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题目描述

一个整型数组 nums 里除两个数字之外,其他数字都出现了两次。请写程序找出这两个只出现一次的数字。要求时间复杂度是O(n),空间复杂度是O(1)。

 

示例 1:

输入:nums = [4,1,4,6]
输出:[1,6] 或 [6,1]

示例 2:

输入:nums = [1,2,10,4,1,4,3,3]
输出:[2,10] 或 [10,2]

 

限制:

  • 2 <= nums.length <= 10000

 

解法

异或运算求解。

首先明确,两个相同的数异或之后的结果为 0。对该数组所有元素进行异或运算,结果就是两个只出现一次的数字异或的结果,即 eor = a ^ b

找出这个结果 eor 中最后一个二进制位为 1 而其余位为 0 的数,即 eor & (~eor + 1),之后遍历数组所有元素,二进制位为 0 的元素异或到 a。

遍历结束后 b = eor ^ a,返回结果即可。

Python3

class Solution:
    def singleNumbers(self, nums: List[int]) -> List[int]:
        eor = 0
        for num in nums:
            eor ^= num
        # 找出最右边的 1
        diff = eor & (~eor + 1)
        a = 0
        for num in nums:
            if (num & diff) == 0:
                a ^= num
        b = eor ^ a
        return [a, b]

Java

class Solution {
    public int[] singleNumbers(int[] nums) {
        int eor = 0;
        for (int num : nums) {
            eor ^= num;
        }
        // # 找出最右边的 1
        int diff = eor & (~eor + 1);
        int a = 0;
        for (int num : nums) {
            if ((num & diff) == 0) {
                a ^= num;
            }
        }
        int b = eor ^ a;
        return new int[] {a, b};
    }
}

JavaScript

/**
 * @param {number[]} nums
 * @return {number[]}
 */
var singleNumbers = function (nums) {
    let eor = 0;
    for (let num of nums) {
        eor ^= num;
    }
    const diff = eor & (~eor + 1);
    let a = 0;
    for (let num of nums) {
        if ((num & diff) == 0) {
            a ^= num;
        }
    }
    let b = eor ^ a;
    return [a, b];
};

C#

public class Solution {
    public int[] SingleNumbers(int[] nums) {
        int eor = 0;
        foreach(var num in nums) {
            eor ^= num;
        }
        int diff = eor & (~eor + 1);
        int a = 0;
        foreach(var num in nums) {
            if ((num & diff) == 0) {
                a ^= num;
            }
        }
        int b = eor ^ a;

        return new int[]{a, b};
    }
}

...