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flutter_pigeon

A new Flutter project.

Getting Started

This project is a starting point for a Flutter application.

A few resources to get you started if this is your first Flutter project:

For help getting started with Flutter, view our online documentation, which offers tutorials, samples, guidance on mobile development, and a full API reference.

[Flutter] 使用 Pigeon 实现跨平台方法调用

简介

Pigeon 是在 Flutter 1.20 发布的,为了解决 Flutter 调用 native 代码过于麻烦和困难,需要在字符串的基础上匹配函数名和参数,通过使用这个包可以实现

  • 与 native 类型安全通信
    • Flutter 调用 Native 方法 ( @HostApi() )
    • Native 调用 Flutter 方法 ( @FlutterApi() )
  • 通过自动生成减少手写代码量
  • platform_channels 这篇文章主要是详细描述了如何使用 Pigeon 从 Flutter 端调用一个在 Swift/Kotlin 中实现的简单 getPlatformVersion 方法。实例项目可在此处获得

创建 Flutter app

$ flutter create -i swift -a kotlin flutter_pigeon

Pigeon 是做什么的

Java/Objective-C 接口协议是根据 Dart 端定义的参数和返回值信息自动生成的。 原生基于这些接口实现,可以与 Flutter 端进行类型安全通信。 类似于使用 TypeScript 创建类型定义文件。

安装

# pubspec.yaml

dev_dependencies:
  pigeon: ^1.0.0

Dart

首先,创建一个定义与原生通信的 dart 文件。在根目录下创建 pigeon/schema.dart 文件 ⚠️ 请求参数和返回结果都必需是类结构 否则无法生成文件

// schema.dart
import 'package:pigeon/pigeon.dart';

// Flutter 调用原生代码
@HostApi()
abstract class Api {
  String getPlatformVersion();
}

// 原生调用 Flutter
@FlutterApi()
abstract class FlutterApi {
  void sessionInvalid();
}

新建脚本文件 run_pigeon.sh

# run_pigeon.h

$ flutter pub run pigeon \
  --input pigeon/schema.dart \
  --dart_out lib/api_generated.dart  \
  --objc_header_out ios/Runner/Pigeon.h \
  --objc_source_out ios/Runner/Pigeon.m \
  --objc_prefix FLT \
  --java_out android/app/src/main/java/io/flutter/plugins/Pigeon.java \
  --java_package "io.flutter.plugins"

运行脚本自动生成对应的接口文件

$ ./run_pigeon.sh

在需要调用原生方法函数的地方导入并使用 Pigeon 生成的 dart 文件

Flutter call native method

// home.dart

Future<String?> callNativePlatform() async {
    // `Api` is a class generated by Pigeon
    final api = Api();
    final res = await api.getPlatformVersion();
    return res;
  }

Kotlin

API 接口写在 Pigeon 生成的 Java 文件中,所以创建一个实现它的类,并传递给 setup 方法。

// MainActivity.kt
class MainActivity: FlutterActivity() {
   // 声明 Flutter Api 
    lateinit var flutterApi: Pigeon.MyApi
    private class MyApi: Pigeon.Api {
        override fun getPlatformVersion(result: Pigeon.Result<String>?) {
            var version = "Android ${android.os.Build.VERSION.RELEASE}"
            result?.success(version)
        }
    }
	
		override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        // 调用 Flutter Api
        Timer().schedule(object: TimerTask() {
            override fun run() {
                // Platform Channel func 必须在主线程上执行该方法
                Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()).post {
                    // Call the desired channel message here.
                    flutterApi.sessionInValid {  Log.d("Call func", "====Call flutter func!===") }
                }
            }
        }, 1000)
    }

    override fun configureFlutterEngine(flutterEngine: FlutterEngine) {
        super.configureFlutterEngine(flutterEngine)
        // 2. setup()
        Pigeon.Api.setup(flutterEngine.dartExecutor.binaryMessenger, MyApi())
				// setup Flutter api
				flutterApi = Pigeon.MyApi(flutterEngine.dartExecutor.binaryMessenger)
    }

}

Swift

在桥接文件 ios/RunnerRunner-Bridging-Header.h 添加 import 语句,让 Pigeon 生成的 Objective-C 文件对 Swift 可见

// ios / Runner / Runner-Bridging-Header.h
#import "Pigeon.h"

由于 API 协议写在生成的文件中,创建一个实现该协议的类 MyApi 创建 SwiftPigeonService.swift 文件 实现协议方法

// SwiftPigeonService.swift

public class SwiftPigeonService: NSObject, FLTApi {
    public func getPlatformVersion(completion: @escaping (String?, FlutterError?) -> Void) {
        let result = "iOS " + UIDevice.current.systemVersion
        completion(result, nil)
    }
}

在 AppDelegate 中实例化 API 并将其传递给 setup 方法

// AppDelegate.swift

@UIApplicationMain
@objc class AppDelegate: FlutterAppDelegate {
  var _flutterApi: FLTMyApi?
  override func application(
    _ application: UIApplication,
    didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: [UIApplication.LaunchOptionsKey: Any]?
  ) -> Bool {
   let controller : FlutterViewController = window?.rootViewController as! FlutterViewController
    FLTApiSetup(controller.binaryMessenger, SwiftPigeonService())
    GeneratedPluginRegistrant.register(with: self)
    _flutterApi = FLTMyApi(binaryMessenger: controller.binaryMessenger)
    // 注意:方法必须在主线程上执行
    DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + .milliseconds(500)) {
        self._flutterApi?.sessionInValid(completion: { (error) in
            print("===Native Call flutter func!===")
        })
    }
    return super.application(application, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions: launchOptions)
  }
}

Flutter

实现 @FutterApi() 中的协议方法,供 Native 调用

// api_flutter.dart
// 实现 Flutter ApiGenerated 的接口
class FTLApiManager extends MyApi {
  @override
  Future<void> sessionInValid() async {
    if (kDebugMode) {
      print('====Call session invalid====');
    }
  }
}
// main.dart

void main() async {
  runApp(const MyApp());
}

class MyApp extends StatefulWidget {
  const MyApp({Key? key}) : super(key: key);

  @override
  _MyAppState createState() => _MyAppState();
}

class _MyAppState extends State<MyApp> {
  @override
  void initState() {
    super.initState();
    // 注入 method channel
    MyApi.setup(FTLApiManager());
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      title: 'Flutter Demo',
      theme: ThemeData(
        primarySwatch: Colors.blue,
      ),
      home: const HomePage(),
    );
  }
}

总结

  • Pigeon 自动生成使用 MethodChannel 相关部分内容。(严格来说,Pigeon 使用的是BasicMessageChannel
  • 预定义模式允许与 native 进行类型安全通信
  • 生成的代码是 Java/Objective-C,但是由于 Kotlin 可以调用 Java,Swift 可以调用 Objective-C
  • 不必了解 Dart 端代码 (只需调用自动生成的 API)
  • 不必了解原生代码 (只需实现自动生成的接口)
  • 实际官方插件 video_player 已经在使用了
  • Native 调用 Platform Channel Method 必须在主线程上执行