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<time title="创建时间:2022-01-09 00:00:00 / 修改时间:09:16:45" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2022-01-09T00:00:00+08:00">2022-01-09</time>
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<span class="post-meta-item-text">本文字数:</span>
<span>1.2k</span>
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<span class="post-meta-item-text">阅读时长 ≈</span>
<span>1 分钟</span>
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<p>网络资源搬运!</p>
<h3 id="尽快保存,手慢无"><a href="#尽快保存,手慢无" class="headerlink" title="尽快保存,手慢无"></a>尽快保存,手慢无</h3><p>复制相关链接,打开手机版阿里云盘,即可保存海量资源~</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>资源描述</th>
<th>分享链接</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>百度网盘迁移阿里云盘工具</td>
<td><span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYWxpeXVuZHJpdmUuY29tL3MvVHV0aTdnSm1FUnM=" title="https://www.aliyundrive.com/s/Tuti7gJmERs">https://www.aliyundrive.com/s/Tuti7gJmERs<i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>5731部无水印电影①</td>
<td><span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYWxpeXVuZHJpdmUuY29tL3MvUGh3S245QWJFZXo=" title="https://www.aliyundrive.com/s/PhwKn9AbEez">https://www.aliyundrive.com/s/PhwKn9AbEez<i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>5731部无水印电影②</td>
<td><span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYWxpeXVuZHJpdmUuY29tL3MvaFBYRk43MnlMSzE=" title="https://www.aliyundrive.com/s/hPXFN72yLK1">https://www.aliyundrive.com/s/hPXFN72yLK1<i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1750部高清电影</td>
<td><span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYWxpeXVuZHJpdmUuY29tL3MvcHNFckxmNHJTQUY=" title="https://www.aliyundrive.com/s/psErLf4rSAF">https://www.aliyundrive.com/s/psErLf4rSAF<i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>超清漫画400+</td>
<td><span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYWxpeXVuZHJpdmUuY29tL3MvU2I1Y0F3b0NqM00=" title="https://www.aliyundrive.com/s/Sb5cAwoCj3M">https://www.aliyundrive.com/s/Sb5cAwoCj3M<i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>中国国家地理 2003 - 2020超清版</td>
<td><span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYWxpeXVuZHJpdmUuY29tL3MvdGgzdnd2a2NLeUc=" title="https://www.aliyundrive.com/s/th3vwvkcKyG">https://www.aliyundrive.com/s/th3vwvkcKyG<i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>🔥ePUBee🐝整站电子书(闭站绝版)</td>
<td><span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYWxpeXVuZHJpdmUuY29tL3MvTUo3cW9SVnBuVDM=" title="https://www.aliyundrive.com/s/MJ7qoRVpnT3">https://www.aliyundrive.com/s/MJ7qoRVpnT3<i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>10066本小说①</td>
<td><span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYWxpeXVuZHJpdmUuY29tL3MvZjFCa21KQUYxSEs=" title="https://www.aliyundrive.com/s/f1BkmJAF1HK">https://www.aliyundrive.com/s/f1BkmJAF1HK<i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>10066本小说②</td>
<td><span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYWxpeXVuZHJpdmUuY29tL3MvNDQ1TTJ6a1JtQTQ=" title="https://www.aliyundrive.com/s/445M2zkRmA4">https://www.aliyundrive.com/s/445M2zkRmA4<i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>10066本小说③</td>
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<h1 id="第一章:醒悟"><a href="#第一章:醒悟" class="headerlink" title="第一章:醒悟"></a>第一章:醒悟</h1><h2 id="1-孰主孰仆"><a href="#1-孰主孰仆" class="headerlink" title="1.孰主孰仆"></a>1.孰主孰仆</h2><p>作为一个人,在这一生中可能遇到的最震撼的经历莫过于发现这样一个神奇的现象:我们竟然可以用自己的大脑控制自己的大脑。</p>
<p>我们可以用锤子去砸钉子。然而,我们却不可能用某一个锤子去砸同一个锤子,也不可能用某一个钉子去砸同一个钉子。大脑和思考之间的关系远比锤子与钉子之间的关系复杂得多。我们用自己的大脑进行思考,然而我们思考的方式和结果往往受上一次思考的方式和结果影响,同时也会影响下一步思考的方式和结果。</p>
<p>可以用一个句子来说明我们的思考可以复杂到什么程度,以及语言和文字有时会被局限到什么程度:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>我们甚至可以思考我们的思考方式和思考结果是否确实是合理的思考方式和思考结果。</p>
<p>(人类能将自己的思考作为思考对象的能力被称作“<span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cDovL2VuLndpa2lwZWRpYS5vcmcvd2lraS9NZXRhY29nbml0aW9u" title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metacognition">元认知能力<i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></span>”。)</p>
</blockquote>
<p>审视一下自己,就可以理解,每个人都能把自己划分为两部分——自己知道的与自己不知道的。有的时候,我们对自身并不了解。很多人都有这样的经历——突然有一天,你很关心的某个人对你说:“你怎么这么自私呢!”这种事情发生的时候,大多数人都会觉得“很受伤”——即便人天性自私,你对他可一直是无私的,因为你知道自己确实是非常关心他的。然而,他现在对你的评价很可能说明你身上有自己并不知道的部分。</p>
<p>这个例子或许也能说明另一个问题:每个人都可以用另外的方式把自己划分为两个部分——别人知道的和别人不知道的。通过这种方式,我们可以把一个人划分成四个区域。</p>
<p><img src="images/012_Image_2.png" alt></p>
<p>也许对每个人来说,自己身上最为隐秘的部分就是上图中的3号区域:自己不知道的、别人也不知道的自己。</p>
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<h1 id="第二章:现实"><a href="#第二章:现实" class="headerlink" title="第二章:现实"></a>第二章:现实</h1><h2 id="1-速成绝无可能"><a href="#1-速成绝无可能" class="headerlink" title="1.速成绝无可能"></a>1.速成绝无可能</h2><p>不管在哪个领域,学习也好,工作也罢,长辈们的建议总是“<strong>戒骄戒躁</strong>”。虽然把“戒骄”放在前面,但“戒骄”其实是有了一定成绩之后的事情。对大多数人来说,首先要“戒 躁”,才有机会“戒骄”。</p>
<p>“戒躁”说了千百年,可我们还是很浮躁。我们总在不由自主地想,如果有速成的办法就好了——可惜,没有,确实没有。几乎人人都想速成,连上帝都不例外。《圣经》里说上帝仅用6天时间就创造了这个世界,而后就迫不及待地休息去了。事实上,应该是人类创造了上帝才对,这样才能解释为什么这个上帝拥有人的基本特征——浮躁,做什么事都想速成。</p>
<p>期望速成,从微观层面上看,有两个主要原因。</p>
<p>第一个原因是人希望自己的欲望马上得到满足的天性。一个确定的事实是,几乎每个人都有无穷无尽的欲望。虽然每个人都知道,不是所有欲望都能被满足,但人们仍然不会放弃追逐尽可能多的欲望。于是,不劳而获成了每个人心中的诸多愿望之一,甚至可能是其中最大的愿望。如果达不到不劳而获,少劳多获也可以接受,而且最好是“劳”尽量少,“获”尽量多,多多益善。从这个角度更进一步地说,大多数人都抱着类似这样的想法:如果收获的可能性很大,最好马上看到成果;如果收获的可能性很小,最好马上知道结果。</p>
<p>每个人都有这种欲望,差别仅在程度或者表现上。</p>
<p>这种差别也可以解释为什么一些人比另外一些人更容易迷恋赌博——因为这些人比另外那些人更想要甚至需要马上知道结果。</p>
<p>在各种赌博形式中,老虎机可说是赌鬼们的最爱了。这说的仅仅是赌鬼,赌王是不玩老虎机的,因为他们在这种纯粹的赌博中得不到乐趣,也不能保证收益。而赌鬼们不同,尽管和赌王一样有着强烈的赢利欲望,但是,赌鬼们潜意识里还有另外一个更需要满足的欲望——马上看到结果。老虎机可以满足这个欲望,而且操作极为简单——拉一下手柄,5秒之内就能得到结果。是输是赢其实并不重要,重要的是“5秒之内就能得到结果”!</p>
<p>同样,酗酒疯狂无度的、嫖娼乐此不疲的、吸毒罔顾死活的,都是这种“希望自己的欲望马上得到满足的天性”使然。更要命的是,几乎整个社会都在用各种各样的方式刺激人们发挥这种天性,并愈演愈烈。电视上的减肥广告告诉你,减肥药都功能神奇,当天见效。报纸上的医疗广告告诉你,无论得了什么病都不要怕,找他一准手到病除。公交上的培训广告告诉你,不管学什么都要速成,因为人生苦短。有一个防身术学习班期期火爆,看看它的名字就能明白原因——一招制敌!</p>
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<h1 id="第四章:学习"><a href="#第四章:学习" class="headerlink" title="第四章:学习"></a>第四章:学习</h1><h2 id="1-效率本质"><a href="#1-效率本质" class="headerlink" title="1.效率本质"></a>1.效率本质</h2><p>在第1章“我的案例”一节,我曾提到过我因运气而学习了一些简单的编程知识、因愚蠢而拒绝学习盲打的经历。很多人常常拒绝学习,他们拒绝学习的理由和那些痴迷学习的人一样——不知道它有什么用。</p>
<p>如果说,车是人类腿脚的延伸——使人们走得更遥远,望远镜是人类眼睛的延伸——使人们看得更清晰,计算机是人类大脑的延伸——使人们算得更迅速……那么,学习就是人类所有能力的延伸使人们拥有更多能力,并且往往主要取决于你花费的时间与精力。需要注意的是,这只不过是成本而已,尚未考虑收益。事实上,学习是投资回报率最高的行为。</p>
<p>我见过很多“拒绝学习”的人。举几个例子。我曾经多次劝我的一个朋友花20分钟学习命令行下的批处理方法,未果。他拒绝的理由是:“现在谁还用命令行啊?早就是可视化操作系统的时代了!”我曾经多次劝我的另一个朋友花10分钟学习一下Google通配符的使用,未果。她说:“不用那东西也一样能找到自己想要的啊!”我曾替他们着急过,可是后来却发现这是个“死结”。为什么呢?第一,拒绝学习就不可能有机会知道学习之后的收获;第二,由于不知道学习之后的收获是什么,也就不可能知道那收获有多好、多大;第三,既然对学习的好处无从了解,自然就没有学习的动力……</p>
<p><img src="images/103_Image_1.png" alt></p>
<p>任何一个人如果曾经有最终习得某种技能的经验,就会知道在习得的那一瞬间,整个世界都会为之改变。换一种说法:因为有能力做更多的事情了,他也就不再存在于原本的世界里;因为所习得的技能,他让自己拥有了另一个完全不同的世界。比如,一个人若最终可以熟练使用一门外语,那他原本生存的世界就多了一扇门,跨过那个门槛,就是另一个世界——他比那些只能讲母语的人多拥有一个世界。选择痴迷于学习的人,正是基于这样的体会:每掌握了一项新的技能(是否足够精通或者是否比别人强实际上根本不重要),就感觉自己像重生了一次。如此看来,其实每个人原本可以拥有的都并非只有一辈子,只不过是大多数人放弃了而已。以我来说,很多年前当我学会BASIC程序语言时,并不知道它会给我这一生带来无穷的好处,甚至不知道自己已然脱胎换骨;当我学会了当众演讲时,我的世界也跟着变了,我打开了一扇新的门;当我真正学会了如何教书时,我发现自己已身处另一个世界……回顾往昔,我早已重生无数回。</p>
<p>事实上,有些人比其他人更有机会体验这种“一生经历许多辈子”的“诡异”感受。比如说,演员。那些从影几十年的演员,往往演技过人(所以才没有被淘汰);而他们过人的演技更多来自勤奋而非天赋——在每一出戏中他们都会用尽一切方法去了解他们所饰演的角色。<span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cDovL2dvby5nbC9aUWJSaQ==" title="http://goo.gl/ZQbRi">罗伯特·德尼罗<i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></span>为了演好一名拳击手(<span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cDovL2dvby5nbC8yQmRMaA==" title="http://goo.gl/2BdLh">《愤怒的公牛》<i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></span>),先在几个月内增重30千克,而后在几个月内又减重30千克。<span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cDovL2dvby5nbC9LNGNtUg==" title="http://goo.gl/K4cmR">梅尔·吉布森<i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></span>为了拍好<span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cDovL2dvby5nbC9JdTJEYw==" title="http://goo.gl/Iu2Dc">《勇敢的心》<i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></span>,曾经花费几年时间去图书馆“做功课”。<span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cDovL2dvby5nbC82eDYzcw==" title="http://goo.gl/6x63s">艾德·哈里斯<i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></span>为了演好贝多芬(<span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cDovL2dvby5nbC83c3JEUg==" title="http://goo.gl/7srDR">《复制贝多芬<i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></span>》),花了好几年时间打磨自己的琴艺,揣摩贝多芬的心迹。<span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cDovL2dvby5nbC8xWXVTYw==" title="http://goo.gl/1YuSc">刘德华<i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></span>为了演好<span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cDovL2dvby5nbC9BSTdLeg==" title="http://goo.gl/AI7Kz">《阿虎》<i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></span>,只在能自然地流露出虎落平阳的神态这一点上,就自愿挨了许多顿打……将这些演员20年前的照片和现在的照片对比,我们就会发现,他们最明显的变化其实不是年龄,而是眼神——愈加深邃。我个人的理解是,他们演一出戏就等于活了“一辈子”,如此,他们早已经活过不知道多少辈子了,眼神太难不深邃、不透彻。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>另外一个演艺圈里无人不服的演员是<span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cDovL2dvby5nbC9NQTRjNA==" title="http://goo.gl/MA4c4">克里斯汀·贝尔<i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></span>,他为《机械师》减重,为《蝙蝠侠:开战时刻》增重,后来又为《斗士》减重 。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>“学习”最关键的一点是:任何知识的获取,都是不可逆的。在知道它的那一瞬间,它就已经改变了一切,生活因它而变,却无法还原。我们再也不可能对它视而不见、听而不闻、置之不理,它瞬间就能根深蒂固,无法铲除。比如说,那些学过概率统计的人,在一般情况下是没办法掏钱买彩票的……因为买彩票这种行为在他们眼里是对自己智商的侮辱。但与此同时,彩票是地球上最畅销的商品(没有之一),可见有多少人一生都未曾有机会了解那些重要的知识。</p>
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<h1 id="第六章:交流"><a href="#第六章:交流" class="headerlink" title="第六章:交流"></a>第六章:交流</h1><h2 id="1-学会倾听"><a href="#1-学会倾听" class="headerlink" title="1.学会倾听"></a>1.学会倾听</h2><p>正如没有人认为自己不会说一样,几乎没有人认为自己不会听。可事实上,大多数人并不懂得应该如何有效地倾听。从某种意义上讲,交流的有效与否往往更取决于听者而非说者,反过来说,失败的交流往往源自听者的疏忽。不夸张地讲,倾听能力的强弱,几乎能够决定一个人的命运,因为绝大部分时间里,任何一个人的生存和发展都依赖听某些人的话,或者,反过来,依赖某些人听他的话。</p>
<p>人们总以为倾听能力是与生俱来的,并且自然而然地认为阅读能力比倾听能力更难养成(当然也就更想当然地认为阅读比倾听重要)。这种认识导致正规教育体系在长达10多年的教育过程中,从未有过针对母语的“听力”课程。教师在课堂上对一届又一届的学生重复教授同样的内容,而台下的学生居然永远只有少数能够全面把握教师所讲述的信息——倾听能力的巨大差异也许是这种永恒尴尬的最好解释之一。</p>
<p>人类讲话的速度往往远低于思考的速度,所以我们在倾听的过程中常常会出现走神的现象。刚开始走神的时候,持续时间不会太久,也许只有几分之一秒,但就在这一瞬间,大脑也能处理许多信号。因此,当大脑“神游”归来时,我们往往发现自己并未错过什么重要的东西。于是,大脑又开始自动走神,这一次可能要比之前更久,因为大脑早已“证明”过自己“游刃有余”。而再次归来之时,大脑也许还会“印证”自己并未错过什么……于是,走神的次数越来越多,时间越来越长……</p>
<p>如此这般下去,终究会出现真正错过重要信息的情况。另一方面,说者为了讲解清楚来龙去脉,往往不得不把重要的信息,比如重要的事实、迂回的说理、意味深远的结论,放在后面。从总体上来看,说者发出的信息越来越重要,可是听者接收的信息却越来越少、越来越零散。</p>
<p>经过一次又一次的走神,听者“印证自己并未错过有效信息”的判断就很可能只是幻觉。我们的大脑有一种模式拼接能力:在处理零散信息的时候,会不由自主地将它们按照某种之前曾经遇到过的模式拼接起来——并总是以一种我们自以为有意义的模式。<span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cDovL2dvby5nbC81clpDNw==" title="http://goo.gl/5rZC7">九一一袭击事件<i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></span>发生的时候,人们在双塔烟雾中看到的“魔鬼面孔”就是一个典型的例子。</p>
<p><img src="images/181_Image_1.png" alt></p>
<p>双塔烟雾中的“魔鬼面孔”。</p>
<p>这也可以解释生活中经常出现的这种情况:</p>
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