diff --git a/src/main/java/org/peergos/blockstore/s3/S3Blockstore.java b/src/main/java/org/peergos/blockstore/s3/S3Blockstore.java
index bb2b400b..a8ff95e0 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/peergos/blockstore/s3/S3Blockstore.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/peergos/blockstore/s3/S3Blockstore.java
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 
 import io.ipfs.cid.Cid;
 import io.ipfs.multihash.Multihash;
+import io.prometheus.client.Counter;
+import io.prometheus.client.Histogram;
 import org.peergos.Hash;
 import org.peergos.blockstore.Blockstore;
 import org.peergos.blockstore.RateLimitException;
@@ -32,6 +34,51 @@ public class S3Blockstore implements Blockstore {
 
     private static final Logger LOG = Logging.LOG();
 
+    private static final Histogram readTimerLog = Histogram.build()
+            .labelNames("filesize")
+            .name("block_read_seconds")
+            .help("Time to read a block from immutable storage")
+            .exponentialBuckets(0.01, 2, 16)
+            .register();
+    private static final Histogram writeTimerLog = Histogram.build()
+            .labelNames("filesize")
+            .name("s3_block_write_seconds")
+            .help("Time to write a block to immutable storage")
+            .exponentialBuckets(0.01, 2, 16)
+            .register();
+    private static final Counter blockHeads = Counter.build()
+            .name("s3_block_heads")
+            .help("Number of block heads to S3")
+            .register();
+    private static final Counter blockGets = Counter.build()
+            .name("s3_block_gets")
+            .help("Number of block gets to S3")
+            .register();
+    private static final Counter failedBlockGets = Counter.build()
+            .name("s3_block_get_failures")
+            .help("Number of failed block gets to S3")
+            .register();
+    private static final Counter blockPuts = Counter.build()
+            .name("s3_block_puts")
+            .help("Number of block puts to S3")
+            .register();
+    private static final Histogram blockPutBytes = Histogram.build()
+            .labelNames("size")
+            .name("s3_block_put_bytes")
+            .help("Number of bytes written to S3")
+            .exponentialBuckets(0.01, 2, 16)
+            .register();
+
+    private static final Counter getRateLimited = Counter.build()
+            .name("s3_get_rate_limited")
+            .help("Number of times we get a http 429 rate limit response during a block get")
+            .register();
+
+    private static final Counter rateLimited = Counter.build()
+            .name("s3_rate_limited")
+            .help("Number of times we get a http 429 rate limit response")
+            .register();
+
     private final String region;
     private final String bucket;
     private final String regionEndpoint;
@@ -245,6 +292,7 @@ private CompletableFuture<Optional<Integer>> getSizeWithoutRetry(Cid cid) {
             PresignedUrl headUrl = S3Request.preSignHead(folder + hashToKey(cid), Optional.of(60),
                     S3AdminRequests.asAwsDate(ZonedDateTime.now()), host, region, accessKeyId, secretKey, useHttps, hasher).join();
             Map<String, List<String>> headRes = HttpUtil.head(headUrl.base, headUrl.fields);
+            blockHeads.inc();
             long size = Long.parseLong(headRes.get("Content-Length").get(0));
             return Futures.of(Optional.of((int)size));
         } catch (FileNotFoundException f) {
@@ -252,8 +300,9 @@ private CompletableFuture<Optional<Integer>> getSizeWithoutRetry(Cid cid) {
             return Futures.of(Optional.empty());
         } catch (IOException e) {
             String msg = e.getMessage();
-            boolean rateLimited = msg.startsWith("<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?><Error><Code>SlowDown</Code>");
-            if (rateLimited) {
+            boolean rateLimitedResult = msg.startsWith("<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?><Error><Code>SlowDown</Code>");
+            if (rateLimitedResult) {
+                rateLimited.inc();
                 throw new RateLimitException();
             }
             boolean notFound = msg.startsWith("<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?><Error><Code>NoSuchKey</Code>");
@@ -277,8 +326,10 @@ private CompletableFuture<Optional<byte[]>> getWithoutRetry(Cid cid) {
         Optional<Pair<Integer, Integer>> range = Optional.empty();
         PresignedUrl getUrl = S3Request.preSignGet(path, Optional.of(600), range,
                 S3AdminRequests.asAwsDate(ZonedDateTime.now()), host, region, accessKeyId, secretKey, useHttps, hasher).join();
+        Histogram.Timer readTimer = readTimerLog.labels("read").startTimer();
         try {
             byte[] block = HttpUtil.get(getUrl.base, getUrl.fields);
+            blockGets.inc();
             blockMetadata.put(cid, block);
             return Futures.of(Optional.of(block));
         } catch (SocketTimeoutException | SSLException e) {
@@ -286,8 +337,10 @@ private CompletableFuture<Optional<byte[]>> getWithoutRetry(Cid cid) {
             throw new RateLimitException();
         } catch (IOException e) {
             String msg = e.getMessage();
-            boolean rateLimited = msg.startsWith("<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?><Error><Code>SlowDown</Code>");
-            if (rateLimited) {
+            boolean rateLimitedResult = msg.startsWith("<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?><Error><Code>SlowDown</Code>");
+            if (rateLimitedResult) {
+                getRateLimited.inc();
+                rateLimited.inc();
                 throw new RateLimitException();
             }
             boolean notFound = msg.startsWith("<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?><Error><Code>NoSuchKey</Code>");
@@ -295,7 +348,10 @@ private CompletableFuture<Optional<byte[]>> getWithoutRetry(Cid cid) {
                 LOG.warning("S3 error reading " + path);
                 LOG.log(Level.WARNING, msg, e);
             }
+            failedBlockGets.inc();
             throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage(), e);
+        } finally {
+            readTimer.observeDuration();
         }
     }
 
@@ -304,6 +360,7 @@ public CompletableFuture<Cid> put(byte[] block, Cid.Codec codec) {
         return getWithBackoff(() -> putWithoutRetry(block, codec));
     }
     public CompletableFuture<Cid> putWithoutRetry(byte[] block, Cid.Codec codec) {
+        Histogram.Timer writeTimer = writeTimerLog.labels("write").startTimer();
         byte[] hash = Hash.sha256(block);
         Cid cid = new Cid(1, codec, Multihash.Type.sha2_256, hash);
         String key = hashToKey(cid);
@@ -316,15 +373,20 @@ public CompletableFuture<Cid> putWithoutRetry(byte[] block, Cid.Codec codec) {
                     S3AdminRequests.asAwsDate(ZonedDateTime.now()), host, extraHeaders, region, accessKeyId, secretKey, useHttps, hasher).join();
             HttpUtil.put(putUrl.base, putUrl.fields, block);
             blockMetadata.put(cid, block);
+            blockPuts.inc();
+            blockPutBytes.labels("size").observe(block.length);
             return CompletableFuture.completedFuture(cid);
         } catch (IOException e) {
             String msg = e.getMessage();
-            boolean rateLimited = msg.startsWith("<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?><Error><Code>SlowDown</Code>");
-            if (rateLimited) {
+            boolean rateLimitedResult = msg.startsWith("<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?><Error><Code>SlowDown</Code>");
+            if (rateLimitedResult) {
+                rateLimited.inc();
                 throw new RateLimitException();
             }
             LOG.log(Level.SEVERE, e.getMessage(), e);
             throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage(), e);
+        } finally {
+            writeTimer.observeDuration();
         }
     }