strong></p>
<p>上述的缺陷就导致了需要去额外创建多个不同的 <code>controller</code> 来达到复用指令的目的。这显然不是好的解决方案。</p>
<p>我们想要做到的是将外部作用域与内部的作用域分离，然后将外部指令映射到内部指令上。这就用到了指令的 <code>scope</code> 属性。</p>
<p>在 <code>index.html</code> 中第一个 <code><my-customer></my-customer></code> 元素将 <code>info</code> 属性绑定了 <code>naomi</code> 的值，这是我们已经在 <code>controller</code> 中暴露出来的。第二个则是绑定到了 <code>igor</code>。</p>
<p><strong>总而言之，在一个 <code>controller</code> 中想要复用同一个 <code>directive</code> 就需要在 <code>directive</code> 中添加 <code>scope</code> 属性</strong></p>
<p> 让我们仔细地分析一下 <code>scope</code> 这个属性：</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">scope: {</span><br><span class="line"> customerInfo = <span class="string">'=info'</span></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p> <code>scope</code> 属性是一个对象，内容是用于绑定独立作用域。具体如下：</p>
<ul>
<li><code>key</code> 是用于绑定指令的独立作用域的名字</li>
<li><p><code>value</code> 则是告诉 angular 的 <code>$compile</code> 在编译的时候将哪个值与视图绑定。</p>
<p><strong><em>注意： 这些 <code>＝attr</code> 属性就像指令名称一样被标准化。将这些属性绑定到元素上时 <code><div bind-to-this='thing'></code> 需要这样指定 <code>=bindToThis</code></em></strong></p>
<p>如果属性名和和属性值一样，则可以直接使用 <code>=</code> 绑定</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">scope: {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 等同于 =customer</span></span><br><span class="line"> customer: <span class="string">'='</span></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>除了使从指令内部绑定不同作用域数据成为可能以外，使用 <code>isolate scope</code> 还有另外的影响。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p> 就像名字建议的那样，指令的 <code>scope</code> 隔绝了一切除了明确添加到 <code>scope: {}</code> 对象中的和 <code>models</code>。这对于构建可复用的组件是很有帮助的，因为这阻止了一个组件意外的更改 <code>model</code> 中的属性</p>
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<ol class="nav"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#隔离指令的作用域-scope"><span class="nav-number">1.</span> <span class="nav-text">隔离指令的作用域(scope)</span></a></li></ol>
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