code.c

/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
/*                                                         SpeedMath Game                                                                     */
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
/* SpeedMath Game is a fun way to test your abilities at how fast you can do math in your head.                                               */
/* The game contains multiple ways of displaying arithmetic problems, including visually, and auditorily.                                     */
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
/* Instructions:                                                                                                                              */
/* 1. Start the game by waving at the IR sensor. The LED would turn green.                                                                    */
/* 2. The game has 3 levels (Easy, Medium, and Hard).                                                                                         */
/* 3. Click on 1 on the keypad to play the easy level, 2 for the medium level, and 3 for the hard level.                                      */
/* 4. There are 10 questions in each game.                                                                                                    */
/* 5. Make sure to answer quickly, the game is set by a timer for every question. The timer is displayed on the LCD.                          */
/* 6. If you click the wrong key, you can click on "D" on they keypad to erase the last typed number.                                         */
/* 7. To check your answer and move on to the next question before the timer ends, click on "#" on the keypad.                                */
/* 8. If your answer is correct, the green RGB LED lights up. If it is wrong, the LED turns red.                                              */
/* 9. You can adjust the brightness of the LED by turning the knob of the potentiometer.                                                      */
/* 10. If you choose the easy level, you have 20 seconds to answer a "+", "-", "*", or "" math question displayed on the LCD.                */
/* 11. If you choose the medium level, only the operation is displayed on the LCD. You have to observe how many times the blue LED blinks.    */
/* 12. The hard level is similar, except that you have to listen carefully to the speaker and count how many times it "buzzes"!               */
/* 13. For medium and hard levels, a duration of a second separates the first number from the second.                                         */
/* 14. In these two levels, you only have 15 and 10 seconds to perform math operations in your head on the two numbers and type your answers. */
/* 15. At the end of each game, your game score is displayed on the LCD, and then your total game scores.                                     */
/* 16. If you decide to stop the game at any time, you can click on "*" on the keypad.                                                        */
/* 17. Don't worry, you can play the game again at any time by waving at the IR sensor.                                                       */
/* 18. Have fun!                                                                                                                              */
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
/* Made by Mariam Alzaabi                                                                                                                     */
/* 23/11/2020                                                                                                                                 */
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ */

#include <Keypad.h> //Keypad library
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h> //LCD library
#include <EEPROM.h> //EEPROM library

// Defining Arduino pins
const byte bluePin = 10; //PB2 attach pin D12 (PB2) Arduino to pin Blue of RGB LED
const byte greenPin = 11; //PB3 attach pin D12 (PB3) Arduino to pin Green of RGB LED
const byte redPin = 12; //PB4 attach pin D12 (PB4) Arduino to pin Red of RGB LED
const byte speaker = 13; //PB5 attach pin D13 (PB5) Arduino to speaker pin
const byte potentiometerPin = A0; //attach pin A0 Arduino to potentiometer pin

// Creating pointers to port D and B registers
byte *ptr_to_PORTD;
byte *ptr_to_PIND;
byte *ptr_to_DDRB;
byte *ptr_to_PORTB;

// New shapes created for the LCD screen
byte smileyFace[] = { //Smiley face used for answers checking
  B00000,
  B00000,
  B01010,
  B00000,
  B10001,
  B01110,
  B00000,
  B00000
};
byte sadFace[] = { //Sad face used for answers checking
  B00000,
  B00000,
  B01010,
  B00000,
  B01110,
  B10001,
  B00000,
  B00000
};
byte blankChar[] = { //Blank character used for M/H game levels
  B11111,
  B11111,
  B11111,
  B11111,
  B11111,
  B11111,
  B11111,
  B11111
};

// Creating object from LCD library to control LCD
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);

// Configuring Keypad using keypad library
const byte ROWS = 4; //four rows
const byte COLS = 4; //four columns

// Defining the keymap
char keys[ROWS][COLS] = {
  {'1', '2', '3', 'A'},
  {'4', '5', '6', 'B'},
  {'7', '8', '9', 'C'},
  {'*', '0', '#', 'D'}
};

byte rowPins[ROWS] = {2, 3, 4, 5}; //connect to the row pinouts of the keypad
byte colPins[COLS] = {6, 7, 8, 9}; //connect to the column pinouts of the keypad

// Creating the keypad
Keypad keypad = Keypad( makeKeymap(keys), rowPins, colPins, ROWS, COLS );

// Code for game implementation
namespace Game {
class SpeedMath
{
  public:
    String input = ""; //used to get a string of number inputs from the user
    int num1, num2, correctValue, op; //initialization of int type
    String operation = ""; //type of operation used in the game ("+", "-", "*", or "/")
    int numChar = 0; //used for determining the number of characters used in typing a question

    char difficulty; //level of difficuty chosen by the user (1-E, 2-M, or 3-H)
    byte score = 0; //score is initially 0
    byte numQuestions = 10; //number of questioned asked, max is 255
    bool playMode = false; //if user is in play mode
    bool isExited = false; //if the game has already been exited
    bool levelChosen = false; //if the level is chosen by the user
    bool setUp = false; //if the game has already been exited
    bool gameStopped = false; //if the game has been stopped
    unsigned long delayStart = 0; //time the delay started
    bool delayRunning = false; //true if still waiting for delay to finish
    int totScore = 0; //total score of the player
    int addTotScore = 0; //address of the total score

    // Function used to generate random questions for the easy level game
    void generateEasy(void) {
      lcd.clear(); //clear LCD screen and position the cursor in the upper-left corner
      generateNumbers(1, 100, 1, 100, 1, 20, 1, 100); //the range of randomly generated numbers
      lcd.print(String(num1) + operation + String(num2) + "="); //print the question to the LCD
      numChar = countDigit(num1) + countDigit(num2) + 2; //count the number of characters displayed on the LCD
      delayStart = millis(); //start delay
      delayRunning = true; //delay is not finished yet
    }

    // Function used to generate random questions for the medium level game
    void generateMed(void) {
      lcd.clear(); //clear LCD screen and position the cursor in the upper-left corner
      generateNumbers(1, 10, 1, 10, 1, 10, 1, 10); //the range is [1, 10]
      lcd.print("Look carefully!"); //print to the LCD screen for 2 seconds
      delay(2000);
      lcd.clear(); //clear LCD screen and position the cursor in the upper-left corner
      for (int i = 1; i <= num1; i++) { //used for blinking num1
        analogWrite(bluePin, 255); //writes an analog value (PWM wave) to blue pin for 250 ms
        delay(250);
        analogWrite(bluePin, 0); //turn it off for 250 ms
        delay(250);
      }
      delay(1000); //wait for a second before blinking num2
      for (int i = 1; i <= num2; i++) { //used for blinking num2
        analogWrite(bluePin, 255); //writes an analog value (PWM wave) to blue pin for 250 ms
        delay(250);
        analogWrite(bluePin, 0); //turn it off for 250 ms
        delay(250);
      }
      delay(1000); //wait for a second before displaying the operation
      lcd.createChar(0, blankChar); //create a custom character for displaying the question
      lcd.home(); //positions the cursor in the upper-left of the LCD
      lcd.write(0); //write the custom character to the LCD
      lcd.print(operation); //print the operation to the LCD
      lcd.write(0); //write the custom character to the LCD again
      lcd.print("="); //print the operation to the LCD
      numChar = 4; //number of characters on the LCD
      delayStart = millis(); //start delay
      delayRunning = true; //delay not finished yet
    }

    // Function used to generate random questions for the hard level game
    void generateHard(void) {
      lcd.clear(); //clear LCD screen and position the cursor in the upper-left corner
      generateNumbers(1, 10, 1, 10, 1, 10, 1, 10); //the range is [1, 10]
      lcd.print("Listen carefully!"); //print to the LCD for 2 seconds
      delay(2000);
      lcd.clear(); //clear LCD screen and position the cursor in the upper-left corner
      for (int i = 1; i <= num1; i++) { //used for "buzzing" num1
        tone(speaker, 1000); //start speaker sound for 250ms
        delay(250);
        noTone(speaker); //Stop buzzing
      }
      delay(1000); //wait for a second before "buzzing" num2
      for (int i = 1; i <= num2; i++) { //used for "buzzing" num1
        tone(speaker, 1000); //start speaker sound for 250ms
        delay(250);
        noTone(speaker); //Stop buzzing
      }
      delay(1000); //wait for a second before displaying the operation
      lcd.createChar(0, blankChar); //create a custom character for displaying the question
      lcd.home(); //positions the cursor in the upper-left of the LCD
      lcd.write(0); //write the custom character to the LCD
      lcd.print(operation); //print the operation to the LCD
      lcd.write(0); //write the custom character to the LCD again
      lcd.print("="); //print the operation to the LCD
      numChar = 4; //number of characters on the LCD
      delayStart = millis(); //start delay
      delayRunning = true; //delay not finished yet
    }

    // Function used to reset values after each question
    void clean() {
      num1 = num2 = correctValue = 0;
      input = "";
      numChar = 0;
    }

    // Function used to count the number of digits in a number
    int countDigit(int n) {
      int count = 0;
      while (n != 0) {
        n = n / 10;
        ++count;
      }
      return count;
    }

    // Function used to generate the numbers for the game in the range [1, 255]
    void generateNumbers(byte minAdd, byte maxAdd, byte minSub, byte maxSub, byte minMul, byte maxMul, byte minDiv, byte maxDiv) {
      op = random(1, 5); //generate a random number [1,4] for the type of operation
      // Switch statement used for performing mathematical calculation
      switch (op) {
        case (1): //if the random number is "1", perform addition
          operation = "+"; //type of operation is addition
          num1 = random(minAdd, maxAdd); //generate a random number [1-99] for the first operand
          num2 = random(minAdd, maxAdd); //generate a random number [1-99] for the second operand
          correctValue = num1 + num2; //perform addition
          break;
        case (2): //if the random number is "2", perform subtraction
          operation = "-"; //type of operation is subtraction
          num1 = random(minSub, maxSub); //generate a random number [1-99] for the first operand
          num2 = random(minSub, maxSub); //generate a random number [1-99] for the second operand
          while (num1 < num2) { //calculation results cannot be negative
            num2 = random(minSub, maxSub);
          }
          correctValue = num1 - num2; //perform subtraction
          break;
        case (3): //if the random number is "3", perform multiplication
          operation = "x"; //type of operation is multiplication
          num1 = random(minMul, maxMul); //generate a random number [1-19] for the first operand
          num2 = random(minMul, maxMul); //generate a random number [1-19] for the second operand
          correctValue = num1 * num2; //perform multiplication
          break;
        case (4): //if the random number is "4", perform division
          operation = "/"; //type of operation is division
          num1 = random(minDiv, maxDiv); //generate a random number [1-99] for the first operand
          num2 = random(minDiv, maxDiv); //generate a random number [1-99] for the second operand
          while ((num1 < num2) || ((num1 % num2) != 0)) { //calculation results cannot be decimal
            num2 = random(minDiv, maxDiv);
          }
          correctValue = num1 / num2; //perform division
          break;
      }
    }

    // Function used for initializing the game
    void initGame() {
      lcd.clear(); //clear LCD screen and position the cursor in the upper-left corner
      int potValue = analogRead(potentiometerPin) / 4; //measure the potentiometer value (max 255)
      setColor(0, potValue, 0); //light up the RGB LED with green color
      lcd.print("Hello!"); //print to the LCD screen
      tone(speaker, 3000, 1000); //start speaker sound for 1 second
      delay(1000);
      setColor(0, 0, 0); //turn off green color
      lcd.clear(); //clear LCD screen and position the cursor in the upper-left corner
      lcd.print("Difficulty "); //print to the LCD screen
      lcd.setCursor(2, 1); //sLevelet cursor to the third position from the bottom
      lcd.print("1-E 2-M 3-H"); //print to the LCD screen
    }

    // Function used for setting up the game
    void setUpGame() {
      lcd.backlight(); //turn on blacklight
      setUp = true; //the game has been set up
      isExited = false; //the game has not been exited
      initGame(); //initialize the game
      char key;
      do { //keep looping until a level is chosen and the user has not chosen to exit the game
        key = keypad.getKey(); //value of a key being pressed
        if ((key == '1') || (key == '2') || (key == '3')) { //if a level is chosen
          delay(1000); //wait for a second before starting
          lcd.clear(); //clear LCD screen and position the cursor in the upper-left corner
          levelChosen = true; //level has been chosen
          difficulty = key; //sets difficulty level
          playMode = true; //user is now in play mode
          playGame(); //play the game
        }
        else if (key == '*') { //if user has chosen to stop the game
          stopGame(); //stop the game
        }
      } while (((key != '1') && (key != '2') && (key != '3') && (levelChosen != true)) && (!isExited));
    }

    // Function for playing the game based on difficulty level
    void playGame() {
      numQuestions -= 1; //decrement number of questions
      // Switch statement used for generating questions based on difficulty level
      switch (difficulty) {
        case ('1'): //if difficulty is easy
          generateEasy(); //generate random easy questions
          break;
        case ('2'): //if difficulty is medium
          generateMed(); //generate random medium questions
          break;
        case ('3'): //if difficulty is hard
          generateHard(); //generate random hard questions
          break;
      }
    }

    // Function used to check if the inputted values match the correct values
    void checkAnswer() {
      lcd.clear(); //clear LCD screen and position the cursor in the upper-left corner
      int potValue = analogRead(potentiometerPin) / 4; //measure the potentiometer value (max 255)
      if (input.toInt() == correctValue) { //if they match
        score += 1; //increment the score value
        tone(speaker, 4500, 800); //start speaker sound for 1 second
        lcd.createChar(0, smileyFace); //create a custom character (smiley face)
        lcd.home(); //positions the cursor in the upper-left of the LCD
        lcd.print("Correct!"); //print to the LCD screen
        lcd.write(0); //write the custom character to the LCD
        setColor(0, potValue, 0); //light up the RGB LED with green color
      } else { //if they do not match
        tone(speaker, 500, 800); //start speaker sound for 1 second
        lcd.createChar(0, sadFace); //create a custom character (sad face)
        lcd.home(); //positions the cursor in the upper-left of the LCD
        lcd.print("Incorrect!"); //print to the LCD screen
        lcd.write(0); //write the custom character to the LCD
        setColor(potValue, 0, 0); //light up the RGB LED with red color
      }
      delay(1000); //wait for 1 second
      setColor(0, 0, 0); //turn off RGB LED color
      lcd.clear(); //clear LCD screen and position the cursor in the upper-left corner
      clean(); //reset values
    }

    //Function to check if there are questions left
    void continueGame() {
      if (numQuestions > 0) { //if there are questions left
        checkAnswer(); //check the answer
        playGame(); //keep playing the game
      } else if (numQuestions == 0 && playMode == true) { //if no questions left
        checkAnswer(); //check the answer
        playMode = false; //user has finished the game
        lcd.setCursor(5, 0); //set cursor to the sixth position from the top
        lcd.print("Score:" + String(score) + "/10"); //print to the LCD screen
        delay(1500); //wait for 1.5 seconds
        lcd.clear(); //clear LCD screen and position the cursor in the upper-left corner
        lcd.print("Total Score"); //print to the LCD screen
        lcd.setCursor(0, 1); //set cursor to the first position from the bottom
        totScore = EEPROM.get(addTotScore, totScore) + score; //update total score
        EEPROM.put(addTotScore, totScore); //write total score to the EEPROM
        lcd.print(String(EEPROM.get(addTotScore, totScore))); //print total score on the LCD from EEPROM
      }
    }

    // Function for stopping the game
    void stopGame() {
      if (!isExited) { //stop the game if it has not been already stopped
        clean(); //reset values
        lcd.clear(); //clear LCD screen and position the cursor in the upper-left corner
        setColor(255, 0, 0); //light up the RGB LED with red color
        lcd.setCursor(6, 0); //set cursor to the seventh position from the top
        lcd.print("Good"); //print to the LCD screen
        lcd.setCursor(6, 1); //set cursor to the seventh position from the bottom
        lcd.print("Bye!"); //print to the LCD screen
        delay(2000); //clear everything after 2 seconds
        setColor(0, 0, 0); //turn off red color
        lcd.clear(); //clear LCD screen and position the cursor in the upper-left corner
        clearGame(); //reset values
      }
    }

    // Function for resetting values after every game
    void clearGame() {
      lcd.noBacklight(); //turn off backlight
      isExited = true; //the game has been stopped
      setUp = false; //the game can be set up when it is on again
      numQuestions = 10; //the number of questions is back to 10
      difficulty = NULL; //difficulty can be chosen again later
      levelChosen = false; //level can be chosen again later
      score = 0; //reset the score
    }

    // Function used when a number is pressed on the Keypad
    void numPress(char num) {
      if (playMode) { //if the user is in play mode
        lcd.setCursor(numChar, 0); //set the cursor to the position after the printed characters
        input += num; //convert the numbers to a string of numbers
        numChar += 1; //increment the number of characters displayed on the LCD
        lcd.write(num); //write the number to the LCD
        tone(speaker, 1000, 300); //start speaker sound for 1 second
      }
    }

    // Function used to delete a character typed during the game
    void deleteChar() {
      if (input.length() != 0) { //if there are characters typed by the user
        numChar -= 1; //decrement the number of characters displayed on the LCD
        input.remove(input.length() - 1); //remove the last character from the input string
        lcd.setCursor(numChar, 0); //set the cursor to the last position
        lcd.print(" "); //hide the character from the LCD
        lcd.setCursor(numChar, 0); //set the cursor to the last position
      }
    }

    // Use PWM to control the brightness of the RGB LED [0-255]
    void setColor(int redValue, int greenValue, int blueValue) {
      analogWrite(redPin, redValue); //writes an analog value (PWM wave) to red pin
      analogWrite(greenPin, greenValue); //writes an analog value (PWM wave) to green pin
      analogWrite(bluePin, blueValue); //writes an analog value (PWM wave) to blue pin
    }

    //Function used to set up the timer based on difficulty level
    void setUpTimer() {
      // Switch statement used for setting the timer based on difficulty level
      switch (difficulty) {
        case ('1'): //if difficulty is easy
          setTimer(20); //sets a timer of 20 seconds
          break;
        case ('2'): //if difficulty is medium
          setTimer(15); //sets a timer of 10 seconds
          break;
        case ('3'): //if difficulty is hard
          setTimer(10); //sets a timer of 10 seconds
          break;
      }
    }

    //Function used to create the timer
    void setTimer(unsigned long inSeconds) {
      if (playMode) { //if the game is in play mode
        if (inSeconds < 86400) { //maximum is 23h:59m:59s = 86399 seconds
          bool secondPrinted = false; //can only be printed once
          // Check if delay has timed out after 5 seconds
          if (delayRunning && ((millis() - delayStart) >= (inSeconds * 1000))) {
            delayRunning = false; //this code can only run once
            continueGame(); //continue playing the game
          }
          else { //if the timer has not timed out
            for (int i = 1; i <= inSeconds; i++) { //check if another second has passed
              if ((delayRunning && ((millis() - delayStart) >= ((inSeconds - i) * 1000))) && !secondPrinted) {
                secondPrinted = true; //only check for the first correct condition
                displayTimer(i); //display the timer on the LCD
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }

    //Function used to display the timer on the LCD
    void displayTimer(int totalSecond) {
      lcd.setCursor(0, 1); //set the cursor to the first position from the bottom
      char timeFormat[8]; //for formatting the time

      //Return a formatted string in the form HH:MM:SS
      sprintf(timeFormat, "%02d:%02d:%02d", totalSecond / 3600, (totalSecond % 3600) / 60, totalSecond % 60);
      lcd.print(timeFormat); //print it to the LCD
    }
};
}

// Initializing an object of class SpeedMath
Game::SpeedMath my_game;

// Setup code here, to run once
void setup() {
  lcd.init(); //initialize the LCD
  ptr_to_PORTD = 0x2B; //PORTD (port D) register address
  ptr_to_PIND = 0x29; //PIND (port D) register address
  *ptr_to_PORTD = B00000010; //sets IR pin in PD1 as input
  ptr_to_DDRB = 0x24; //DDRB (port B) register address
  ptr_to_PORTB = 0x25; //PORTB (port B) register address
  *ptr_to_DDRB = B00111100; //sets speaker pin in PB5 and RGB pins in PB2/3/4 as output
  randomSeed(analogRead(0)); //seeds the random number generator (AnalogRead on pin 0)
}

// Main code, to run repeatedly
void loop() {
  // Set up a timer based on difficulty level
  my_game.setUpTimer();
  byte statusIRSensor = *ptr_to_PIND; //digitalRead(IRSensor);
  if (!my_game.setUp && ((statusIRSensor & B00000010) == LOW)) //if the game has not been set up and an object has been detected
  {
    my_game.setUpGame(); //set up the game
  }
  char key = keypad.getKey(); //value of a key being pressed
  if (key) { //if a key has been pressed
    // Switch statement used when a key is pressed on the Keypad
    switch (key) {
      case 'A': //if any of these are pressed nothing happens
      case 'B':
      case 'C':
        break;
      case 'D': //if 'D' is pressed
        my_game.deleteChar(); //delete the last character typed
        break;
      case '#': //if '#' is pressed
        my_game.continueGame(); //check the answer then continue the game if there are questions left
        break;
      case '*': //if '*' is pressed
        my_game.stopGame(); //stop the game
        break;
      default: //if a number is pressed
        my_game.numPress(key); //write the number to the LCD and retrieve a string of the numbers pressed
        break;
    }
  }
}