index.Rmd

---
title: "The Green Fablab: Towards a distributed recycling paradigm"
subtitle: "Engineering Connection Nov 4 / 2020"
author: "**Fabio CRUZ**, Mauricio Camargo"
institute: "ERPI <br/> Université de Lorraine "
date: "2016/12/12 (updated: `r Sys.Date()`)"
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# How  Innovation Labs to mitigate .brand-red[climate change]: academy-industry partnerships for success?

???

- Let's begin with the first global challegne, Climate change

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# Societal Challegue <br>  Climate change 


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# Climate change 

.left-column[.footnotesize[

- Global warming estimations
- 6000 scientific references
- Awareness of the impact of human activity
- With 2°C, many ecosystems (corals) will disappear
- Limits to growth --> Earth's boundaries
]]

.right-column[
.polaroid[ ![](Figures/IPCC-SPM-1.png) ]
 
.footnote[Source: Intergovermental pannel on Climate change https://www.ipcc.ch/ ]

]


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# Can we continue in the same economic model ?

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background-image: url(Figures/Emissions-by-sector.png)
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## Where do global <br> greenhouse gas <br> emissions come from?

- Towards a neutral climate 

- Improvements in sector sector counts


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## We need to reframe a new model!  `r icon::fa("exclamation-triangle", pull = "right")`

![linear-economy](Figures/linear-economy.png)

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## Intensive research on what could be a alternative model...

![:scale 60%](Figures/Doughnut-Economics.jpg)
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# Doughnut Economics

- Need to a holistic view other than GDP growth
- 'Sweet spot' between <br> minimal social requirements **AND** <br> Biophysical earth's boundaries.

.footnote[Raworth, K. A Safe and Just Space for Humanity: Can We Live within the Doughnut? Oxfam: Oxford, UK, 2012.
]

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# Doughnut Economics

- Need to a holistic view other than GDP growth
- Index to evaluate 

.footnote[Raworth, K. A Safe and Just Space for Humanity: Can We Live within the Doughnut? Oxfam: Oxford, UK, 2012.
]

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# Doughnut Economics: .blue[Chile vs France]

.center[![](Figures/Dona-Chile-France.png)]

.footnote[O’Neill, D. W., Fanning, A. L., Lamb, W. F., & Steinberger, J. K. (2018). A good life for all within planetary boundaries. Nature sustainability, 1(2), 88-95. More details: https://goodlife.leeds.ac.uk .
]

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# Doughnut Economics: <br> .blue[World]

.pull-left[

- Imagine a country that satisfy the basic needs:  a long, healthy, happy life. 

- Now, imagine this same country can do this without while use natural ressources in a sustainable way 

- What about if all countries would do the same

]

.footnote[O’Neill, D. W., Fanning, A. L., Lamb, W. F., & Steinberger, J. K. (2018). <br/>A good life for all within planetary boundaries. Nature sustainability, 1(2), 88-95.  <br>   https://goodlife.leeds.ac.uk 
]

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# How  Innovation Labs to mitigate climate change: .brand-blue[<ins>academy-industry partnerships</ins>] for success?

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# Production and transfer knowledge

.left-column[
- Towards  a **Mode 3** for $21^{st}$ century
]
.right-column[
![:scale 80%](Figures/Knowledge-modes.png)
]

.footnote[
- Rayna, T., Striukova, L., 2020. Fostering skills for the 21st century: The role of Fab labs and makerspaces. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change 120391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120391
- The New Production of Knowledge: The Dynamics of Science and Research in Contemporary Societies, 2010. . SAGE Publications Ltd, 1 Oliver’s Yard, 55 City Road, London EC1Y 1SP United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446221853
]



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# Quintuple Helix of Innovation

.pull-left[
- 
]

.footnote[
- Carayannis, Elias G. and David F. J. Campbell. 2012. “Mode 3 Knowledge Production in Quadruple Helix Innovation Systems.” Pp. 1–63

- Camargo, Morel, Lhoste. Progressive University Technology Transfer of Innovation Capabilities to SMEs: an Active and Modular Educational Partnership. New Perspectives in Technology Transfer (2020) 

]


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# The Fuzzy Front End of Innovation



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# Early sustainable design

.pull-left[

]

.pull-right[
![:scale 80%](Figures/Sustainable-design.jpg)
]

.footnote[
Martinez-Hernandez, E., 2017. Trends in sustainable process design—from molecular to global scales. Curr. Opin. Chem. Eng. 17, 35–41. <br/> https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coche.2017.05.005 
]

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# How .green[<ins>Innovation Labs</ins>] to mitigate climate change: academy-industry partnerships for success?

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# Lorraine <br>Fab Living <br>Lab 

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# Lorraine <br>Fab Living <br>Lab 

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![](Figures//Green-fablab.jpg)

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## The problem: Plastic waste

.pull-left[ 
- US recycled less than 9% of its plastic waste.
- EU, recycled about 30%. However, this number is what is collected, not from what is in circulation*. 
- China’s ban on plastic trash
- Plastic trash could top 13 billion tons by 2050
- Economics of plastic recycling historically have been challenging
- Little financial incentive to encourage consumers to recycle their own plastic waste

## We barely recycle plastic!!.. 
]


.pull-right[ 
![Plastic waste](https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1537084642907-629340c7e59c?ixlib=rb-1.2.1&ixid=eyJhcHBfaWQiOjEyMDd9&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1567&q=80)
]


.footnote[
*Kranzinger, L., Pomberger, R., Schwabl, D., Flachberger, H., Bauer, M., Lehner, M., Hofer, W., 2018. Output-oriented analysis of the wet mechanical processing of polyolefin-rich waste for feedstock recycling. Waste Manag. Res. 36, 445–453
]


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# Distributed recycling via additive manufacturing (DRAM)


.pull-left[
- Local closed loop
- AM adds value
- Small quantities 

- Reduction of landfilling
- Minimize the use of virgin materials

![](Figures/Green-fablab-2.jpg)
]
.pull-right[

![](http://lf2l.fr/assets/images/3-projects/gf/Logo-GF.png)

![](Figures/Green-fablab-1.jpg)
]


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# Distributed recycling via additive manufacturing (DRAM)
Technical system
![](Figures/DRAM-00.png)

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# Distributed recycling via additive manufacturing (DRAM)
Technical system
![](Figures/DRAM-01.png)

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# Distributed recycling via additive manufacturing (DRAM)
Technical system
![](Figures/DRAM-02.png)

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# Distributed recycling via additive manufacturing (DRAM)
Technical system
![](Figures/DRAM-03.png)

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# Distributed recycling via additive manufacturing (DRAM)
Technical system

.center[![:scale 80%](Figures/DRAM-04.jpeg)]

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# Distributed recycling via additive manufacturing (DRAM)
Technical system

.center[![:scale 80%](Figures/DRAM-05.png)]

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# Distributed recycling via additive manufacturing (DRAM)

Taking into account the environment and their ecosystem services (ES).

.pull-left[
![:scale 90%](Figures/Eco-Services-00.jpg)
]

--

.pull-right[
![](Figures/Eco-Services-01.png)

- How the future recycling chain could be including the environment?
]


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# Distributed recycling via additive manufacturing (DRAM)

Global system

.pull-left[
![](Figures/DRAM-07.png)
]

.pull-right[
- Establish and evaluate scenarios in a systemic and dynamic way

- Evaluate the influences of the main operating variables on the system

- Taking into account the priorities of the multiple stakeholders

- Facilitate your decision making public-private actors
]
.footnote[
Santander, P., Cruz Sanchez, F.A., Boudaoud, H., Camargo, M., 2020. Closed loop supply chain network for local and distributed plastic recycling for 3D printing: a MILP-based optimization approach. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 154, 104531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.104531 
]


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# To conclude

- An imperative to act now for the planet
- Assuming our role from the university 
- A holistic, systemic and interdisciplinary vision <br/> is necessary 
- Technology must be considered in <br/> its socio-technical context
- True interdisciplinarity is fundamental <br/>*(let's take the risk)*
- Community integration is indispensable, <br/>it's about **co-building solutions**. 


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# Thanks..

### cruzsanc@univ-lorraine.fr