Rome, contemporary with Josephus; as also that it was so in the next
century, is attested by Irenaeus, with the addition of an hypothesis, how
-it came to last so long, with all its members entire.—Whether the account
+it came to last so long, with all its members entire. — Whether the account
that some modern travelers give be true, that it is still standing, I do
not know. Its remote situation, at the most southern point of the Sea of
Sodom, in the wild and dangerous deserts of Arabia, makes it exceeding
@@ -1815,7 +1815,7 @@ together. At which time he saw in his sleep such a vision standing by him:
- he seemed to see a ladder that reached from the earth unto heaven, and
persons descending upon the ladder that seemed more excellent than human;
and at last God himself stood above it, and was plainly visible to him,
-who, calling him by his name, spake to him in these words: —
+who, calling him by his name, spake to him in these words: —
"O Jacob, it is not fit for thee, who art the son of a good
father, and grandson of one who had obtained a great reputation for his
eminent virtue, to be dejected at thy present circumstances, but to hope
@@ -3525,7 +3525,7 @@ and when God had given them this counsel, to make use of Moses the Hebrew,
and take his assistance, the king commanded his daughter to produce him,
that he might be the general This history of Moses, as general of the Egyptians against the Ethiopians,
is wholly omitted in our Bibles; but is thus by Irenaeus, from Josephus,
-and that soon after his own age: — "Josephus says, that when Moses
+and that soon after his own age: — "Josephus says, that when Moses
was nourished in the palace, he was appointed general of the army against
the Ethiopians, and conquered them, when he married that king's daughter;
because, out of her affection for him, she delivered the city up to him."
@@ -3973,9 +3973,9 @@ into Egypt. Egypt, when it is clear even by that Masorete chronology elsewhere, as
well as from the express text itself, in the Samaritan, Septuagint, and
-Josephus, that they sojourned in Egypt but half that time,—and that by
+Josephus, that they sojourned in Egypt but half that time, — and that by
consequence, the other half of their peregrination was in the land of Canaan,
-before they came into Egypt,—is hard to say. See Essay on the Old Testament,
+before they came into Egypt, — is hard to say. See Essay on the Old Testament,
p. 62, 63.
It was the eightieth year of the age of Moses, and of that of Aaron three
more. They also carried out the bones of Joesph with them, as he had charged
@@ -4205,7 +4205,7 @@ quick passage." Appian, when he compares Caesar and Alexander together,
their boldness and fortune, as much as on their skill in war. As an instance
of which, Alexander journeyed over a country without water, in the heat
of summer, to the oracle of [Jupiter] Hammon, and quickly passed over the
-Bay of Pamphylia, when, by Divine Providence, the sea was cut off—thus
+Bay of Pamphylia, when, by Divine Providence, the sea was cut off — thus
Providence restraining the sea on his account, as it had sent him rain
when he traveled [over the desert]."
through itself, had no other way to go; I mean, when it was the will of
@@ -4288,7 +4288,7 @@ is perfectly agreeable to the character and usage of Josephus upon many
occasions. This note is, I confess, barely conjectural; and since Josephus
never tells us when his own copy, taken out of the temple, had such additions,
or when any ancient notes supplied them; or indeed when they are derived
-from Jewish, and when from Gentile antiquity, —we can go no further than
+from Jewish, and when from Gentile antiquity, — we can go no further than
bare conjectures in such cases; only the notions of Jews were generally
so different from those of Gentiles, that we may sometimes make no improbable
conjectures to which sort such additions belong. See also somewhat like
@@ -8287,7 +8287,7 @@ among their treasures. And thus did Jericho perish.
the name of this chief was not Achan, as in the common copies, but Achar,
as here in Josephus, and in the Apostolical Constit. B. VII. ch. 2., and
elsewhere, is evident by the allusion to that name in the curse of Joshua,
-"Why hast thou troubled us? — the Lord shall trouble thee;" where
+"Why hast thou troubled us? — the Lord shall trouble thee;" where
the Hebrew word alludes only to the name Achar, but not to Achan. Accordingly,
this Valley of Achar, or Achor, was and is a known place, a little north
of Gilgal, so called from the days of Joshua till this day. See Joshua
@@ -8297,7 +8297,7 @@ a royal garment woven entirely of gold, and a piece of gold that weighed
two hundred shekels; Here
Dr. Bernard very justly observes, that a few words are dropped out of Josephus's
copies, on account of the repetition of the word shekels, and that it ought
-to be read thus: — "A piece of gold that weighed fifty shekels, and
+to be read thus: — "A piece of gold that weighed fifty shekels, and
one of silver that weighed two hundred shekels," as in our other copies,
Joshua 7:21.
and thinking it a very hard case, that what spoils he, by running some
@@ -10572,7 +10572,7 @@ them for the present, which he did by force and violence, but by weakening
them by subtlety and cunning, that they might not be able afterward to
get clear of the slavery they were under to him; for he put out the right
eyes Take
-here Theodoret's note, cited by Dr. Hudson: — "He that exposes his
+here Theodoret's note, cited by Dr. Hudson: — "He that exposes his
shield to the enemy with his left hand, thereby hides his left eye, and
looks at the enemy with his right eye: he therefore that plucks out that
eye, makes men useless in war."
@@ -13673,7 +13673,7 @@ hundred shekels Of this weight of Absalom's hair,
well amount to two hundred shekels, or to somewhat above six pounds avoirdupois,
see the Literal Accomplishment of Prophecies, p. 77, 78. But a late very
judicious author thinks that the LXXX. meant not its weight, but its value,
-Was twenty shekels. — Dr. Wall's Critical Notes on the Old Testament, upon
+Was twenty shekels. — Dr. Wall's Critical Notes on the Old Testament, upon
2 Samuel 14:26. It does not appear what was Josephus's opinion: he sets
the text down honestly as he found it in his copies, only he thought that
"at the end of days," when Absalom polled or weighed his hair,
@@ -14442,7 +14442,7 @@ AND HOW THE DIVINE COMPASSION RESTRAINED THAT PUNISHMENT.
NOW king David was desirous to know how many ten thousands there
were of the people, but forgot the commands of Moses, The words of God by Moses, Exodus 30:12, sufficiently satisfy the reason
here given by Josephus for the great plague mentioned in this chapter:
-— "When thou takest the sum of the children of Israel after their
+— "When thou takest the sum of the children of Israel after their
number, then shall they give a ransom for his soul unto the Lord, when
thou numberest them; that there be no plague amongst them, when numberest
them." Nor indeed could David's or the neglect of executing this law
@@ -17792,7 +17792,7 @@ captain. But when this captain, who was a wise man, and of a mild disposition,
came to the place where Elijah happened to be, and spake civilly to him;
and said that he knew that it was without his own consent, and only in
submission to the king's command that he came to him; and that those that
-came before did not come willingly, but on the same account; — he therefore
+came before did not come willingly, but on the same account; — he therefore
desired him to have pity on those armed men that were with him, and that
he would come down and follow him to the king. So Elijah accepted of his
discreet words and courteous behavior, and came down and followed him.
@@ -18017,7 +18017,7 @@ and as king Joram asked the prophet if he would give him leave to shoot
at them, Elisha forbade him so to do; and said, that "it is just to
kill those that are taken in battle, but that these men had done the country
no harm, but, without knowing it, were come thither by the Divine Power:"
-— so that his counsel was to treat them in a hospitable manner at his table,
+— so that his counsel was to treat them in a hospitable manner at his table,
and then send them away without hurting them. Upon
occasion of this stratagem of Elisha, in Josephus, we may take notice,
that although Josephus was one of the greatest lovers of truth in the world,
@@ -18113,7 +18113,7 @@ account abode before the gates, while nobody gave them any food, by reason
of the extremity of the famine; and as they were prohibited from entering
into the city by the law, and they considered that if they were permitted
to enter, they should miserably perish by the famine; as also, that if
-they staid where they were, they should suffer in the same manner, — they
+they staid where they were, they should suffer in the same manner, — they
resolved to deliver themselves up to the enemy, that in case they should
spare them, they should live; but if they should be killed, that would
be an easy death. So when they had confirmed this their resolution, they
@@ -18327,7 +18327,7 @@ the chamber, and endeavored not to be seen by any of the army.
But Jehu came out, and went to the place where he before sat with
the captains; and when they asked him, and desired him to tell them, wherefore
it was that this young man came to him, and added withal that he was mad,
-he replied, —"You guess right, for the words he spake were the words of
+he replied, — "You guess right, for the words he spake were the words of
a madman;" and when they were eager about the matter, and desired
he would tell them, he answered, that God had said he had chosen him to
be king over the multitude. When he had said this, every one of them put
@@ -19008,8 +19008,8 @@ the king of Assyria, a thousand talents, this is the first public money
raised by any [Israelite] king by tax on the people; that they used before
to raise it out of the treasures of the house of the Lord, or of their
own house; that it was a poll-money on the rich men, [and them only,] to
-raise £353,000, or, as others count a talent, £400,000, at
-the rate of £6 or £7 per head; and that God commanded, by Ezekiel,
+raise £353,000, or, as others count a talent, £400,000, at
+the rate of £6 or £7 per head; and that God commanded, by Ezekiel,
ch. 45:8; 46:18, that no such thing should be done [at the Jews' restoration],
but the king should have land of his own."
after which he died, and was buried in Samaria, and left his son Pekahiah
@@ -21150,8 +21150,8 @@ gold, and a head tire of fine linen, and a chain of gold about his neck,
and to sit next to himself, on account of his wisdom; "and,"
says he, "he shall be called my cousin." Now when he had promised
to give them these gifts, he asked the first of them, "Whether wine
-was not the strongest?"--the second, "Whether kings were not
-such?" — and the third, "Whether women were not such? or whether truth
+was not the strongest?" — the second, "Whether kings were not
+such?" — and the third, "Whether women were not such? or whether truth
was not the strongest of all?" When he had proposed that they should
make their inquiries about these problems, he went to rest; but in the
morning he sent for his great men, his princes, and toparchs of Persia
@@ -22881,7 +22881,7 @@ in Josephus and Aristeus, does better agree to twenty than to one hundred
and twenty drachmae; and since the value of a slave of old was at the utmost
but thirty shekels, or sixty drachmae; see Exodus 21:32; while in the present
circumstances of these Jewish slaves, and those so very numerous, Philadelphus
-would rather redeem them at a cheaper than at a dearer rate; — there is
+would rather redeem them at a cheaper than at a dearer rate; — there is
great reason to prefer here Aristeus's copies before Josephus's.
for every one of the slaves? And he promised to publish a magnificent decree,
about what they requested, which should confirm what Aristeus had proposed,
@@ -25994,8 +25994,8 @@ book of Maccabees, so did it not begin at Babylon till the next spring, on
the 311th year. See Prid. at the year 312. And it is truly observed by
Dr. Hudson on this place, that the Syrians and Assyrians are sometimes
confounded in ancient authors, according to the words of Justin, the
-epitomizer of Trogus Pompeius, who says that “the Assyrians were afterwards
-called Syrians.” 8.1 cb. xi. See of the War b. v. ch. ix. sect. 4. where the Philistines themselves, at
+epitomizer of Trogus Pompeius, who says that “the Assyrians were afterwards
+called Syrians.” 8.1 cb. xi. See of the War b. v. ch. ix. sect. 4. where the Philistines themselves, at
the very south limit of Syria in its utmost extent, are called Assyrians by
Josephus, as Spauheim observes.
of the kingdom of the Assyrians, which was after Seleucus, who was called
@@ -26914,7 +26914,7 @@ for when he was come as an auxiliary to Laodice, queen of the Gileadites,
that this Antiochus Pius did not die in this battle; but, running away,
was drowned in the river Orontes. Appian says that he, was deprived of
the kingdom of Syria by Tigranes; but Porphyry makes this Laodice queen
-of the Calamans; — all which is noted by Spanheim. In such confusion of
+of the Calamans; — all which is noted by Spanheim. In such confusion of
the later historians, we have no reason to prefer any of them before Josephus,
who had more original ones before him. This reproach upon Alexander, that
he was sprung from a captive, seems only the repetition of the old Pharisaical
@@ -36497,7 +36497,7 @@ father's kinsmen and friends, that he had almost procured him to be slain
by the means of those bribes which they had taken. And when Artabanus perceived
that the plot laid against him was not to be avoided, because it was laid
by the principal men, and those a great many in number, and that it would
-certainly take effect, — when he had estimated the number of those that
+certainly take effect, — when he had estimated the number of those that
were truly faithful to him, as also of those who were already corrupted,
but were deceitful in the kindness they professed to him, and were likely,
upon trial, to go over to his enemies, he made his escape to the upper
@@ -37359,7 +37359,7 @@ set about it himself. And thus did Aristobulus, and the rest with him,
supplicate Petronius. So Petronius,
partly on account of the pressing instances which Aristobulus and the rest
with him made, and because of the great consequence of what they desired,
-and the earnestness wherewith they made their supplication, — partly on
+and the earnestness wherewith they made their supplication, — partly on
account of the firmness of the opposition made by the Jews, which he saw,
while he thought it a terrible thing for him to be such a slave to the
madness of Caius, as to slay so many ten thousand men, only because of
@@ -37378,7 +37378,7 @@ but did not discover his own meaning, but the commands of the emperor,
and told them that his wrath would, without delay, be executed on such
as had the courage to disobey what he had commanded, and this immediately;
and that it was fit for him, who had obtained so great a dignity by his
-grant, not to contradict him in any thing: — "yet," said he, "I
+grant, not to contradict him in any thing: — "yet," said he, "I
do not think it just to have such a regard to my own safety and honor,
as to refuse to sacrifice them for your preservation, who are so many in
number, and endeavor to preserve the regard that is due to your law; which
@@ -39927,7 +39927,7 @@ behind her of this benefaction, which she bestowed on our whole nation.
And when her son Izates was informed of this famine,