diff --git a/CHANGES.rst b/CHANGES.rst
index 0d643c79..75dff837 100644
--- a/CHANGES.rst
+++ b/CHANGES.rst
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ Version 3.19.1 (2021-02-XX)
 ===========================
 
 * Allow ``pyarrow==3`` as a dependency.
+* Fix an issue with the cube index validation introduced in v3.19.0 (#413).
 
 Version 3.19.0 (2021-02-12)
 ===========================
diff --git a/kartothek/io/dask/common_cube.py b/kartothek/io/dask/common_cube.py
index 9d180b35..2fc6bfb7 100644
--- a/kartothek/io/dask/common_cube.py
+++ b/kartothek/io/dask/common_cube.py
@@ -66,17 +66,16 @@ def ensure_valid_cube_indices(
     `index_columns` and `suppress_index_on` fields adjusted to reflect the
     existing datasets.
     """
-    required_indices = set(cube.index_columns)
-    suppress_index_on = set(cube.suppress_index_on)
+    dataset_indices = []
     for ds in existing_datasets.values():
         for internal_table in ds.table_meta:
             dataset_columns = set(ds.table_meta[internal_table].names)
-            table_indices = required_indices & dataset_columns
+            table_indices = cube.index_columns & dataset_columns
             compatible_indices = _ensure_compatible_indices(ds, table_indices)
             if compatible_indices:
-                dataset_indices = set(compatible_indices)
-                suppress_index_on -= dataset_indices
-                required_indices |= dataset_indices
+                dataset_indices.append(set(compatible_indices))
+    required_indices = cube.index_columns.union(*dataset_indices)
+    suppress_index_on = cube.suppress_index_on.difference(*dataset_indices)
     # Need to remove dimension columns since they *are* technically indices but
     # the cube interface class declares them as not indexed just to add them
     # later on, assuming it is not blacklisted
diff --git a/tests/io/dask/test_common_cube.py b/tests/io/dask/test_common_cube.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..118a2180
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/io/dask/test_common_cube.py
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+import pytest
+
+from kartothek.core.cube.cube import Cube
+from kartothek.core.dataset import DatasetMetadata
+from kartothek.io.dask.common_cube import ensure_valid_cube_indices
+
+
+class FakeSeedTableMetadata:
+    names = ["d1", "d2", "p", "i1", "i2"]
+
+
+class FakeExtraTableMetadata:
+    names = ["d1", "p", "i1"]
+
+
+def test_cube_with_valid_indices_is_not_modified_by_validation():
+    """
+    Test that a cube with valid indices is not modified by `ensure_valid_cube_indices`
+    """
+    source_metadata = DatasetMetadata.from_dict(
+        {
+            "dataset_uuid": "source",
+            "dataset_metadata_version": 4,
+            "table_meta": {"table": FakeSeedTableMetadata()},
+            "partition_keys": ["p"],
+            "indices": {
+                "d1": {"1": ["part_1"]},
+                "d2": {"1": ["part_1"]},
+                "i1": {"1": ["part_1"]},
+            },
+        }
+    )
+    extra_metadata = DatasetMetadata.from_dict(
+        {
+            "dataset_uuid": "extra",
+            "dataset_metadata_version": 4,
+            "table_meta": {"table": FakeExtraTableMetadata()},
+            "partition_keys": ["p"],
+            "indices": {"i1": {"1": ["part_1"]}},
+        }
+    )
+    cube = Cube(
+        dimension_columns=["d1", "d2"],
+        partition_columns=["p"],
+        uuid_prefix="cube",
+        seed_dataset="source",
+        index_columns=["i1"],
+    )
+
+    validated_cube = ensure_valid_cube_indices(
+        {"source": source_metadata, "extra": extra_metadata}, cube
+    )
+
+    assert validated_cube == cube
+
+
+def test_existing_indices_are_added_when_missing_in_cube():
+    """
+    Test that indices already existing in the dataset are added to the validated cube
+    """
+    source_metadata = DatasetMetadata.from_dict(
+        {
+            "dataset_uuid": "source",
+            "dataset_metadata_version": 4,
+            "table_meta": {"table": FakeSeedTableMetadata()},
+            "partition_keys": ["p"],
+            "indices": {
+                "d1": {"1": ["part_1"]},
+                "d2": {"1": ["part_1"]},
+                "i1": {"1": ["part_1"]},
+                "i2": {"1": ["part_1"]},
+            },
+        }
+    )
+    extra_metadata = DatasetMetadata.from_dict(
+        {
+            "dataset_uuid": "extra",
+            "dataset_metadata_version": 4,
+            "table_meta": {"table": FakeExtraTableMetadata()},
+            "partition_keys": ["p"],
+            "indices": {"i1": {"1": ["part_1"]}},
+        }
+    )
+    cube = Cube(
+        dimension_columns=["d1", "d2"],
+        partition_columns=["p"],
+        uuid_prefix="cube",
+        seed_dataset="source",
+        index_columns=["i1"],
+    )
+
+    validated_cube = ensure_valid_cube_indices(
+        {"source": source_metadata, "extra": extra_metadata}, cube
+    )
+
+    assert validated_cube.index_columns == {"i1", "i2"}
+
+
+def test_raises_when_cube_defines_index_not_in_dataset():
+    """
+    Test that a `ValueError` is raised when the cube defines an index that is not part of a dataset
+    """
+    source_metadata = DatasetMetadata.from_dict(
+        {
+            "dataset_uuid": "source",
+            "dataset_metadata_version": 4,
+            "table_meta": {"table": FakeSeedTableMetadata()},
+            "partition_keys": ["p"],
+            "indices": {
+                "d1": {"1": ["part_1"]},
+                "d2": {"1": ["part_1"]},
+                "i1": {"1": ["part_1"]},
+            },
+        }
+    )
+    extra_metadata = DatasetMetadata.from_dict(
+        {
+            "dataset_uuid": "extra",
+            "dataset_metadata_version": 4,
+            "table_meta": {"table": FakeExtraTableMetadata()},
+            "partition_keys": ["p"],
+            "indices": {"i1": {"1": ["part_1"]}},
+        }
+    )
+    cube = Cube(
+        dimension_columns=["d1", "d2"],
+        partition_columns=["p"],
+        uuid_prefix="cube",
+        seed_dataset="source",
+        index_columns=["i2"],
+    )
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        ensure_valid_cube_indices(
+            {"source": source_metadata, "extra": extra_metadata}, cube
+        )
+
+
+def test_no_indices_are_suppressed_when_they_already_exist():
+    """
+    Test that no indicies marked as suppressed in the cube are actually suppressed when
+    they are already present in the dataset
+    """
+    source_metadata = DatasetMetadata.from_dict(
+        {
+            "dataset_uuid": "source",
+            "dataset_metadata_version": 4,
+            "table_meta": {"table": FakeSeedTableMetadata()},
+            "partition_keys": ["p"],
+            "indices": {
+                "d1": {"1": ["part_1"]},
+                "d2": {"1": ["part_1"]},
+                "i1": {"1": ["part_1"]},
+            },
+        }
+    )
+    extra_metadata = DatasetMetadata.from_dict(
+        {
+            "dataset_uuid": "extra",
+            "dataset_metadata_version": 4,
+            "table_meta": {"table": FakeExtraTableMetadata()},
+            "partition_keys": ["p"],
+            "indices": {"i1": {"1": ["part_1"]}},
+        }
+    )
+    cube = Cube(
+        dimension_columns=["d1", "d2"],
+        partition_columns=["p"],
+        uuid_prefix="cube",
+        seed_dataset="source",
+        suppress_index_on=["d1", "d2"],
+    )
+
+    validated_cube = ensure_valid_cube_indices(
+        {"source": source_metadata, "extra": extra_metadata}, cube
+    )
+
+    assert validated_cube.suppress_index_on == frozenset()