The Illuminate\Support\Collection
class provides a fluent, convenient wrapper for working with arrays of data. For example, check out the following code. We'll use the collect
helper to create a new collection instance from the array, run the strtoupper
function on each element, and then remove all empty elements:
$collection = collect(['taylor', 'abigail', null])->map(function ($name) {
return strtoupper($name);
})
->reject(function ($name) {
return empty($name);
});
As you can see, the Collection
class allows you to chain its methods to perform fluent mapping and reducing of the underlying array. In general, collections are immutable, meaning every Collection
method returns an entirely new Collection
instance.
As mentioned above, the collect
helper returns a new Illuminate\Support\Collection
instance for the given array. So, creating a collection is as simple as:
$collection = collect([1, 2, 3]);
{tip} The results of Eloquent queries are always returned as
Collection
instances.
Collections are "macroable", which allows you to add additional methods to the Collection
class at run time. For example, the following code adds a toUpper
method to the Collection
class:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
Collection::macro('toUpper', function () {
return $this->map(function ($value) {
return Str::upper($value);
});
});
$collection = collect(['first', 'second']);
$upper = $collection->toUpper();
// ['FIRST', 'SECOND']
Typically, you should declare collection macros in a service provider.
For the remainder of this documentation, we'll discuss each method available on the Collection
class. Remember, all of these methods may be chained to fluently manipulate the underlying array. Furthermore, almost every method returns a new Collection
instance, allowing you to preserve the original copy of the collection when necessary:
all average avg chunk collapse combine concat contains containsStrict count countBy crossJoin dd diff diffAssoc diffKeys dump duplicates duplicatesStrict each eachSpread every except filter first firstWhere flatMap flatten flip forget forPage get groupBy has implode intersect intersectByKeys isEmpty isNotEmpty join keyBy keys last macro make map mapInto mapSpread mapToGroups mapWithKeys max median merge mergeRecursive min mode nth only pad partition pipe pluck pop prepend pull push put random reduce reject replace replaceRecursive reverse search shift shuffle slice some sort sortBy sortByDesc sortKeys sortKeysDesc splice split sum take tap times toArray toJson transform union unique uniqueStrict unless unlessEmpty unlessNotEmpty unwrap values when whenEmpty whenNotEmpty where whereStrict whereBetween whereIn whereInStrict whereInstanceOf whereNotBetween whereNotIn whereNotInStrict wrap zip
The all
method returns the underlying array represented by the collection:
collect([1, 2, 3])->all();
// [1, 2, 3]
Alias for the avg
method.
The avg
method returns the average value of a given key:
$average = collect([['foo' => 10], ['foo' => 10], ['foo' => 20], ['foo' => 40]])->avg('foo');
// 20
$average = collect([1, 1, 2, 4])->avg();
// 2
The chunk
method breaks the collection into multiple, smaller collections of a given size:
$collection = collect([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]);
$chunks = $collection->chunk(4);
$chunks->toArray();
// [[1, 2, 3, 4], [5, 6, 7]]
This method is especially useful in views when working with a grid system such as Bootstrap. Imagine you have a collection of Eloquent models you want to display in a grid:
@foreach ($products->chunk(3) as $chunk)
<div class="row">
@foreach ($chunk as $product)
<div class="col-xs-4">{{ $product->name }}</div>
@endforeach
</div>
@endforeach
The collapse
method collapses a collection of arrays into a single, flat collection:
$collection = collect([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]);
$collapsed = $collection->collapse();
$collapsed->all();
// [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
The combine
method combines the values of the collection, as keys, with the values of another array or collection:
$collection = collect(['name', 'age']);
$combined = $collection->combine(['George', 29]);
$combined->all();
// ['name' => 'George', 'age' => 29]
The concat
method appends the given array
or collection values onto the end of the collection:
$collection = collect(['John Doe']);
$concatenated = $collection->concat(['Jane Doe'])->concat(['name' => 'Johnny Doe']);
$concatenated->all();
// ['John Doe', 'Jane Doe', 'Johnny Doe']
The contains
method determines whether the collection contains a given item:
$collection = collect(['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100]);
$collection->contains('Desk');
// true
$collection->contains('New York');
// false
You may also pass a key / value pair to the contains
method, which will determine if the given pair exists in the collection:
$collection = collect([
['product' => 'Desk', 'price' => 200],
['product' => 'Chair', 'price' => 100],
]);
$collection->contains('product', 'Bookcase');
// false
Finally, you may also pass a callback to the contains
method to perform your own truth test:
$collection = collect([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
$collection->contains(function ($value, $key) {
return $value > 5;
});
// false
The contains
method uses "loose" comparisons when checking item values, meaning a string with an integer value will be considered equal to an integer of the same value. Use the containsStrict
method to filter using "strict" comparisons.
This method has the same signature as the contains
method; however, all values are compared using "strict" comparisons.
The count
method returns the total number of items in the collection:
$collection = collect([1, 2, 3, 4]);
$collection->count();
// 4
The countBy
method counts the occurrences of values in the collection. By default, the method counts the occurrences of every element:
$collection = collect([1, 2, 2, 2, 3]);
$counted = $collection->countBy();
$counted->all();
// [1 => 1, 2 => 3, 3 => 1]
However, you pass a callback to the countBy
method to count all items by a custom value:
$collection = collect(['[email protected]', '[email protected]', '[email protected]']);
$counted = $collection->countBy(function ($email) {
return substr(strrchr($email, "@"), 1);
});
$counted->all();
// ['gmail.com' => 2, 'yahoo.com' => 1]
The crossJoin
method cross joins the collection's values among the given arrays or collections, returning a Cartesian product with all possible permutations:
$collection = collect([1, 2]);
$matrix = $collection->crossJoin(['a', 'b']);
$matrix->all();
/*
[
[1, 'a'],
[1, 'b'],
[2, 'a'],
[2, 'b'],
]
*/
$collection = collect([1, 2]);
$matrix = $collection->crossJoin(['a', 'b'], ['I', 'II']);
$matrix->all();
/*
[
[1, 'a', 'I'],
[1, 'a', 'II'],
[1, 'b', 'I'],
[1, 'b', 'II'],
[2, 'a', 'I'],
[2, 'a', 'II'],
[2, 'b', 'I'],
[2, 'b', 'II'],
]
*/
The dd
method dumps the collection's items and ends execution of the script:
$collection = collect(['John Doe', 'Jane Doe']);
$collection->dd();
/*
Collection {
#items: array:2 [
0 => "John Doe"
1 => "Jane Doe"
]
}
*/
If you do not want to stop executing the script, use the dump
method instead.
The diff
method compares the collection against another collection or a plain PHP array
based on its values. This method will return the values in the original collection that are not present in the given collection:
$collection = collect([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
$diff = $collection->diff([2, 4, 6, 8]);
$diff->all();
// [1, 3, 5]
The diffAssoc
method compares the collection against another collection or a plain PHP array
based on its keys and values. This method will return the key / value pairs in the original collection that are not present in the given collection:
$collection = collect([
'color' => 'orange',
'type' => 'fruit',
'remain' => 6
]);
$diff = $collection->diffAssoc([
'color' => 'yellow',
'type' => 'fruit',
'remain' => 3,
'used' => 6
]);
$diff->all();
// ['color' => 'orange', 'remain' => 6]
The diffKeys
method compares the collection against another collection or a plain PHP array
based on its keys. This method will return the key / value pairs in the original collection that are not present in the given collection:
$collection = collect([
'one' => 10,
'two' => 20,
'three' => 30,
'four' => 40,
'five' => 50,
]);
$diff = $collection->diffKeys([
'two' => 2,
'four' => 4,
'six' => 6,
'eight' => 8,
]);
$diff->all();
// ['one' => 10, 'three' => 30, 'five' => 50]
The dump
method dumps the collection's items:
$collection = collect(['John Doe', 'Jane Doe']);
$collection->dump();
/*
Collection {
#items: array:2 [
0 => "John Doe"
1 => "Jane Doe"
]
}
*/
If you want to stop executing the script after dumping the collection, use the dd
method instead.
The duplicates
method retrieves and returns duplicate values from the collection:
$collection = collect(['a', 'b', 'a', 'c', 'b']);
$collection->duplicates();
// [2 => 'a', 4 => 'b']
If the collection contains arrays or objects, you can pass the key of the attributes that you wish to check for duplicate values:
$employees = collect([
['email' => '[email protected]', 'position' => 'Developer'],
['email' => '[email protected]', 'position' => 'Designer'],
['email' => '[email protected]', 'position' => 'Developer'],
])
$employees->duplicates('position');
// [2 => 'Developer']
This method has the same signature as the duplicates
method; however, all values are compared using "strict" comparisons.
The each
method iterates over the items in the collection and passes each item to a callback:
$collection->each(function ($item, $key) {
//
});
If you would like to stop iterating through the items, you may return false
from your callback:
$collection->each(function ($item, $key) {
if (/* some condition */) {
return false;
}
});
The eachSpread
method iterates over the collection's items, passing each nested item value into the given callback:
$collection = collect([['John Doe', 35], ['Jane Doe', 33]]);
$collection->eachSpread(function ($name, $age) {
//
});
You may stop iterating through the items by returning false
from the callback:
$collection->eachSpread(function ($name, $age) {
return false;
});
The every
method may be used to verify that all elements of a collection pass a given truth test:
collect([1, 2, 3, 4])->every(function ($value, $key) {
return $value > 2;
});
// false
If the collection is empty, every
will return true:
$collection = collect([]);
$collection->every(function($value, $key) {
return $value > 2;
});
// true
The except
method returns all items in the collection except for those with the specified keys:
$collection = collect(['product_id' => 1, 'price' => 100, 'discount' => false]);
$filtered = $collection->except(['price', 'discount']);
$filtered->all();
// ['product_id' => 1]
For the inverse of except
, see the only method.
The filter
method filters the collection using the given callback, keeping only those items that pass a given truth test:
$collection = collect([1, 2, 3, 4]);
$filtered = $collection->filter(function ($value, $key) {
return $value > 2;
});
$filtered->all();
// [3, 4]
If no callback is supplied, all entries of the collection that are equivalent to false
will be removed:
$collection = collect([1, 2, 3, null, false, '', 0, []]);
$collection->filter()->all();
// [1, 2, 3]
For the inverse of filter
, see the reject method.
The first
method returns the first element in the collection that passes a given truth test:
collect([1, 2, 3, 4])->first(function ($value, $key) {
return $value > 2;
});
// 3
You may also call the first
method with no arguments to get the first element in the collection. If the collection is empty, null
is returned:
collect([1, 2, 3, 4])->first();
// 1
The firstWhere
method returns the first element in the collection with the given key / value pair:
$collection = collect([
['name' => 'Regena', 'age' => null],
['name' => 'Linda', 'age' => 14],
['name' => 'Diego', 'age' => 23],
['name' => 'Linda', 'age' => 84],
]);
$collection->firstWhere('name', 'Linda');
// ['name' => 'Linda', 'age' => 14]
You may also call the firstWhere
method with an operator:
$collection->firstWhere('age', '>=', 18);
// ['name' => 'Diego', 'age' => 23]
Like the where method, you may pass one argument to the firstWhere
method. In this scenario, the firstWhere
method will return the first item where the given item key's value is "truthy":
$collection->firstWhere('age');
// ['name' => 'Linda', 'age' => 14]
The flatMap
method iterates through the collection and passes each value to the given callback. The callback is free to modify the item and return it, thus forming a new collection of modified items. Then, the array is flattened by a level:
$collection = collect([
['name' => 'Sally'],
['school' => 'Arkansas'],
['age' => 28]
]);
$flattened = $collection->flatMap(function ($values) {
return array_map('strtoupper', $values);
});
$flattened->all();
// ['name' => 'SALLY', 'school' => 'ARKANSAS', 'age' => '28'];
The flatten
method flattens a multi-dimensional collection into a single dimension:
$collection = collect(['name' => 'taylor', 'languages' => ['php', 'javascript']]);
$flattened = $collection->flatten();
$flattened->all();
// ['taylor', 'php', 'javascript'];
You may optionally pass the function a "depth" argument:
$collection = collect([
'Apple' => [
['name' => 'iPhone 6S', 'brand' => 'Apple'],
],
'Samsung' => [
['name' => 'Galaxy S7', 'brand' => 'Samsung']
],
]);
$products = $collection->flatten(1);
$products->values()->all();
/*
[
['name' => 'iPhone 6S', 'brand' => 'Apple'],
['name' => 'Galaxy S7', 'brand' => 'Samsung'],
]
*/
In this example, calling flatten
without providing the depth would have also flattened the nested arrays, resulting in ['iPhone 6S', 'Apple', 'Galaxy S7', 'Samsung']
. Providing a depth allows you to restrict the levels of nested arrays that will be flattened.
The flip
method swaps the collection's keys with their corresponding values:
$collection = collect(['name' => 'taylor', 'framework' => 'laravel']);
$flipped = $collection->flip();
$flipped->all();
// ['taylor' => 'name', 'laravel' => 'framework']
The forget
method removes an item from the collection by its key:
$collection = collect(['name' => 'taylor', 'framework' => 'laravel']);
$collection->forget('name');
$collection->all();
// ['framework' => 'laravel']
{note} Unlike most other collection methods,
forget
does not return a new modified collection; it modifies the collection it is called on.
The forPage
method returns a new collection containing the items that would be present on a given page number. The method accepts the page number as its first argument and the number of items to show per page as its second argument:
$collection = collect([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]);
$chunk = $collection->forPage(2, 3);
$chunk->all();
// [4, 5, 6]
The get
method returns the item at a given key. If the key does not exist, null
is returned:
$collection = collect(['name' => 'taylor', 'framework' => 'laravel']);
$value = $collection->get('name');
// taylor
You may optionally pass a default value as the second argument:
$collection = collect(['name' => 'taylor', 'framework' => 'laravel']);
$value = $collection->get('foo', 'default-value');
// default-value
You may even pass a callback as the default value. The result of the callback will be returned if the specified key does not exist:
$collection->get('email', function () {
return 'default-value';
});
// default-value
The groupBy
method groups the collection's items by a given key:
$collection = collect([
['account_id' => 'account-x10', 'product' => 'Chair'],
['account_id' => 'account-x10', 'product' => 'Bookcase'],
['account_id' => 'account-x11', 'product' => 'Desk'],
]);
$grouped = $collection->groupBy('account_id');
$grouped->toArray();
/*
[
'account-x10' => [
['account_id' => 'account-x10', 'product' => 'Chair'],
['account_id' => 'account-x10', 'product' => 'Bookcase'],
],
'account-x11' => [
['account_id' => 'account-x11', 'product' => 'Desk'],
],
]
*/
Instead of passing a string key
, you may pass a callback. The callback should return the value you wish to key the group by:
$grouped = $collection->groupBy(function ($item, $key) {
return substr($item['account_id'], -3);
});
$grouped->toArray();
/*
[
'x10' => [
['account_id' => 'account-x10', 'product' => 'Chair'],
['account_id' => 'account-x10', 'product' => 'Bookcase'],
],
'x11' => [
['account_id' => 'account-x11', 'product' => 'Desk'],
],
]
*/
Multiple grouping criteria may be passed as an array. Each array element will be applied to the corresponding level within a multi-dimensional array:
$data = new Collection([
10 => ['user' => 1, 'skill' => 1, 'roles' => ['Role_1', 'Role_3']],
20 => ['user' => 2, 'skill' => 1, 'roles' => ['Role_1', 'Role_2']],
30 => ['user' => 3, 'skill' => 2, 'roles' => ['Role_1']],
40 => ['user' => 4, 'skill' => 2, 'roles' => ['Role_2']],
]);
$result = $data->groupBy([
'skill',
function ($item) {
return $item['roles'];
},
], $preserveKeys = true);
/*
[
1 => [
'Role_1' => [
10 => ['user' => 1, 'skill' => 1, 'roles' => ['Role_1', 'Role_3']],
20 => ['user' => 2, 'skill' => 1, 'roles' => ['Role_1', 'Role_2']],
],
'Role_2' => [
20 => ['user' => 2, 'skill' => 1, 'roles' => ['Role_1', 'Role_2']],
],
'Role_3' => [
10 => ['user' => 1, 'skill' => 1, 'roles' => ['Role_1', 'Role_3']],
],
],
2 => [
'Role_1' => [
30 => ['user' => 3, 'skill' => 2, 'roles' => ['Role_1']],
],
'Role_2' => [
40 => ['user' => 4, 'skill' => 2, 'roles' => ['Role_2']],
],
],
];
*/
The has
method determines if a given key exists in the collection:
$collection = collect(['account_id' => 1, 'product' => 'Desk', 'amount' => 5]);
$collection->has('product');
// true
$collection->has(['product', 'amount']);
// true
$collection->has(['amount', 'price']);
// false
The implode
method joins the items in a collection. Its arguments depend on the type of items in the collection. If the collection contains arrays or objects, you should pass the key of the attributes you wish to join, and the "glue" string you wish to place between the values:
$collection = collect([
['account_id' => 1, 'product' => 'Desk'],
['account_id' => 2, 'product' => 'Chair'],
]);
$collection->implode('product', ', ');
// Desk, Chair
If the collection contains simple strings or numeric values, pass the "glue" as the only argument to the method:
collect([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])->implode('-');
// '1-2-3-4-5'
The intersect
method removes any values from the original collection that are not present in the given array
or collection. The resulting collection will preserve the original collection's keys:
$collection = collect(['Desk', 'Sofa', 'Chair']);
$intersect = $collection->intersect(['Desk', 'Chair', 'Bookcase']);
$intersect->all();
// [0 => 'Desk', 2 => 'Chair']
The intersectByKeys
method removes any keys from the original collection that are not present in the given array
or collection:
$collection = collect([
'serial' => 'UX301', 'type' => 'screen', 'year' => 2009
]);
$intersect = $collection->intersectByKeys([
'reference' => 'UX404', 'type' => 'tab', 'year' => 2011
]);
$intersect->all();
// ['type' => 'screen', 'year' => 2009]
The isEmpty
method returns true
if the collection is empty; otherwise, false
is returned:
collect([])->isEmpty();
// true
The isNotEmpty
method returns true
if the collection is not empty; otherwise, false
is returned:
collect([])->isNotEmpty();
// false
The join
method joins the collection's values with a string:
collect(['a', 'b', 'c'])->join(', '); // 'a, b, c'
collect(['a', 'b', 'c'])->join(', ', ', and '); // 'a, b, and c'
collect(['a', 'b'])->join(', ', ' and '); // 'a and b'
collect(['a'])->join(', ', ' and '); // 'a'
collect([])->join(', ', ' and '); // ''
The keyBy
method keys the collection by the given key. If multiple items have the same key, only the last one will appear in the new collection:
$collection = collect([
['product_id' => 'prod-100', 'name' => 'Desk'],
['product_id' => 'prod-200', 'name' => 'Chair'],
]);
$keyed = $collection->keyBy('product_id');
$keyed->all();
/*
[
'prod-100' => ['product_id' => 'prod-100', 'name' => 'Desk'],
'prod-200' => ['product_id' => 'prod-200', 'name' => 'Chair'],
]
*/
You may also pass a callback to the method. The callback should return the value to key the collection by:
$keyed = $collection->keyBy(function ($item) {
return strtoupper($item['product_id']);
});
$keyed->all();
/*
[
'PROD-100' => ['product_id' => 'prod-100', 'name' => 'Desk'],
'PROD-200' => ['product_id' => 'prod-200', 'name' => 'Chair'],
]
*/
The keys
method returns all of the collection's keys:
$collection = collect([
'prod-100' => ['product_id' => 'prod-100', 'name' => 'Desk'],
'prod-200' => ['product_id' => 'prod-200', 'name' => 'Chair'],
]);
$keys = $collection->keys();
$keys->all();
// ['prod-100', 'prod-200']
The last
method returns the last element in the collection that passes a given truth test:
collect([1, 2, 3, 4])->last(function ($value, $key) {
return $value < 3;
});
// 2
You may also call the last
method with no arguments to get the last element in the collection. If the collection is empty, null
is returned:
collect([1, 2, 3, 4])->last();
// 4
The static macro
method allows you to add methods to the Collection
class at run time. Refer to the documentation on extending collections for more information.
The static make
method creates a new collection instance. See the Creating Collections section.
The map
method iterates through the collection and passes each value to the given callback. The callback is free to modify the item and return it, thus forming a new collection of modified items:
$collection = collect([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
$multiplied = $collection->map(function ($item, $key) {
return $item * 2;
});
$multiplied->all();
// [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]
{note} Like most other collection methods,
map
returns a new collection instance; it does not modify the collection it is called on. If you want to transform the original collection, use thetransform
method.
The mapInto()
method iterates over the collection, creating a new instance of the given class by passing the value into the constructor:
class Currency
{
/**
* Create a new currency instance.
*
* @param string $code
* @return void
*/
function __construct(string $code)
{
$this->code = $code;
}
}
$collection = collect(['USD', 'EUR', 'GBP']);
$currencies = $collection->mapInto(Currency::class);
$currencies->all();
// [Currency('USD'), Currency('EUR'), Currency('GBP')]
The mapSpread
method iterates over the collection's items, passing each nested item value into the given callback. The callback is free to modify the item and return it, thus forming a new collection of modified items:
$collection = collect([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]);
$chunks = $collection->chunk(2);
$sequence = $chunks->mapSpread(function ($even, $odd) {
return $even + $odd;
});
$sequence->all();
// [1, 5, 9, 13, 17]
The mapToGroups
method groups the collection's items by the given callback. The callback should return an associative array containing a single key / value pair, thus forming a new collection of grouped values:
$collection = collect([
[
'name' => 'John Doe',
'department' => 'Sales',
],
[
'name' => 'Jane Doe',
'department' => 'Sales',
],
[
'name' => 'Johnny Doe',
'department' => 'Marketing',
]
]);
$grouped = $collection->mapToGroups(function ($item, $key) {
return [$item['department'] => $item['name']];
});
$grouped->toArray();
/*
[
'Sales' => ['John Doe', 'Jane Doe'],
'Marketing' => ['Johnny Doe'],
]
*/
$grouped->get('Sales')->all();
// ['John Doe', 'Jane Doe']
The mapWithKeys
method iterates through the collection and passes each value to the given callback. The callback should return an associative array containing a single key / value pair:
$collection = collect([
[
'name' => 'John',
'department' => 'Sales',
'email' => '[email protected]'
],
[
'name' => 'Jane',
'department' => 'Marketing',
'email' => '[email protected]'
]
]);
$keyed = $collection->mapWithKeys(function ($item) {
return [$item['email'] => $item['name']];
});
$keyed->all();
/*
[
'[email protected]' => 'John',
'[email protected]' => 'Jane',
]
*/
The max
method returns the maximum value of a given key:
$max = collect([['foo' => 10], ['foo' => 20]])->max('foo');
// 20
$max = collect([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])->max();
// 5
The median
method returns the median value of a given key:
$median = collect([['foo' => 10], ['foo' => 10], ['foo' => 20], ['foo' => 40]])->median('foo');
// 15
$median = collect([1, 1, 2, 4])->median();
// 1.5
The merge
method merges the given array or collection with the original collection. If a string key in the given items matches a string key in the original collection, the given items's value will overwrite the value in the original collection:
$collection = collect(['product_id' => 1, 'price' => 100]);
$merged = $collection->merge(['price' => 200, 'discount' => false]);
$merged->all();
// ['product_id' => 1, 'price' => 200, 'discount' => false]
If the given items's keys are numeric, the values will be appended to the end of the collection:
$collection = collect(['Desk', 'Chair']);
$merged = $collection->merge(['Bookcase', 'Door']);
$merged->all();
// ['Desk', 'Chair', 'Bookcase', 'Door']
The mergeRecursive
method merges the given array or collection recursively with the original collection. If a string key in the given items matches a string key in the original collection, then the values for these keys are merged together into an array, and this is done recursively:
$collection = collect(['product_id' => 1, 'price' => 100]);
$merged = $collection->mergeRecursive(['product_id' => 2, 'price' => 200, 'discount' => false]);
$merged->all();
// ['product_id' => [1, 2], 'price' => [100, 200], 'discount' => false]
The min
method returns the minimum value of a given key:
$min = collect([['foo' => 10], ['foo' => 20]])->min('foo');
// 10
$min = collect([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])->min();
// 1
The mode
method returns the mode value of a given key:
$mode = collect([['foo' => 10], ['foo' => 10], ['foo' => 20], ['foo' => 40]])->mode('foo');
// [10]
$mode = collect([1, 1, 2, 4])->mode();
// [1]
The nth
method creates a new collection consisting of every n-th element:
$collection = collect(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f']);
$collection->nth(4);
// ['a', 'e']
You may optionally pass an offset as the second argument:
$collection->nth(4, 1);
// ['b', 'f']
The only
method returns the items in the collection with the specified keys:
$collection = collect(['product_id' => 1, 'name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100, 'discount' => false]);
$filtered = $collection->only(['product_id', 'name']);
$filtered->all();
// ['product_id' => 1, 'name' => 'Desk']
For the inverse of only
, see the except method.
The pad
method will fill the array with the given value until the array reaches the specified size. This method behaves like the array_pad PHP function.
To pad to the left, you should specify a negative size. No padding will take place if the absolute value of the given size is less than or equal to the length of the array:
$collection = collect(['A', 'B', 'C']);
$filtered = $collection->pad(5, 0);
$filtered->all();
// ['A', 'B', 'C', 0, 0]
$filtered = $collection->pad(-5, 0);
$filtered->all();
// [0, 0, 'A', 'B', 'C']
The partition
method may be combined with the list
PHP function to separate elements that pass a given truth test from those that do not:
$collection = collect([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]);
list($underThree, $equalOrAboveThree) = $collection->partition(function ($i) {
return $i < 3;
});
$underThree->all();
// [1, 2]
$equalOrAboveThree->all();
// [3, 4, 5, 6]
The pipe
method passes the collection to the given callback and returns the result:
$collection = collect([1, 2, 3]);
$piped = $collection->pipe(function ($collection) {
return $collection->sum();
});
// 6
The pluck
method retrieves all of the values for a given key:
$collection = collect([
['product_id' => 'prod-100', 'name' => 'Desk'],
['product_id' => 'prod-200', 'name' => 'Chair'],
]);
$plucked = $collection->pluck('name');
$plucked->all();
// ['Desk', 'Chair']
You may also specify how you wish the resulting collection to be keyed:
$plucked = $collection->pluck('name', 'product_id');
$plucked->all();
// ['prod-100' => 'Desk', 'prod-200' => 'Chair']
If duplicate keys exist, the last matching element will be inserted into the plucked collection:
$collection = collect([
['brand' => 'Tesla', 'color' => 'red'],
['brand' => 'Pagani', 'color' => 'white'],
['brand' => 'Tesla', 'color' => 'black'],
['brand' => 'Pagani', 'color' => 'orange'],
]);
$plucked = $collection->pluck('color', 'brand');
$plucked->all();
// ['Tesla' => 'black', 'Pagani' => 'orange']
The pop
method removes and returns the last item from the collection:
$collection = collect([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
$collection->pop();
// 5
$collection->all();
// [1, 2, 3, 4]
The prepend
method adds an item to the beginning of the collection:
$collection = collect([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
$collection->prepend(0);
$collection->all();
// [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
You may also pass a second argument to set the key of the prepended item:
$collection = collect(['one' => 1, 'two' => 2]);
$collection->prepend(0, 'zero');
$collection->all();
// ['zero' => 0, 'one' => 1, 'two' => 2]
The pull
method removes and returns an item from the collection by its key:
$collection = collect(['product_id' => 'prod-100', 'name' => 'Desk']);
$collection->pull('name');
// 'Desk'
$collection->all();
// ['product_id' => 'prod-100']
The push
method appends an item to the end of the collection:
$collection = collect([1, 2, 3, 4]);
$collection->push(5);
$collection->all();
// [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
The put
method sets the given key and value in the collection:
$collection = collect(['product_id' => 1, 'name' => 'Desk']);
$collection->put('price', 100);
$collection->all();
// ['product_id' => 1, 'name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100]
The random
method returns a random item from the collection:
$collection = collect([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
$collection->random();
// 4 - (retrieved randomly)
You may optionally pass an integer to random
to specify how many items you would like to randomly retrieve. A collection of items is always returned when explicitly passing the number of items you wish to receive:
$random = $collection->random(3);
$random->all();
// [2, 4, 5] - (retrieved randomly)
If the Collection has fewer items than requested, the method will throw an InvalidArgumentException
.
The reduce
method reduces the collection to a single value, passing the result of each iteration into the subsequent iteration:
$collection = collect([1, 2, 3]);
$total = $collection->reduce(function ($carry, $item) {
return $carry + $item;
});
// 6
The value for $carry
on the first iteration is null
; however, you may specify its initial value by passing a second argument to reduce
:
$collection->reduce(function ($carry, $item) {
return $carry + $item;
}, 4);
// 10
The reject
method filters the collection using the given callback. The callback should return true
if the item should be removed from the resulting collection:
$collection = collect([1, 2, 3, 4]);
$filtered = $collection->reject(function ($value, $key) {
return $value > 2;
});
$filtered->all();
// [1, 2]
For the inverse of the reject
method, see the filter
method.
The replace
method behaves similarly to merge
; however, in addition to overwriting matching items with string keys, the replace
method will also overwrite items in the collection that have matching numeric keys:
$collection = collect(['Taylor', 'Abigail', 'James']);
$replaced = $collection->replace([1 => 'Victoria', 3 => 'Finn']);
$replaced->all();
// ['Taylor', 'Victoria', 'James', 'Finn']
This method works like replace
, but it will recurse into arrays and apply the same replacement process to the inner values:
$collection = collect(['Taylor', 'Abigail', ['James', 'Victoria', 'Finn']]);
$replaced = $collection->replaceRecursive(['Charlie', 2 => [1 => 'King']]);
$replaced->all();
// ['Charlie', 'Abigail', ['James', 'King', 'Finn']]
The reverse
method reverses the order of the collection's items, preserving the original keys:
$collection = collect(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']);
$reversed = $collection->reverse();
$reversed->all();
/*
[
4 => 'e',
3 => 'd',
2 => 'c',
1 => 'b',
0 => 'a',
]
*/
The search
method searches the collection for the given value and returns its key if found. If the item is not found, false
is returned.
$collection = collect([2, 4, 6, 8]);
$collection->search(4);
// 1
The search is done using a "loose" comparison, meaning a string with an integer value will be considered equal to an integer of the same value. To use "strict" comparison, pass true
as the second argument to the method:
$collection->search('4', true);
// false
Alternatively, you may pass in your own callback to search for the first item that passes your truth test:
$collection->search(function ($item, $key) {
return $item > 5;
});
// 2
The shift
method removes and returns the first item from the collection:
$collection = collect([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
$collection->shift();
// 1
$collection->all();
// [2, 3, 4, 5]
The shuffle
method randomly shuffles the items in the collection:
$collection = collect([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
$shuffled = $collection->shuffle();
$shuffled->all();
// [3, 2, 5, 1, 4] - (generated randomly)
The slice
method returns a slice of the collection starting at the given index:
$collection = collect([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]);
$slice = $collection->slice(4);
$slice->all();
// [5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
If you would like to limit the size of the returned slice, pass the desired size as the second argument to the method:
$slice = $collection->slice(4, 2);
$slice->all();
// [5, 6]
The returned slice will preserve keys by default. If you do not wish to preserve the original keys, you can use the values
method to reindex them.
Alias for the contains
method.
The sort
method sorts the collection. The sorted collection keeps the original array keys, so in this example we'll use the values
method to reset the keys to consecutively numbered indexes:
$collection = collect([5, 3, 1, 2, 4]);
$sorted = $collection->sort();
$sorted->values()->all();
// [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
If your sorting needs are more advanced, you may pass a callback to sort
with your own algorithm. Refer to the PHP documentation on uasort
, which is what the collection's sort
method calls under the hood.
{tip} If you need to sort a collection of nested arrays or objects, see the
sortBy
andsortByDesc
methods.
The sortBy
method sorts the collection by the given key. The sorted collection keeps the original array keys, so in this example we'll use the values
method to reset the keys to consecutively numbered indexes:
$collection = collect([
['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 200],
['name' => 'Chair', 'price' => 100],
['name' => 'Bookcase', 'price' => 150],
]);
$sorted = $collection->sortBy('price');
$sorted->values()->all();
/*
[
['name' => 'Chair', 'price' => 100],
['name' => 'Bookcase', 'price' => 150],
['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 200],
]
*/
You can also pass your own callback to determine how to sort the collection values:
$collection = collect([
['name' => 'Desk', 'colors' => ['Black', 'Mahogany']],
['name' => 'Chair', 'colors' => ['Black']],
['name' => 'Bookcase', 'colors' => ['Red', 'Beige', 'Brown']],
]);
$sorted = $collection->sortBy(function ($product, $key) {
return count($product['colors']);
});
$sorted->values()->all();
/*
[
['name' => 'Chair', 'colors' => ['Black']],
['name' => 'Desk', 'colors' => ['Black', 'Mahogany']],
['name' => 'Bookcase', 'colors' => ['Red', 'Beige', 'Brown']],
]
*/
This method has the same signature as the sortBy
method, but will sort the collection in the opposite order.
The sortKeys
method sorts the collection by the keys of the underlying associative array:
$collection = collect([
'id' => 22345,
'first' => 'John',
'last' => 'Doe',
]);
$sorted = $collection->sortKeys();
$sorted->all();
/*
[
'first' => 'John',
'id' => 22345,
'last' => 'Doe',
]
*/
This method has the same signature as the sortKeys
method, but will sort the collection in the opposite order.
The splice
method removes and returns a slice of items starting at the specified index:
$collection = collect([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
$chunk = $collection->splice(2);
$chunk->all();
// [3, 4, 5]
$collection->all();
// [1, 2]
You may pass a second argument to limit the size of the resulting chunk:
$collection = collect([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
$chunk = $collection->splice(2, 1);
$chunk->all();
// [3]
$collection->all();
// [1, 2, 4, 5]
In addition, you can pass a third argument containing the new items to replace the items removed from the collection:
$collection = collect([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
$chunk = $collection->splice(2, 1, [10, 11]);
$chunk->all();
// [3]
$collection->all();
// [1, 2, 10, 11, 4, 5]
The split
method breaks a collection into the given number of groups:
$collection = collect([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
$groups = $collection->split(3);
$groups->toArray();
// [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5]]
The sum
method returns the sum of all items in the collection:
collect([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])->sum();
// 15
If the collection contains nested arrays or objects, you should pass a key to use for determining which values to sum:
$collection = collect([
['name' => 'JavaScript: The Good Parts', 'pages' => 176],
['name' => 'JavaScript: The Definitive Guide', 'pages' => 1096],
]);
$collection->sum('pages');
// 1272
In addition, you may pass your own callback to determine which values of the collection to sum:
$collection = collect([
['name' => 'Chair', 'colors' => ['Black']],
['name' => 'Desk', 'colors' => ['Black', 'Mahogany']],
['name' => 'Bookcase', 'colors' => ['Red', 'Beige', 'Brown']],
]);
$collection->sum(function ($product) {
return count($product['colors']);
});
// 6
The take
method returns a new collection with the specified number of items:
$collection = collect([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
$chunk = $collection->take(3);
$chunk->all();
// [0, 1, 2]
You may also pass a negative integer to take the specified amount of items from the end of the collection:
$collection = collect([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
$chunk = $collection->take(-2);
$chunk->all();
// [4, 5]
The tap
method passes the collection to the given callback, allowing you to "tap" into the collection at a specific point and do something with the items while not affecting the collection itself:
collect([2, 4, 3, 1, 5])
->sort()
->tap(function ($collection) {
Log::debug('Values after sorting', $collection->values()->toArray());
})
->shift();
// 1
The static times
method creates a new collection by invoking the callback a given amount of times:
$collection = Collection::times(10, function ($number) {
return $number * 9;
});
$collection->all();
// [9, 18, 27, 36, 45, 54, 63, 72, 81, 90]
This method can be useful when combined with factories to create Eloquent models:
$categories = Collection::times(3, function ($number) {
return factory(Category::class)->create(['name' => "Category No. $number"]);
});
$categories->all();
/*
[
['id' => 1, 'name' => 'Category #1'],
['id' => 2, 'name' => 'Category #2'],
['id' => 3, 'name' => 'Category #3'],
]
*/
The toArray
method converts the collection into a plain PHP array
. If the collection's values are Eloquent models, the models will also be converted to arrays:
$collection = collect(['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 200]);
$collection->toArray();
/*
[
['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 200],
]
*/
{note}
toArray
also converts all of the collection's nested objects that are an instance ofArrayable
to an array. If you want to get the raw underlying array, use theall
method instead.
The toJson
method converts the collection into a JSON serialized string:
$collection = collect(['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 200]);
$collection->toJson();
// '{"name":"Desk", "price":200}'
The transform
method iterates over the collection and calls the given callback with each item in the collection. The items in the collection will be replaced by the values returned by the callback:
$collection = collect([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
$collection->transform(function ($item, $key) {
return $item * 2;
});
$collection->all();
// [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]
{note} Unlike most other collection methods,
transform
modifies the collection itself. If you wish to create a new collection instead, use themap
method.
The union
method adds the given array to the collection. If the given array contains keys that are already in the original collection, the original collection's values will be preferred:
$collection = collect([1 => ['a'], 2 => ['b']]);
$union = $collection->union([3 => ['c'], 1 => ['b']]);
$union->all();
// [1 => ['a'], 2 => ['b'], 3 => ['c']]
The unique
method returns all of the unique items in the collection. The returned collection keeps the original array keys, so in this example we'll use the values
method to reset the keys to consecutively numbered indexes:
$collection = collect([1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 2]);
$unique = $collection->unique();
$unique->values()->all();
// [1, 2, 3, 4]
When dealing with nested arrays or objects, you may specify the key used to determine uniqueness:
$collection = collect([
['name' => 'iPhone 6', 'brand' => 'Apple', 'type' => 'phone'],
['name' => 'iPhone 5', 'brand' => 'Apple', 'type' => 'phone'],
['name' => 'Apple Watch', 'brand' => 'Apple', 'type' => 'watch'],
['name' => 'Galaxy S6', 'brand' => 'Samsung', 'type' => 'phone'],
['name' => 'Galaxy Gear', 'brand' => 'Samsung', 'type' => 'watch'],
]);
$unique = $collection->unique('brand');
$unique->values()->all();
/*
[
['name' => 'iPhone 6', 'brand' => 'Apple', 'type' => 'phone'],
['name' => 'Galaxy S6', 'brand' => 'Samsung', 'type' => 'phone'],
]
*/
You may also pass your own callback to determine item uniqueness:
$unique = $collection->unique(function ($item) {
return $item['brand'].$item['type'];
});
$unique->values()->all();
/*
[
['name' => 'iPhone 6', 'brand' => 'Apple', 'type' => 'phone'],
['name' => 'Apple Watch', 'brand' => 'Apple', 'type' => 'watch'],
['name' => 'Galaxy S6', 'brand' => 'Samsung', 'type' => 'phone'],
['name' => 'Galaxy Gear', 'brand' => 'Samsung', 'type' => 'watch'],
]
*/
The unique
method uses "loose" comparisons when checking item values, meaning a string with an integer value will be considered equal to an integer of the same value. Use the uniqueStrict
method to filter using "strict" comparisons.
This method has the same signature as the unique
method; however, all values are compared using "strict" comparisons.
The unless
method will execute the given callback unless the first argument given to the method evaluates to true
:
$collection = collect([1, 2, 3]);
$collection->unless(true, function ($collection) {
return $collection->push(4);
});
$collection->unless(false, function ($collection) {
return $collection->push(5);
});
$collection->all();
// [1, 2, 3, 5]
For the inverse of unless
, see the when
method.
Alias for the whenNotEmpty
method.
Alias for the whenEmpty
method.
The static unwrap
method returns the collection's underlying items from the given value when applicable:
Collection::unwrap(collect('John Doe'));
// ['John Doe']
Collection::unwrap(['John Doe']);
// ['John Doe']
Collection::unwrap('John Doe');
// 'John Doe'
The values
method returns a new collection with the keys reset to consecutive integers:
$collection = collect([
10 => ['product' => 'Desk', 'price' => 200],
11 => ['product' => 'Desk', 'price' => 200]
]);
$values = $collection->values();
$values->all();
/*
[
0 => ['product' => 'Desk', 'price' => 200],
1 => ['product' => 'Desk', 'price' => 200],
]
*/
The when
method will execute the given callback when the first argument given to the method evaluates to true
:
$collection = collect([1, 2, 3]);
$collection->when(true, function ($collection) {
return $collection->push(4);
});
$collection->when(false, function ($collection) {
return $collection->push(5);
});
$collection->all();
// [1, 2, 3, 4]
For the inverse of when
, see the unless
method.
The whenEmpty
method will execute the given callback when the collection is empty:
$collection = collect(['michael', 'tom']);
$collection->whenEmpty(function ($collection) {
return $collection->push('adam');
});
$collection->all();
// ['michael', 'tom']
$collection = collect();
$collection->whenEmpty(function ($collection) {
return $collection->push('adam');
});
$collection->all();
// ['adam']
$collection = collect(['michael', 'tom']);
$collection->whenEmpty(function($collection) {
return $collection->push('adam');
}, function($collection) {
return $collection->push('taylor');
});
$collection->all();
// ['michael', 'tom', 'taylor']
For the inverse of whenEmpty
, see the whenNotEmpty
method.
The whenNotEmpty
method will execute the given callback when the collection is not empty:
$collection = collect(['michael', 'tom']);
$collection->whenNotEmpty(function ($collection) {
return $collection->push('adam');
});
$collection->all();
// ['michael', 'tom', 'adam']
$collection = collect();
$collection->whenNotEmpty(function ($collection) {
return $collection->push('adam');
});
$collection->all();
// []
$collection = collect();
$collection->whenNotEmpty(function($collection) {
return $collection->push('adam');
}, function($collection) {
return $collection->push('taylor');
});
$collection->all();
// ['taylor']
For the inverse of whenNotEmpty
, see the whenEmpty
method.
The where
method filters the collection by a given key / value pair:
$collection = collect([
['product' => 'Desk', 'price' => 200],
['product' => 'Chair', 'price' => 100],
['product' => 'Bookcase', 'price' => 150],
['product' => 'Door', 'price' => 100],
]);
$filtered = $collection->where('price', 100);
$filtered->all();
/*
[
['product' => 'Chair', 'price' => 100],
['product' => 'Door', 'price' => 100],
]
*/
The where
method uses "loose" comparisons when checking item values, meaning a string with an integer value will be considered equal to an integer of the same value. Use the whereStrict
method to filter using "strict" comparisons.
Optionally, you may pass a comparison operator as the second parameter.
$collection = collect([
['name' => 'Jim', 'deleted_at' => '2019-01-01 00:00:00'],
['name' => 'Sally', 'deleted_at' => '2019-01-02 00:00:00'],
['name' => 'Sue', 'deleted_at' => null],
]);
$filtered = $collection->where('deleted_at', '!=', null);
$filtered->all();
/*
[
['name' => 'Jim', 'deleted_at' => '2019-01-01 00:00:00'],
['name' => 'Sally', 'deleted_at' => '2019-01-02 00:00:00'],
]
*/
This method has the same signature as the where
method; however, all values are compared using "strict" comparisons.
The whereBetween
method filters the collection within a given range:
$collection = collect([
['product' => 'Desk', 'price' => 200],
['product' => 'Chair', 'price' => 80],
['product' => 'Bookcase', 'price' => 150],
['product' => 'Pencil', 'price' => 30],
['product' => 'Door', 'price' => 100],
]);
$filtered = $collection->whereBetween('price', [100, 200]);
$filtered->all();
/*
[
['product' => 'Desk', 'price' => 200],
['product' => 'Bookcase', 'price' => 150],
['product' => 'Door', 'price' => 100],
]
*/
The whereIn
method filters the collection by a given key / value contained within the given array:
$collection = collect([
['product' => 'Desk', 'price' => 200],
['product' => 'Chair', 'price' => 100],
['product' => 'Bookcase', 'price' => 150],
['product' => 'Door', 'price' => 100],
]);
$filtered = $collection->whereIn('price', [150, 200]);
$filtered->all();
/*
[
['product' => 'Bookcase', 'price' => 150],
['product' => 'Desk', 'price' => 200],
]
*/
The whereIn
method uses "loose" comparisons when checking item values, meaning a string with an integer value will be considered equal to an integer of the same value. Use the whereInStrict
method to filter using "strict" comparisons.
This method has the same signature as the whereIn
method; however, all values are compared using "strict" comparisons.
The whereInstanceOf
method filters the collection by a given class type:
$collection = collect([
new User,
new User,
new Post,
]);
return $collection->whereInstanceOf(User::class);
The whereNotBetween
method filters the collection within a given range:
$collection = collect([
['product' => 'Desk', 'price' => 200],
['product' => 'Chair', 'price' => 80],
['product' => 'Bookcase', 'price' => 150],
['product' => 'Pencil', 'price' => 30],
['product' => 'Door', 'price' => 100],
]);
$filtered = $collection->whereNotBetween('price', [100, 200]);
$filtered->all();
/*
[
['product' => 'Chair', 'price' => 80],
['product' => 'Pencil', 'price' => 30],
]
*/
The whereNotIn
method filters the collection by a given key / value not contained within the given array:
$collection = collect([
['product' => 'Desk', 'price' => 200],
['product' => 'Chair', 'price' => 100],
['product' => 'Bookcase', 'price' => 150],
['product' => 'Door', 'price' => 100],
]);
$filtered = $collection->whereNotIn('price', [150, 200]);
$filtered->all();
/*
[
['product' => 'Chair', 'price' => 100],
['product' => 'Door', 'price' => 100],
]
*/
The whereNotIn
method uses "loose" comparisons when checking item values, meaning a string with an integer value will be considered equal to an integer of the same value. Use the whereNotInStrict
method to filter using "strict" comparisons.
This method has the same signature as the whereNotIn
method; however, all values are compared using "strict" comparisons.
The static wrap
method wraps the given value in a collection when applicable:
$collection = Collection::wrap('John Doe');
$collection->all();
// ['John Doe']
$collection = Collection::wrap(['John Doe']);
$collection->all();
// ['John Doe']
$collection = Collection::wrap(collect('John Doe'));
$collection->all();
// ['John Doe']
The zip
method merges together the values of the given array with the values of the original collection at the corresponding index:
$collection = collect(['Chair', 'Desk']);
$zipped = $collection->zip([100, 200]);
$zipped->all();
// [['Chair', 100], ['Desk', 200]]
Collections also provide support for "higher order messages", which are short-cuts for performing common actions on collections. The collection methods that provide higher order messages are: average
, avg
, contains
, each
, every
, filter
, first
, flatMap
, groupBy
, keyBy
, map
, max
, min
, partition
, reject
, some
, sortBy
, sortByDesc
, sum
, and unique
.
Each higher order message can be accessed as a dynamic property on a collection instance. For instance, let's use the each
higher order message to call a method on each object within a collection:
$users = User::where('votes', '>', 500)->get();
$users->each->markAsVip();
Likewise, we can use the sum
higher order message to gather the total number of "votes" for a collection of users:
$users = User::where('group', 'Development')->get();
return $users->sum->votes;