Apache

client----->webserver------->app severs---->DB servers(oracle/mysql/sql sever/db2/mongodb/redshift..etc)

client----->webservers(public network)DMZ---->business logic running server(PRIVATE NETWORK)

security
no need to put port number
static content--same page--->www.gmail.com---->login page---credetntials--->
load balancing--s/w lb

Apache Software Foundation---ASF---->OpenSource----->software---------->customize--->commercial

2.4--latest
2.2--->still in use

Apache-->
--->nginx , ihs, ohs, jws , 

OpenSource
StaticConent---webserver-------
LAMP----linux,mysql,apache,php------>Wordpress,drupal,typo3,magento....etc
WAMP--Windows,"

no java
no .net

php---static--->apache
blogs--facebook--->lamp
Custom Error page---404---HTTP Status codes---200
200 success
300-redirection with sucess/cache
400- resource issue--file not found,403,401,
500--server related issues
501,502,503



18.221.85.255----->ec2---->/var/www/html------>gangi.html-----


client---->apache---->mysql---lamp/wamp
client---->apache---->Tomcat/websphere/weblogic/glashfish(java based applications---->DB

shell

pgming laungauge--->runtimeplaform
.net---->IIS------Windows------------>power shell 
java---->tomcat/weblogic/websphere/glashfish
static code---->apache/nginx/iis
php--------->Apache
SAP ABAP------>SAP Basis server
c/c++-------------->mainframe


no iis in linux
iis only runs in windows servers

stop/start/deployment--->power shell--->reports

Apache-----
Installation ways
Windows--->msi--->next ---next
binary/zip--->extract --->use

Unix
------------
yum--------->public/private---->/etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo---->base url /mirror list
source code(c/c++)----->compile(c compiler---gcc)---->build---->apache
rpm


yum and rpm ?


#!/bin/bash
#Author:
#Version:
echo "i am installing basic packages"
yum install bind-utils unzip wget telnet nc -y


To install apache with  yum 

yum install httpd -y


/etc/httpd---->server location--serverroot
httpd.conf---->conf
conf.d--->.conf
logs--->access.log and error.log
modules--->import/include

conf.d
conf.modules.d
logs -> ../../var/log/httpd
conf
/run/httpd
modules -> ../../usr/lib64/httpd/modules

conf------------>httpd.conf
updating/modifying httpd.conf--->restart of apache

more or less(interactive)


httpd.conf(Directives/tags)
==========================
key= value(only value)

ServerRoot "/etc/httpd"---------------->Apache Installation location

Listen 80------------------------------>Apache running port number

Include --------->
User apache----------------->Apache process owner
Group apache---------------->apache process group
ServerAdmin root@localhost------------>SystemAdmin email
ServerName <websitename>------------->websitename


Permissions purpose
<Directory />
AllowOverride none
Require all denied
</Directory>



DocumentRoot "/var/www/html"----------->website content location
 
 
<Directory "/var/www/html">
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride None
</Directory>


<IfModule dir_module>
 DirectoryIndex home.html--------------->from many files--->pick single file
</IfModule>


DocumentRoot---->which one i have to show as home page---DirectoryIndex



Apache--LAB-1
============================================================
Change port number in httpd.conf---->Listen 100
Change your website location ---->/opt/website/
/var/www/html----------------->/opt/website/

httpd.conf---->/var/www/html------------>/opt/website/

/opt/website--->index.html-----rename----->login.html

DirectoryIndex login.html

------>Restart apache--->Test page---ip:100
Rule-->100

Listen & DocuementRoot & DirectoryIndex------------>tags
==================================================================
==================================================================

httpd.conf----->/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf-----any errors

stop/start---

syntax--->ok--->stop


pem file
ec2 machine--ip or name
18.221.85.255

===========================================================================

Lab: login with other user(sudoer)
ec2-user---------------->sudo su - root--->awsadmin--->sudoer

/etc/ssh/sshd_config----->PasswordAuthentication no ----->PasswordAuthentication yes
username:
password:

ec2-user:
password=key file

one user---->awsadmin
password:12345

ec2---->awsadmin-------->sudoer--------------->/etc/sudoers
paswword:12345

userid : awsadmin
sudoer
password
/etc/ssh/sshd_config----->PasswordAuthentication no ----->PasswordAuthentication yes
esc---->:%s/PasswordAuthentication no/PasswordAuthentication yes/g
service sshd restart
sed--->
awk
=======================================================================================

/
bin
bash

grep -iRl "listen" *---------->it searches 
grep -il "listen" * ----100 files---2 files--->

grep -- to search a string/keyword/numbers
grep -i--ignore case
grep -l ---list only files
grep -c --count
grep -n---number line
grep -R ---Recursive


/opt/apache---->awsadmin:awsadmin
=================================================
/usr/sbin/apachectl -t ----------->syntax check
systemctl status httpd.service


stop
systemctl stop httpd
/apache/bin/apachectl -k stop
start
systemctl start httpd
/apache/bin/apachectl -k start

/apache/bin/apachectl -t       

/apache/bin/apachectl -v
/apache/bin/apachectl -S --- to know hwo many websites are running from apache



Tunneling---------->bypass---------->ec2

browser---->my windows---->localhost--->127.0.0.1(windows)---100----putty---tunneling
localhost------------
========================
Selinux---security
getenforce--enabled
setenforce 0------>permissve
====================================================

curl website
curl ip

curl localhost
curl 127.0.0.1 

==========================================================

conf/httpd.conf----
Listen
DocumentRoot
ServerName
DirectoryIndex
ServerAdmin
<Directory>
Permissons

</Directory>


Virtualhosting--running websites

VirtualHosting---2 types
1)ip based---1 ip --- 1 website
2)Name based--1 ip -- many websites


NameVirtualHost *:80

www.test.com----->DNS---->ip---->ec2--->www.test.com---->DocumentRoot-->home.html

<VirtualHost ip:80>
ServerName www.test.com
DocumentRoot /opt/website/test
DirectoryIndex home.html
<Directory /opt/website/test>
Allow from all
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>


<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName www.xyz.com
DocumentRoot /opt/website/xyz
DirectoryIndex index.html
<Directory /opt/website/xyz>
Allow from all
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>



Directory structure of the apache
conf/httpd.conf
logs/access.log(user hits and error.log(error info and restart apache)


*/gangi.html----------->DocumentRoot/gangi.html--->404

http status code

splunk---->


onpremises--->aws



conf
logs/access.log and error.log


/opt/website1----tail -f access.log

/opt/website2----ta
/opt/website3


DocuementRoot /opt/website1 /opt/website2

DirectoryIndex index.html login.html

=================================================

more
less
vi --- how to replace keyword
curl
tail -f 

netstat -anlp | grep ":8080" 
all
n=numeric
l=list
p=pid

awk
sed



================================================


bind error------------>socket(port) not binding

54.174.86.61
18.218.177.208
18.218.204.24
54.90.73.75        - 


pinging multiple machines



#!/bin/bash
#purpose:ping test for many servers
#Version:1.0
source=/opt/automation/scripts/
servers=$source/serverslist
tempfile=$source/pingresult
for i in `cat $servers` ;
do
echo "===================================" >>$tempfile
echo "server name $i" >>$tempfile
ping -c 4 $i >>$tempfile
echo "===================================" >>$tempfile
done



=============================
server name 18.218.177.208


#!/bin/bash
#purpose:ping test for many servers
#Version:1.0
source=/opt/automation/scripts/
servers=$source/serverslist
tempfile=$source/pingresult
for i in `cat $servers` ;
do
echo "===================================" >>$tempfile
echo "server name $i" >>$tempfile
nc -v 4 $i >>$tempfile
echo "===================================" >>$tempfile
done


<Files ".ht*">-----------Each directory level permissions if want (.htaccess)---php
    Require all denied----------->403
</Files>

/opt/test/--DR
DI--login.html

www.google.com---------------->/opt/test/login.html
www.google.com/admin/admin.html---403


/opt/test/admin/
.htaccess(Require all denied)
admin.html


ServerRoot---->/etc/httpd

ErrorLog "/opt/logs/httpd/my-error_log"
CustomLog "/opt/logs/httpd/my-access_log" common




LogFormat "%h ......"

LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" %I %O" combinedio

%h--- client ip--host ip/
%l -- -
%u -- - 
%t--- time
%r -- requst type (GET/POST)
%>s--- http status code( 20x,30x,40x,50x)
%b-- bytes of information transfer to the code

awk {print $1,$6} access.log | grep -w "500"---->ip
cut 

 source .bashrc---------------->Alias test
 



public ?

error.log ( stop /start/40x/50x)









===============================
Listen
DirectoryIndex
DocuementRoot
LogFormat
ErrorLog
CustomLog
Directory
ServerName
ServerAdmin


ln -s /etc/httpd /opt/apachehome(softlink and hardlink)

lrwxrwxrwx ---- /opt/apachehome------------>/etc/httpd
ServerRoot /opt/apachehome
===========================================

Client------------->apache----------->app se


What are the log level available in Apache?
The default configuration is set to “warn” however, the following is possible too.

debug
info
warn
notice
crit
alarm
emerg
error

Apache---- Nginx,OHS,IHS,JWS
https://geekflare.com/apache-interview-questions-answers/


LAB:-
/opt/logs/httpd/

30- times--refresh--200 count ?