Add soltuion for "string to integer" problem

[v-280]

This issue aims to add a coding problem titled "String to Integer" along with its solution to the repository.
### PROBLEM STATEMENT
Implement the myAtoi(string s) function, which converts a string to a 32-bit signed integer.

The algorithm for myAtoi(string s) is as follows:

Whitespace: Ignore any leading whitespace (" ").
Signedness: Determine the sign by checking if the next character is '-' or '+', assuming positivity is neither present.
Conversion: Read the integer by skipping leading zeros until a non-digit character is encountered or the end of the string is reached. If no digits were read, then the result is 0.
Rounding: If the integer is out of the 32-bit signed integer range [-231, 231 - 1], then round the integer to remain in the range. Specifically, integers less than -231 should be rounded to -231, and integers greater than 231 - 1 should be rounded to 231 - 1.
Return the integer as the final result.

Example 1:

Input: s = "42"

Output: 42

Explanation:

The underlined characters are what is read in and the caret is the current reader position.
Step 1: "42" (no characters read because there is no leading whitespace)
^
Step 2: "42" (no characters read because there is neither a '-' nor '+')
^
Step 3: "42" ("42" is read in)
^
Example 2:

Input: s = " -042"

Output: -42

Explanation:

Step 1: " -042" (leading whitespace is read and ignored)
^
Step 2: " -042" ('-' is read, so the result should be negative)
^
Step 3: " -042" ("042" is read in, leading zeros ignored in the result)

Constraints:

0 <= s.length <= 200
s consists of English letters (lower-case and upper-case), digits (0-9), ' ', '+', '-', and '.'.

I would like to contribute to this repo under hacktoberfest, kindly assign me this issue

[Saloni6111]

This issue aims to add a coding problem titled "String to Integer" along with its solution to the repository. ### PROBLEM STATEMENT Implement the myAtoi(string s) function, which converts a string to a 32-bit signed integer.

The algorithm for myAtoi(string s) is as follows:

Whitespace: Ignore any leading whitespace (" "). Signedness: Determine the sign by checking if the next character is '-' or '+', assuming positivity is neither present. Conversion: Read the integer by skipping leading zeros until a non-digit character is encountered or the end of the string is reached. If no digits were read, then the result is 0. Rounding: If the integer is out of the 32-bit signed integer range [-231, 231 - 1], then round the integer to remain in the range. Specifically, integers less than -231 should be rounded to -231, and integers greater than 231 - 1 should be rounded to 231 - 1. Return the integer as the final result.

Example 1:

Input: s = "42"

Output: 42

Explanation:

The underlined characters are what is read in and the caret is the current reader position. Step 1: "42" (no characters read because there is no leading whitespace) ^ Step 2: "42" (no characters read because there is neither a '-' nor '+') ^ Step 3: "42" ("42" is read in) ^ Example 2:

Input: s = " -042"

Output: -42

Explanation:

Step 1: " -042" (leading whitespace is read and ignored) ^ Step 2: " -042" ('-' is read, so the result should be negative) ^ Step 3: " -042" ("042" is read in, leading zeros ignored in the result)

Constraints:

0 <= s.length <= 200 s consists of English letters (lower-case and upper-case), digits (0-9), ' ', '+', '-', and '.'.

I would like to contribute to this repo under hacktoberfest, kindly assign me this issue

@v-280 assigned!

[Saloni6111]

merged!