YAHOO_FINANCE.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "![This is an image](Quant-Trading.jpg)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "<font size=\"3\">\n",
    "Please visit our website <a href=\"https://www.quant-trading.co\" target=\"_blank\">quant-trading.co</a> for more tools on quantitative finance and data science.\n",
    "</font>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# !pip install yfinance"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# **YAHOO FINANCE API**\n",
    "\n",
    "## **¿What can you download using this API?**\n",
    "\n",
    "<font size=\"3\"> The yahoo finance API is one of the oldest we have. The Yahoo Finance API is free to use for personal projects. There are a few python libraries you can use to download the data. Here we are using the <a href=\"https://pypi.org/project/yfinance/\" target=\"_blank\">yfinance</a> library. From the yahoo finance API you can not only download historical price date, but also information such as dividends, splits, news, etc. \n",
    "<br><br>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import warnings\n",
    "warnings.filterwarnings('ignore')\n",
    "\n",
    "import yfinance as yf  #Yahoo Finance\n",
    "import datetime"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#ASSET\n",
    "ticker = 'AAPL'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## **Get an specific ticker**\n",
    "\n",
    "<font size=\"3\"> Stocks have an specific identification code. For example AAPLE stock's identifier is AAPL. This codes are called tickers. In the Yahoo Finance API there are tickers for stocks, but also for exchange rates, interest rates or ETFs. You can easily find them searching on the web.\n",
    "<br><br>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "yfinance.Ticker object <AAPL>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "my_ticker = yf.Ticker(ticker)\n",
    "my_ticker"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## **Dividends**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Date\n",
       "1987-05-11    0.000536\n",
       "1987-08-10    0.000536\n",
       "1987-11-17    0.000714\n",
       "1988-02-12    0.000714\n",
       "1988-05-16    0.000714\n",
       "                ...   \n",
       "2022-11-04    0.230000\n",
       "2023-02-10    0.230000\n",
       "2023-05-12    0.240000\n",
       "2023-08-11    0.240000\n",
       "2023-11-10    0.240000\n",
       "Name: Dividends, Length: 81, dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "my_ticker.dividends"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## **Splits**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Date\n",
       "1987-06-16    2.0\n",
       "2000-06-21    2.0\n",
       "2005-02-28    2.0\n",
       "2014-06-09    7.0\n",
       "2020-08-31    4.0\n",
       "Name: Stock Splits, dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 6,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "my_ticker.splits"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## **Institutional holders**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Holder</th>\n",
       "      <th>Shares</th>\n",
       "      <th>Date Reported</th>\n",
       "      <th>% Out</th>\n",
       "      <th>Value</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>Vanguard Group Inc</td>\n",
       "      <td>1299997133</td>\n",
       "      <td>2023-09-29</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0841</td>\n",
       "      <td>237353478923</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>Blackrock Inc.</td>\n",
       "      <td>1031407553</td>\n",
       "      <td>2023-09-29</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0667</td>\n",
       "      <td>188314392915</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>Berkshire Hathaway, Inc</td>\n",
       "      <td>915560382</td>\n",
       "      <td>2023-09-29</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0592</td>\n",
       "      <td>167163016222</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>State Street Corporation</td>\n",
       "      <td>569291690</td>\n",
       "      <td>2023-09-29</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0368</td>\n",
       "      <td>103941277802</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>FMR, LLC</td>\n",
       "      <td>298321726</td>\n",
       "      <td>2023-09-29</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0193</td>\n",
       "      <td>54467581279</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>Geode Capital Management, LLC</td>\n",
       "      <td>296103070</td>\n",
       "      <td>2023-09-29</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0192</td>\n",
       "      <td>54062499062</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>Price (T.Rowe) Associates Inc</td>\n",
       "      <td>216307878</td>\n",
       "      <td>2023-09-29</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0140</td>\n",
       "      <td>39493492761</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>Morgan Stanley</td>\n",
       "      <td>206732960</td>\n",
       "      <td>2023-09-29</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0134</td>\n",
       "      <td>37745304215</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>Northern Trust Corporation</td>\n",
       "      <td>168874976</td>\n",
       "      <td>2023-09-29</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0109</td>\n",
       "      <td>30833193427</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9</th>\n",
       "      <td>Norges Bank Investment Management</td>\n",
       "      <td>167374278</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-12-30</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0108</td>\n",
       "      <td>30559195983</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                              Holder      Shares Date Reported   % Out  \\\n",
       "0                 Vanguard Group Inc  1299997133    2023-09-29  0.0841   \n",
       "1                     Blackrock Inc.  1031407553    2023-09-29  0.0667   \n",
       "2            Berkshire Hathaway, Inc   915560382    2023-09-29  0.0592   \n",
       "3           State Street Corporation   569291690    2023-09-29  0.0368   \n",
       "4                           FMR, LLC   298321726    2023-09-29  0.0193   \n",
       "5      Geode Capital Management, LLC   296103070    2023-09-29  0.0192   \n",
       "6      Price (T.Rowe) Associates Inc   216307878    2023-09-29  0.0140   \n",
       "7                     Morgan Stanley   206732960    2023-09-29  0.0134   \n",
       "8         Northern Trust Corporation   168874976    2023-09-29  0.0109   \n",
       "9  Norges Bank Investment Management   167374278    2022-12-30  0.0108   \n",
       "\n",
       "          Value  \n",
       "0  237353478923  \n",
       "1  188314392915  \n",
       "2  167163016222  \n",
       "3  103941277802  \n",
       "4   54467581279  \n",
       "5   54062499062  \n",
       "6   39493492761  \n",
       "7   37745304215  \n",
       "8   30833193427  \n",
       "9   30559195983  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "my_ticker.institutional_holders"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## **News**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[{'uuid': '027242c5-d342-3554-87ea-60e4ef682ba2',\n",
       "  'title': 'Apple Loses Attempt to Delay U.S. Watch Ban',\n",
       "  'publisher': 'The Wall Street Journal',\n",
       "  'link': 'https://finance.yahoo.com/m/027242c5-d342-3554-87ea-60e4ef682ba2/apple-loses-attempt-to-delay.html',\n",
       "  'providerPublishTime': 1705523880,\n",
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       "  'relatedTickers': ['AAPL', 'MASI']},\n",
       " {'uuid': '165dfd0e-3b45-381c-a149-0d5e705e9ad3',\n",
       "  'title': 'Apple Must Stop Selling Watches With Blood Oxygen Feature',\n",
       "  'publisher': 'Bloomberg',\n",
       "  'link': 'https://finance.yahoo.com/news/apple-must-stop-selling-watches-195208942.html',\n",
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       "  'relatedTickers': ['AAPL', 'MASI']},\n",
       " {'uuid': 'b6809fa6-86ae-39db-90a4-b500902cc6c0',\n",
       "  'title': 'UPDATE 2-US court bars Apple Watch imports during appeal over ban',\n",
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       "  'link': 'https://finance.yahoo.com/news/1-us-court-bars-apple-201142417.html',\n",
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       "     'width': 140,\n",
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       "  'relatedTickers': ['AAPL', 'MASI']},\n",
       " {'uuid': '05798fba-9476-3fe0-bbec-ac053ff5c193',\n",
       "  'title': 'Court bars US Apple Watch imports during appeal over ban',\n",
       "  'publisher': 'Reuters',\n",
       "  'link': 'https://finance.yahoo.com/news/court-bars-us-apple-watch-193753412.html',\n",
       "  'providerPublishTime': 1705520273,\n",
       "  'type': 'STORY',\n",
       "  'relatedTickers': ['AAPL', 'MASI']},\n",
       " {'uuid': '42d9fb25-84a8-3490-b791-7b1bf3cd4078',\n",
       "  'title': 'Apple Changes Its App Store Policy. Critics Call the Moves ‘Outrageous.’',\n",
       "  'publisher': 'The Wall Street Journal',\n",
       "  'link': 'https://finance.yahoo.com/m/42d9fb25-84a8-3490-b791-7b1bf3cd4078/apple-changes-its-app-store.html',\n",
       "  'providerPublishTime': 1705519920,\n",
       "  'type': 'STORY',\n",
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       "  'relatedTickers': ['AAPL']},\n",
       " {'uuid': 'd13e6411-ed02-343a-80eb-fe3058e950e7',\n",
       "  'title': 'Apple tops Samsung in global smartphone shipments for first time in 2023',\n",
       "  'publisher': 'Fox Business',\n",
       "  'link': 'https://finance.yahoo.com/news/apple-tops-samsung-global-smartphone-184140298.html',\n",
       "  'providerPublishTime': 1705516900,\n",
       "  'type': 'STORY',\n",
       "  'thumbnail': {'resolutions': [{'url': 'https://s.yimg.com/uu/api/res/1.2/Ne_gY1IciEpDDg1o_Nhd.g--~B/aD03MjA7dz0xMjgwO2FwcGlkPXl0YWNoeW9u/https://media.zenfs.com/en/fox_business_text_367/cffedc527185bb64b64339f489d449f9',\n",
       "     'width': 1280,\n",
       "     'height': 720,\n",
       "     'tag': 'original'},\n",
       "    {'url': 'https://s.yimg.com/uu/api/res/1.2/X7ZRXJsa6kQedH20lH7RXw--~B/Zmk9ZmlsbDtoPTE0MDtweW9mZj0wO3c9MTQwO2FwcGlkPXl0YWNoeW9u/https://media.zenfs.com/en/fox_business_text_367/cffedc527185bb64b64339f489d449f9',\n",
       "     'width': 140,\n",
       "     'height': 140,\n",
       "     'tag': '140x140'}]},\n",
       "  'relatedTickers': ['AAPL']},\n",
       " {'uuid': 'f80e2450-0024-3faf-ae7c-d7bffe0bb134',\n",
       "  'title': 'Samsung’s Galaxy S24 lineup goes all in on AI',\n",
       "  'publisher': 'CNN Business',\n",
       "  'link': 'https://finance.yahoo.com/m/f80e2450-0024-3faf-ae7c-d7bffe0bb134/samsung%E2%80%99s-galaxy-s24-lineup.html',\n",
       "  'providerPublishTime': 1705516023,\n",
       "  'type': 'STORY',\n",
       "  'thumbnail': {'resolutions': [{'url': 'https://s.yimg.com/uu/api/res/1.2/MPq__5a1Iv_ZviLBzjKZ8g--~B/aD01NDA7dz05NjA7YXBwaWQ9eXRhY2h5b24-/https://media.zenfs.com/en/cnn_business_articles_218/7d4602b9fc5972519d42b9d53b9c7bec',\n",
       "     'width': 960,\n",
       "     'height': 540,\n",
       "     'tag': 'original'},\n",
       "    {'url': 'https://s.yimg.com/uu/api/res/1.2/OFoYQEgc9zwoEZz66qGwNw--~B/Zmk9ZmlsbDtoPTE0MDtweW9mZj0wO3c9MTQwO2FwcGlkPXl0YWNoeW9u/https://media.zenfs.com/en/cnn_business_articles_218/7d4602b9fc5972519d42b9d53b9c7bec',\n",
       "     'width': 140,\n",
       "     'height': 140,\n",
       "     'tag': '140x140'}]},\n",
       "  'relatedTickers': ['AAPL', 'SSNLF']}]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "my_ticker.news"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## **Historical price data - all history**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
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       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Open</th>\n",
       "      <th>High</th>\n",
       "      <th>Low</th>\n",
       "      <th>Close</th>\n",
       "      <th>Volume</th>\n",
       "      <th>Dividends</th>\n",
       "      <th>Stock Splits</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Date</th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
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       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1980-12-12</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.099319</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.099750</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.099319</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.099319</td>\n",
       "      <td>469033600</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1980-12-15</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.094569</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.094569</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.094137</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.094137</td>\n",
       "      <td>175884800</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1980-12-16</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.087659</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.087659</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.087228</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.087228</td>\n",
       "      <td>105728000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1980-12-17</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.089387</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.089818</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.089387</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.089387</td>\n",
       "      <td>86441600</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1980-12-18</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.091978</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.092410</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.091978</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.091978</td>\n",
       "      <td>73449600</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2024-01-09</th>\n",
       "      <td>183.919998</td>\n",
       "      <td>185.149994</td>\n",
       "      <td>182.729996</td>\n",
       "      <td>185.139999</td>\n",
       "      <td>42841800</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2024-01-10</th>\n",
       "      <td>184.350006</td>\n",
       "      <td>186.399994</td>\n",
       "      <td>183.919998</td>\n",
       "      <td>186.190002</td>\n",
       "      <td>46792900</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2024-01-11</th>\n",
       "      <td>186.539993</td>\n",
       "      <td>187.050003</td>\n",
       "      <td>183.619995</td>\n",
       "      <td>185.589996</td>\n",
       "      <td>49128400</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2024-01-12</th>\n",
       "      <td>186.059998</td>\n",
       "      <td>186.740005</td>\n",
       "      <td>185.190002</td>\n",
       "      <td>185.919998</td>\n",
       "      <td>40444700</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2024-01-16</th>\n",
       "      <td>182.160004</td>\n",
       "      <td>184.259995</td>\n",
       "      <td>180.929993</td>\n",
       "      <td>183.630005</td>\n",
       "      <td>65603000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>10863 rows × 7 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                  Open        High         Low       Close     Volume  \\\n",
       "Date                                                                    \n",
       "1980-12-12    0.099319    0.099750    0.099319    0.099319  469033600   \n",
       "1980-12-15    0.094569    0.094569    0.094137    0.094137  175884800   \n",
       "1980-12-16    0.087659    0.087659    0.087228    0.087228  105728000   \n",
       "1980-12-17    0.089387    0.089818    0.089387    0.089387   86441600   \n",
       "1980-12-18    0.091978    0.092410    0.091978    0.091978   73449600   \n",
       "...                ...         ...         ...         ...        ...   \n",
       "2024-01-09  183.919998  185.149994  182.729996  185.139999   42841800   \n",
       "2024-01-10  184.350006  186.399994  183.919998  186.190002   46792900   \n",
       "2024-01-11  186.539993  187.050003  183.619995  185.589996   49128400   \n",
       "2024-01-12  186.059998  186.740005  185.190002  185.919998   40444700   \n",
       "2024-01-16  182.160004  184.259995  180.929993  183.630005   65603000   \n",
       "\n",
       "            Dividends  Stock Splits  \n",
       "Date                                 \n",
       "1980-12-12        0.0           0.0  \n",
       "1980-12-15        0.0           0.0  \n",
       "1980-12-16        0.0           0.0  \n",
       "1980-12-17        0.0           0.0  \n",
       "1980-12-18        0.0           0.0  \n",
       "...               ...           ...  \n",
       "2024-01-09        0.0           0.0  \n",
       "2024-01-10        0.0           0.0  \n",
       "2024-01-11        0.0           0.0  \n",
       "2024-01-12        0.0           0.0  \n",
       "2024-01-16        0.0           0.0  \n",
       "\n",
       "[10863 rows x 7 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 9,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "prices_hist1 = my_ticker.history(period=\"max\")\n",
    "prices_hist1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## **Historical price data - specific dates**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "      <th>Low</th>\n",
       "      <th>Close</th>\n",
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       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2023-01-03</th>\n",
       "      <td>129.555841</td>\n",
       "      <td>130.172390</td>\n",
       "      <td>123.479803</td>\n",
       "      <td>124.374802</td>\n",
       "      <td>112117500</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2023-01-04</th>\n",
       "      <td>126.184691</td>\n",
       "      <td>127.944857</td>\n",
       "      <td>124.384755</td>\n",
       "      <td>125.657639</td>\n",
       "      <td>89113600</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2023-01-05</th>\n",
       "      <td>126.423353</td>\n",
       "      <td>127.059795</td>\n",
       "      <td>124.066532</td>\n",
       "      <td>124.325081</td>\n",
       "      <td>80962700</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2023-01-06</th>\n",
       "      <td>125.309594</td>\n",
       "      <td>129.565795</td>\n",
       "      <td>124.195816</td>\n",
       "      <td>128.899521</td>\n",
       "      <td>87754700</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2023-01-09</th>\n",
       "      <td>129.744803</td>\n",
       "      <td>132.668464</td>\n",
       "      <td>129.168025</td>\n",
       "      <td>129.426575</td>\n",
       "      <td>70790800</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
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       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2023-12-22</th>\n",
       "      <td>195.179993</td>\n",
       "      <td>195.410004</td>\n",
       "      <td>192.970001</td>\n",
       "      <td>193.600006</td>\n",
       "      <td>37122800</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2023-12-26</th>\n",
       "      <td>193.610001</td>\n",
       "      <td>193.889999</td>\n",
       "      <td>192.830002</td>\n",
       "      <td>193.050003</td>\n",
       "      <td>28919300</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2023-12-27</th>\n",
       "      <td>192.490005</td>\n",
       "      <td>193.500000</td>\n",
       "      <td>191.089996</td>\n",
       "      <td>193.149994</td>\n",
       "      <td>48087700</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2023-12-28</th>\n",
       "      <td>194.139999</td>\n",
       "      <td>194.660004</td>\n",
       "      <td>193.169998</td>\n",
       "      <td>193.580002</td>\n",
       "      <td>34049900</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2023-12-29</th>\n",
       "      <td>193.899994</td>\n",
       "      <td>194.399994</td>\n",
       "      <td>191.729996</td>\n",
       "      <td>192.529999</td>\n",
       "      <td>42628800</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>250 rows × 7 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                  Open        High         Low       Close     Volume  \\\n",
       "Date                                                                    \n",
       "2023-01-03  129.555841  130.172390  123.479803  124.374802  112117500   \n",
       "2023-01-04  126.184691  127.944857  124.384755  125.657639   89113600   \n",
       "2023-01-05  126.423353  127.059795  124.066532  124.325081   80962700   \n",
       "2023-01-06  125.309594  129.565795  124.195816  128.899521   87754700   \n",
       "2023-01-09  129.744803  132.668464  129.168025  129.426575   70790800   \n",
       "...                ...         ...         ...         ...        ...   \n",
       "2023-12-22  195.179993  195.410004  192.970001  193.600006   37122800   \n",
       "2023-12-26  193.610001  193.889999  192.830002  193.050003   28919300   \n",
       "2023-12-27  192.490005  193.500000  191.089996  193.149994   48087700   \n",
       "2023-12-28  194.139999  194.660004  193.169998  193.580002   34049900   \n",
       "2023-12-29  193.899994  194.399994  191.729996  192.529999   42628800   \n",
       "\n",
       "            Dividends  Stock Splits  \n",
       "Date                                 \n",
       "2023-01-03        0.0             0  \n",
       "2023-01-04        0.0             0  \n",
       "2023-01-05        0.0             0  \n",
       "2023-01-06        0.0             0  \n",
       "2023-01-09        0.0             0  \n",
       "...               ...           ...  \n",
       "2023-12-22        0.0             0  \n",
       "2023-12-26        0.0             0  \n",
       "2023-12-27        0.0             0  \n",
       "2023-12-28        0.0             0  \n",
       "2023-12-29        0.0             0  \n",
       "\n",
       "[250 rows x 7 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#DATES\n",
    "start_date = datetime.datetime(2022, 12, 31)\n",
    "end_date = datetime.datetime(2023, 12, 31)\n",
    "\n",
    "prices_hist2 = my_ticker.history(start=start_date,end=end_date)\n",
    "prices_hist2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## **Historical price data - fixed time period back in time**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
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       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Open</th>\n",
       "      <th>High</th>\n",
       "      <th>Low</th>\n",
       "      <th>Close</th>\n",
       "      <th>Volume</th>\n",
       "      <th>Dividends</th>\n",
       "      <th>Stock Splits</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Date</th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
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       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
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       "      <th></th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2022-01-18</th>\n",
       "      <td>169.572510</td>\n",
       "      <td>170.590874</td>\n",
       "      <td>167.496242</td>\n",
       "      <td>167.881836</td>\n",
       "      <td>90956700</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2022-01-19</th>\n",
       "      <td>168.079574</td>\n",
       "      <td>169.147375</td>\n",
       "      <td>164.065440</td>\n",
       "      <td>164.352158</td>\n",
       "      <td>94815000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2022-01-20</th>\n",
       "      <td>165.093679</td>\n",
       "      <td>167.763175</td>\n",
       "      <td>162.325307</td>\n",
       "      <td>162.651581</td>\n",
       "      <td>91420500</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2022-01-21</th>\n",
       "      <td>162.562606</td>\n",
       "      <td>164.451033</td>\n",
       "      <td>160.466559</td>\n",
       "      <td>160.575317</td>\n",
       "      <td>122848900</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2022-01-24</th>\n",
       "      <td>158.212304</td>\n",
       "      <td>160.466546</td>\n",
       "      <td>152.952395</td>\n",
       "      <td>159.794220</td>\n",
       "      <td>162294600</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
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       "      <td>...</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2024-01-10</th>\n",
       "      <td>184.350006</td>\n",
       "      <td>186.399994</td>\n",
       "      <td>183.919998</td>\n",
       "      <td>186.190002</td>\n",
       "      <td>46792900</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2024-01-11</th>\n",
       "      <td>186.539993</td>\n",
       "      <td>187.050003</td>\n",
       "      <td>183.619995</td>\n",
       "      <td>185.589996</td>\n",
       "      <td>49128400</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2024-01-12</th>\n",
       "      <td>186.059998</td>\n",
       "      <td>186.740005</td>\n",
       "      <td>185.190002</td>\n",
       "      <td>185.919998</td>\n",
       "      <td>40444700</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2024-01-16</th>\n",
       "      <td>182.160004</td>\n",
       "      <td>184.259995</td>\n",
       "      <td>180.929993</td>\n",
       "      <td>183.630005</td>\n",
       "      <td>65603000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2024-01-17</th>\n",
       "      <td>181.270004</td>\n",
       "      <td>182.680099</td>\n",
       "      <td>180.300003</td>\n",
       "      <td>182.595001</td>\n",
       "      <td>37945856</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>502 rows × 7 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                  Open        High         Low       Close     Volume  \\\n",
       "Date                                                                    \n",
       "2022-01-18  169.572510  170.590874  167.496242  167.881836   90956700   \n",
       "2022-01-19  168.079574  169.147375  164.065440  164.352158   94815000   \n",
       "2022-01-20  165.093679  167.763175  162.325307  162.651581   91420500   \n",
       "2022-01-21  162.562606  164.451033  160.466559  160.575317  122848900   \n",
       "2022-01-24  158.212304  160.466546  152.952395  159.794220  162294600   \n",
       "...                ...         ...         ...         ...        ...   \n",
       "2024-01-10  184.350006  186.399994  183.919998  186.190002   46792900   \n",
       "2024-01-11  186.539993  187.050003  183.619995  185.589996   49128400   \n",
       "2024-01-12  186.059998  186.740005  185.190002  185.919998   40444700   \n",
       "2024-01-16  182.160004  184.259995  180.929993  183.630005   65603000   \n",
       "2024-01-17  181.270004  182.680099  180.300003  182.595001   37945856   \n",
       "\n",
       "            Dividends  Stock Splits  \n",
       "Date                                 \n",
       "2022-01-18        0.0             0  \n",
       "2022-01-19        0.0             0  \n",
       "2022-01-20        0.0             0  \n",
       "2022-01-21        0.0             0  \n",
       "2022-01-24        0.0             0  \n",
       "...               ...           ...  \n",
       "2024-01-10        0.0             0  \n",
       "2024-01-11        0.0             0  \n",
       "2024-01-12        0.0             0  \n",
       "2024-01-16        0.0             0  \n",
       "2024-01-17        0.0             0  \n",
       "\n",
       "[502 rows x 7 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "prices_hist3 = my_ticker.history(period='2y') #period is how long in the past to go\n",
    "prices_hist3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## **Historical price data - multiple tickers**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[*********************100%***********************]  7 of 7 completed\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>AAPL</th>\n",
       "      <th>AMZN</th>\n",
       "      <th>GOOG</th>\n",
       "      <th>META</th>\n",
       "      <th>MSFT</th>\n",
       "      <th>NVDA</th>\n",
       "      <th>TSLA</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Date</th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2023-01-17</th>\n",
       "      <td>135.184402</td>\n",
       "      <td>96.050003</td>\n",
       "      <td>92.160004</td>\n",
       "      <td>135.360001</td>\n",
       "      <td>238.237579</td>\n",
       "      <td>176.941513</td>\n",
       "      <td>131.490005</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2023-01-18</th>\n",
       "      <td>134.458450</td>\n",
       "      <td>95.459999</td>\n",
       "      <td>91.779999</td>\n",
       "      <td>133.020004</td>\n",
       "      <td>233.737457</td>\n",
       "      <td>173.692947</td>\n",
       "      <td>128.779999</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2023-01-19</th>\n",
       "      <td>134.518112</td>\n",
       "      <td>93.680000</td>\n",
       "      <td>93.910004</td>\n",
       "      <td>136.149994</td>\n",
       "      <td>229.891571</td>\n",
       "      <td>167.575638</td>\n",
       "      <td>127.169998</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2023-01-20</th>\n",
       "      <td>137.103653</td>\n",
       "      <td>97.250000</td>\n",
       "      <td>99.279999</td>\n",
       "      <td>139.369995</td>\n",
       "      <td>238.108719</td>\n",
       "      <td>178.310867</td>\n",
       "      <td>133.419998</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2023-01-23</th>\n",
       "      <td>140.325668</td>\n",
       "      <td>97.519997</td>\n",
       "      <td>101.209999</td>\n",
       "      <td>143.270004</td>\n",
       "      <td>240.447983</td>\n",
       "      <td>191.844864</td>\n",
       "      <td>143.750000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2024-01-10</th>\n",
       "      <td>186.190002</td>\n",
       "      <td>153.729996</td>\n",
       "      <td>143.800003</td>\n",
       "      <td>370.470001</td>\n",
       "      <td>382.769989</td>\n",
       "      <td>543.500000</td>\n",
       "      <td>233.940002</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2024-01-11</th>\n",
       "      <td>185.589996</td>\n",
       "      <td>155.179993</td>\n",
       "      <td>143.669998</td>\n",
       "      <td>369.670013</td>\n",
       "      <td>384.630005</td>\n",
       "      <td>548.219971</td>\n",
       "      <td>227.220001</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2024-01-12</th>\n",
       "      <td>185.919998</td>\n",
       "      <td>154.619995</td>\n",
       "      <td>144.240005</td>\n",
       "      <td>374.489990</td>\n",
       "      <td>388.470001</td>\n",
       "      <td>547.099976</td>\n",
       "      <td>218.889999</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2024-01-16</th>\n",
       "      <td>183.630005</td>\n",
       "      <td>153.160004</td>\n",
       "      <td>144.080002</td>\n",
       "      <td>367.459991</td>\n",
       "      <td>390.269989</td>\n",
       "      <td>563.820007</td>\n",
       "      <td>219.910004</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2024-01-17</th>\n",
       "      <td>182.595001</td>\n",
       "      <td>151.529999</td>\n",
       "      <td>142.815002</td>\n",
       "      <td>367.059998</td>\n",
       "      <td>389.079987</td>\n",
       "      <td>559.619995</td>\n",
       "      <td>214.985001</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>252 rows × 7 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                  AAPL        AMZN        GOOG        META        MSFT  \\\n",
       "Date                                                                     \n",
       "2023-01-17  135.184402   96.050003   92.160004  135.360001  238.237579   \n",
       "2023-01-18  134.458450   95.459999   91.779999  133.020004  233.737457   \n",
       "2023-01-19  134.518112   93.680000   93.910004  136.149994  229.891571   \n",
       "2023-01-20  137.103653   97.250000   99.279999  139.369995  238.108719   \n",
       "2023-01-23  140.325668   97.519997  101.209999  143.270004  240.447983   \n",
       "...                ...         ...         ...         ...         ...   \n",
       "2024-01-10  186.190002  153.729996  143.800003  370.470001  382.769989   \n",
       "2024-01-11  185.589996  155.179993  143.669998  369.670013  384.630005   \n",
       "2024-01-12  185.919998  154.619995  144.240005  374.489990  388.470001   \n",
       "2024-01-16  183.630005  153.160004  144.080002  367.459991  390.269989   \n",
       "2024-01-17  182.595001  151.529999  142.815002  367.059998  389.079987   \n",
       "\n",
       "                  NVDA        TSLA  \n",
       "Date                                \n",
       "2023-01-17  176.941513  131.490005  \n",
       "2023-01-18  173.692947  128.779999  \n",
       "2023-01-19  167.575638  127.169998  \n",
       "2023-01-20  178.310867  133.419998  \n",
       "2023-01-23  191.844864  143.750000  \n",
       "...                ...         ...  \n",
       "2024-01-10  543.500000  233.940002  \n",
       "2024-01-11  548.219971  227.220001  \n",
       "2024-01-12  547.099976  218.889999  \n",
       "2024-01-16  563.820007  219.910004  \n",
       "2024-01-17  559.619995  214.985001  \n",
       "\n",
       "[252 rows x 7 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "tickers_list = ['AAPL', 'GOOG', 'AMZN', 'TSLA', 'NVDA', 'MSFT','META']\n",
    "\n",
    "multiple_prices = yf.download(tickers_list,period='1y')['Adj Close']\n",
    "multiple_prices"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## **Options expirations**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "('2024-01-19',\n",
       " '2024-01-26',\n",
       " '2024-02-02',\n",
       " '2024-02-09',\n",
       " '2024-02-16',\n",
       " '2024-02-23',\n",
       " '2024-03-01',\n",
       " '2024-03-15',\n",
       " '2024-04-19',\n",
       " '2024-05-17',\n",
       " '2024-06-21',\n",
       " '2024-07-19',\n",
       " '2024-08-16',\n",
       " '2024-09-20',\n",
       " '2024-12-20',\n",
       " '2025-01-17',\n",
       " '2025-06-20',\n",
       " '2025-09-19',\n",
       " '2025-12-19',\n",
       " '2026-01-16',\n",
       " '2026-06-18')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "exp_dates = my_ticker.options\n",
    "exp_dates"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## **Options chain for one maturity**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Options(calls=         contractSymbol             lastTradeDate  strike  lastPrice     bid  \\\n",
       "0   AAPL240920C00005000 2024-01-12 15:01:10+00:00     5.0     180.81  176.75   \n",
       "1   AAPL240920C00010000 2024-01-10 18:18:58+00:00    10.0     174.40  171.80   \n",
       "2   AAPL240920C00015000 2024-01-10 18:17:14+00:00    15.0     169.42  165.70   \n",
       "3   AAPL240920C00020000 2024-01-10 18:16:21+00:00    20.0     164.53  160.85   \n",
       "4   AAPL240920C00025000 2024-01-10 18:15:21+00:00    25.0     159.58  156.00   \n",
       "5   AAPL240920C00030000 2024-01-10 17:56:31+00:00    30.0     154.64  152.05   \n",
       "6   AAPL240920C00035000 2024-01-10 18:07:10+00:00    35.0     150.07  147.35   \n",
       "7   AAPL240920C00040000 2024-01-12 15:01:10+00:00    40.0     146.50  142.60   \n",
       "8   AAPL240920C00045000 2024-01-10 18:18:58+00:00    45.0     140.24  137.75   \n",
       "9   AAPL240920C00050000 2024-01-17 18:03:43+00:00    50.0     133.55  132.90   \n",
       "10  AAPL240920C00055000 2024-01-03 19:45:02+00:00    55.0     131.21  128.10   \n",
       "11  AAPL240920C00060000 2024-01-03 19:43:34+00:00    60.0     126.42  123.25   \n",
       "12  AAPL240920C00065000 2024-01-05 18:46:26+00:00    65.0     118.85  118.10   \n",
       "13  AAPL240920C00070000 2023-12-14 15:41:31+00:00    70.0     131.20  116.50   \n",
       "14  AAPL240920C00075000 2024-01-10 19:13:09+00:00    75.0     112.20  108.95   \n",
       "15  AAPL240920C00080000 2024-01-05 19:16:02+00:00    80.0     103.49  104.20   \n",
       "16  AAPL240920C00085000 2023-11-09 19:06:04+00:00    85.0     101.00  112.95   \n",
       "17  AAPL240920C00090000 2024-01-11 18:50:20+00:00    90.0      97.15   94.20   \n",
       "18  AAPL240920C00095000 2023-12-13 14:31:58+00:00    95.0     104.00   92.60   \n",
       "19  AAPL240920C00100000 2024-01-16 17:00:17+00:00   100.0      85.97   85.05   \n",
       "20  AAPL240920C00105000 2024-01-08 17:27:50+00:00   105.0      82.50   80.40   \n",
       "21  AAPL240920C00110000 2024-01-11 20:36:56+00:00   110.0      79.06   75.75   \n",
       "22  AAPL240920C00115000 2024-01-05 14:32:15+00:00   115.0      71.50   71.05   \n",
       "23  AAPL240920C00120000 2024-01-08 18:01:46+00:00   120.0      68.69   66.45   \n",
       "24  AAPL240920C00125000 2024-01-08 18:02:11+00:00   125.0      63.99   61.75   \n",
       "25  AAPL240920C00130000 2024-01-16 20:28:51+00:00   130.0      58.28   57.20   \n",
       "26  AAPL240920C00135000 2024-01-17 16:26:21+00:00   135.0      52.50   52.80   \n",
       "27  AAPL240920C00140000 2024-01-12 16:36:12+00:00   140.0      51.72   48.40   \n",
       "28  AAPL240920C00145000 2024-01-17 19:42:43+00:00   145.0      44.03   44.10   \n",
       "29  AAPL240920C00150000 2024-01-17 17:33:01+00:00   150.0      39.85   39.85   \n",
       "30  AAPL240920C00155000 2024-01-16 16:28:45+00:00   155.0      37.16   35.75   \n",
       "31  AAPL240920C00160000 2024-01-17 16:35:56+00:00   160.0      31.45   31.80   \n",
       "32  AAPL240920C00165000 2024-01-17 15:30:16+00:00   165.0      27.55   28.05   \n",
       "33  AAPL240920C00170000 2024-01-16 18:19:12+00:00   170.0      23.65   24.35   \n",
       "34  AAPL240920C00175000 2024-01-17 15:00:47+00:00   175.0      20.64   21.00   \n",
       "35  AAPL240920C00180000 2024-01-17 20:23:50+00:00   180.0      17.74   17.75   \n",
       "36  AAPL240920C00185000 2024-01-17 20:16:46+00:00   185.0      14.89   14.90   \n",
       "37  AAPL240920C00190000 2024-01-17 20:30:42+00:00   190.0      12.25   12.25   \n",
       "38  AAPL240920C00195000 2024-01-17 20:22:58+00:00   195.0      10.00    9.90   \n",
       "39  AAPL240920C00200000 2024-01-17 19:38:08+00:00   200.0       7.90    7.90   \n",
       "40  AAPL240920C00205000 2024-01-17 20:34:12+00:00   205.0       6.20    6.15   \n",
       "41  AAPL240920C00210000 2024-01-17 20:34:12+00:00   210.0       4.80    4.75   \n",
       "42  AAPL240920C00215000 2024-01-17 19:31:53+00:00   215.0       3.72    3.55   \n",
       "43  AAPL240920C00220000 2024-01-17 18:32:16+00:00   220.0       2.61    2.71   \n",
       "44  AAPL240920C00225000 2024-01-17 16:38:59+00:00   225.0       1.95    2.01   \n",
       "45  AAPL240920C00230000 2024-01-17 18:51:11+00:00   230.0       1.48    1.49   \n",
       "46  AAPL240920C00235000 2024-01-17 17:58:09+00:00   235.0       1.11    1.10   \n",
       "47  AAPL240920C00240000 2024-01-17 14:30:00+00:00   240.0       0.84    0.82   \n",
       "48  AAPL240920C00245000 2024-01-17 15:06:16+00:00   245.0       0.62    0.61   \n",
       "49  AAPL240920C00250000 2024-01-17 15:30:18+00:00   250.0       0.48    0.46   \n",
       "50  AAPL240920C00255000 2024-01-17 16:51:27+00:00   255.0       0.36    0.34   \n",
       "51  AAPL240920C00260000 2024-01-17 17:25:07+00:00   260.0       0.28    0.26   \n",
       "52  AAPL240920C00265000 2024-01-16 16:14:05+00:00   265.0       0.24    0.20   \n",
       "53  AAPL240920C00270000 2024-01-16 15:11:31+00:00   270.0       0.20    0.15   \n",
       "54  AAPL240920C00280000 2024-01-16 20:29:37+00:00   280.0       0.11    0.10   \n",
       "55  AAPL240920C00290000 2024-01-17 14:48:55+00:00   290.0       0.08    0.07   \n",
       "56  AAPL240920C00300000 2024-01-12 17:18:37+00:00   300.0       0.09    0.05   \n",
       "57  AAPL240920C00310000 2024-01-17 15:52:07+00:00   310.0       0.05    0.04   \n",
       "\n",
       "       ask    change  percentChange  volume  openInterest  impliedVolatility  \\\n",
       "0   177.95  0.000000       0.000000    12.0           128           2.117192   \n",
       "1   173.00  0.000000       0.000000   358.0           187           1.689455   \n",
       "2   168.85  0.000000       0.000000     NaN           179           1.792970   \n",
       "3   163.95  0.000000       0.000000     NaN             2           1.591799   \n",
       "4   159.10  0.000000       0.000000     NaN             2           1.453616   \n",
       "5   153.60  0.000000       0.000000   126.0            75           0.920899   \n",
       "6   148.45  0.000000       0.000000   692.0           347           0.886720   \n",
       "7   143.65  0.000000       0.000000     NaN            62           0.901368   \n",
       "8   138.75  0.000000       0.000000     NaN            11           0.865724   \n",
       "9   133.95 -0.270004      -0.201767    13.0          2247           0.839845   \n",
       "10  129.30  0.000000       0.000000     1.0           670           0.826662   \n",
       "11  124.65  0.000000       0.000000     1.0           792           0.803713   \n",
       "12  119.45  0.000000       0.000000     5.0           239           0.728762   \n",
       "13  118.95  0.000000       0.000000     1.0           229           0.984253   \n",
       "14  110.00  0.000000       0.000000     1.0            49           0.705325   \n",
       "15  105.05  0.000000       0.000000     2.0           176           0.672000   \n",
       "16  114.65  0.000000       0.000000    76.0            84           1.261478   \n",
       "17   95.45  0.000000       0.000000     1.0           110           0.601811   \n",
       "18   94.30  0.000000       0.000000     2.0            80           0.745120   \n",
       "19   85.85  0.000000       0.000000    12.0          2024           0.560917   \n",
       "20   81.25  0.000000       0.000000     1.0           831           0.542119   \n",
       "21   76.45  0.000000       0.000000     2.0           317           0.517827   \n",
       "22   71.75  0.000000       0.000000     5.0           414           0.508367   \n",
       "23   67.00  0.000000       0.000000     2.0           456           0.481695   \n",
       "24   62.45  0.000000       0.000000     6.0           410           0.461980   \n",
       "25   57.95  0.000000       0.000000     7.0           394           0.442877   \n",
       "26   53.25 -2.250000      -4.109589     4.0           400           0.416937   \n",
       "27   48.70  0.000000       0.000000     1.0          1979           0.394965   \n",
       "28   44.40 -1.900001      -4.136733   120.0          1206           0.378424   \n",
       "29   40.15 -0.250000      -0.623441     3.0          2550           0.361457   \n",
       "30   35.95  0.000000       0.000000     2.0          1921           0.343879   \n",
       "31   31.95 -0.730000      -2.268488     7.0           977           0.328620   \n",
       "32   28.20 -1.390001      -4.803045     5.0          1018           0.315955   \n",
       "33   24.60 -1.120001      -4.521602     1.0          5242           0.303321   \n",
       "34   21.20  0.119999       0.584790    19.0          8274           0.291267   \n",
       "35   17.90 -0.139999      -0.782994    41.0         11023           0.277717   \n",
       "36   15.05 -0.559999      -3.624592   926.0         12380           0.268257   \n",
       "37   12.40 -0.320000      -2.545742    60.0         13870           0.258217   \n",
       "38   10.05 -0.090000      -0.891974   135.0         10177           0.249061   \n",
       "39    8.05 -0.450000      -5.389225   179.0         15957           0.241524   \n",
       "40    6.30 -0.170000      -2.668761    57.0          7349           0.233894   \n",
       "41    4.85 -0.450000      -8.571425    99.0         14350           0.227242   \n",
       "42    3.65 -0.070000      -1.846964     8.0          4586           0.220894   \n",
       "43    2.77 -0.260000      -9.059234    72.0         22362           0.217171   \n",
       "44    2.05 -0.100000      -4.878044     1.0         17343           0.213082   \n",
       "45    1.53 -0.050000      -3.267971    14.0         14050           0.210762   \n",
       "46    1.16 -0.140000     -11.199999     1.0          1959           0.209969   \n",
       "47    0.86 -0.010000      -1.176476    15.0          2619           0.208626   \n",
       "48    0.64 -0.020000      -3.124997     4.0           805           0.207894   \n",
       "49    0.49 -0.010000      -2.040820    16.0          3723           0.208504   \n",
       "50    0.38  0.000000       0.000000     1.0          2738           0.209603   \n",
       "51    0.30 -0.040000     -12.499998     5.0          2318           0.211434   \n",
       "52    0.24  0.000000       0.000000     2.0           622           0.213387   \n",
       "53    0.20  0.000000       0.000000     8.0           528           0.216561   \n",
       "54    0.15 -0.020000     -15.384613     1.0          1016           0.224617   \n",
       "55    0.12 -0.010000     -11.111116     5.0           654           0.233406   \n",
       "56    0.10  0.000000       0.000000    50.0          1238           0.242683   \n",
       "57    0.07  0.000000       0.000000   350.0          5920           0.246590   \n",
       "\n",
       "    inTheMoney contractSize currency  \n",
       "0         True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "1         True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "2         True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "3         True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "4         True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "5         True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "6         True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "7         True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "8         True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "9         True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "10        True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "11        True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "12        True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "13        True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "14        True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "15        True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "16        True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "17        True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "18        True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "19        True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "20        True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "21        True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "22        True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "23        True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "24        True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "25        True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "26        True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "27        True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "28        True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "29        True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "30        True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "31        True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "32        True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "33        True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "34        True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "35        True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "36       False      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "37       False      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "38       False      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "39       False      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "40       False      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "41       False      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "42       False      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "43       False      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "44       False      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "45       False      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "46       False      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "47       False      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "48       False      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "49       False      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "50       False      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "51       False      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "52       False      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "53       False      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "54       False      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "55       False      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "56       False      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "57       False      REGULAR      USD  , puts=         contractSymbol             lastTradeDate  strike  lastPrice     bid  \\\n",
       "0   AAPL240920P00005000 2024-01-12 14:30:19+00:00     5.0       0.01     NaN   \n",
       "1   AAPL240920P00010000 2024-01-09 14:30:00+00:00    10.0       0.01     NaN   \n",
       "2   AAPL240920P00015000 2024-01-08 20:45:31+00:00    15.0       0.01    0.00   \n",
       "3   AAPL240920P00035000 2024-01-08 20:45:25+00:00    35.0       0.02    0.01   \n",
       "4   AAPL240920P00050000 2024-01-17 15:38:54+00:00    50.0       0.04    0.04   \n",
       "5   AAPL240920P00055000 2024-01-17 18:17:34+00:00    55.0       0.06    0.03   \n",
       "6   AAPL240920P00060000 2024-01-03 20:18:37+00:00    60.0       0.08    0.04   \n",
       "7   AAPL240920P00065000 2024-01-08 14:59:40+00:00    65.0       0.09    0.06   \n",
       "8   AAPL240920P00070000 2024-01-12 18:08:48+00:00    70.0       0.10    0.08   \n",
       "9   AAPL240920P00075000 2024-01-16 19:42:58+00:00    75.0       0.10    0.11   \n",
       "10  AAPL240920P00080000 2024-01-09 20:41:08+00:00    80.0       0.15    0.14   \n",
       "11  AAPL240920P00085000 2024-01-08 20:22:58+00:00    85.0       0.16    0.18   \n",
       "12  AAPL240920P00090000 2024-01-17 17:35:11+00:00    90.0       0.23    0.23   \n",
       "13  AAPL240920P00095000 2024-01-02 14:49:36+00:00    95.0       0.34    0.29   \n",
       "14  AAPL240920P00100000 2024-01-17 19:42:27+00:00   100.0       0.38    0.38   \n",
       "15  AAPL240920P00105000 2024-01-17 15:29:47+00:00   105.0       0.47    0.44   \n",
       "16  AAPL240920P00110000 2024-01-11 14:50:58+00:00   110.0       0.55    0.55   \n",
       "17  AAPL240920P00115000 2024-01-17 15:27:42+00:00   115.0       0.73    0.68   \n",
       "18  AAPL240920P00120000 2024-01-17 15:24:15+00:00   120.0       0.93    0.85   \n",
       "19  AAPL240920P00125000 2024-01-17 17:01:58+00:00   125.0       1.08    1.06   \n",
       "20  AAPL240920P00130000 2024-01-17 17:43:56+00:00   130.0       1.33    1.31   \n",
       "21  AAPL240920P00135000 2024-01-17 20:05:21+00:00   135.0       1.67    1.63   \n",
       "22  AAPL240920P00140000 2024-01-16 17:37:39+00:00   140.0       2.04    2.02   \n",
       "23  AAPL240920P00145000 2024-01-17 15:39:51+00:00   145.0       2.63    2.50   \n",
       "24  AAPL240920P00150000 2024-01-17 20:06:04+00:00   150.0       3.10    3.10   \n",
       "25  AAPL240920P00155000 2024-01-17 17:37:57+00:00   155.0       3.90    3.80   \n",
       "26  AAPL240920P00160000 2024-01-17 17:45:36+00:00   160.0       4.90    4.70   \n",
       "27  AAPL240920P00165000 2024-01-17 19:04:05+00:00   165.0       5.89    5.75   \n",
       "28  AAPL240920P00170000 2024-01-17 18:38:18+00:00   170.0       7.17    7.00   \n",
       "29  AAPL240920P00175000 2024-01-17 16:17:38+00:00   175.0       8.72    8.50   \n",
       "30  AAPL240920P00180000 2024-01-17 19:50:43+00:00   180.0      10.40   10.25   \n",
       "31  AAPL240920P00185000 2024-01-17 15:39:51+00:00   185.0      12.67   12.30   \n",
       "32  AAPL240920P00190000 2024-01-17 14:59:57+00:00   190.0      15.20   14.75   \n",
       "33  AAPL240920P00195000 2024-01-16 20:26:02+00:00   195.0      17.00   17.45   \n",
       "34  AAPL240920P00200000 2024-01-17 19:56:34+00:00   200.0      20.70   20.60   \n",
       "35  AAPL240920P00205000 2024-01-17 14:30:00+00:00   205.0      25.09   24.10   \n",
       "36  AAPL240920P00210000 2024-01-16 15:33:46+00:00   210.0      28.00   28.05   \n",
       "37  AAPL240920P00215000 2024-01-04 16:46:12+00:00   215.0      33.00   32.60   \n",
       "38  AAPL240920P00220000 2024-01-08 14:42:22+00:00   220.0      36.91   37.25   \n",
       "39  AAPL240920P00225000 2023-12-05 16:16:03+00:00   225.0      31.55   42.50   \n",
       "40  AAPL240920P00230000 2024-01-10 18:01:34+00:00   230.0      45.62   46.50   \n",
       "41  AAPL240920P00235000 2023-12-18 20:09:55+00:00   235.0      38.75   51.80   \n",
       "42  AAPL240920P00240000 2023-12-15 20:27:30+00:00   240.0      41.87   52.60   \n",
       "43  AAPL240920P00245000 2023-11-13 17:02:40+00:00   245.0      60.23   46.45   \n",
       "44  AAPL240920P00250000 2024-01-10 20:34:42+00:00   250.0      64.06   66.80   \n",
       "45  AAPL240920P00255000 2024-01-10 20:34:42+00:00   255.0      69.09   72.15   \n",
       "46  AAPL240920P00260000 2023-06-01 16:16:30+00:00   260.0      79.97   64.10   \n",
       "47  AAPL240920P00265000 2023-08-04 15:14:07+00:00   265.0      79.91   73.65   \n",
       "48  AAPL240920P00270000 2023-12-15 20:27:30+00:00   270.0      71.91   82.55   \n",
       "49  AAPL240920P00280000 2023-09-06 17:45:19+00:00   280.0      96.59  101.00   \n",
       "50  AAPL240920P00290000 2023-07-24 15:14:49+00:00   290.0      96.33  107.50   \n",
       "51  AAPL240920P00300000 2024-01-10 18:01:58+00:00   300.0     115.72  116.75   \n",
       "52  AAPL240920P00310000 2024-01-10 18:01:34+00:00   310.0     125.64  126.90   \n",
       "\n",
       "       ask    change  percentChange  volume  openInterest  impliedVolatility  \\\n",
       "0     0.02  0.000000       0.000000     NaN             1           1.531252   \n",
       "1     0.02  0.000000       0.000000     NaN             1           1.210941   \n",
       "2     0.02  0.000000       0.000000    42.0           777           0.968750   \n",
       "3     0.04  0.000000       0.000000    19.0           334           0.695316   \n",
       "4     0.05 -0.010000     -20.000004    14.0           935           0.578129   \n",
       "5     0.07  0.030000     100.000000     1.0            55           0.542973   \n",
       "6     0.09  0.000000       0.000000     4.0           190           0.519536   \n",
       "7     0.11  0.000000       0.000000     1.0           347           0.514653   \n",
       "8     0.13  0.000000       0.000000     4.0           712           0.489263   \n",
       "9     0.16  0.000000       0.000000     1.0           466           0.468267   \n",
       "10    0.19  0.000000       0.000000     1.0           859           0.446783   \n",
       "11    0.23  0.000000       0.000000     1.0           737           0.427740   \n",
       "12    0.27  0.000000       0.000000     2.0           292           0.407721   \n",
       "13    0.32  0.000000       0.000000     1.0           646           0.389166   \n",
       "14    0.39  0.010000       2.702700   111.0          1976           0.373053   \n",
       "15    0.48 -0.030000      -6.000000     1.0          1638           0.358405   \n",
       "16    0.58  0.000000       0.000000     4.0          2181           0.343512   \n",
       "17    0.72  0.050000       7.352943     2.0          6741           0.330573   \n",
       "18    0.89  0.060000       6.896552     4.0          3163           0.318000   \n",
       "19    1.10  0.030000       2.857152     3.0          1678           0.306037   \n",
       "20    1.35  0.070000       5.555560   562.0          5199           0.293952   \n",
       "21    1.67  0.040000       2.453985     2.0          4488           0.282905   \n",
       "22    2.06  0.000000       0.000000    15.0          6317           0.272102   \n",
       "23    2.55  0.100000       3.952575     2.0          8046           0.261970   \n",
       "24    3.15  0.090000       2.990030  3734.0          9219           0.252205   \n",
       "25    3.90  0.160000       4.278077     7.0          5544           0.243111   \n",
       "26    4.80  0.300000       6.521743   100.0          6873           0.233986   \n",
       "27    5.85  0.690000      13.269233   216.0          6920           0.224312   \n",
       "28    7.10  0.340000       4.978040   287.0         13266           0.214638   \n",
       "29    8.60  0.070001       0.809256    14.0         27865           0.205239   \n",
       "30   10.40  0.599999       6.122443    17.0         15910           0.196297   \n",
       "31   12.45  0.270000       2.177423   115.0          6041           0.186348   \n",
       "32   14.85  0.870000       6.071178    14.0          7460           0.176430   \n",
       "33   17.70  0.000000       0.000000     2.0          3792           0.167702   \n",
       "34   20.80 -1.000000      -4.608295     3.0          5607           0.156014   \n",
       "35   24.45  1.540001       6.539282     1.0          5966           0.146859   \n",
       "36   28.55  0.000000       0.000000    25.0          3960           0.139596   \n",
       "37   32.95  0.000000       0.000000     2.0           468           0.131967   \n",
       "38   38.95  0.000000       0.000000     1.0           345           0.184640   \n",
       "39   43.45  0.000000       0.000000     6.0             1           0.181771   \n",
       "40   48.90  0.000000       0.000000     2.0             0           0.212715   \n",
       "41   53.55  0.000000       0.000000     8.0             0           0.213143   \n",
       "42   55.70  0.000000       0.000000     2.0             0           0.000010   \n",
       "43   47.95  0.000000       0.000000     2.0             0           0.000010   \n",
       "44   68.60  0.000000       0.000000     2.0             2           0.252937   \n",
       "45   74.10  0.000000       0.000000     2.0             0           0.285652   \n",
       "46   68.00  0.000000       0.000000     NaN             0           0.000010   \n",
       "47   77.45  0.000000       0.000000     4.0             0           0.000010   \n",
       "48   85.65  0.000000       0.000000     2.0             0           0.000010   \n",
       "49  103.50  0.000000       0.000000     2.0             0           0.476934   \n",
       "50  110.30  0.000000       0.000000     NaN             0           0.408514   \n",
       "51  118.05  0.000000       0.000000     2.0             0           0.322028   \n",
       "52  128.40  0.000000       0.000000     2.0             0           0.362799   \n",
       "\n",
       "    inTheMoney contractSize currency  \n",
       "0        False      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "1        False      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "2        False      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "3        False      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "4        False      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "5        False      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "6        False      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "7        False      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "8        False      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "9        False      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "10       False      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "11       False      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "12       False      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "13       False      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "14       False      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "15       False      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "16       False      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "17       False      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "18       False      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "19       False      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "20       False      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "21       False      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "22       False      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "23       False      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "24       False      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "25       False      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "26       False      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "27       False      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "28       False      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "29       False      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "30       False      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "31        True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "32        True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "33        True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "34        True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "35        True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "36        True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "37        True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "38        True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "39        True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "40        True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "41        True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "42        True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "43        True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "44        True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "45        True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "46        True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "47        True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "48        True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "49        True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "50        True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "51        True      REGULAR      USD  \n",
       "52        True      REGULAR      USD  )"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 14,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "my_ticker.option_chain('2024-09-20')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## **Error checking**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[*********************100%***********************]  1 of 1 completed\n",
      "\n",
      "1 Failed download:\n",
      "- AAPLE: No data found, symbol may be delisted\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "try:\n",
    "    df = yf.download('AAPLE')\n",
    "except Exception as e:\n",
    "    print(f\"Error: {e}\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "If this content is helpful and you want to make a donation please click on the button\n",
    "\n",
    "[![paypal](https://www.paypalobjects.com/en_US/i/btn/btn_donateCC_LG.gif)](https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_s-xclick&hosted_button_id=29CVY97MEQ9BY)"
   ]
  }
 ],
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   "language": "python",
   "name": "python3"
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  "language_info": {
   "codemirror_mode": {
    "name": "ipython",
    "version": 3
   },
   "file_extension": ".py",
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