book.bib

@comment{
  Entries currently used in book.
  Special characters *MUST* use LaTeX escapes, because BibTeX doesn't handle UTF-8 properly.
}

@comment{AAA}

@book{Abba2012,
  author = {Janet Abbate},
  title = {Recoding Gender: Women's Changing Participation in Computing},
  year = {2012},
  publisher = {{MIT} Press},
  isbn = {9780262534536},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/9780262534536},
  note = {Describes the careers and accomplishments of the women who shaped the early history of computing, but have all too often been written out of that history.}
}

@misc{Abel2009,
  author = {Andrew Abela},
  title = {Chart Suggestions - A Thought Starter},
  year = {2009},
  howpublished = {\url{http://extremepresentation.typepad.com/files/choosing-a-good-chart-09.pdf}},
  local = {abela-2009-choosing-good-chart.pdf},
  note = {A graphical decision tree for choosing the right type of chart.}
}

@book{Adam1975,
  author = {Frank Adams and Myles Horton},
  title = {Unearthing Seeds of Fire: The Idea of Highlander},
  year = {1975},
  publisher = {Blair},
  isbn = {0895870193},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/0895870193},
  note = {A history of the Highlander Folk School and its founder, Myles Horton.}
}

@article{Aike1975,
  author = {Edwin G. Aiken and Gary S. Thomas and William A. Shennum},
  title = {Memory for a Lecture: Effects of Notes, Lecture Rate, and Informational Density},
  journal = {Journal of Educational Psychology},
  volume = {67},
  number = {3},
  pages = {439--444},
  year = {1975},
  publisher = {American Psychological Association ({APA})},
  doi = {10.1037/h0076613},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1037/h0076613},
  local = {aiken-1975-note-taking.pdf},
  note = {An early landmark study showing that taking notes improved retention.}
}

@inproceedings{Aiva2016,
  author = {Efthimia Aivaloglou and Felienne Hermans},
  title = {How Kids Code and How We Know},
  booktitle = {2016 International Computing Education Research Conference ({ICER'16})},
  year = {2016},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/2960310.2960325},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2960310.2960325},
  local = {aivaloglou-2016-how-kids-code.pdf},
  note = {Presents an analysis of 250,000 Scratch projects.}
}

@book{Alin1989,
  author = {Saul D. Alinsky},
  title = {Rules for Radicals: A Practical Primer for Realistic Radicals},
  year = {1989},
  publisher = {Vintage},
  isbn = {0679721134},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/0679721134},
  note = {A widely-read guide to community organization written by one of the 20th Century's great organizers.}
}

@inproceedings{Alqa2017,
  author = {Basma S. Alqadi and Jonathan I. Maletic},
  title = {An Empirical Study of Debugging Patterns Among Novice Programmers},
  booktitle = {2017 Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education ({SIGCSE'17})},
  year = {2017},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/3017680.3017761},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3017680.3017761},
  local = {alqadi-2017-novice-debugging.pdf},
  note = {Reports patterns in the debugging activities and success rates of novice programmers.}
}

@article{Alvi1999,
  author = {Jennifer Alvidrez and Rhona S. Weinstein},
  title = {Early Teacher Perceptions and Later Student Academic Achievement},
  journal = {Journal of Educational Psychology},
  volume = {91},
  number = {4},
  pages = {731--746},
  year = {1999},
  publisher = {American Psychological Association ({APA})},
  doi = {10.1037/0022-0663.91.4.731},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.91.4.731},
  local = {alvidrez-1999-perceptions-achievement.pdf},
  note = {An influential study of the effects of teachers' perceptions of students on their later achievements.}
}

@book{Ambr2010,
  author = {Susan A. Ambrose and Michael W. Bridges and Michele DiPietro and Marsha C. Lovett and Marie K. Norman},
  title = {How Learning Works: Seven Research-Based Principles for Smart Teaching},
  year = {2010},
  publisher = {Jossey-Bass},
  isbn = {0470484101},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/0470484101},
  note = {Summarizes what we know about education and why we believe it's true, from cognitive psychology to social factors.}
}

@book{Ande2001,
  editor = {Lorin W. Anderson and David R. Krathwohl},
  title = {A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching, And Assessing: A Revision of Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives},
  year = {2001},
  publisher = {Longman},
  isbn = {080131903X},
  note = {A widely-used revision to Bloom's Taxonomy.}
}

@article{Armo2008,
  author = {Michal Armoni and David Ginat},
  title = {Reversing: A Fundamental Idea in Computer Science},
  journal = {Computer Science Education},
  volume = {18},
  number = {3},
  pages = {213--230},
  year = {2008},
  month = {9},
  publisher = {Informa {UK} Limited},
  doi = {10.1080/08993400802332670},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1080/08993400802332670},
  local = {armoni-2008-reversing.pdf},
  note = {Argues that the notion of reversing things is an unrecognized fundamental concept in computing education.}
}

@article{Atki2000,
  author = {Robert K. Atkinson and Sharon J. Derry and Alexander Renkl and Donald Wortham},
  title = {Learning from Examples: Instructional Principles from the Worked Examples Research},
  journal = {Review of Educational Research},
  volume = {70},
  number = {2},
  pages = {181--214},
  year = {2000},
  month = {6},
  publisher = {American Educational Research Association ({AERA})},
  doi = {10.3102/00346543070002181},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543070002181},
  local = {atkinson-2000-learning-examples.pdf},
  note = {A comprehensive survey of worked examples research at the time.}
}

@book{Auro2019,
  author = {Valerie Aurora and Mary Gardiner},
  title = {How to Respond to Code of Conduct Reports},
  publisher = {Frame Shift Consulting LLC},
  edition = {Version 1.1},
  year = {2019},
  isbn = {978-1386922575},
  link = {https://files.frameshiftconsulting.com/books/cocguide.pdf},
  note = {A short, practical guide to enforcing a Code of Conduct.}
}

@article{Avel2013,
  author = {Emma-Louise Aveling and Peter McCulloch and Mary Dixon-Woods},
  title = {A Qualitative Study Comparing Experiences of the Surgical Safety Checklist in Hospitals in High-Income and Low-Income Countries},
  journal = {{BMJ} Open},
  volume = {3},
  number = {8},
  year = {2013},
  month = {8},
  publisher = {BMJ},
  doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003039},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003039},
  local = {aveling-2013-surgical-checklists.pdf},
  note = {Reports the effectiveness of surgical checklist implementations in the UK and Africa.}
}

@comment{BBB}

@inproceedings{Bacc2013,
  author = {Alberto Bacchelli and Christian Bird},
  title = {Expectations, Outcomes, and Challenges of Modern Code Review},
  booktitle = {2013 International Conference on Software Engineering ({ICSE'13})},
  year = {2013},
  month = {5},
  local = {bacchelli-2013-code-review.pdf},
  note = {A summary of work on code review.}
}

@inproceedings{Bari2017,
  author = {Titus Barik and Justin Smith and Kevin Lubick and Elisabeth Holmes and Jing Feng and Emerson Murphy-Hill and Chris Parnin},
  title = {Do Developers Read Compiler Error Messages?},
  booktitle = {2017 International Conference on Software Engineering ({ICSE'17})},
  year = {2017},
  month = {5},
  publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})},
  doi = {10.1109/icse.2017.59},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1109/icse.2017.59},
  local = {barik-2017-error-messages-eye-tracking.pdf},
  note = {Reports that developers do read error messages and doing so is as hard as reading source code: it takes 13-25\% of total task time.}
}

@inproceedings{Bark2014,
  author = {Lecia Barker and Christopher Lynnly Hovey and Leisa D. Thompson},
  title = {Results of a Large-Scale, Multi-Institutional Study of Undergraduate Retention in Computing},
  booktitle = {2014 Frontiers in Education Conference ({FIE'14})},
  year = {2014},
  month = {10},
  publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})},
  doi = {10.1109/fie.2014.7044267},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1109/fie.2014.7044267},
  local = {barker-2014-retention-computing.pdf},
  note = {Reports that meaningful assignments, faculty interaction with students, student collaboration on assignments, and (for male students) pace and workload relative to expectations drive retention in computing classes, while interactions with teaching assistants or with peers in extracurricular activities have little impact.}
}

@inproceedings{Bark2015,
  author = {Lecia Barker and Christopher Lynnly Hovey and Jane Gruning},
  title = {What Influences {CS} Faculty to Adopt Teaching Practices?},
  booktitle = {2015 Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education ({SIGCSE'15})},
  year = {2015},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/2676723.2677282},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2676723.2677282},
  local = {barker-2015-practice-adoption.pdf},
  note = {Describes how computer science educators adopt new teaching practices.}
}

@article{Basi1987,
  author = {Victor R. Basili and Richard W. Selby},
  title = {Comparing the Effectiveness of Software Testing Strategies},
  journal = {{IEEE} Transactions on Software Engineering},
  volume = {{SE}-13},
  number = {12},
  pages = {1278--1296},
  year = {1987},
  month = {12},
  publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})},
  doi = {10.1109/tse.1987.232881},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.1987.232881},
  local = {basili-1987-code-review.pdf},
  note = {An early and influential summary of the effectiveness of code review.}
}

@inproceedings{Basu2015,
  author = {Soumya Basu and Albert Wu and Brian Hou and John DeNero},
  title = {Problems Before Solutions: Automated Problem Clarification at Scale},
  booktitle = {2015 Conference on Learning @ Scale ({L@S'15})},
  year = {2015},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/2724660.2724679},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2724660.2724679},
  local = {basu-2015-problems-before-solutions.pdf},
  note = {Describes a system in which students have to unlock test cases for their code by answering MCQs, and presents data showing that this is effective.}
}

@inproceedings{Batt2018,
  author = {Lina Battestilli and Apeksha Awasthi and Yingjun Cao},
  title = {Two-Stage Programming Projects: Individual Work Followed by Peer Collaboration},
  booktitle = {2018 Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education ({SIGCSE'18})},
  year = {2018},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/3159450.3159486},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3159450.3159486},
  local = {battestilli-2018-two-stage.pdf},
  note = {Reports that learning outcomes were improved by two-stage projects in which students work individually, then re-work the same problem in pairs.}
}

@article{Baue2015,
  author = {Mark S. Bauer and Laura Damschroder and Hildi Hagedorn and Jeffrey Smith and Amy M. Kilbourne},
  title = {An Introduction to Implementation Science for the Non-Specialist},
  journal = {{BMC} Psychology},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  year = {2015},
  month = {9},
  publisher = {Springer Nature},
  doi = {10.1186/s40359-015-0089-9},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-015-0089-9},
  local = {bauer-2015-implementation-science.pdf},
  note = {Explains what implementation science is, using examples from the US Veterans Administration to illustrate.}
}

@article{Beck2013,
  author = {Leland Beck and Alexander Chizhik},
  title = {Cooperative Learning Instructional methods for {CS1}: Design, Implementation, and Evaluation},
  journal = {{ACM} Transactions on Computing Education},
  volume = {13},
  number = {3},
  pages = {10:1--10:21},
  year = {2013},
  month = {8},
  issn = {1946-6226},
  doi = {10.1145/2492686},
  link = {https://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2492686},
  local = {beck-2013-cs-coop-learning.pdf},
  note = {Reports that cooperative learning enhances learning outcomes and self-efficacy in CS1.}
}

@article{Beck2014,
  author = {Victoria Beck},
  title = {Testing a Model to Predict Online Cheating---Much Ado About Nothing},
  journal = {Active Learning in Higher Education},
  volume = {15},
  number = {1},
  pages = {65--75},
  year = {2014},
  month = {1},
  publisher = {{SAGE} Publications},
  doi = {10.1177/1469787413514646},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1469787413514646},
  local = {beck-2014-online-cheating.pdf},
  note = {Reports that cheating is no more likely in online courses than in face-to-face courses.}
}

@article{Beck2016,
  author = {Brett A. Becker and Graham Glanville and Ricardo Iwashima and Claire McDonnell and Kyle Goslin and Catherine Mooney},
  title = {Effective Compiler Error Message Enhancement for Novice Programming Students},
  journal = {Computer Science Education},
  volume = {26},
  number = {2-3},
  pages = {148--175},
  year = {2016},
  month = {7},
  publisher = {Informa {UK} Limited},
  doi = {10.1080/08993408.2016.1225464},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1080/08993408.2016.1225464},
  local = {becker-2016-error-message-enhancement.pdf},
  note = {Reports that improved error messages helped novices learn faster.}
}

@inproceedings{Beni2017,
  author = {Gal Beniamini and Sarah Gingichashvili and Alon Klein Orbach and Dror G. Feitelson},
  title = {Meaningful Identifier Names: The Case of Single-Letter Variables},
  booktitle = {2017 International Conference on Program Comprehension ({ICPC'17})},
  year = {2017},
  month = {5},
  publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})},
  doi = {10.1109/icpc.2017.18},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1109/icpc.2017.18},
  local = {beniamini-2017-single-letter.pdf},
  note = {Reports that use of single-letter variable names doesn't affect ability to modify code, and that some single-letter variable names have implicit types and meanings.}
}

@article{Benn2007a,
  author = {Jens Bennedsen and Michael E. Caspersen},
  title = {Failure Rates in Introductory Programming},
  journal = {{ACM} {SIGCSE} Bulletin},
  volume = {39},
  number = {2},
  pages = {32},
  year = {2007},
  month = {6},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/1272848.1272879},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/1272848.1272879},
  local = {bennedsen-2007-failure-rates.pdf},
  note = {Reports that 67\% of students pass CS1, with variation from 5\% to 100\%.}
}

@inproceedings{Benn2007b,
  author = {Jens Bennedsen and Carsten Schulte},
  title = {What Does ``Objects-first'' Mean?: An International Study of Teachers' Perceptions of Objects-first},
  booktitle = {2007 Koli Calling Conference on Computing Education Research ({Koli'07})},
  pages = {21--29},
  year = {2007},
  link = {http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2449323.2449327},
  local = {bennedsen-2007-objects-first.pdf},
  note = {Teases out three meanings of ``objects first'' in computing education.}
}

@book{Benn2000,
  author = {Patricia Benner},
  title = {From Novice to Expert: Excellence and Power in Clinical Nursing Practice},
  year = {2000},
  publisher = {Pearson},
  isbn = {0130325228},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/0130325228},
  note = {A classic study of clinical judgment and the development of expertise.}
}

@book{Berg2012,
  author = {Joseph Bergin and Jane Chandler and Jutta Eckstein and Helen Sharp and Mary Lynn Manns and Klaus Marquardt and Marianna Sipos and Markus Völter and Eugene Wallingford},
  title = {Pedagogical Patterns: Advice for Educators},
  year = {2012},
  publisher = {CreateSpace},
  isbn = {9781479171828},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/9781479171828},
  note = {A catalog of design patterns for teaching.}
}

@article{Biel1995,
  author = {Katerine Bielaczyc and Peter L. Pirolli and Ann L. Brown},
  title = {Training in Self-Explanation and Self-Regulation Strategies: Investigating the Effects of Knowledge Acquisition Activities on Problem Solving},
  journal = {Cognition and Instruction},
  volume = {13},
  number = {2},
  pages = {221--252},
  year = {1995},
  month = {6},
  publisher = {Informa {UK} Limited},
  doi = {10.1207/s1532690xci1302_3},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1207/s1532690xci1302_3},
  local = {bielaczyc-1995-self-explanation.pdf},
  note = {Reports that training learners in self-explanation accelerates their learning.}
}

@book{Bigg2011,
  author = {John Biggs and Catherine Tang},
  title = {Teaching for Quality Learning at University},
  year = {2011},
  publisher = {Open University Press},
  isbn = {0335242758},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/0335242758},
  note = {A step-by-step guide to lesson development, delivery, and evaluation for people working in higher education.}
}

@article{Bink2012,
  author = {Dave Binkley and Marcia Davis and Dawn Lawrie and Jonathan I. Maletic and Christopher Morrell and Bonita Sharif},
  title = {The Impact of Identifier Style on Effort and Comprehension},
  journal = {Empirical Software Engineering},
  volume = {18},
  number = {2},
  pages = {219--276},
  year = {2012},
  month = {5},
  publisher = {Springer Nature},
  doi = {10.1007/s10664-012-9201-4},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-012-9201-4},
  local = {binkley-2012-identifier-style-effort-comprehension.pdf},
  note = {Reports that reading and understanding code is fundamentally different from reading prose, and that experienced developers are relatively unaffected by identifier style, but beginners benefit from the use of camel case (versus pothole case).}
}

@article{Blik2014,
  author = {Paulo Blikstein and Marcelo Worsley and Chris Piech and Mehran Sahami and Steven Cooper and Daphne Koller},
  title = {Programming Pluralism: Using Learning Analytics to Detect Patterns in the Learning of Computer Programming},
  journal = {Journal of the Learning Sciences},
  volume = {23},
  number = {4},
  pages = {561--599},
  year = {2014},
  month = {10},
  publisher = {Informa {UK} Limited},
  doi = {10.1080/10508406.2014.954750},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1080/10508406.2014.954750},
  local = {blikstein-2014-programming-pluralism.pdf},
  note = {Reports an attempt to categorize novice programmer behavior using machine learning that found interesting patterns on individual assignments.}
}

@article{Bloo1984,
  author = {Benjamin S. Bloom},
  title = {The 2 Sigma Problem: The Search for Methods of Group Instruction as Effective as One-to-One Tutoring},
  journal = {Educational Researcher},
  volume = {13},
  number = {6},
  pages = {4--16},
  year = {1984},
  month = {6},
  doi = {10.3102/0013189x013006004},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189x013006004},
  local = {bloom-1984-two-sigma.pdf},
  note = {Reports that students tutored one-to-one using mastery learning techniques perform two standard deviations better than those who learned through conventional lecture.}
}

@book{Boll2014,
  author = {David Bollier},
  title = {Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the Commons},
  year = {2014},
  publisher = {New Society Publishers},
  isbn = {0865717680},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/0865717680},
  note = {A short introduction to a widely-used model of governance.}
}

@article{Boha2011,
  author = {Mark Bohay and Daniel P. Blakely and Andrea K. Tamplin and Gabriel A. Radvansky},
  title = {Note Taking, Review, Memory, and Comprehension},
  journal = {American Journal of Psychology},
  volume = {124},
  number = {1},
  pages = {63},
  year = {2011},
  publisher = {University of Illinois Press},
  doi = {10.5406/amerjpsyc.124.1.0063},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.5406/amerjpsyc.124.1.0063},
  local = {bohay-2011-note-taking.pdf},
  note = {Reports that note-taking improves retention most at deeper levels of understanding.}
}

@article{Borr2014,
  author = {Maura Borrego and Charles Henderson},
  title = {Increasing the Use of Evidence-Based Teaching in {STEM} Higher Education: A Comparison of Eight Change Strategies},
  journal = {Journal of Engineering Education},
  volume = {103},
  number = {2},
  pages = {220--252},
  year = {2014},
  month = {4},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  doi = {10.1002/jee.20040},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1002/jee.20040},
  local = {borrego-2014-henderson-change-strategies.pdf},
  note = {Categorizes different approaches to effecting change in higher education.}
}

@inproceedings{Bria2015,
  author = {Samuel A. Brian and Richard N. Thomas and James M. Hogan and Colin Fidge},
  title = {Planting Bugs: A System for Testing Students' Unit Tests},
  booktitle = {2015 Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education ({ITiCSE'15})},
  year = {2015},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/2729094.2742631},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2729094.2742631},
  local = {brian-2015-planting-bugs.pdf},
  note = {Describes a tool for assessing students' programs and unit tests and finds that students often write weak tests and misunderstand the role of unit testing.}
}

@book{Broo2016,
  author = {Stephen D. Brookfield and Stephen Preskill},
  title = {The Discussion Book: 50 Great Ways to Get People Talking},
  year = {2016},
  publisher = {Jossey-Bass},
  isbn = {9781119049715},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/9781119049715},
  note = {Describes fifty different ways to get groups talking productively.}
}

@article{Brop1983,
  author = {Jere E. Brophy},
  title = {Research on the Self-Fulfilling Prophecy and Teacher Expectations},
  journal = {Journal of Educational Psychology},
  volume = {75},
  number = {5},
  pages = {631--661},
  year = {1983},
  publisher = {American Psychological Association ({APA})},
  doi = {10.1037/0022-0663.75.5.631},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.75.5.631},
  local = {brophy-1983-self-fulfilling-prophecy.pdf},
  note = {A early, influential study of the effects of teachers' perceptions on students' achievements.}
}

@book{Brow2007,
  author = {Michael Jacoby Brown},
  title = {Building Powerful Community Organizations: A Personal Guide to Creating Groups that Can Solve Problems and Change the World},
  year = {2007},
  publisher = {Long Haul Press},
  isbn = {0977151808},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/0977151808},
  note = {A practical guide to creating effective organizations in and for communities.}
}

@article{Brow2017,
  author = {Neil C. C. Brown and Amjad Altadmri},
  title = {Novice Java Programming Mistakes},
  journal = {{ACM} Transactions on Computing Education},
  volume = {17},
  number = {2},
  year  = {2017},
  month = {5},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/2994154},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2994154},
  local = {brown-2017-novice-mistakes.pdf},
  note = {Summarizes the authors' analysis of novice programming mistakes.}
}

@article{Brow2018,
  author = {Neil C. C. Brown and Greg Wilson},
  title = {Ten Quick Tips for Teaching Programming},
  journal = {{PLoS} Computational Biology},
  volume = {14},
  number = {4},
  year = {2018},
  month = {4},
  publisher = {Public Library of Science ({PLoS})},
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006023},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006023},
  local = {brown-2018-teaching-tips.pdf},
  note = {A short summary of what we actually know about teaching programming and why we believe it's true.}
}

@inproceedings{Buff2015,
  author = {Kevin Buffardi and Stephen H. Edwards},
  title = {Reconsidering Automated Feedback: A Test-Driven Approach},
  booktitle = {2015 Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education ({SIGCSE'15})},
  year = {2015},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/2676723.2677313},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2676723.2677313},
  local = {buffardi-2015-reconsidering-automated-feedback.pdf},
  note = {Describes a system that associates failed tests with particular features in a learner's code so that learners cannot game the system.}
}

@book{Burg2015,
  author = {Sheryl  E. Burgstahler},
  title = {Universal Design in Higher Education: From Principles to Practice},
  edition = {Second},
  year = {2015},
  publisher = {Harvard Education Press},
  isbn = {9781612508160},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/9781612508160},
  note = {Describes how to make online teaching materials accessible to everyone.}
}

@inproceedings{Burk2018,
  author = {Quinn Burke and Cinamon Bailey and Louise Ann Lyon and Emily Greeen},
  title = {Understanding the Software Development Industry's Perspective on Coding Boot Camps Versus Traditional 4-Year Colleges},
  booktitle = {2018 Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education ({SIGCSE'18})},
  year = {2018},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/3159450.3159485},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3159450.3159485},
  local = {burke-2018-industry-bootcamp-perspective.pdf},
  note = {Compares the skills and credentials that tech industry recruiters are looking for to those provided by 4-year degrees and bootcamps.}
}

@inproceedings{Butl2017,
  author = {Zack Butler and Ivona Bezakova and Kimberly Fluet},
  title = {Pencil Puzzles for Introductory Computer Science},
  booktitle = {2017 Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education ({SIGCSE'17})},
  year = {2017},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/3017680.3017765},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3017680.3017765},
  local = {butler-2017-pencil-puzzles.pdf},
  note = {Describes pencil-and-paper puzzles that can be turned into CS1/CS2 assignments, and reports that they are enjoyed by students and encourage meta-cognition.}
}

@inproceedings{Byck2005,
  author = {Pauli Byckling and Petri Gerdt and Jorma Sajaniemi},
  title = {Roles of Variables in Object-Oriented Programming},
  booktitle = {2005 Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages, and Applications ({OOPSLA'05})},
  year = {2005},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/1094855.1094972},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/1094855.1094972},
  local = {byckling-2005-variable-roles-oop.pdf},
  note = {Presents single-variable design patterns common in novice programs.}
}

@comment{CCC}

@inproceedings{Camp2016,
  author = {Jennifer Campbell and Diane Horton and Michelle Craig},
  title = {Factors for Success in Online {CS1}},
  booktitle = {2016 Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education ({ITiCSE'16})},
  year = {2016},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/2899415.2899457},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2899415.2899457},
  local = {campbell-2016-online-cs1-success.pdf},
  note = {Compares students who opted in to an online CS1 class online with those who took it in person in a flipped classroom.}
}

@article{Carr1987,
  author = {John Carroll and Penny Smith-Kerker and James Ford and Sandra Mazur-Rimetz},
  title = {The Minimal Manual},
  journal = {Human-Computer Interaction},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {123--153},
  year = {1987},
  month = {6},
  publisher = {Informa {UK} Limited},
  doi = {10.1207/s15327051hci0302_2},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327051hci0302_2},
  local = {carroll-1987-minimal-manual.pdf},
  note = {The foundational paper on minimalist instruction.}
}

@article{Carr2014,
  author = {John Carroll},
  title = {Creating Minimalist Instruction},
  journal = {International Journal of Designs for Learning},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  year = {2014},
  month = {11},
  publisher = {IUScholarWorks},
  doi = {10.14434/ijdl.v5i2.12887},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.14434/ijdl.v5i2.12887},
  local = {carroll-2014-creating-minimalist.pdf},
  note = {A look back on the author's work on minimalist instruction.}
}

@inproceedings{Cart2017,
  author = {Adam Scott Carter and Christopher David Hundhausen},
  title = {Using Programming Process Data to Detect Differences in Students' Patterns of Programming},
  booktitle = {2017 Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education ({SIGCSE'17})},
  year = {2017},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/3017680.3017785},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3017680.3017785},
  local = {carter-2017-novice-programming-process.pdf},
  note = {Shows that students of different levels approach programming tasks differently, and that these differences can be detected automatically.}
}

@inproceedings{Casp2007,
  author = {Michael E. Caspersen and Jens Bennedsen},
  title = {Instructional Design of a Programming Course},
  booktitle = {2007 International Computing Education Research Conference ({ICER'07})},
  year = {2007},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/1288580.1288595},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/1288580.1288595},
  local = {caspersen-2007-instructional-design.pdf},
  note = {Goes from a model of human cognition to three learning theories, and from there to the design of an introductory object-oriented programming course.}
}

@inproceedings{Cele2018,
  author = {Mehmet Celepkolu and Kristy Elizabeth Boyer},
  title = {Thematic Analysis of Students' Reflections on Pair Programming in {CS1}},
  booktitle = {2018 Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education ({SIGCSE'18})},
  year = {2018},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/3159450.3159516},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3159450.3159516},
  local = {celepkolu-2018-pair-programming.pdf},
  note = {Reports that pair programming has the same learning gains side-by-side programming but higher student satisfaction.}
}

@article{Ceti2016,
  author = {Ibrahim Cetin and Christine Andrews-Larson},
  title = {Learning Sorting Algorithms Through Visualization Construction},
  journal = {Computer Science Education},
  volume = {26},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27--43},
  year = {2016},
  month = {1},
  publisher = {Informa {UK} Limited},
  doi = {10.1080/08993408.2016.1160664},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1080/08993408.2016.1160664},
  local = {cetin-2016-visualization-construction.pdf},
  note = {Reports that people learn more from constructing algorithm visualizations than they do from viewing visualizations constructed by others.}
}

@inproceedings{Chen2009,
  author = {Nicholas Chen and Maurice Rabb},
  title = {A Pattern Language for Screencasting},
  booktitle = {2009 Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs ({PLoP'09})},
  year = {2009},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/1943226.1943234},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/1943226.1943234},
  local = {chen-2009-pattern-language-screencasting.pdf},
  note = {A brief, well-organized collection of tips for making screencasts.}
}

@inproceedings{Chen2017,
  author = {Nick Cheng and Brian Harrington},
  title = {The Code Mangler: Evaluating Coding Ability Without Writing Any Code},
  booktitle = {2017 Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education ({SIGCSE'17})},
  year = {2017},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/3017680.3017704},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3017680.3017704},
  local = {cheng-2017-code-mangler.pdf},
  note = {Reports that student performance on exercises in which they undo code mangling correlates strongly with performance on traditional assessments.}
}

@article{Chen2018,
  author = {Chen Chen and Paulina Haduong and Karen Brennan and Gerhard Sonnert and Philip Sadler},
  title = {The effects of first programming language on college students' computing attitude and achievement: a comparison of graphical and textual languages},
  journal = {Computer Science Education},
  month = {11},
  year = {2018},
  volume = {29},
  number = {1},
  pages = {23--48},
  publisher = {Informa {UK} Limited},
  doi = {10.1080/08993408.2018.1547564},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/08993408.2018.1547564},
  local = {chen-2018-graphical-textual.pdf},
  note = {Finds that students whose first language was graphical had higher grades than students whose first language was textual when the languages were introduced in or before early adolescent years.}
}

@inproceedings{Cher2007,
  author = {Mauro Cherubini and Gina Venolia and Rob DeLine and Andrew J. Ko},
  title = {Let's Go to the Whiteboard: How and Why Software Developers Use Drawings},
  booktitle = {2007 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems ({CHI'07})},
  year = {2007},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/1240624.1240714},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/1240624.1240714},
  local = {cherubini-2007-whiteboard.pdf},
  note = {Reports that developers draw diagrams to aid discussion rather than to document designs.}
}

@article{Cher2009,
  author = {Sapna Cheryan and Victoria C. Plaut and Paul G. Davies and Claude M. Steele},
  title = {Ambient Belonging: How Stereotypical Cues Impact Gender Participation in Computer Science},
  journal = {Journal of Personality and Social Psychology},
  volume = {97},
  number = {6},
  pages = {1045--1060},
  year = {2009},
  publisher = {American Psychological Association ({APA})},
  doi = {10.1037/a0016239},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016239},
  local = {cheryan-2009-ambient-belonging.pdf},
  note = {Reports that subtle environmental clues have a measurable impact on the interest that people of different genders have in computing.}
}

@article{Chet2014,
  author = {Raj Chetty and John N. Friedman and Jonah E. Rockoff},
  title = {Measuring the Impacts of Teachers {II}: Teacher Value-Added and Student Outcomes in Adulthood},
  journal = {American Economic Review},
  volume = {104},
  number = {9},
  pages = {2633--2679},
  year = {2014},
  month = {9},
  publisher = {American Economic Association ({AEA})},
  doi = {10.1257/aer.104.9.2633},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.104.9.2633},
  local = {chetty-2014-teacher-impact.pdf},
  note = {Reports that good teachers have a small but measurable impact on student outcomes.}
}

@article{Chi1989,
  author = {Michelene T. H. Chi and Miriam Bassok and Matthew W. Lewis and Peter Reimann and Robert Glaser},
  title = {Self-Explanations: How Students Study and Use Examples in Learning to Solve Problems},
  journal = {Cognitive Science},
  volume = {13},
  number = {2},
  pages = {145--182},
  year = {1989},
  month = {4},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  doi = {10.1207/s15516709cog1302_1},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog1302_1},
  local = {chi-1989-self-explanations.pdf},
  note = {A seminal paper on the power of self-explanation.}
}

@misc{Coco2018,
  author = {Center for Community Organizations},
  title = {The ``Problem'' Woman of Colour in the Workplace},
  year = {2018},
  howpublished = {\url{https://coco-net.org/problem-woman-colour-nonprofit-organizations/}},
  local = {coco-2018-woc-in-organization.pdf},
  note = {Outlines the experience of many women of color in the workplace.}
}

@article{Coll1991,
  author = {Allan Collins and John Seely Brown and Ann Holum},
  title = {Cognitive Apprenticeship: Making Thinking Visible},
  journal = {American Educator},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {38--46},
  year = {1991},
  local = {collins-1991-cognitive-apprenticeship.pdf},
  note = {Describes an educational model based on the notion of apprenticeship and master guidance.}
}

@book{Coom2012,
  author = {Norman Coombs},
  title = {Making Online Teaching Accessible},
  year = {2012},
  publisher = {Jossey-Bass},
  isbn = {9781458725288},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/9781458725288},
  note = {An accessible guide to making online lessons accessible.}
}

@book{Covi2017,
  author = {Martin V. Covington and Linda M. {von Hoene} and Dominic J. Voge},
  title = {Life Beyond Grades: Designing College Courses to Promote Intrinsic Motivation},
  year = {2017},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  isbn = {9780521805230},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/9780521805230},
  note = {Explores ways of balancing intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in institutional education.}
}

@book{Craw2010,
  author = {Matthew B. Crawford},
  title = {Shop Class as Soulcraft: An Inquiry into the Value of Work},
  year = {2010},
  publisher = {Penguin},
  isbn = {9780143117469},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/9780143117469},
  note = {A deep analysis of what we learn about ourselves by doing certain kinds of work.}
}

@article{Crou2001,
  author = {Catherine H. Crouch and Eric Mazur},
  title = {Peer Instruction: Ten Years of Experience and Results},
  journal = {American Journal of Physics},
  volume = {69},
  number = {9},
  pages = {970--977},
  year = {2001},
  month = {9},
  publisher = {American Association of Physics Teachers ({AAPT})},
  doi = {10.1119/1.1374249},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1119/1.1374249},
  local = {crouch-2001-peer-instruction-ten-years.pdf},
  note = {Reports results from the first ten years of peer instruction in undergraduate physics classes, and describes ways in which its implementation changed during that time.}
}

@book{Csik2008,
  author = {Mihaly Csikszentmihaly},
  title = {Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience},
  year = {2008},
  publisher = {Harper},
  isbn = {978-0061339202},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/0061339202},
  note = {An influential discussion of what it means to be fully immersed in a task.}
}

@inproceedings{Cunn2017,
  author = {Kathryn Cunningham and Sarah Blanchard and Barbara J. Ericson and Mark Guzdial},
  title = {Using Tracing and Sketching to Solve Programming Problems},
  booktitle = {2017 Conference on International Computing Education Research ({ICER'17})},
  year = {2017},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/3105726.3106190},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3105726.3106190},
  local = {cunningham-2017-sketching.pdf},
  note = {Found that writing new values near variables' names as they change is the most effective tracing technique.}
}

@inproceedings{Cutt2017,
  author = {Quintin Cutts and Charles Riedesel and Elizabeth Patitsas and Elizabeth Cole and Peter Donaldson and Bedour Alshaigy and Mirela Gutica and Arto Hellas and Edurne Larraza-Mendiluze and Robert McCartney},
  title = {Early Developmental Activities and Computing Proficiency},
  booktitle = {2017 Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education ({ITiCSE'17})},
  year = {2017},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/3174781.3174789},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3174781.3174789},
  local = {cutts-2017-early-development.pdf},
  note = {Surveyed adult computer users about childhood activities and found strong correlation between confidence and computer use based on reading on one's own and playing with construction toys with no moving parts (like Lego).}
}

@comment{DDD}

@inproceedings{Dage2010,
  author = {Barthélémy Dagenais and Harold Ossher and Rachel K. E. Bellamy and Martin P. Robillard and Jacqueline P. de Vries},
  title = {Moving Into a New Software Project Landscape},
  booktitle = {2010 International Conference on Software Engineering ({ICSE'10})},
  year = {2010},
  publisher = {{ACM} Press},
  doi = {10.1145/1806799.1806842},
  note = {A look at how people move from one project or domain to another.}
}

@inproceedings{Dahl2018,
  author = {Sarah Dahlby Albright and Titus H. Klinge and Samuel A. Rebelsky},
  title = {A Functional Approach to Data Science in {CS1}},
  booktitle = {2018 Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education ({SIGCSE'18})},
  year = {2018},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/3159450.3159550},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3159450.3159550},
  local = {dahlbyalbright-2018-cs1-data-science.pdf},
  note = {Describes the design of a CS1 class built around data science.}
}

@inproceedings{Deb2018,
  author = {Debzani Deb and Muztaba Fuad and James Etim and Clay Gloster},
  title = {{MRS}: Automated Assessment of Interactive Classroom Exercises},
  booktitle = {2018 Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education ({SIGCSE'18})},
  year = {2018},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/3159450.3159607},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3159450.3159607},
  local = {deb-2018-automated-assessment.pdf},
  note = {Reports that doing in-class exercises with realtime feedback using mobile devices improved concept retention and student engagement while reducing failure rates.}
}

@book{DeBr2015,
  author = {Pedro De Bruyckere and Paul A. Kirschner and Casper D. Hulshof},
  title = {Urban Myths about Learning and Education},
  year = {2015},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  isbn = {9780128015377},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/9780128015377},
  note = {Describes and debunks some widely-held myths about how people learn.}
}

@article{Denn2019,
  author = {Paul Denny and Brett A. Becker and Michelle Craig and Greg Wilson and Piotr Banaszkiewicz},
  title = {Research This! Questions that Computing Educators Most Want Computing Education Researchers to Answer},
  booktitle = {2019 Conference on International Computing Education Research ({ICER'19})},
  year = {2019},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  note = {Found little overlap between the questions that computing education researchers are most interested in and the questions practitioners want answered.}
}

@book{Derb2006,
  author = {Esther Derby and Diana Larsen},
  title = {Agile Retrospectives: Making Good Teams Great},
  year = {2006},
  publisher = {Pragmatic Bookshelf},
  isbn = {0977616649},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/0977616649},
  note = {Describes how to run a good project retrospective.}
}

@article{Deve2018,
  author = {Gabriel A. Devenyi and Rémi Emonet and Rayna M. Harris and Kate L. Hertweck and Damien Irving and Ian Milligan and Greg Wilson},
  title = {Ten Simple Rules for Collaborative Lesson Development},
  journal = {{PLoS} Computational Biology},
  volume = {14},
  number = {3},
  month = {3},
  year = {2018},
  publisher = {Public Library of Science ({PLoS})},
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005963},
  note = {Describes how to develop lessons together.}
}

@book{Dida2016,
  author = {David Didau and Nick Rose},
  title = {What Every Teacher Needs to Know About Psychology},
  year = {2016},
  publisher = {John Catt Educational},
  isbn = {1909717851},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/1909717851},
  note = {An informative, opinionated explanation of what modern psychology has to say about teaching.}
}

@article{DiSa2014a,
  author = {Betsy DiSalvo and Mark Guzdial and Amy Bruckman and Tom McKlin},
  title = {Saving Face While Geeking Out: Video Game Testing as a Justification for Learning Computer Science},
  journal = {Journal of the Learning Sciences},
  volume = {23},
  number = {3},
  pages = {272--315},
  year = {2014},
  month = {7},
  publisher = {Informa {UK} Limited},
  doi = {10.1080/10508406.2014.893434},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1080/10508406.2014.893434},
  local = {disalvo-2014-video-game-testing.pdf},
  note = {Found that 65\% of male African-American participants in a game testing program went on to study computing.}
}

@inproceedings{DiSa2014b,
  author = {Betsy DiSalvo and Cecili Reid and Parisa Khanipour Roshan},
  title = {They Can't Find Us},
  booktitle = {2014 Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education ({SIGCSE'14})},
  year = {2014},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/2538862.2538933},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2538862.2538933},
  local = {disalvo-2014-cant-find-us.pdf},
  note = {Reports that the search terms parents were likely to use for out-of-school CS classes didn't actually find those classes.}
}

@article{Douc2005,
  author = {Christopher Douce and David Livingstone and James Orwell},
  title = {Automatic Test-Based Assessment of Programming},
  journal = {Journal on Educational Resources in Computing},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {4--es},
  year = {2005},
  month = {9},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/1163405.1163409},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/1163405.1163409},
  local = {douce-2005-autograder-review.pdf},
  note = {Reviews the state of auto-graders at the time.}
}

@article{DuBo1986,
  author = {Benedict Du Boulay},
  title = {Some Difficulties of Learning to Program},
  journal = {Journal of Educational Computing Research},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {57--73},
  year = {1986},
  month = {2},
  publisher = {{SAGE} Publications},
  doi = {10.2190/3lfx-9rrf-67t8-uvk9},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.2190/3lfx-9rrf-67t8-uvk9},
  local = {duboulay-1986-difficulties.pdf},
  note = {Introduces the idea of a notional machine.}
}

@comment{EEE}

@inproceedings{Edwa2014a,
  author = {Stephen H. Edwards and Zalia Shams and Craig Estep},
  title = {Adaptively Identifying Non-Terminating Code when Testing Student Programs},
  booktitle = {2014 Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education ({SIGCSE'14})},
  year = {2014},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/2538862.2538926},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2538862.2538926},
  local = {edwards-2014-nonterminating.pdf},
  note = {Describes an adaptive scheme for detecting non-terminating student coding submissions.}
}

@inproceedings{Edwa2014b,
  author = {Stephen H. Edwards and Zalia Shams},
  title = {Do Student Programmers All Tend to Write the Same Software Tests?},
  booktitle = {2014 Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education ({ITiCSE'14})},
  year = {2014},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/2591708.2591757},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2591708.2591757},
  local = {edwards-2014-same-tests.pdf},
  note = {Reports that students wrote tests for the happy path rather than to detect hidden bugs.}
}

@inproceedings{Endr2014,
  author = {Stefan Endrikat and Stefan Hanenberg and Romain Robbes and Andreas Stefik},
  title = {How Do {API} Documentation and Static Typing Affect {API} Usability?},
  booktitle = {2014 International Conference on Software Engineering ({ICSE'14})},
  year = {2014},
  publisher = {{ACM} Press},
  doi = {10.1145/2568225.2568299},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2568225.2568299},
  local = {endrikat-2014-typing-usability.pdf},
  note = {Shows that types do add complexity to programs, but it pays off fairly quickly by acting as documentation hints for a method's use.}
}

@article{Ensm2003,
  author = {Nathan L. Ensmenger},
  title = {Letting the ``Computer Boys'' Take Over: Technology and the Politics of Organizational Transformation},
  journal = {International Review of Social History},
  volume = {48},
  number = {S11},
  pages = {153--180},
  year = {2003},
  month = {12},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  doi = {10.1017/s0020859003001305},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1017/s0020859003001305},
  local = {ensmenger-2003-computer-boys.pdf},
  note = {Describes how programming was turned from a female into a male profession in the 1960s.}
}

@book{Ensm2012,
  author = {Nathan L. Ensmenger},
  title = {The Computer Boys Take Over: Computers, Programmers, and the Politics of Technical Expertise},
  year = {2012},
  publisher = {{MIT} Press},
  isbn = {9780262517966},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/9780262517966},
  note = {Traces the emergence and rise of computer experts in the 20th Century, and particularly the way that computing became male-gendered.}
}

@article{Eppl2006,
  author = {Martin J. Eppler},
  title = {A Comparison Between Concept Maps, Mind Maps, Conceptual Diagrams, and Visual Metaphors as Complementary Tools for Knowledge Construction and Sharing},
  journal = {Information Visualization},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {202--210},
  year = {2006},
  month = {6},
  publisher = {{SAGE} Publications},
  doi = {10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500131},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500131},
  local = {eppler-2006-concept-maps.pdf},
  note = {Compares concept maps, mind maps, conceptual diagrams, and visual metaphors as learning tools.}
}

@book{Epst2002,
  author = {Lewis Carroll Epstein},
  title = {Thinking Physics: Understandable Practical Reality},
  year = {2002},
  publisher = {Insight Press},
  isbn = {0935218084},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/0935218084},
  note = {An entertaining problem-based introduction to thinking like a physicist.}
}

@inproceedings{Eric2015,
  author = {Barbara J. Ericson and Steven Moore and Briana B. Morrison and Mark Guzdial},
  title = {Usability and Usage of Interactive Features in an Online Ebook for {CS} Teachers},
  booktitle = {2015 Workshop in Primary and Secondary Computing Education (WiPSCE'15)},
  pages = {111--120},
  year = {2015},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  isbn = {978-1-4503-3753-3},
  doi = {10.1145/2818314.2818335},
  link = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2818314.2818335},
  local = {ericson-2015-ebooks.pdf},
  note = {Reports that learners are more likely to attempt Parsons Problems than nearby multiple choice questions in an ebook.}
}

@article{Eric2016,
  author = {K. Anders Ericsson},
  title = {Summing Up Hours of Any Type of Practice Versus Identifying Optimal Practice Activities},
  journal = {Perspectives on Psychological Science},
  volume = {11},
  number = {3},
  pages = {351--354},
  year = {2016},
  month = {5},
  publisher = {{SAGE} Publications},
  doi = {10.1177/1745691616635600},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691616635600},
  local = {ericsson-2016-summing-up-hours.pdf},
  note = {A critique of a meta-study of deliberate practice based on the latter's overly-broad inclusion of activities.}
}

@inproceedings{Eric2017,
  author = {Barbara J. Ericson and Lauren E. Margulieux and Jochen Rick},
  title = {Solving {Parsons Problems} versus Fixing and Writing Code},
  booktitle = {2017 Koli Calling Conference on Computing Education Research ({Koli'17})},
  year = {2017},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/3141880.3141895},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3141880.3141895},
  local = {ericson-2017-parsons-vs-programming.pdf},
  note = {Reports that solving 2D Parsons problems with distractors takes less time than writing or fixing code but has equivalent learning outcomes.}
}

@comment{FFF}

@article{Farm2006,
  author = {Eugene Farmer},
  title = {The Gatekeeper's Guide, or How to Kill a Tool},
  journal = {{IEEE} Software},
  volume = {23},
  number = {6},
  pages = {12--13},
  year = {2006},
  month = {11},
  publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})},
  doi = {10.1109/ms.2006.174},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ms.2006.174},
  local = {farmer-2006-gatekeepers-guide-kill-a-tool.pdf},
  note = {Ten tongue-in-cheek rules for making sure that a new software tool doesn't get adopted.}
}

@book{Fehi2008,
  author = {Chris Fehily},
  title = {SQL: Visual QuickStart Guide},
  edition = {Third},
  year = {2008},
  publisher = {Peachpit Press},
  isbn = {0321553578},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/0321553578},
  note = {An introduction to SQL that is both a good tutorial and a good reference guide.}
}

@inproceedings{Finc2007,
  author = {Sally Fincher and Josh Tenenberg},
  title = {Warren's Question},
  booktitle = {2007 International Computing Education Research Conference ({ICER'07})},
  year = {2007},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/1288580.1288588},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/1288580.1288588},
  local = {fincher-2007-warrens-questions.pdf},
  note = {A detailed look at a particular instance of transferring a teaching practice.}
}

@inproceedings{Finc2012,
  author = {Sally Fincher and Brad Richards and Janet Finlay and Helen Sharp and Isobel Falconer},
  title = {Stories of Change: How Educators Change Their Practice},
  booktitle = {2012 Frontiers in Education Conference ({FIE'12})},
  year = {2012},
  month = {10},
  publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})},
  doi = {10.1109/fie.2012.6462317},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1109/fie.2012.6462317},
  local = {fincher-2012-stories-change.pdf},
  note = {A detailed look at how educators actually adopt new teaching practices.}
}

@book{Finc2019,
  editor = {Sally Fincher and Anthony Robins},
  title = {The Cambridge Handbook of Computing Education Research},
  year = {2019},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  isbn = {978-1108721899},
  note = {A 900-page summary of what we know about computing education.}
}

@book{Fink2013,
  author = {L. Dee Fink},
  title = {Creating Significant Learning Experiences: An Integrated Approach to Designing College Courses},
  year = {2013},
  publisher = {Jossey-Bass},
  isbn = {1118124251},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/1118124251},
  note = {A step-by-step guide to a systematic lesson design process.}
}

@inproceedings{Fisc2015,
  author = {Lars Fischer and Stefan Hanenberg},
  title = {An empirical investigation of the effects of type systems and code completion on {API} usability using {TypeScript} and {JavaScript} in {MS} {Visual} {Studio}},
  booktitle = {11th Symposium on Dynamic Languages ({DLS'15})},
  publisher = {{ACM} Press},
  year = {2015},
  doi = {10.1145/2816707.2816720},
  note = {Found that static typing improved programmer efficiency independently of code completion.}
}

@inproceedings{Fisl2014,
  author = {Kathi Fisler},
  title = {The Recurring Rainfall Problem},
  booktitle = {2014 International Computing Education Research Conference ({ICER'14})},
  year = {2014},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/2632320.2632346},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2632320.2632346},
  local = {fisler-2014-rainfall.pdf},
  note = {Reports that students made fewer low-level errors when solving the Rainfall Problem in a functional language.}
}

@article{Fitz2008,
  author = {Sue Fitzgerald and Gary Lewandowski and Renée McCauley and Laurie Murphy and Beth Simon and Lynda Thomas and Carol Zander},
  title = {Debugging: Finding, Fixing and Flailing, a Multi-Institutional Study of Novice Debuggers},
  journal = {Computer Science Education},
  volume = {18},
  number = {2},
  pages = {93--116},
  year = {2008},
  month = {6},
  publisher = {Informa {UK} Limited},
  doi = {10.1080/08993400802114508},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1080/08993400802114508},
  local = {fitzgerald-2008-debugging.pdf},
  note = {Reports that good undergraduate debuggers are good programmers but not necessarily vice versa, and that novices use tracing and testing rather than causal reasoning.}
}

@inproceedings{Ford2016,
  author = {Denae Ford and Justin Smith and Philip J. Guo and Chris Parnin},
  title = {Paradise Unplugged: Identifying Barriers for Female Participation on {Stack Overflow}},
  booktitle = {2016 International Symposium on Foundations of Software Engineering ({FSE'16})},
  year = {2016},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/2950290.2950331},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2950290.2950331},
  local = {ford-2016-paradise-unplugged.pdf},
  note = {Reports that lack of awareness of site features, feeling unqualified to answer questions, intimidating community size, discomfort interacting with or relying on strangers, and perception that they shouldn't be slacking were seen as significantly more problematic by female Stack Overflow contributors rather than male ones.}
}

@book{Foge2005,
  author = {Karl Fogel},
  title = {Producing Open Source Software: How to Run a Successful Free Software Project},
  year = {2005},
  publisher = {O'Reilly Media},
  isbn = {0596007590},
  link = {http://producingoss.com/},
  note = {The definite guide to managing open source software development projects.}
}

@inproceedings{Fran2018,
  author = {Pablo Frank-Bolton and Rahul Simha},
  title = {Docendo Discimus: Students Learn by Teaching Peers Through Video},
  booktitle = {2018 Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education ({SIGCSE'18})},
  year = {2018},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/3159450.3159466},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3159450.3159466},
  local = {frankbolton-2018-peer-video.pdf},
  note = {Reports that students who make short videos to teach concepts to their peers have a significant increase in their own learning compared to those who only study the material or view videos.}
}

@article{Free1972,
  author = {Jo Freeman},
  title = {The Tyranny of Structurelessness},
  journal = {The Second Wave},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  year = {1972},
  local = {freeman-1972-tyranny-structurelessness.pdf},
  link = {https://www.jofreeman.com/joreen/tyranny.htm},
  note = {Points out that every organization has a power structure: the only question is whether it's accountable or not.}
}

@article{Free2014,
  author = {S. Freeman and S. L. Eddy and M. McDonough and M. K. Smith and N. Okoroafor and H. Jordt and M. P. Wenderoth},
  title = {Active learning increases student performance in science,  engineering,  and mathematics},
  journal = {Proc.\ National Academy of Sciences},
  volume = {111},
  number = {23},
  month = {5},
  year = {2014},
  pages = {8410--8415},
  publisher = {National Academy of Sciences},
  doi = {10.1073/pnas.1319030111},
  note = {Presents a meta-analysis of the benefits of active learning.}
}

@book{Frie2016,
  author = {Marilyn Friend and Lynne Cook},
  title = {Interactions: Collaboration Skills for School Professionals},
  edition = {Eighth},
  year = {2016},
  publisher = {Pearson},
  isbn = {0134168542},
  note = {A textbook on how teachers can work with other teachers.}
}

@comment{GGG}

@article{Galp2002,
  author = {Vashti Galpin},
  title = {Women in Computing Around the World},
  journal = {{ACM} {SIGCSE} Bulletin},
  volume = {34},
  number = {2},
  year = {2002},
  month = {6},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/543812.543839},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/543812.543839},
  local = {galpin-2002-women.pdf},
  note = {Looks at female participation in computing in 35 countries.}
}

@article{Gauc2011,
  author = {Danielle Gaucher and Justin Friesen and Aaron C. Kay},
  title = {Evidence that Gendered Wording in Job Advertisements Exists and Sustains Gender Inequality},
  journal = {Journal of Personality and Social Psychology},
  volume = {101},
  number = {1},
  pages = {109--128},
  year = {2011},
  publisher = {American Psychological Association ({APA})},
  doi = {10.1037/a0022530},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022530},
  local = {gaucher-2011-gendered-job-ads.pdf},
  note = {Reports that gendered wording in job recruitment materials can maintain gender inequality in traditionally male-dominated occupations.}
}

@article{Gawa2007,
  author = {Atul Gawande},
  title = {The Checklist},
  journal = {The New Yorker},
  year = {2007},
  month = {12},
  day = {10},
  link = {https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2007/12/10/the-checklist},
  nolocal = {true},
  note = {Describes the life-saving effects of simple checklists.}
}

@article{Gawa2011,
  author = {Atul Gawande},
  title = {Personal Best},
  journal = {The New Yorker},
  year = {2011},
  month = {10},
  day = {3},
  link = {https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2011/10/03/personal-best},
  nolocal = {true},
  note = {Describes how having a coach can improve practice in a variety of fields.}
}

@incollection{Gick1987,
  author = {Mary L. Gick and Keith J. Holyoak},
  editor = {S. J. Cormier and J. D. Hagman},
  title = {The Cognitive Basis of Knowledge Transfer},
  booktitle = {Transfer of Learning: Contemporary Research and Applications},
  pages = {9--46},
  year = {1987},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  doi = {10.1016/b978-0-12-188950-0.50008-4},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-188950-0.50008-4},
  nolocal = {true},
  note = {Finds that transference only comes with mastery.}
}

@article{Gorm2014,
  author = {Cara Gormally and Mara Evans and Peggy Brickman},
  title = {Feedback About Teaching in Higher Ed: Neglected Opportunities to Promote Change},
  journal = {Cell Biology Education},
  volume = {13},
  number = {2},
  pages = {187--199},
  year = {2014},
  month = {6},
  publisher = {American Society for Cell Biology ({ASCB})},
  doi = {10.1187/cbe.13-12-0235},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.13-12-0235},
  local = {gormally-2014-teaching-feedback.pdf},
  note = {Summarizes best practices for providing instructional feedback, and recommends some specific strategies.}
}

@book{Gree2014,
  author = {Elizabeth Green},
  title = {Building a Better Teacher: How Teaching Works (and How to Teach It to Everyone)},
  year = {2014},
  publisher = {W. W. Norton \& Company},
  isbn = {0393351084},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/9780393351088},
  note = {Explains why educational reforms in the past fifty years has mostly missed the mark, and what we should do instead.}
}

@inproceedings{Grif2016,
  author = {Jean M. Griffin},
  title = {Learning by Taking Apart},
  booktitle = {2016 Conference on Information Technology Education ({SIGITE'16})},
  year = {2016},
  publisher = {{ACM} Press},
  doi = {10.1145/2978192.2978231},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2978192.2978231},
  local = {griffing-2016-taking-apart.pdf},
  note = {Reports that people learn to program more quickly by deconstructing code than by writing it.}
}

@inproceedings{Grov2017,
  author = {Shuchi Grover and Satabdi Basu},
  title = {Measuring Student Learning in Introductory Block-Based Programming},
  booktitle = {2017 Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education ({SIGCSE'17})},
  year = {2017},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/3017680.3017723},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3017680.3017723},
  local = {grover-2017-measuring-block-learning.pdf},
  note = {Reports that middle-school children using blocks-based programming find loops, variables, and Boolean operators difficult to understand.}
}

@article{Gull2004,
  author = {Ned Gulley},
  title = {In Praise of Tweaking},
  journal = {interactions},
  volume = {11},
  number = {3},
  pages = {18},
  year = {2004},
  month = {5},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/986253.986264},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/986253.986264},
  local = {gulley-2004-praise-tweaking.pdf},
  note = {Describes an innovative collaborative coding contest.}
}

@inproceedings{Guo2013,
  author = {Philip J. Guo},
  title = {Online Python Tutor},
  booktitle = {2013 Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education ({SIGCSE'13})},
  year = {2013},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/2445196.2445368},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2445196.2445368},
  local = {guo-2013-online-tutor.pdf},
  note = {Describes the design and use of a web-based execution visualization tool.}
}

@inproceedings{Guo2014,
  author = {Philip J. Guo and Juho Kim and Rob Rubin},
  title = {How Video Production Affects Student Engagement},
  booktitle = {2014 Conference on Learning @ Scale ({L@S'14})},
  year = {2014},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/2556325.2566239},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2556325.2566239},
  local = {guo-2014-engagement.pdf},
  note = {Measured learner engagement with MOOC videos and reports that short videos are more engaging than long ones and that talking heads are more engaging than tablet drawings.}
}

@inproceedings{Guzd2013,
  author = {Mark Guzdial},
  title = {Exploring Hypotheses about Media Computation},
  booktitle = {2013 International Computing Education Research Conference ({ICER'13})},
  year = {2013},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/2493394.2493397},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2493394.2493397},
  local = {guzdial-2013-mediacomp-retrospective.pdf},
  note = {A look back on ten years of media computation research.}
}

@book{Guzd2015a,
  author = {Mark Guzdial},
  title = {Learner-Centered Design of Computing Education: Research on Computing for Everyone},
  year = {2015},
  publisher = {Morgan \& Claypool Publishers},
  isbn = {9781627053518},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/9781627053518},
  note = {Argues that we must design computing education for everyone, not just people who think they are going to become professional programmers.}
}

@misc{Guzd2015b,
  author = {Mark Guzdial},
  title = {Top 10 Myths About Teaching Computer Science},
  year = {2015},
  howpublished = {\url{https://cacm.acm.org/blogs/blog-cacm/189498-top-10-myths-about-teaching-computer-science/fulltext}},
  local = {guzdial-2015-10-myths.pdf},
  note = {Ten things many people believe about teaching computing that simply aren't true.}
}

@misc{Guzd2016,
  author = {Mark Guzdial},
  title = {Five Principles for Programming Languages for Learners},
  year = {2016},
  howpublished = {\url{https://cacm.acm.org/blogs/blog-cacm/203554-five-principles-for-programming-languages-for-learners/fulltext}},
  local = {guzdial-2016-five-principles-beginners.pdf},
  note = {Explains how to choose a programming language for people who are new to programming.}
}

@comment{HHH}

@inproceedings{Haar2017,
  author = {Lassi Haaranen},
  title = {Programming as a Performance - Live-streaming and Its Implications for Computer Science Education},
  booktitle = {2017 Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education ({ITiCSE'17})},
  year = {2017},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/3059009.3059035},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3059009.3059035},
  local = {haaranen-2017-live-streaming.pdf},
  note = {An early look at live streaming of coding as a teaching technique.}
}

@article{Hagg2016,
  author = {M. S. Hagger and N. L. D. Chatzisarantis and H. Alberts and C. O. Anggono and C. Batailler and A. R. Birt and R. Brand and M. J. Brandt and G. Brewer and S. Bruyneel and D. P. Calvillo and W. K. Campbell and P. R. Cannon and M. Carlucci and N. P. Carruth and T. Cheung and A. Crowell and D. T. D. De Ridder and S. Dewitte and M. Elson and J. R. Evans and B. A. Fay and B. M. Fennis and A. Finley and Z. Francis and E. Heise and H. Hoemann and M. Inzlicht and S. L. Koole and L. Koppel and F. Kroese and F. Lange and K. Lau and B. P. Lynch and C. Martijn and H. Merckelbach and N. V. Mills and A. Michirev and A. Miyake and A. E. Mosser and M. Muise and D. Muller and M. Muzi and D. Nalis and R. Nurwanti and H. Otgaar and M. C. Philipp and P. Primoceri and K. Rentzsch and L. Ringos and C. Schlinkert and B. J. Schmeichel and S. F. Schoch and M. Schrama and A. Schütz and A. Stamos and G. Tinghög and J. Ullrich and M. vanDellen and S. Wimbarti and W. Wolff and C. Yusainy and O. Zerhouni and M. Zwienenberg},
  title ={A Multilab Preregistered Replication of the Ego-Depletion Effect},
  journal = {Perspectives on Psychological Science},
  volume = {11},
  number = {4},
  pages = {546-573},
  year = {2016},
  doi = {10.1177/1745691616652873},
  note = {A meta-analysis that found insufficient evidence to substantiate the ego depletion effect.}
}

@article{Hake1998,
  author = {Richard R. Hake},
  title = {Interactive Engagement versus Traditional Methods: A Six-Thousand-Student Survey of Mechanics Test Data for Introductory Physics Courses},
  journal = {American Journal of Physics},
  volume = {66},
  number = {1},
  pages = {64--74},
  year = {1998},
  month = {1},
  publisher = {American Association of Physics Teachers ({AAPT})},
  doi = {10.1119/1.18809},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1119/1.18809},
  local = {hake-1998-interactive-engagement-vs-traditional-methods.pdf},
  note = {Reports the use of a concept inventory to measure the benefits of interactive engagement as a teaching technique.}
}

@article{Hamo2017,
  author = {Sally Hamouda and Stephen H. Edwards and Hicham G. Elmongui and Jeremy V. Ernst and Clifford A. Shaffer},
  title = {A Basic Recursion Concept Inventory},
  journal = {Computer Science Education},
  volume = {27},
  number = {2},
  pages = {121--148},
  year = {2017},
  month = {4},
  publisher = {Informa {UK} Limited},
  doi = {10.1080/08993408.2017.1414728},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1080/08993408.2017.1414728},
  local = {hamouda-2017-recursion-concept-inventory.pdf},
  note = {Reports early work on developing a concept inventory for recursion.}
}

@article{Hank2011,
  author = {Brian Hanks and Sue Fitzgerald and Renée McCauley and Laurie Murphy and Carol Zander},
  title = {Pair Programming in Education: a Literature Review},
  journal = {Computer Science Education},
  volume = {21},
  number = {2},
  pages = {135--173},
  year = {2011},
  month = {6},
  publisher = {Informa {UK} Limited},
  doi = {10.1080/08993408.2011.579808},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1080/08993408.2011.579808},
  local = {hanks-2011-pair-programming.pdf},
  note = {Reports increased success rates and retention with pair programming, with some evidence that it is particularly beneficial for women, but finds that scheduling and partner compatibility can be problematic.}
}

@article{Hann2009,
  author = {Jo Erskine Hannay and Tore Dybå and Erik Arisholm and Dag I. K. Sjøberg},
  title = {The Effectiveness of Pair Programming: A Meta-analysis},
  journal = {Information and Software Technology},
  volume = {51},
  number = {7},
  pages = {1110--1122},
  year = {2009},
  month = {7},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  doi = {10.1016/j.infsof.2009.02.001},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2009.02.001},
  local = {hannay-2009-pair-programming.pdf},
  note = {A comprehensive meta-analysis of research on pair programming.}
}

@article{Hann2010,
  author = {Jo Erskine Hannay and Erik Arisholm and Harald Engvik and Dag I. K. Sjøberg},
  title = {Effects of Personality on Pair Programming},
  journal = {{IEEE} Transactions on Software Engineering},
  volume = {36},
  number = {1},
  pages = {61--80},
  year = {2010},
  month = {1},
  publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})},
  doi = {10.1109/tse.2009.41},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2009.41},
  local = {hannay-2010-pair-personality.pdf},
  note = {Reports weak correlation between the ``Big Five'' personality traits and performance in pair programming.}
}

@article{Hans2015,
  author = {John D. Hansen and Justin Reich},
  title = {Democratizing education? Examining access and usage patterns in massive open online courses},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = {350},
  number = {6265},
  pages = {1245--1248},
  year = {2015},
  month = {12},
  publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science ({AAAS})},
  doi = {10.1126/science.aab3782},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aab3782},
  local = {hansen-2015-mooc-usage.pdf},
  note = {Reports that MOOCs are mostly used by the affluent.}
}

@inproceedings{Harm2016,
  author = {Kyle James Harms and Jason Chen and Caitlin L. Kelleher},
  title = {Distractors in {Parsons Problems} Decrease Learning Efficiency for Young Novice Programmers},
  booktitle = {2016 International Computing Education Research Conference ({ICER'16})},
  year = {2016},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/2960310.2960314},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2960310.2960314},
  local = {harms-2016-parsons-distractors.pdf},
  note = {Shows that adding distractors to Parsons Problems does not improve learning outcomes but increases solution times.}
}

@inproceedings{Harr2018,
  author = {Brian Harrington and Nick Cheng},
  title = {Tracing vs. Writing Code: Beyond the Learning Hierarchy},
  booktitle = {2018 Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education ({SIGCSE'18})},
  year = {2018},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/3159450.3159530},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3159450.3159530},
  local = {harrington-2018-tracing-vs-writing.pdf},
  note = {Finds that the gap between being able to trace code and being able to write it has largely closed by CS2, and that students who still have a gap (in either direction) are likely to do poorly in the course.}
}

@book{Hazz2014,
  author = {Orit Hazzan and Tami Lapidot and Noa Ragonis},
  title = {Guide to Teaching Computer Science: An Activity-Based Approach},
  edition = {Second},
  year = {2014},
  publisher = {Springer},
  isbn = {9781447166290},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/9781447166290},
  note = {A textbook for teaching computer science at the K-12 level with dozens of activities.}
}

@book{Hend2015a,
  author = {Charles Henderson and Renée Cole and Jeff Froyd and Debra Friedrichsen and Raina Khatri and Courtney Stanford},
  title = {Designing Educational Innovations for Sustained Adoption},
  year = {2015},
  publisher = {Increase the Impact},
  isbn = {0996835210},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/0996835210},
  note = {A detailed analysis of strategies for getting institutions in higher education to make changes.}
}

@misc{Hend2015b,
  author = {Charles Henderson and Renée Cole and Jeff Froyd and Debra Friedrichsen and Raina Khatri and Courtney Stanford},
  title = {Designing Educational Innovations for Sustained Adoption (Executive Summary)},
  year = {2015},
  publisher = {Increase the Impact},
  howpublished = {\url{http://www.increasetheimpact.com/resources.html}},
  local = {henderson-2015-adoption-summary.pdf},
  note = {A short summary of key points from the authors' work on effecting change in higher education.}
}

@book{Hend2017,
  author = {Carl Hendrick and Robin Macpherson},
  title = {What Does This Look Like In The Classroom?: Bridging The Gap Between Research And Practice},
  year = {2017},
  publisher = {John Catt Educational},
  isbn = {9781911382379},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/9781911382379},
  note = {A collection of responses by educational experts to questions asked by classroom teachers, with prefaces by the authors.}
}

@article{Henr2010,
  author = {Joseph Henrich and Steven J. Heine and Ara Norenzayan},
  title = {The Weirdest People in the World?},
  journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
  volume = {33},
  number = {2-3},
  pages = {61--83},
  year = {2010},
  month = {6},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  doi = {10.1017/s0140525x0999152x},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x0999152x},
  local = {henrich-2010-weird-people.pdf},
  note = {Points out that the subjects of most published psychological studies are Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic.}
}

@article{Hest1992,
  author = {David Hestenes and Malcolm Wells and Gregg Swackhamer},
  title = {Force Concept Inventory},
  journal = {The Physics Teacher},
  volume = {30},
  number = {3},
  pages = {141--158},
  year = {1992},
  month = {3},
  publisher = {American Association of Physics Teachers ({AAPT})},
  doi = {10.1119/1.2343497},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1119/1.2343497},
  local = {hestenes-1992-force-concept-inventory.pdf},
  note = {Describes the Force Concept Inventory's motivation, design, and impact.}
}

@book{Hick2018,
  author = {Marie Hicks},
  title = {Programmed Inequality: How Britain Discarded Women Technologists and Lost Its Edge in Computing},
  year = {2018},
  publisher = {{MIT} Press},
  isbn = {9780262535182},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/9780262535182},
  note = {Describes how Britain lost its early dominance in computing by systematically discriminating against its most qualified workers: women.}
}

@inproceedings{Hofm2017,
  author = {Johannes Hofmeister and Janet Siegmund and Daniel V. Holt},
  title = {Shorter Identifier Names Take Longer to Comprehend},
  booktitle = {2017 Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering ({SANER'17})},
  year = {2017},
  month = {2},
  publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})},
  doi = {10.1109/saner.2017.7884623},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1109/saner.2017.7884623},
  local = {hofmeister-2017-identifier-names.pdf},
  note = {Reports that using words for variable names makes comprehension faster than using abbreviations or single-letter names for variables.}
}

@article{Holl1960,
  author = {Jack Hollingsworth},
  title = {Automatic Graders for Programming Classes},
  journal = {Communications of the {ACM}},
  volume = {3},
  number = {10},
  pages = {528--529},
  year = {1960},
  month = {10},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/367415.367422},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/367415.367422},
  local = {hollingsworth-1960-automatic-graders.pdf},
  note = {A brief note describing what may have been the world's first auto-grader.}
}

@inproceedings{Hu2017,
  author = {Helen H. Hu and Cecily Heiner and Thomas Gagne and Carl Lyman},
  title = {Building a Statewide Computer Science Teacher Pipeline},
  booktitle = {2017 Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education ({SIGCSE'17})},
  year = {2017},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/3017680.3017788},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3017680.3017788},
  local = {hu-2017-statewide-teacher-pipeline.pdf},
  note = {Reports that a six-month program for high school teachers converting to teach CS quadruples the number of teachers without noticeable reduction of student outcomes and increases teachers' belief that anyone can program.}
}

@book{Hust2012,
  author = {Therese Huston},
  title = {Teaching What You Don't Know},
  year = {2012},
  publisher = {Harvard University Press},
  isbn = {0674066170},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/0674066170},
  note = {A pointed, funny, and very useful exploration of exactly what the title says.}
}

@comment{III}

@inproceedings{Ihan2010,
  author = {Petri Ihantola and Tuukka Ahoniemi and Ville Karavirta and Otto Seppälä},
  title = {Review of Recent Systems for Automatic Assessment of Programming Assignments},
  booktitle = {2010 Koli Calling Conference on Computing Education Research ({Koli'10})},
  year = {2010},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/1930464.1930480},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/1930464.1930480},
  local = {ihantola-2010-autograding-review.pdf},
  note = {Reviews auto-grading tools of the time.}
}

@article{Ihan2011,
  author = {Petri Ihantola and Ville Karavirta},
  title = {Two-dimensional {Parson's Puzzles}: The Concept, Tools, and First Observations},
  journal = {Journal of Information Technology Education: Innovations in Practice},
  volume = {10},
  pages = {119--132},
  year = {2011},
  publisher = {Informing Science Institute},
  doi = {10.28945/1394},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.28945/1394},
  local = {ihantola-2011-parsons-2d.pdf},
  note = {Describes a 2D Parsons Problem tool and early experiences with it that confirm that experts solve outside-in rather than line-by-line.}
}

@inproceedings{Ihan2016,
  author = {Petri Ihantola and Kelly Rivers and Miguel Ángel Rubio and Judy Sheard and Bronius Skupas and Jaime Spacco and Claudia Szabo and Daniel Toll and Arto Vihavainen and Alireza Ahadi and Matthew Butler and Jürgen Börstler and Stephen H. Edwards and Essi Isohanni and Ari Korhonen and Andrew Petersen},
  title = {Educational Data Mining and Learning Analytics in Programming: Literature Review and Case Studies},
  booktitle = {2016 Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education ({ITiCSE'16})},
  year = {2016},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/2858796.2858798},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2858796.2858798},
  local = {ihantola-2016-educational-data-mining.pdf},
  note = {A survey of methods used in mining and analyzing programming data.}
}

@inproceedings{Ijss2000,
  author = {Wijnand A. IJsselsteijn and Huib de Ridder and Jonathan Freeman and Steve E. Avons},
  editor = {Bernice E. Rogowitz and Thrasyvoulos N. Pappas},
  title = {Presence: Concept, Determinants, and Measurement},
  booktitle = {2000 Conference on Human Vision and Electronic Imaging},
  year = {2000},
  month = {6},
  publisher = {SPIE},
  doi = {10.1117/12.387188},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.387188},
  local = {ijsselsteijn-2000-presence.pdf},
  note = {Summarizes thinking of the time about real and virtual presence.}
}

@article{Irib2009,
  author = {Alicia Iriberri and Gondy Leroy},
  title = {A Life-Cycle Perspective on Online Community Success},
  journal = {{ACM} Computing Surveys},
  volume = {41},
  number = {2},
  pages = {1--29},
  year = {2009},
  month = {2},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/1459352.1459356},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/1459352.1459356},
  local = {iriberri-2009-online-community-success.pdf},
  note = {Reviews research on online communities organized according to a five-stage lifecycle model.}
}

@comment{JJJ}

@article{Juss2005,
  author = {Lee Jussim and Kent D. Harber},
  title = {Teacher Expectations and Self-Fulfilling Prophecies: Knowns and Unknowns, Resolved and Unresolved Controversies},
  journal = {Personality and Social Psychology Review},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {131--155},
  year = {2005},
  month = {5},
  publisher = {{SAGE} Publications},
  doi = {10.1207/s15327957pspr0902_3},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr0902_3},
  local = {jussim-2005-expectations.pdf},
  note = {A survey of the effects of teacher expectations on student outcomes.}
}

@comment{KKK}

@article{Kaly2003,
  author = {Slava Kalyuga and Paul Ayres and Paul Chandler and John Sweller},
  title = {The Expertise Reversal Effect},
  journal = {Educational Psychologist},
  volume = {38},
  number = {1},
  pages = {23--31},
  year = {2003},
  month = {3},
  publisher = {Informa {UK} Limited},
  doi = {10.1207/s15326985ep3801_4},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326985ep3801_4},
  local = {kalyuga-2003-expertise-reversal.pdf},
  note = {Reports that instructional techniques that work well with inexperienced learners lose their effectiveness or have negative consequences when used with more experienced learners.}
}

@article{Kaly2015,
  author = {Slava Kalyuga and Anne-Marie Singh},
  title = {Rethinking the Boundaries of Cognitive Load Theory in Complex Learning},
  journal = {Educational Psychology Review},
  volume = {28},
  number = {4},
  pages = {831--852},
  year = {2015},
  month = {12},
  publisher = {Springer Nature},
  doi = {10.1007/s10648-015-9352-0},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-015-9352-0},
  local = {kalyua-2015-rethinking.pdf},
  note = {Argues that cognitive load theory is basically micro-management within a broader pedagogical context.}
}

@article{Kang2016,
  author = {Sean H. K. Kang},
  title = {Spaced Repetition Promotes Efficient and Effective Learning},
  journal = {Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {12--19},
  year = {2016},
  month = {1},
  publisher = {{SAGE} Publications},
  doi = {10.1177/2372732215624708},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1177/2372732215624708},
  local = {kang-2016-spaced-repetition.pdf},
  note = {Summarizes research on spaced repetition and what it means for classroom teaching.}
}

@article{Kapu2016,
  author = {Manu Kapur},
  title = {Examining Productive Failure, Productive Success, Unproductive Failure, and Unproductive Success in Learning},
  journal = {Educational Psychologist},
  volume = {51},
  number = {2},
  pages = {289--299},
  year = {2016},
  month = {4},
  publisher = {Informa {UK} Limited},
  doi = {10.1080/00461520.2016.1155457},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2016.1155457},
  local = {kapur-2016-productive-failure.pdf},
  note = {Looks at productive failure as an alternative to inquiry-based learning and approaches based on cognitive load theory.}
}

@article{Karp2008,
  author = {Jeffrey D. Karpicke and Henry L. Roediger},
  title = {The Critical Importance of Retrieval for Learning},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = {319},
  number = {5865},
  pages = {966--968},
  year = {2008},
  month = {2},
  publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science ({AAAS})},
  doi = {10.1126/science.1152408},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1152408},
  local = {karpicke-2008-retrieval.pdf},
  note = {Reports that repeated testing improves recall of word lists from 35\% to 80\%, even when learners can still access the material but are not tested on it.}
}

@article{Kauf2000,
  author = {Deborah B. Kaufman and Richard M. Felder},
  title = {Accounting for Individual Effort in Cooperative Learning Teams},
  journal = {Journal of Engineering Education},
  volume = {89},
  number = {2},
  year = {2000},
  local = {kaufman-2000-individual-effort.pdf},
  note = {Reports that self-rating and peer ratings in undergraduate courses agree, that collusion isn't significant, that students don't inflate their self-ratings, and that ratings are not biased by gender or race.}
}

@article{Keme2009,
  author = {Chris F. Kemerer and Mark C. Paulk},
  title = {The Impact of Design and Code Reviews on Software Quality: An Empirical Study Based on {PSP} Data},
  journal = {{IEEE} Transactions on Software Engineering},
  volume = {35},
  number = {4},
  pages = {534--550},
  year = {2009},
  month = {7},
  publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})},
  doi = {10.1109/tse.2009.27},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2009.27},
  local = {kemerer-2009-code-review.pdf},
  note = {Uses individual data to explore the effectiveness of code review.}
}

@article{Kepp2008,
  author = {Jeroen Keppens and David Hay},
  title = {Concept Map Assessment for Teaching Computer Programming},
  journal = {Computer Science Education},
  volume = {18},
  number = {1},
  pages = {31--42},
  year = {2008},
  month = {3},
  publisher = {Informa {UK} Limited},
  doi = {10.1080/08993400701864880},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1080/08993400701864880},
  local = {keppens-2008-concept-maps.pdf},
  note = {A short review of ways concept mapping can be used in CS education.}
}

@book{Kern1978,
  author = {Brian W. Kernighan and P. J. Plauger},
  title = {The Elements of Programming Style},
  edition = {Second},
  year = {1978},
  publisher = {McGraw-Hill},
  isbn = {0070342075},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/0070342075},
  note = {An early and influential description of the Unix programming philosophy.}
}

@book{Kern1983,
  author = {Brian W. Kernighan and Rob Pike},
  title = {The Unix Programming Environment},
  year = {1983},
  publisher = {Prentice-Hall},
  isbn = {013937681X},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/013937681X},
  note = {An influential early description of Unix.}
}

@book{Kern1988,
  author = {Brian W. Kernighan and Dennis M. Ritchie},
  title = {The C Programming Language},
  edition = {Second},
  year = {1988},
  publisher = {Prentice-Hall},
  isbn = {0131103628},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/0131103628},
  note = {The book that made C a popular programming language.}
}

@book{Kern1999,
  author = {Brian W. Kernighan and Rob Pike},
  title = {The Practice of Programming},
  year = {1999},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
  isbn = {9788177582482},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/9788177582482},
  note = {A programming style manual written by two of the creators of modern computing.}
}

@inproceedings{Keun2016a,
  author = {Hieke Keuning and Johan Jeuring and Bastiaan Heeren},
  title = {Towards a Systematic Review of Automated Feedback Generation for Programming Exercises},
  booktitle = {2016 Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education ({ITiCSE'16})},
  year = {2016},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/2899415.2899422},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2899415.2899422},
  local = {keuning-2016-automated-feedback-review.pdf},
  note = {Reports that auto-grading tools often do not give feedback on what to do next, and that teachers cannot easily adapt most of the tools to their needs.}
}

@misc{Keun2016b,
  author = {Hieke Keuning and Johan Jeuring and Bastiaan Heeren},
  title = {Towards a Systematic Review of Automated Feedback Generation for Programming Exercises - Extended Version},
  year = {2016},
  howpublished = {Technical Report UU-CS-2016-001, Utrecht University},
  link = {http://www.cs.uu.nl/research/techreps/repo/CS-2016/2016-001.pdf},
  local = {keuning-2016-automated-feedback-review-tr.pdf},
  note = {An extended look at feedback messages from auto-grading tools.}
}

@inproceedings{Kim2017,
  author = {Ada S. Kim and Andrew J. Ko},
  title = {A Pedagogical Analysis of Online Coding Tutorials},
  booktitle = {2017 Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education ({SIGCSE'17})},
  year = {2017},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/3017680.3017728},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3017680.3017728},
  local = {kim-2017-online-coding-tutorials.pdf},
  note = {Reports that online coding tutorials largely teach similar content, organize content bottom-up, and provide goal-directed practices with immediate feedback, but are not tailored to learners' prior coding knowledge and usually don't tell learners how to transfer and apply knowledge.}
}

@article{King1993,
  author = {Alison King},
  title = {From Sage on the Stage to Guide on the Side},
  journal = {College Teaching},
  volume = {41},
  number = {1},
  pages = {30--35},
  year = {1993},
  month = {1},
  publisher = {Informa {UK} Limited},
  doi = {10.1080/87567555.1993.9926781},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1080/87567555.1993.9926781},
  local = {king-1993-guide-on-the-side.pdf},
  note = {An early proposal to flip the classroom.}
}

@book{Kirk1994,
  author = {Donald L. Kirkpatrick},
  title = {Evaluating Training Programs: The Four Levels},
  year = {1994},
  publisher = {Berrett-Koehle},
  isbn = {1881052494},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/9781881052494},
  note = {Defines a widely-used four-level model for evaluating training.}
}

@article{Kirs2006,
  author = {Paul A. Kirschner and John Sweller and Richard E. Clark},
  title = {Why Minimal Guidance During Instruction does not Work: An Analysis of the Failure of Constructivist, Discovery, Problem-Based, Experiential, and Inquiry-Based Teaching},
  journal = {Educational Psychologist},
  volume = {41},
  number = {2},
  pages = {75--86},
  year = {2006},
  month = {6},
  publisher = {Informa {UK} Limited},
  doi = {10.1207/s15326985ep4102_1},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326985ep4102_1},
  local = {kirschner-2006-minimal-guidance-fails.pdf},
  note = {Argues that inquiry-based learning is less effective for novices than guided instruction.}
}

@article{Kirs2013,
  author = {Paul A. Kirschner and Jeroen J. G. {van Merriënboer}},
  title = {Do Learners Really Know Best? {Urban} Legends in Education},
  journal = {Educational Psychologist},
  volume = {48},
  number = {3},
  pages = {169--183},
  year = {2013},
  month = {7},
  publisher = {Informa {UK} Limited},
  doi = {10.1080/00461520.2013.804395},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2013.804395},
  local = {kirschner-2013-do-learners-know-best.pdf},
  note = {Argues that three learning myths---digital natives, learning styles, and self-educators---all reflect the mistaken belief that learners know what is best for them, and cautions that we may be in a downward spiral in which every attempt by education researchers to rebut these myths confirms their opponents' belief that learning science is pseudo-science.}
}

@article{Kirs2018,
  author = {Paul A. Kirschner and John Sweller and Femke Kirschner and Jimmy {Zambrano R.}},
  title = {From Cognitive Load Theory to Collaborative Cognitive Load Theory},
  journal = {International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning},
  year = {2018},
  month = {4},
  publisher = {Springer Nature},
  doi = {10.1007/s11412-018-9277-y},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11412-018-9277-y},
  local = {kirschner-2018-collaborative.pdf},
  note = {Extends cognitive load theory to include collaborative aspects of learning.}
}

@inproceedings{Koed2015,
  author = {Kenneth R. Koedinger and Jihee Kim and Julianna Zhuxin Jia and Elizabeth A. McLaughlin and Norman L. Bier},
  title = {Learning is Not a Spectator Sport: Doing is Better than Watching for Learning from a MOOC},
  booktitle = {2015 Conference on Learning @ Scale ({L@S'15})},
  year = {2015},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/2724660.2724681},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2724660.2724681},
  local = {koedinger-2015-doing-watching.pdf},
  note = {Measures the benefits of doing rather than watching.}
}

@article{Koeh2013,
  author = {Matthew J. Koehler and Punya Mishra and William Cain},
  title = {What is Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge ({TPACK})?},
  journal = {Journal of Education},
  volume = {193},
  number = {3},
  pages = {13-19},
  year = {2013},
  doi = {10.1177/002205741319300303},
  link = {uttps://doi.org/10.1177/002205741319300303},
  local = {koehler-2013-what-is-tpack.pdf},
  note = {Refines the discussion of PCK by adding technology, and sketches strategies for building understanding of how to use it.}
}

@inproceedings{Kohn2017,
  author = {Tobias Kohn},
  title = {Variable Evaluation: An Exploration of Novice Programmers' Understanding and Common Misconceptions},
  booktitle = {2017 Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education ({SIGCSE'17})},
  year = {2017},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/3017680.3017724},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3017680.3017724},
  local = {kohn-2017-variable-evaluation.pdf},
  note = {Reports that students often believe in delayed evaluation or that entire equations are stored in variables.}
}

@article{Koll2015,
  author = {Michael Kölling},
  title = {Lessons From the Design of Three Educational Programming Environments},
  journal = {International Journal of People-Oriented Programming},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {5--32},
  year = {2015},
  month = {1},
  publisher = {{IGI} Global},
  doi = {10.4018/ijpop.2015010102},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.4018/ijpop.2015010102},
  local = {kolling-2015-lessons-learned.pdf},
  note = {Compares three generations of programming environments intended for novice use.}
}

@book{Krau2016,
  author = {Robert E. Kraut and Paul Resnick},
  title = {Building Successful Online Communities: Evidence-Based Social Design},
  year = {2016},
  publisher = {{MIT} Press},
  isbn = {0262528916},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/0262528916},
  note = {Sums up what we actually know about making thriving online communities and why we believe it's true.}
}

@article{Krug1999,
  author = {Justin Kruger and David Dunning},
  title = {Unskilled and Unaware of it: How Difficulties in Recognizing One's Own Incompetence Lead to Inflated Self-Assessments},
  journal = {Journal of Personality and Social Psychology},
  volume = {77},
  number = {6},
  pages = {1121--1134},
  year = {1999},
  publisher = {American Psychological Association ({APA})},
  doi = {10.1037/0022-3514.77.6.1121},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.77.6.1121},
  local = {kruger-1999-unskilled-unaware.pdf},
  note = {The original report on the Dunning-Kruger effect: the less people know, the less accurate their estimate of their knowledge.}
}

@book{Kuch2011,
  author = {Marc J. Kuchner},
  title = {Marketing for Scientists: How to Shine in Tough Times},
  year = {2011},
  publisher = {Island Press},
  isbn = {1597269948},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/1597269948},
  note = {A short, readable guide to making people aware of, and care about, your work.}
}

@article{Kuit2004,
  author = {Marja Kuittinen and Jorma Sajaniemi},
  title = {Teaching Roles of Variables in Elementary Programming Courses},
  journal = {{ACM} {SIGCSE} Bulletin},
  volume = {36},
  number = {3},
  pages = {57},
  year = {2004},
  month = {9},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/1026487.1008014},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/1026487.1008014},
  local = {kuittinen-2004-patterns.pdf},
  note = {Presents a few patterns used in novice programming and the pedagogical value of teaching them.}
}

@article{Kulk2013,
  author = {Chinmay Kulkarni and Koh Pang Wei and Huy Le and Daniel Chia and Kathryn Papadopoulos and Justin Cheng and Daphne Koller and Scott R. Klemmer},
  title = {Peer and Self Assessment in Massive Online Classes},
  journal = {{ACM} Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction},
  volume = {20},
  number = {6},
  pages = {1--31},
  year = {2013},
  month = {12},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/2505057},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2505057},
  local = {kulkarni-2013-peer-grading.pdf},
  note = {Shows that peer grading can be as effective at scale as expert grading.}
}

@comment{LLL}

@article{Laba2008,
  author = {David F. Labaree},
  title = {The Winning Ways of a Losing Strategy: Educationalizing Social Problems in the {United States}},
  journal = {Educational Theory},
  volume = {58},
  number = {4},
  pages = {447--460},
  year = {2008},
  month = {11},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1741-5446.2008.00299.x},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-5446.2008.00299.x},
  local = {labaree-2008-educationalization.pdf},
  note = {Explores why the United States keeps pushing the solution of social problems onto educational institutions, and why that continues not to work.}
}

@article{Lach2018,
  author = {Michael Lachney},
  title = {Computational Communities: {African-American} Cultural Capital in Computer Science Education},
  journal = {Computer Science Education},
  pages = {1--22},
  year = {2018},
  month = {2},
  publisher = {Informa {UK} Limited},
  doi = {10.1080/08993408.2018.1429062},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1080/08993408.2018.1429062},
  local = {lachney-2018-computational-communities.pdf},
  note = {Explores use of community representation and computational integration to bridge computing and African-American cultural capital in CS education.}
}

@book{Lake2018,
  author = {George Lakey},
  title = {How We Win: A Guide to Nonviolent Direct Action Campaigning},
  publisher = {Melville House},
  year = {2018},
  isbn = {978-1612197531},
  note = {A short experience-based guide to effective campaigning.}
}

@book{Lang2013,
  author = {James M. Lang},
  title = {Cheating Lessons: Learning from Academic Dishonesty},
  year = {2013},
  publisher = {Harvard University Press},
  isbn = {0674724631},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/0674724631},
  note = {Explores why students cheat, and how courses often give them incentives to do so.}
}

@book{Lang2016,
  author = {James M. Lang},
  title = {Small Teaching: Everyday Lessons from the Science of Learning},
  year = {2016},
  publisher = {Jossey-Bass},
  isbn = {9781118944493},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/9781118944493},
  note = {Presents a selection of accessible evidence-based practices that teachers can adopt when they little time and few resources.}
}

@article{Lazo1993,
  author = {Ard W. Lazonder and Hans {van der Meij}},
  title = {The Minimal Manual: Is Less Really More?},
  journal = {International Journal of Man-Machine Studies},
  volume = {39},
  number = {5},
  pages = {729--752},
  year = {1993},
  month = {11},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  doi = {10.1006/imms.1993.1081},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1006/imms.1993.1081},
  local = {lazonder-1993-minimal-instruction.pdf},
  note = {Reports that the minimal manual approach to instruction outperforms traditional approaches regardless of prior experience with computers.}
}

@inproceedings{Leak2017,
  author = {Mackenzie Leake and Colleen M. Lewis},
  title = {Recommendations for Designing {CS} Resource Sharing Sites for All Teachers},
  booktitle = {2017 Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education ({SIGCSE'17})},
  year = {2017},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/3017680.3017780},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3017680.3017780},
  local = {leake-2017-resource-sharing.pdf},
  note = {Explores why CS teachers don't use resource sharing sites and recommends ways to make them more appealing.}
}

@inproceedings{Lee2013,
  author = {Cynthia Bailey Lee},
  title = {Experience Report: {CS1} in {MATLAB} for Non-Majors, with Media Computation and Peer Instruction},
  booktitle = {2013 Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education ({SIGCSE'13})},
  year = {2013},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/2445196.2445214},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2445196.2445214},
  local = {lee-2013-cs1-matlab.pdf},
  note = {Describes an adaptation of media computation to a first-year MATLAB course.}
}

@misc{Lee2017,
  author = {Cynthia Bailey Lee},
  title = {What Can I Do Today to Create a More Inclusive Community in {CS}?},
  year = {2017},
  howpublished = {\url{http://bit.ly/2oynmSH}},
  local = {lee-2015-create-inclusive-community.pdf},
  note = {A practical checklist of things instructors can do to make their computing classes more inclusive.}
}

@book{Lemo2014,
  author = {Doug Lemov},
  title = {Teach Like a Champion 2.0: 62 Techniques that Put Students on the Path to College},
  year = {2014},
  publisher = {Jossey-Bass},
  isbn = {1118901851},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/1118901851},
  note = {Presents 62 classroom techniques drawn from intensive study of thousands of hours of video of good teachers in action.}
}

@inproceedings{Lewi2015,
  author = {Colleen M. Lewis and Niral Shah},
  title = {How Equity and Inequity Can Emerge in Pair Programming},
  booktitle = {2015 International Computing Education Research Conference ({ICER'15})},
  year = {2015},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/2787622.2787716},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2787622.2787716},
  local = {lewis-2015-pair-programming-inequity.pdf},
  note = {Reports a study of pair programming in a middle-grade classroom in which less equitable pairs were ones that sought to complete the task quickly.}
}

@inproceedings{List2004,
  author = {Raymond Lister and Otto Seppälä and Beth Simon and Lynda Thomas and Elizabeth S. Adams and Sue Fitzgerald and William Fone and John Hamer and Morten Lindholm and Robert McCartney and Jan Erik Moström and Kate Sanders},
  title = {A Multi-National Study of Reading and Tracing Skills in Novice Programmers},
  booktitle = {2004 Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education ({ITiCSE'04})},
  year = {2004},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/1044550.1041673},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/1044550.1041673},
  local = {lister-2004-multinational-reading-tracing-novice-programmers.pdf},
  note = {Reports that students are weak at both predicting the outcome of executing a short piece of code and at selecting the correct completion for short pieces of code.}
}

@article{List2009,
  author = {Raymond Lister and Colin Fidge and Donna Teague},
  title = {Further Evidence of a Relationship Between Explaining, Tracing and Writing Skills in Introductory Programming},
  journal = {{ACM} {SIGCSE} Bulletin},
  volume = {41},
  number = {3},
  pages = {161},
  year = {2009},
  month = {8},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/1595496.1562930},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/1595496.1562930},
  local = {lister-2009-explaining-tracing-writing-programming.pdf},
  note = {Replicates earlier studies showing that students who cannot trace code usually cannot explain code and that students who tend to perform reasonably well at code writing tasks have also usually acquired the ability to both trace code and explain code.}
}

@book{Litt2004,
  author = {Dennis Littky},
  title = {The Big Picture: Education Is Everyone's Business},
  year = {2004},
  publisher = {Association for Supervision \& Curriculum Development ({ASCD})},
  isbn = {0871209713},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/0871209713},
  note = {Essays on the purpose of education and how to make schools better.}
}

@article{Luxt2009,
  author = {Andrew Luxton-Reilly},
  title = {A Systematic Review of Tools That Support Peer Assessment},
  journal = {Computer Science Education},
  volume = {19},
  number = {4},
  pages = {209--232},
  year = {2009},
  month = {12},
  publisher = {Informa {UK} Limited},
  doi = {10.1080/08993400903384844},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1080/08993400903384844},
  local = {luxtonreilly-2009-peer-assessment.pdf},
  note = {Surveys peer assessment tools that may be of use in computing education.}
}

@inproceedings{Luxt2017,
  author = {Andrew Luxton-Reilly and Jacqueline Whalley and Brett A. Becker and Yingjun Cao and Roger McDermott and Claudio Mirolo and Andreas Mühling and Andrew Petersen and Kate Sanders and Simon},
  title = {Developing Assessments to Determine Mastery of Programming Fundamentals},
  booktitle = {2017 Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education ({ITiCSE'17})},
  year = {2017},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/3174781.3174784},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3174781.3174784},
  local = {luxtonreilly-2017-development-assessments.pdf},
  note = {Synthesizes work from many previous works to determine what CS instructors are actually teaching, how those things depend on each other, and how they might be assessed.}
}

@comment{MMM}

@article{Macn2014,
  author = {Brooke N. Macnamara and David Z. Hambrick and Frederick L. Oswald},
  title = {Deliberate Practice and Performance in Music, Games, Sports, Education, and Professions: A Meta-Analysis},
  journal = {Psychological Science},
  volume = {25},
  number = {8},
  pages = {1608--1618},
  year = {2014},
  month = {7},
  publisher = {{SAGE} Publications},
  doi = {10.1177/0956797614535810},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797614535810},
  local = {macnamara-2014-deliberate-practice.pdf},
  note = {A meta-study of the effectiveness of deliberate practice.}
}

@article{Magu2018,
  author = {Phil Maguire and Rebecca Maguire and Robert Kelly},
  title = {Using Automatic Machine Assessment to Teach Computer Programming},
  journal = {Computer Science Education},
  pages = {1--18},
  year = {2018},
  month = {2},
  publisher = {Informa {UK} Limited},
  doi = {10.1080/08993408.2018.1435113},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1080/08993408.2018.1435113},
  local = {maguire-2018-automatic-assessment.pdf},
  note = {Reports that weekly machine-evaluated tests are a better predictor of exam scores than labs (but that students didn't like the system).}
}

@article{Malo2010,
  author = {John Maloney and Mitchel Resnick and Natalie Rusk and Brian Silverman and Evelyn Eastmond},
  title = {The {Scratch} Programming Language and Environment},
  journal = {{ACM} Transactions on Computing Education},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {1--15},
  year = {2010},
  month = {11},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/1868358.1868363},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/1868358.1868363},
  local = {maloney-2010-scratch.pdf},
  note = {Summarizes the design of the first generation of Scratch.}
}

@book{Majo2015,
  author = {Claire Howell Major and Michael S. Harris and Tod Zakrajsek},
  title = {Teaching for Learning: 101 Intentionally Designed Educational Activities to Put Students on the Path to Success},
  year = {2015},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  isbn = {0415699363},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/9780415699365},
  note = {Catalogs a hundred different kinds of exercises to do with students.}
}

@book{Mann2015,
  author = {Mary Lynn Manns and Linda Rising},
  title = {Fearless Change: Patterns for Introducing New Ideas},
  year = {2015},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
  isbn = {9780201741575},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/9780201741575},
  note = {A catalog of patterns for making change happen in large organizations.}
}

@inproceedings{Marc2011,
  author = {Guillaume Marceau and Kathi Fisler and Shriram Krishnamurthi},
  title = {Measuring the Effectiveness of Error Messages Designed for Novice Programmers},
  booktitle = {2011 Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education ({SIGCSE'11})},
  year = {2011},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/1953163.1953308},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/1953163.1953308},
  local = {marceau-2011-error-messages.pdf},
  note = {Looks at edit-level responses to error messages, and introduces a useful rubric for classifying user responses to errors.}
}

@article{Marg2015,
  author = {Anoush Margaryan and Manuela Bianco and Allison Littlejohn},
  title = {Instructional Quality of Massive Open Online Courses ({MOOCs})},
  journal = {Computers \& Education},
  volume = {80},
  pages = {77--83},
  year = {2015},
  month = {1},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  doi = {10.1016/j.compedu.2014.08.005},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2014.08.005},
  local = {margaryan-2015-moocs.pdf},
  note = {Reports that instructional design quality in MOOCs poor, but that the organization and presentation of material is good.}
}

@book{Marg2003,
  author = {Jane Margolis and Allan Fisher},
  title = {Unlocking the Clubhouse: Women in Computing},
  year = {2003},
  publisher = {{MIT} Press},
  isbn = {0262632691},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/0262632691},
  note = {A groundbreaking report on the gender imbalance in computing, and the steps Carnegie-Mellon took to address the problem.}
}

@book{Marg2010,
  author = {Jane Margolis and Rachel Estrella and Joanna Goode and Jennifer Jellison Holme and Kim Nao},
  title = {Stuck in the Shallow End: Education, Race, and Computing},
  year = {2010},
  publisher = {{MIT} Press},
  isbn = {0262514044},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/0262514044},
  note = {Dissects the school structures and belief systems that lead to under-representation of African American and Latinx students in computing.}
}

@inproceedings{Marg2012,
  author = {Lauren E. Margulieux and Mark Guzdial and Richard Catrambone},
  title = {Subgoal-labeled Instructional Material Improves Performance and Transfer in Learning to Develop Mobile Applications},
  booktitle = {2012 International Computing Education Research Conference ({ICER'12})},
  pages = {71--78},
  year = {2012},
  publisher = {{ACM} Press},
  doi = {10.1145/2361276.2361291},
  local = {margulieux-2012-subgoals.pdf},
  note = {Reports that labelled subgoals improve outcomes and transference when learning about mobile app development.}
}

@article{Marg2016,
  author = {Lauren E. Margulieux and Richard Catrambone and Mark Guzdial},
  title = {Employing Subgoals in Computer Programming Education},
  journal = {Computer Science Education},
  volume = {26},
  number = {1},
  pages = {44--67},
  year = {2016},
  month = {1},
  publisher = {Informa {UK} Limited},
  doi = {10.1080/08993408.2016.1144429},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1080/08993408.2016.1144429},
  local = {margulieux-2016-subgoals.pdf},
  note = {Reports that labelled subgoals improve learning outcomes in introductory computing courses.}
}

@article{Mark2018,
  author = {Rebecca A. Markovits and Yana Weinstein},
  title = {Can Cognitive Processes Help Explain the Success of Instructional Techniques Recommended by Behavior Analysts?},
  journal = {NPJ Science of Learning},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  year = {2018},
  month = {1},
  publisher = {Springer Nature},
  doi = {10.1038/s41539-017-0018-1},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-017-0018-1},
  local = {markovits-2018-cognitive-process.pdf},
  note = {Points out that behavioralists and cognitive psychologists differ in approach, but wind up making very similar recommendations about how to teach, and gives two specific examples.}
}

@article{Mars2002,
  author = {Herbert W. Marsh and John Hattie},
  title = {The Relation Between Research Productivity and Teaching Effectiveness: Complementary, Antagonistic, or Independent Constructs?},
  journal = {Journal of Higher Education},
  volume = {73},
  number = {5},
  pages = {603--641},
  year = {2002},
  publisher = {Informa {UK} Limited},
  doi = {10.1353/jhe.2002.0047},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1353/jhe.2002.0047},
  local = {marsh-2002-effectiveness.pdf},
  note = {One study of many showing there is zero correlation between research ability and teaching effectiveness.}
}

@inproceedings{Masa2018,
  author = {Susana Masapanta-Carrión and J. Ángel Velázquez-Iturbide},
  title = {A Systematic Review of the Use of {Bloom's Taxonomy} in Computer Science Education},
  booktitle = {2018 Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education ({SIGCSE'18})},
  year = {2018},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/3159450.3159491},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3159450.3159491},
  local = {masapantacarrion-2018-blooms-cs-ed.pdf},
  note = {Reports that even experienced educators have trouble agreeing on the correct classification for a question or idea using Bloom's Taxonomy.}
}

@article{Maso2016,
  author = {Raina Mason and Carolyn Seton and Graham Cooper},
  title = {Applying Cognitive Load Theory to the Redesign of a Conventional Database Systems Course},
  journal = {Computer Science Education},
  volume = {26},
  number = {1},
  pages = {68--87},
  year = {2016},
  month = {1},
  publisher = {Informa {UK} Limited},
  doi = {10.1080/08993408.2016.1160597},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1080/08993408.2016.1160597},
  local = {mason-2016-cognitive-load-redesign.pdf},
  note = {Reports how redesigning a database course using cognitive load theory reduced exam failure rate while increasing student satisfaction.}
}

@misc{Matt2019,
  author = {Eric Matthes},
  title = {Python Flash Cards: Syntax, Concepts, and Examples},
  publisher = {No Starch Press},
  year = {2019},
  isbn = {978-1593278960},
  note = {Handy flashcards summarizing the core of Python 3.}
}

@article{Maye2003,
  author = {Richard E. Mayer and Roxana Moreno},
  title = {Nine Ways to Reduce Cognitive Load in Multimedia Learning},
  journal = {Educational Psychologist},
  volume = {38},
  number = {1},
  pages = {43--52},
  year = {2003},
  month = {3},
  publisher = {Informa {UK} Limited},
  doi = {10.1207/s15326985ep3801_6},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326985ep3801_6},
  local = {mayer-2003-reduce-cognitive-load.pdf},
  note = {Shows how research into how we absorb and process information can be applied to the design of instructional materials.}
}

@article{Maye2004,
  author = {Richard E. Mayer},
  title = {Teaching of Subject Matter},
  journal = {Annual Review of Psychology},
  volume = {55},
  number = {1},
  pages = {715--744},
  year = {2004},
  month = {2},
  publisher = {Annual Reviews},
  doi = {10.1146/annurev.psych.55.082602.133124},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.55.082602.133124},
  local = {mayer-2004-subject-matter.pdf},
  note = {An overview of how and why teaching and learning are subject-specific.}
}

@book{Maye2009,
  author = {Richard E. Mayer},
  title = {Multimedia Learning},
  edition = {Second},
  year = {2009},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  isbn = {9780521735353},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/9780521735353},
  note = {Presents a cognitive theory of multimedia learning.}
}

@book{Mazu1996,
  author = {Eric Mazur},
  title = {Peer Instruction: A User's Manual},
  year = {1996},
  publisher = {Prentice-Hall},
  note = {A guide to implementing peer instruction.}
}

@article{McCa2008,
  author = {Renée McCauley and Sue Fitzgerald and Gary Lewandowski and Laurie Murphy and Beth Simon and Lynda Thomas and Carol Zander},
  title = {Debugging: A Review of the Literature from an Educational Perspective},
  journal = {Computer Science Education},
  volume = {18},
  number = {2},
  pages = {67--92},
  year = {2008},
  month = {6},
  publisher = {Informa {UK} Limited},
  doi = {10.1080/08993400802114581},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1080/08993400802114581},
  local = {mccauley-2008-debugging.pdf},
  note = {Summarizes research about why bugs occur, why types there are, how people debug, and whether we can teach debugging skills.}
}

@inproceedings{McCr2001,
  author = {Michael McCracken and Tadeusz Wilusz and Vicki Almstrum and Danny Diaz and Mark Guzdial and Dianne Hagan and Yifat Ben-David Kolikant and Cary Laxer and Lynda Thomas and Ian Utting},
  title = {A Multi-National, Multi-Institutional Study of Assessment of Programming Skills of First-Year {CS} Students},
  booktitle = {2001 Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education ({ITiCSE'01})},
  year = {2001},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/572133.572137},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/572133.572137},
  local = {mccracken-2001-c1-skills.pdf},
  note = {Reports that most students still struggle to solve even basic programming problems at the end of their introductory course.}
}

@article{McDo2006,
  author = {Charlie McDowell and Linda Werner and Heather E. Bullock and Julian Fernald},
  title = {Pair Programming Improves Student Retention, Confidence, and Program Quality},
  journal = {Communications of the {ACM}},
  volume = {49},
  number = {8},
  pages = {90--95},
  year = {2006},
  month = {8},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/1145287.1145293},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/1145287.1145293},
  local = {mcdowell-2006-pair-programming.pdf},
  note = {A summary of research showing that pair programming improves retention and confidence.}
}

@book{McGu2015,
  author = {Saundra Yancey McGuire},
  title = {Teach Students How to Learn: Strategies You Can Incorporate Into Any Course to Improve Student Metacognition, Study Skills, and Motivation},
  year = {2015},
  publisher = {Stylus Publishing},
  isbn = {162036316X},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/162036316X},
  note = {Explains how metacognitive strategies can improve learning.}
}

@book{McMi2017,
  author = {Tressie {McMillan Cottom}},
  title = {Lower Ed: The Troubling Rise of For-Profit Colleges in the New Economy},
  year = {2017},
  publisher = {The New Press},
  isbn = {1620970600},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/1620970600},
  note = {Lays bare the dynamics of the growing educational industry to show how it leads to greater inequality rather than less.}
}

@misc{McTi2013,
  author = {Jay McTighe and Grant Wiggins},
  title = {Understanding by Design Framework},
  year = {2013},
  publisher = {Association for Supervision \& Curriculum Development ({ASCD})},
  howpublished = {\url{http://www.ascd.org/ASCD/pdf/siteASCD/publications/UbD_WhitePaper0312.pdf}},
  local = {mctighe-2013-ubd-white-paper.pdf},
  note = {Summarizes the backward instructional design process.}
}

@article{Metc2016,
  author = {Janet Metcalfe},
  title = {Learning from Errors},
  journal = {Annual Review of Psychology},
  volume = {68},
  number = {1},
  pages = {465--489},
  year = {2016},
  month = {1},
  publisher = {Annual Reviews},
  doi = {10.1146/annurev-psych-010416-044022},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010416-044022},
  local = {metcalfe-2016-learning-from-errors.pdf},
  note = {Summarizes work on the hypercorrection effect in learning.}
}

@inproceedings{Meys2018,
  author = {Mark Meysenburg and Tessa Durham Brooks and Raychelle Burks and Erin Doyle and Timothy Frey},
  title = {{DIVAS}: Outreach to the Natural Sciences Through Image Processing},
  booktitle = {2018 Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education ({SIGCSE'18})},
  year = {2018},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/3159450.3159537},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3159450.3159537},
  local = {meysenburg-2018-image-processing-outreach.pdf},
  note = {Describes early results from a programming course for science undergrads built around image processing.}
}

@book{Midw2010,
  author = {{Midwest Academy}},
  title = {Organizing for Social Change: Midwest Academy Manual for Activists},
  edition = {Fourth},
  year = {2010},
  publisher = {The Forum Press},
  isbn = {0984275215},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/0984275215},
  note = {A training manual for people building progressive social movements.}
}

@article{Mill1956,
  author = {George A. Miller},
  title = {The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on Our Capacity for Processing Information},
  journal = {Psychological Review},
  volume = {63},
  number = {2},
  pages = {81--97},
  year = {1956},
  publisher = {American Psychological Association ({APA})},
  doi = {10.1037/h0043158},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1037/h0043158},
  local = {miller-1956-magical-number.pdf},
  note = {The original paper on the limited size of short-term memory.}
}

@article{Mill2013,
  author = {Kelly Miller and Nathaniel Lasry and Kelvin Chu and Eric Mazur},
  title = {Role of Physics Lecture Demonstrations in Conceptual Learning},
  journal = {Physical Review Special Topics - Physics Education Research},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  year = {2013},
  month = {9},
  publisher = {American Physical Society ({APS})},
  doi = {10.1103/physrevstper.9.020113},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevstper.9.020113},
  local = {miller-2013-predictions.pdf},
  note = {Reports a detailed study of what students learn during demonstrations and why.}
}

@article{Mill2015,
  author = {David I. Miller and Jonathan Wai},
  title = {The Bachelor's to Ph.D. {STEM} Pipeline No Longer Leaks More Women Than Men: a 30-year Analysis},
  journal = {Frontiers in Psychology},
  volume = {6},
  year = {2015},
  month = {2},
  publisher = {Frontiers Media {SA}},
  doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00037},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00037},
  local = {miller-2015-pipeline.pdf},
  note = {Shows that the ``leaky pipeline'' metaphor stopped being accurate some time in the 1990s.}
}

@book{Mill2016a,
  author = {Michelle D. Miller},
  title = {Minds Online: Teaching Effectively with Technology},
  year = {2016},
  publisher = {Harvard University Press},
  isbn = {0674660021},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/0674660021},
  note = {Describes ways that insights from neuroscience can be used to improve online teaching.}
}

@inproceedings{Mill2016b,
  author = {Craig S. Miller and Amber Settle},
  title = {Some Trouble with Transparency: An Analysis of Student Errors with Object-Oriented {Python}},
  booktitle = {2016 International Computing Education Research Conference ({ICER'16})},
  year = {2016},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/2960310.2960327},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2960310.2960327},
  local = {miller-2016-python-self.pdf},
  note = {Reports that students have difficulty with \texttt{self} in Python.}
}

@article{Milt2018,
  author = {Kate M. Miltner},
  title = {Girls Who Coded: Gender in Twentieth Century {U.K.} and {U.S.} Computing},
  journal = {Science, Technology, {\&} Human Values},
  year = {2018},
  month = {5},
  publisher = {{SAGE} Publications},
  doi = {10.1177/0162243918770287},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0162243918770287},
  local = {miltner-2018-girls-who-coded.pdf},
  note = {A review of three books about how women were systematically pushed out of computing.}
}

@article{Mina1986,
  author = {Anne Minahan},
  title = {Martha's Rules},
  journal = {Affilia},
  volume = {1},
  number = {2},
  pages = {53--56},
  month = {6},
  year = {1986},
  publisher = {{SAGE} Publications},
  doi = {10.1177/088610998600100206},
  note = {Describes a lightweight set of rules for consensus-based decision making.}
}

@article{Miya2018,
  author = {Toshiya Miyatsu and Khuyen Nguyen and Mark A. McDaniel},
  title = {Five Popular Study Strategies: Their Pitfalls and Optimal Implementations},
  journal = {Perspectives on Psychological Science},
  volume = {13},
  number = {3},
  pages = {390--407},
  year = {2018},
  month = {5},
  publisher = {{SAGE} Publications},
  doi = {10.1177/1745691617710510},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691617710510},
  local = {miyatsu-2018-study-strategies.pdf},
  note = {Explains how learners mis-use common study strategies and what they should do instead.}
}

@article{Mlad2017,
  author = {Monika Mladenović and Ivica Boljat and Žana Žanko},
  title = {Comparing Loops Misconceptions in Block-Based and Text-Based Programming Languages at the {K-12} Level},
  journal = {Education and Information Technologies},
  year = {2017},
  month = {11},
  publisher = {Springer Nature},
  doi = {10.1007/s10639-017-9673-3},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-017-9673-3},
  local = {mladenovic-2017-loop-misconceptions.pdf},
  note = {Reports that  K-12 students have fewer misconceptions about loops using Scratch than using Logo or Python, and fewer misconceptions about nested loops with Logo than with Python.}
}

@article{More2019,
  author = {Kayla Morehead and John Dunlosky and Katherine A. Rawson},
  title = {How Much Mightier Is the Pen than the Keyboard for Note-Taking? A Replication and Extension of Mueller and Oppenheimer (2014)},
  journal = {Educational Psychology Review},
  month = {2},
  year  = {2019},
  publisher = {Springer Nature},
  doi = {10.1007/s10648-019-09468-2},
  note = {Reports a failure to replicate an earlier study comparing note-taking by hand and with computers.}
}

@inproceedings{Morr2016,
  author = {Briana B. Morrison and Lauren E. Margulieux and Barbara J. Ericson and Mark Guzdial},
  title = {Subgoals Help Students Solve {Parsons Problems}},
  booktitle = {2016 Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education ({SIGCSE'16})},
  year = {2016},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/2839509.2844617},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2839509.2844617},
  local = {morrison-2016-subgoal-parsons.pdf},
  note = {Reports that students using labelled subgoals solve Parsons Problems better than students without labelled subgoals.}
}

@article{Muel2014,
  author = {Pam A. Mueller and Daniel M. Oppenheimer},
  title = {The Pen is Mightier than the Keyboard},
  journal = {Psychological Science},
  volume = {25},
  number = {6},
  pages = {1159--1168},
  year = {2014},
  month = {4},
  publisher = {{SAGE} Publications},
  doi = {10.1177/0956797614524581},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797614524581},
  local = {mueller-2014-note-taking.pdf},
  note = {Presents evidence that taking notes by hand is more effective than taking notes on a laptop.}
}

@article{Mull2007a,
  author = {Derek A. Muller and James Bewes and Manjula D. Sharma and Peter Reimann},
  title = {Saying the Wrong Thing: Improving Learning with Multimedia by Including Misconceptions},
  journal = {Journal of Computer Assisted Learning},
  volume = {24},
  number = {2},
  pages = {144--155},
  year = {2007},
  month = {7},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2729.2007.00248.x},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2729.2007.00248.x},
  local = {muller-2007-misconceptions.pdf},
  note = {Reports that including explicit discussion of misconceptions significantly improves learning outcomes: students with low prior knowledge benefit most and students with more prior knowledge are not disadvantaged.}
}

@inproceedings{Mull2007b,
  author = {Orna Muller and David Ginat and Bruria Haberman},
  title = {Pattern-Oriented Instruction and Its Influence on Problem Decomposition and Solution Construction},
  booktitle = {2007 Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education ({SIGCSE'07})},
  year = {2007},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/1268784.1268830},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/1268784.1268830},
  local = {muller-2007-pattern-oriented-instruction.pdf},
  note = {Reports that explicitly teaching solution patterns improves learning outcomes.}
}

@article{Murp2008,
  author = {Laurie Murphy and Gary Lewandowski and Renée McCauley and Beth Simon and Lynda Thomas and Carol Zander},
  title = {Debugging: The Good, the Bad, and the Quirky - A Qualitative Analysis of Novices' Strategies},
  journal = {{ACM} {SIGCSE} Bulletin},
  volume = {40},
  number = {1},
  pages = {163},
  year = {2008},
  month = {2},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/1352322.1352191},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/1352322.1352191},
  local = {murphy-2008-debugging.pdf},
  note = {Reports that many CS1 students use good debugging strategies, but many others don't, and students often don't recognize when they are stuck.}
}

@comment{NNN}

@inproceedings{Nara2018,
  author = {Sathya Narayanan and Kathryn Cunningham and Sonia Arteaga and William J. Welch and Leslie Maxwell and Zechariah Chawinga and Bude Su},
  title = {Upward Mobility for Underrepresented Students},
  booktitle = {2018 Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education ({SIGCSE'18})},
  year = {2018},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/3159450.3159551},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3159450.3159551},
  local = {narayanan-2018-upward-mobility.pdf},
  note = {Describes an intensive 3-year bachelor's program based on tight-knit cohorts and administrative support that tripled graduation rates.}
}

@article{Nath2003,
  author = {Mitchell J. Nathan and Anthony Petrosino},
  title = {Expert Blind Spot Among Preservice Teachers},
  journal = {American Educational Research Journal},
  volume = {40},
  number = {4},
  pages = {905--928},
  year = {2003},
  month = {1},
  doi = {10.3102/00028312040004905},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.3102/00028312040004905},
  local = {nathan-2003-expert-blind-spot.pdf},
  note = {Early work on expert blind spot.}
}

@book{Hpl2018,
  author = {{National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine}},
  title = {How People Learn II: Learners, Contexts, and Cultures},
  year = {2018},
  publisher = {National Academies Press},
  isbn = {978-0309459648},
  note = {A comprehensive survey of what we know about learning.}
}

@book{Nils2017,
  author = {Linda B. Nilson and Ludwika A. Goodson},
  title = {Online Teaching at Its Best: Merging Instructional Design with Teaching and Learning Research},
  year = {2017},
  publisher = {Jossey-Bass},
  isbn = {1119242290},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/1119242290},
  note = {A guide for college instructors that focuses on online teaching.}
}

@misc{Nord2017,
  author = {Emily Nordmann and Colin Calder and Paul Bishop and Amy Irwin and Darren Comber},
  title = {Turn Up, Tune In, Don'T Drop Out: The Relationship Between Lecture Attendance, Use of Lecture Recordings, and Achievement at Different Levels of Study},
  year = {2017},
  howpublished = {\url{https://psyarxiv.com/fd3yj}},
  doi = {10.17605/OSF.IO/FD3YJ},
  local = {nordmann-2017-recording.pdf},
  note = {Reports on the pros and cons of recording lectures.}
}

@article{Nutb2016,
  author = {Stephen Nutbrown and Colin Higgins},
  title = {Static Analysis of Programming Exercises: Fairness, Usefulness and a Method for Application},
  journal = {Computer Science Education},
  volume = {26},
  number = {2-3},
  pages = {104--128},
  year = {2016},
  month = {5},
  publisher = {Informa {UK} Limited},
  doi = {10.1080/08993408.2016.1179865},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1080/08993408.2016.1179865},
  local = {nutbrown-2016-static-analysis.pdf},
  note = {Describes ways auto-grader rules were modified and grades weighted to improve correlation between automatic feedback and manual grades.}
}

@book{Nuth2007,
  author = {Graham Nuthall},
  title = {The Hidden Lives of Learners},
  year = {2007},
  publisher = {{NZCER} Press},
  isbn = {1877398241},
  note = {Summarizes a lifetime of work looking at what students actually do in classrooms and how they actually learn.}
}

@comment{OOO}

@book{Ojos2015,
  author = {Bobby Ojose},
  title = {Common Misconceptions in Mathematics: Strategies to Correct Them},
  year = {2015},
  publisher = {UPA},
  isbn = {0761858857},
  note = {A catalog of K-12 misconceptions in mathematics and what to do about them.}
}

@article{Ornd2015,
  author = {Harold N. {Orndorff III}},
  title = {Collaborative Note-Taking: The Impact of Cloud Computing on Classroom Performance},
  journal = {International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education},
  volume = {27},
  number = {3},
  pages = {340--351},
  year = {2015},
  local = {orndorff-2015-collaborative-notetaking.pdf},
  note = {Reports that taking notes together online is more effective than solo note-taking.}
}

@book{Ostr2015,
  author = {Elinor Ostrom},
  title = {Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {2015},
  isbn = {978-1107569782},
  note = {A masterful description and analysis of cooperative governance.}
}

@comment{PPP}

@book{Pape1993,
  author = {Seymour A. Papert},
  title = {Mindstorms: Children, Computers, and Powerful Ideas},
  edition = {Second},
  year = {1993},
  publisher = {Basic Books},
  isbn = {0465046746},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/9780465046744},
  note = {The foundational text on how computers can underpin a new kind of education.}
}

@article{Pare2008,
  author = {Dwayne E. Paré and Steve Joordens},
  title = {Peering Into Large Lectures: Examining Peer and Expert Mark Agreement Using {peerScholar}, an Online Peer Assessment Tool},
  journal = {Journal of Computer Assisted Learning},
  volume = {24},
  number = {6},
  pages = {526--540},
  year = {2008},
  month = {10},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2729.2008.00290.x},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2729.2008.00290.x},
  local = {pare-2008-peer-scholar.pdf},
  note = {Shows that peer grading by small groups can be as effective as expert grading once accountability features are introduced.}
}

@article{Park2015,
  author = {Thomas H. Park and Brian Dorn and Andrea Forte},
  title = {An Analysis of {HTML} and {CSS} Syntax Errors in a Web Development Course},
  journal = {{ACM} Transactions on Computing Education},
  volume = {15},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--21},
  year = {2015},
  month = {3},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/2700514},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2700514},
  local = {park-2015-web-errors.pdf},
  note = {Describes the errors students make in an introductory course on HTML and CSS.}
}

@inproceedings{Park2016,
  author = {Miranda C. Parker and Mark Guzdial and Shelly Engleman},
  title = {Replication, Validation, and Use of a Language Independent {CS1} Knowledge Assessment},
  booktitle = {2016 International Computing Education Research Conference ({ICER'16})},
  year = {2016},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/2960310.2960316},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2960310.2960316},
  local = {parker-2016-replicating-scs1.pdf},
  note = {Describes construction and replication of a second concept inventory for basic computing knowledge.}
}

@article{Parn1986,
  author = {David Lorge Parnas and Paul C. Clements},
  title = {A Rational Design Process: How and Why to Fake It},
  journal = {{IEEE} Transactions on Software Engineering},
  volume = {{SE}-12},
  number = {2},
  pages = {251--257},
  year = {1986},
  month = {2},
  publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})},
  doi = {10.1109/tse.1986.6312940},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.1986.6312940},
  local = {parnas-1986-fake-it.pdf},
  note = {Argues that using a rational design process is less important than looking as though you had.}
}

@inproceedings{Parn2017,
  author = {Chris Parnin and Janet Siegmund and Norman Peitek},
  title = {On the Nature of Programmer Expertise},
  booktitle = {Psychology of Programming Interest Group Workshop 2017},
  year = {2017},
  link = {http://chrisparnin.me/pdf/experts.pdf},
  local = {parnin-2017-expertise.pdf},
  note = {An annotated exploration of what ``expertise'' means in programming.}
}

@inproceedings{Pars2006,
  author = {Dale Parsons and Patricia Haden},
  title = {{Parson's} Programming Puzzles: A Fun and Effective Learning Tool for First Programming Courses},
  booktitle = {2006 Australasian Conference on Computing Education ({ACE'06})},
  pages = {157--163},
  year = {2006},
  publisher = {Australian Computer Society},
  link = {https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1151869.1151890},
  local = {parson-2006-parsons-problems.pdf},
  note = {The first description of Parson's Problems.}
}

@misc{Part2011,
  author = {Anu Partanen},
  title = {What Americans Keep Ignoring About Finland's School Success},
  howpublished = {https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2011/12/what-americans-keep-ignoring-about-finlands-school-success/250564/},
  year = {2011},
  note = {Explains that other countries struggle to replicate the success of Finland's schools because they're unwilling to tackle larger social factors.}
}

@inproceedings{Pati2016,
  author = {Elizabeth Patitsas and Jesse Berlin and Michelle Craig and Steve Easterbrook},
  title = {Evidence that Computer Science Grades are not Bimodal},
  booktitle = {2016 International Computing Education Research Conference ({ICER'16})},
  year = {2016},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/2960310.2960312},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2960310.2960312},
  local = {patitsas-2016-bimodal.pdf},
  note = {Presents a statistical analysis and an experiment which jointly show that grades in computing classes are not bimodal.}
}

@article{Pea1986,
  author = {Roy D. Pea},
  title = {Language-Independent Conceptual ``Bugs'' in Novice Programming},
  journal = {Journal of Educational Computing Research},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {25--36},
  year = {1986},
  month = {2},
  publisher = {{SAGE} Publications},
  doi = {10.2190/689t-1r2a-x4w4-29j2},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.2190/689t-1r2a-x4w4-29j2},
  local = {pea-1986-bugs.pdf},
  note = {First named the "superbug" in coding: most newcomers think the computer understands what they want, in the same way that a human being would.}
}

@book{Petr2016,
  author = {Marian Petre and André {van der Hoek}},
  title = {Software Design Decoded: 66 Ways Experts Think},
  year = {2016},
  publisher = {{MIT} Press},
  isbn = {0262035189},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/0262035189},
  note = {A short illustrated overview of how expert software developers think.}
}

@book{Pign2016,
  author = {Alessandra Pigni},
  title = {The Idealist's Survival Kit: 75 Simple Ways to Prevent Burnout},
  year = {2016},
  publisher = {Parallax Press},
  isbn = {1941529348},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/1941529348},
  note = {A guide to staying sane and healthy while doing good.}
}

@article{Port2013,
  author = {Leo Porter and Mark Guzdial and Charlie McDowell and Beth Simon},
  title = {Success in Introductory Programming: What Works?},
  journal = {Communications of the {ACM}},
  volume = {56},
  number = {8},
  pages = {34},
  year = {2013},
  month = {8},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/2492007.2492020},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2492007.2492020},
  local = {porter-2013-what-works.pdf},
  note = {Summarizes the evidence that peer instruction, media computation, and pair programming can significantly improve outcomes in introductory programming courses.}
}

@inproceedings{Port2016,
  author = {Leo Porter and Dennis Bouvier and Quintin Cutts and Scott Grissom and Cynthia Bailey Lee and Robert McCartney and Daniel Zingaro and Beth Simon},
  title = {A Multi-Institutional Study of Peer Instruction in Introductory Computing},
  booktitle = {2016 Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education ({SIGCSE'16})},
  year = {2016},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/2839509.2844642},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2839509.2844642},
  local = {porter-2016-multi-institutional-peer-instruction.pdf},
  note = {Reports that students in introductory programming classes value peer instruction, and that it improves learning outcomes.}
}

@comment{QQQ}

@article{Qian2017,
  author = {Yizhou Qian and James Lehman},
  title = {Students' Misconceptions and Other Difficulties in Introductory Programming},
  journal = {{ACM} Transactions on Computing Education},
  volume = {18},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--24},
  year = {2017},
  month = {10},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/3077618},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3077618},
  local = {qian-2017-misconceptions-review.pdf},
  note = {Summarizes research on student misconceptions about computing.}
}

@comment{RRR}

@inproceedings{Rago2017,
  author = {Noa Ragonis and Ronit Shmallo},
  title = {On the (Mis)understanding of the \texttt{this} Reference},
  booktitle = {2017 Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education ({SIGCSE'17})},
  year = {2017},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/3017680.3017715},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3017680.3017715},
  local = {ragonis-2017-this.pdf},
  note = {Reports that most students do not understood when to use \texttt{this}, and that teachers are also often not clear on the subject.}
}

@article{Rams2019,
  author = {G. Ramsay and A. B. Haynes and S. R. Lipsitz and I. Solsky and J. Leitch and A. A. Gawande and M. Kumar},
  title = {Reducing surgical mortality in Scotland by use of the {WHO} Surgical Safety Checklist},
  journal = {{BJS}},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  month = {4},
  year  = {2019},
  doi = {10.1002/bjs.11151},
  note = {Found that the introduction of surgical checklists in Scottish hospitals significantly reduced mortality rates.}
}

@article{Raws2014,
  author = {Katherine A. Rawson and Ruthann C. Thomas and Larry L. Jacoby},
  title = {The Power of Examples: Illustrative Examples Enhance Conceptual Learning of Declarative Concepts},
  journal = {Educational Psychology Review},
  volume = {27},
  number = {3},
  pages = {483--504},
  year = {2014},
  month = {6},
  publisher = {Springer Nature},
  doi = {10.1007/s10648-014-9273-3},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-014-9273-3},
  local = {rawson-2014-power-examples.pdf},
  note = {Reports that presenting examples helps students understand definitions, so long as examples and definitions are interleaved.}
}

@book{Ray2014,
  author = {Eric J. Ray and Deborah S. Ray},
  title = {Unix and Linux: Visual QuickStart Guide},
  edition = {Fifth},
  year = {2014},
  publisher = {Peachpit Press},
  isbn = {0321997549},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/0321997549},
  note = {An introduction to Unix that is both a good tutorial and a good reference guide.}
}

@book{Rice2018,
  author = {Gail Taylor Rice},
  title = {Hitting Pause: 65 Lecture Breaks to Refresh and Reinforce Learning},
  year = {2018},
  publisher = {Stylus Publishing},
  isbn = {9781620366530},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/9781620366530},
  note = {Justifies and catalogs ways to take a pause in class to help learning.}
}

@inproceedings{Rich2017,
  author = {Kathryn M. Rich and Carla Strickland and T. Andrew Binkowski and Cheryl Moran and Diana Franklin},
  title = {K-8 learning Trajectories Derived from Research Literature},
  booktitle = {2017 International Computing Education Research Conference ({ICER'17})},
  year = {2017},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/3105726.3106166},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3105726.3106166},
  local = {rich-2017-learning-trajectories.pdf},
  note = {Presents learning trajectories for K-8 computing classes for Sequence, Repetition, and Conditions gleaned from the literature.}
}

@inproceedings{Ritz2018,
  author = {Anna Ritz},
  title = {Programming the Central Dogma: An Integrated Unit on Computer Science and Molecular Biology Concepts},
  booktitle = {2018 Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education ({SIGCSE'18})},
  year = {2018},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/3159450.3159590},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3159450.3159590},
  local = {ritz-2018-central-dogma.pdf},
  note = {Describes an introductory computing course for biologists whose problems are drawn from the DNA-to-protein processes in cells.}
}

@misc{Robe2017,
  author = {Eric Roberts},
  title = {Assessing and Responding to the Growth of Computer Science Undergraduate Enrollments: Annotated Findings},
  year = {2017},
  howpublished = {\url{http://cs.stanford.edu/people/eroberts/ResourcesForTheCSCapacityCrisis/files/AnnotatedFindings.pptx}},
  note = {Summarizes findings from a National Academies study about computer science enrollments.}
}

@misc{Robi2005,
  author = {Evan Robinson},
  title = {Why Crunch Mode Doesn't Work: 6 Lessons},
  year = {2005},
  publisher = {International Game Developers Association ({IGDA})},
  howpublished = {\url{http://www.igda.org/articles/erobinson_crunch.php}},
  note = {Summarizes research on the effects of overwork and sleep deprivation.}
}

@book{Roge2018,
  author = {Steven G. Rogelberg},
  title = {The Surprising Science of Meetings},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {2018},
  isbn = {978-0190689216},
  note = {A short summary of research on effective meetings.}
}

@article{Rohr2015,
  author = {Doug Rohrer and Robert F. Dedrick and Sandra Stershic},
  title = {Interleaved Practice Improves Mathematics Learning},
  journal = {Journal of Educational Psychology},
  volume = {107},
  number = {3},
  pages = {900--908},
  year = {2015},
  publisher = {American Psychological Association ({APA})},
  doi = {10.1037/edu0000001},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000001},
  local = {rohrer-2015-interleaved-practice.pdf},
  note = {Reports that interleaved practice is more effective than monotonous practice when learning.}
}

@inproceedings{Rubi2013,
  author = {Marc J. Rubin},
  title = {The Effectiveness of Live-coding to Teach Introductory Programming},
  booktitle = {2013 Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education ({SIGCSE'13})},
  pages = {651--656},
  year = {2013},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/2445196.2445388},
  link = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2445196.2445388},
  local = {rubin-2013-live-coding.pdf},
  note = {Reports that live coding is as good as or better than using static code examples.}
}

@article{Rubi2014,
  author = {Manuel Rubio-Sánchez and Päivi Kinnunen and Cristóbal Pareja-Flores and J. Ángel Velázquez-Iturbide},
  title = {Student Perception and Usage of an Automated Programming Assessment Tool},
  journal = {Computers in Human Behavior},
  volume = {31},
  pages = {453--460},
  year = {2014},
  month = {2},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  doi = {10.1016/j.chb.2013.04.001},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.04.001},
  local = {rubiosanchez-2014-autograding-perceptions.pdf},
  note = {Describes use of an auto-grader for student assignments.}
}

@comment{SSS}

@book{Sahl2015,
  author = {Pasi Sahlberg},
  title = {Finnish Lessons 2.0: What Can the World Learn from Educational Change in Finland?},
  publisher = {Teachers College Press},
  year = {2015},
  isbn = {978-0807755853},
  note = {A frank look at the success of Finland's educational system and why other countries struggle to replicate it.}
}

@article{Saja2006,
  author = {Jorma Sajaniemi and Mordechai Ben-Ari and Pauli Byckling and Petri Gerdt and Yevgeniya Kulikova},
  title = {Roles of Variables in Three Programming Paradigms},
  journal = {Computer Science Education},
  volume = {16},
  number = {4},
  pages = {261--279},
  year = {2006},
  month = {12},
  publisher = {Informa {UK} Limited},
  doi = {10.1080/08993400600874584},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1080/08993400600874584},
  local = {sajaniemi-2006-roles-three-paradigms.pdf},
  note = {A detailed look at the authors' work on roles of variables.}
}

@article{Sala2017,
  author = {Giovanni Sala and Fernand Gobet},
  title = {Does Far Transfer Exist? {Negative} Evidence From Chess, Music, and Working Memory Training},
  journal = {Current Directions in Psychological Science},
  volume = {26},
  number = {6},
  pages = {515--520},
  year = {2017},
  month = {10},
  publisher = {{SAGE} Publications},
  doi = {10.1177/0963721417712760},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721417712760},
  local = {sala-2017-far-transfer.pdf},
  note = {A meta-analysis showing that far transfer rarely occurs.}
}

@inproceedings{Sand2013,
  author = {Kate Sanders and Jaime Spacco and Marzieh Ahmadzadeh and Tony Clear and Stephen H. Edwards and Mikey Goldweber and Chris Johnson and Raymond Lister and Robert McCartney and Elizabeth Patitsas},
  title = {The {Canterbury} {QuestionBank}: Building a Repository of Multiple-Choice {CS1} and {CS2} Questions},
  booktitle = {2013 Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education ({ITiCSE'13})},
  year = {2013},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/2543882.2543885},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2543882.2543885},
  local = {sanders-2013-question-bank.pdf},
  note = {Describes development of a shared question bank for introductory CS, and patterns for multiple choice questions that emerged from entries.}
}

@article{Scan1989,
  author = {David A. Scanlan},
  title = {Structured Flowcharts Outperform Pseudocode: An Experimental Comparison},
  journal = {{IEEE} Software},
  volume = {6},
  number = {5},
  pages = {28--36},
  year = {1989},
  month = {9},
  publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})},
  doi = {10.1109/52.35587},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1109/52.35587},
  local = {scanlan-1989-flowcharts.pdf},
  note = {Reports that students understand flowcharts better than pseudocode if both are equally well structured.}
}

@book{Scho1984,
  author = {Donald A. Schön},
  title = {The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think In Action},
  year = {1984},
  publisher = {Basic Books},
  isbn = {0465068782},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/0465068782},
  note = {A groundbreaking look at how professionals in different fields actually solve problems.}
}

@book{Schw2013,
  author = {Viviane Schwarz},
  title = {Welcome to Your Awesome Robot},
  publisher = {Flying Eye Books},
  year = {2013},
  isbn = {978-1909263000},
  link = {https://flyingeyebooks.com/shop/welcome-to-your-awesome-robot/},
  note = {A wonderful illustrated guide to building wearable cardboard robot suits. Not just for kids.}
}

@book{Scot1987,
  author = {James C. Scott},
  title = {Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance},
  year = {1987},
  publisher = {Yale University Press},
  isbn = {978-0300036411},
  link = {https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300036411/weapons-weak},
  note = {Describes the techniques of evasion and resistance that the weak use to resist the strong.}
}

@book{Scot1998,
  author = {James C. Scott},
  title = {Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed},
  year = {1998},
  publisher = {Yale University Press},
  isbn = {0300078153},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/0300078153},
  note = {Argues that large organizations consistently prefer uniformity over productivity.}
}

@book{Sent2018,
  editor = {Sue Sentance and Erik Barendsen and Carsten Schulte},
  title = {Computer Science Education: Perspectives on Teaching and Learning in School},
  year = {2018},
  publisher = {Bloomsbury Press},
  isbn = {135005710X},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/135005710X},
  note = {A collection of academic survey articles on teaching computing.}
}

@inproceedings{Sent2019,
  author = {Sue Sentance and Jane Waite and Maria Kallia},
  title = {Teachers' Experiences of using {PRIMM} to Teach Programming in School},
  booktitle = {2019 Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education ({SIGCSE'19})},
  year = {2019},
  publisher = {{ACM} Press},
  doi = {10.1145/3287324.3287477},
  note = {Describes PRIMM and its effectiveness.}
}

@inproceedings{Sepp2015,
  author = {Otto Seppälä and Petri Ihantola and Essi Isohanni and Juha Sorva and Arto Vihavainen},
  title = {Do We Know How Difficult the {Rainfall Problem} Is?},
  booktitle = {2015 Koli Calling Conference on Computing Education Research ({Koli'15})},
  year = {2015},
  publisher = {{ACM} Press},
  doi = {10.1145/2828959.2828963},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2828959.2828963},
  local = {seppala-2015-rainfall.pdf},
  note = {A meta-study of the Rainfall Problem.}
}

@article{Shap2007,
  author = {Jenessa R. Shapiro and Steven L. Neuberg},
  title = {From Stereotype Threat to Stereotype Threats: Implications of a Multi-Threat Framework for Causes,  Moderators,  Mediators,  Consequences,  and Interventions},
  journal = {Personality and Social Psychology Review},
  volume = {11},
  number = {2},
  pages = {107--130},
  year = {2007},
  month = {5},
  publisher = {{SAGE} Publications},
  doi = {10.1177/1088868306294790},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868306294790},
  local = {shapiro-2007-stereotype-threat.pdf},
  note = {Explores the ways the term ``stereotype threat'' has been used.}
}

@inproceedings{Shel2017,
  author = {Duane F. Shell and Leen-Kiat Soh and Abraham E. Flanigan and Markeya S. Peteranetz and Elizabeth Ingraham},
  title = {Improving Students' Learning and Achievement in {CS} Classrooms Through Computational Creativity Exercises that Integrate Computational and Creative Thinking},
  booktitle = {2017 Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education ({SIGCSE'17})},
  year = {2017},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/3017680.3017718},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3017680.3017718},
  local = {shell-2017-computational-creativity-exercises.pdf},
  note = {Reports that having students work in small groups on computational creativity exercises improves learning outcomes.}
}

@misc{Shol2019,
  author = {Dan Sholler and Igor Steinmacher and Denae Ford and Mara Averick and Mike Hoye and Greg Wilson},
  title = {Ten Simple Rules for Helping Newcomers Become Contributors to Open Source Projects},
  year = {2019},
  howpublished = {\url{https://github.com/gvwilson/10-newcomers/}},
  note = {Evidence-based practices for helping newcomers become productive in open projects.}
}

@inproceedings{Simo2013,
  author = {Simon},
  title = {Soloway's {Rainfall Problem} has Become Harder},
  booktitle = {2013 Conference on Learning and Teaching in Computing and Engineering},
  year = {2013},
  month = {3},
  publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})},
  doi = {10.1109/latice.2013.44},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1109/latice.2013.44},
  local = {simon-2013-rainfall.pdf},
  note = {Argues that the Rainfall Problem is harder for novices than it used to be because they're not used to handling keyboard input, so direct comparison with past results may be unfair.}
}

@inproceedings{Sing2012,
  author = {Vandana Singh},
  title = {Newcomer integration and learning in technical support communities for open source software},
  booktitle = {2012 {ACM} International Conference on Supporting Group Work - {GROUP'12}},
  year = {2012},
  publisher = {{ACM} Press},
  doi = {10.1145/2389176.2389186},
  note = {An early study of onboarding in open source.}
}

@inproceedings{Sirk2012,
  author = {Teemu Sirkiä and Juha Sorva},
  title = {Exploring Programming Misconceptions: An Analysis of Student Mistakes in Visual Program Simulation Exercises},
  booktitle = {2012 Koli Calling Conference on Computing Education Research ({Koli'12})},
  year = {2012},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/2401796.2401799},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2401796.2401799},
  local = {sirkia-2012-misconceptions.pdf},
  note = {Analyzes data from student use of an execution visualization tool and classifies common mistakes.}
}

@article{Sisk2018,
  author = {Victoria F. Sisk and Alexander P. Burgoyne and Jingze Sun and Jennifer L. Butler and Brooke N. Macnamara},
  title = {To What Extent and Under Which Circumstances Are Growth Mind-Sets Important to Academic Achievement? {Two} Meta-Analyses},
  journal = {Psychological Science},
  pages = {095679761773970},
  year = {2018},
  month = {3},
  publisher = {{SAGE} Publications},
  doi = {10.1177/0956797617739704},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797617739704},
  local = {sisk-2018-mindset-meta.pdf},
  note = {Reports meta-analyses of the relationship between mind-set and academic achievement, and the effectiveness of mind-set interventions on academic achievement, and finds that overall effects are weak for both, but some results support specific tenets of the theory.}
}

@inproceedings{Skud2014,
  author = {Ben Skudder and Andrew Luxton-Reilly},
  title = {Worked Examples in Computer Science},
  booktitle = {2014 Australasian Computing Education Conference, ({ACE'14})},
  year = {2014},
  link = {http://crpit.com/abstracts/CRPITV148Skudder.html},
  local = {skudder-2014-worked-examples.pdf},
  note = {A summary of research on worked examples as applied to computing education.}
}

@article{Smar2018,
  author = {Benjamin L. Smarr and Aaron E. Schirmer},
  title = {3.4 Million Real-World Learning Management System Logins Reveal the Majority of Students Experience Social Jet Lag Correlated with Decreased Performance},
  journal = {Scientific Reports},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  year = {2018},
  month = {3},
  publisher = {Springer Nature},
  doi = {10.1038/s41598-018-23044-8},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-23044-8},
  local = {smarr-2018-jet-lag.pdf},
  note = {Reports that students who have to work outside their natural body clock cycle do less well.}
}

@article{Smit2009,
  author = {Michelle K. Smith and William B. Wood and Wendy K. Adams and Carl E. Wieman and Jennifer K. Knight and N. Guild and T. T. Su},
  title = {Why Peer Discussion Improves Student Performance on In-class Concept Questions},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = {323},
  number = {5910},
  pages = {122--124},
  year = {2009},
  month = {1},
  publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science ({AAAS})},
  doi = {10.1126/science.1165919},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1165919},
  local = {smith-2009-peer-discussion-improves.pdf},
  note = {Reports that student understanding increases during discussion in peer instruction, even when none of the students in the group initially know the right answer.}
}

@article{Solo1984,
  author = {Elliot Soloway and Kate Ehrlich},
  title = {Empirical Studies of Programming Knowledge},
  journal = {{IEEE} Transactions on Software Engineering},
  volume = {{SE}-10},
  number = {5},
  pages = {595--609},
  year = {1984},
  month = {9},
  publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})},
  doi = {10.1109/tse.1984.5010283},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.1984.5010283},
  local = {soloway-1984-empirical-studies.pdf},
  note = {Proposes that experts have programming plans and rules of programming discourse.}
}

@article{Solo1986,
  author = {Elliot Soloway},
  title = {Learning to Program = Learning to Construct Mechanisms and Explanations},
  journal = {Communications of the {ACM}},
  volume = {29},
  number = {9},
  pages = {850--858},
  year = {1986},
  month = {9},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/6592.6594},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/6592.6594},
  local = {soloway-1986-plans.pdf},
  note = {Analyzes programming in terms of choosing appropriate goals and constructing plans to achieve them, and introduces the Rainfall Problem.}
}

@article{Sond2012,
  author = {Harald Søndergaard and Raoul A. Mulder},
  title = {Collaborative Learning Through Formative Peer Review: Pedagogy, Programs and Potential},
  journal = {Computer Science Education},
  volume = {22},
  number = {4},
  pages = {343--367},
  year = {2012},
  month = {12},
  publisher = {Informa {UK} Limited},
  doi = {10.1080/08993408.2012.728041},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1080/08993408.2012.728041},
  local = {sondergaard-2012-formative-peer-review.pdf},
  note = {Surveys literature on student peer assessment, distinguishing grading and reviewing as separate forms, and summarizes features a good peer review system needs to have.}
}

@article{Sorv2013,
  author = {Juha Sorva},
  title = {Notional Machines and Introductory Programming Education},
  journal = {{ACM} Transactions on Computing Education},
  volume = {13},
  number = {2},
  pages = {1--31},
  year = {2013},
  month = {6},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/2483710.2483713},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2483710.2483713},
  local = {sorva-2013-notional-machines.pdf},
  note = {Reviews literature on programming misconceptions, and argues that instructors should address notional machines as an explicit learning objective.}
}

@inproceedings{Sorv2014,
  author = {Juha Sorva and Otto Seppälä},
  title = {Research-based Design of the First Weeks of {CS1}},
  booktitle = {2014 Koli Calling Conference on Computing Education Research ({Koli'14})},
  year = {2014},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/2674683.2674690},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2674683.2674690},
  local = {sorva-2014-research-based-cs1.pdf},
  note = {Proposes three cognitively plausible frameworks for the design of a first CS course.}
}

@incollection{Sorv2018,
  author = {Juha Sorva},
  editor = {Sue Sentance and Erik Barendsen and Carsten Schulte},
  title = {Misconceptions and the Beginner Programmer},
  booktitle = {Computer Science Education: Perspectives on Teaching and Learning in School},
  year = {2018},
  publisher = {Bloomsbury Press},
  isbn = {135005710X},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/135005710X},
  local = {sorva-2018-misconceptions-chapter.pdf},
  note = {Summarizes what we know about what novices misunderstand about computing.}
}

@book{Spal2014,
  author = {Dan Spalding},
  title = {How to Teach Adults: Plan Your Class, Teach Your Students, Change the World},
  year = {2014},
  publisher = {Jossey-Bass},
  isbn = {1118841360},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/1118841360},
  note = {A short guide to teaching adult free-range learners informed by the author's social activism.}
}

@article{Spoh1985,
  author = {James C. Spohrer and Elliot Soloway and Edgar Pope},
  title = {A Goal/Plan Analysis of Buggy {Pascal} Programs},
  journal = {Human-Computer Interaction},
  volume = {1},
  number = {2},
  pages = {163--207},
  year = {1985},
  month = {6},
  publisher = {Informa {UK} Limited},
  doi = {10.1207/s15327051hci0102_4},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327051hci0102_4},
  local = {spohrer-1985-goal-plan-buggy-pascal.pdf},
  note = {One of the first cognitively plausible analyses of how people program, which proposes a goal/plan model.}
}

@inproceedings{Srid2016,
  author = {Sumukh Sridhara and Brian Hou and Jeffrey Lu and John DeNero},
  title = {Fuzz Testing Projects in Massive Courses},
  booktitle = {2016 Conference on Learning @ Scale ({L@S'16})},
  year = {2016},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/2876034.2876050},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2876034.2876050},
  local = {sridhara-2016-fuzz-testing.pdf},
  note = {Reports that fuzz testing student code catches errors that are missed by handwritten test suite, and explains how to safely share tests and results.}
}

@inproceedings{Stam2013,
  author = {Eliane Stampfer and Kenneth R. Koedinger},
  title = {When Seeing Isn't Believing: Influences of Prior Conceptions and Misconceptions},
  booktitle = {2013 Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society ({CogSci'13})},
  year = {2013},
  local = {stampfer-2013-seeing-isnt-believing.pdf},
  note = {Explores why giving children more information when they are learning about fractions can lower their performance.}
}

@inproceedings{Stam2014,
  author = {Eliane {Stampfer Wiese} and Kenneth R. Koedinger},
  title = {Investigating Scaffolds for Sense Making in Fraction Addition and Comparison},
  booktitle = {2014 Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society ({CogSci'14})},
  year = {2014},
  local = {stampferwiese-2014-scaffolds-sense-making.pdf},
  note = {Looks at how to scaffold learning of fraction operations.}
}

@article{Star2014,
  author = {Philip Stark and Richard Freishtat},
  title = {An Evaluation of Course Evaluations},
  journal = {{ScienceOpen} Research},
  year = {2014},
  month = {9},
  publisher = {ScienceOpen},
  doi = {10.14293/s2199-1006.1.sor-edu.aofrqa.v1},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.14293/s2199-1006.1.sor-edu.aofrqa.v1},
  local = {stark-2014-evaluating-evaluations.pdf},
  note = {Yet another demonstration that teaching evaluations don't correlate with learning outcomes, and that they are frequently statistically suspect.}
}

@book{Stas1998,
  editor = {John Stasko and John Domingue and Mark H. Brown and Blaine A. Price},
  title = {Software Visualization: Programming as a Multimedia Experience},
  year = {1998},
  publisher = {{MIT} Press},
  isbn = {0262193957},
  note = {A survey of program and algorithm visualization techniques and results.}
}

@book{Stee2011,
  author = {Claude M. Steele},
  title = {Whistling Vivaldi: How Stereotypes Affect Us and What We Can Do},
  year = {2011},
  publisher = {W. W. Norton \& Company},
  isbn = {0393339726},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/0393339726},
  note = {Explains and explores stereotype threat and strategies for addressing it.}
}

@article{Stef2013,
  author = {Andreas Stefik and Susanna Siebert},
  title = {An Empirical Investigation into Programming Language Syntax},
  journal = {{ACM} Transactions on Computing Education},
  volume = {13},
  number = {4},
  pages = {1--40},
  year = {2013},
  month = {11},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/2534973},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2534973},
  local = {stefik-2013-syntax.pdf},
  note = {Reports that curly-brace languages are as hard to learn as a language with randomly-designed syntax, but others are easier.}
}

@misc{Stef2017,
  author = {Andreas Stefik and Patrick Daleiden and Diana Franklin and Stefan Hanenberg and Antti-Juhani Kaijanaho and Walter Tichy and Brett A. Becker},
  title = {Programming Languages and Learning},
  year = {2017},
  howpublished = {\url{https://quorumlanguage.com/evidence.html}},
  local = {stefik-2017-evidence-summary.pdf},
  note = {Summarizes what we actually know about designing programming languages and why we believe it's true.}
}

@inproceedings{Steg2014,
  author = {Martijn Stegeman and Erik Barendsen and Sjaak Smetsers},
  title = {Towards an Empirically Validated Model for Assessment of Code Quality},
  booktitle = {2014 Koli Calling Conference on Computing Education Research ({Koli'14})},
  year = {2014},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/2674683.2674702},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2674683.2674702},
  local = {stegeman-2014-code-quality.pdf},
  note = {Presents a code quality rubric for novice programming courses.}
}

@inproceedings{Steg2016a,
  author = {Martijn Stegeman and Erik Barendsen and Sjaak Smetsers},
  title = {Designing a Rubric for Feedback on Code Quality in Programming Courses},
  booktitle = {2016 Koli Calling Conference on Computing Education Research ({Koli'16})},
  year = {2016},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/2999541.2999555},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2999541.2999555},
  local = {stegeman-2016-quality-rubric.pdf},
  note = {Describes several iterations of a code quality rubric for novice programming courses.}
}

@misc{Steg2016b,
  author = {Martijn Stegeman and Erik Barendsen and Sjaak Smetsers},
  title = {Rubric for Feedback on Code Quality in Programming Courses},
  year = {2016},
  howpublished = {\url{http://stgm.nl/quality}},
  local = {stegeman-2016-rubric.pdf},
  note = {Presents a code quality rubric for novice programming.}
}

@inproceedings{Stei2013,
  author = {Igor Steinmacher and Igor Wiese and Ana Paula Chaves and Marco Aurelio Gérosa},
  title = {Why do newcomers abandon open source software projects?},
  booktitle = {2013 International Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering ({CHASE'13})},
  month = {5},
  year = {2013},
  publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})},
  doi = {10.1109/chase.2013.6614728},
  note = {Explores why new members \emph{don't} stay in open source projects.}
}

@inproceedings{Stei2016,
  author = {Igor Steinmacher and Tayana Uchoa Conte and Christoph Treude and Marco Aurélio Gerosa},
  title = {Overcoming open source project entry barriers with a portal for newcomers},
  booktitle = {2016 International Conference on Software Engineering ({ICSE'16})},
  year = {2016},
  publisher = {{ACM} Press},
  doi = {10.1145/2884781.2884806},
  note = {Reports the effectiveness of a portal specifically designed to help newcomers.}
}

@inproceedings{Stei2018,
  author = {Igor Steinmacher and Gustavo Pinto and Igor Scaliante Wiese and Marco Aurélio Gerosa},
  title = {Almost There: A Study on Quasi-Contributors in Open-Source Software Projects},
  booktitle = {2018 International Conference on Software Engineering ({ICSE'18})},
  publisher = {{ACM} Press},
  year = {2018},
  doi = {10.1145/3180155.3180208},
  note = {Look at why external developers fail to get their contributions accepted into open source projects.}
}

@article{Stoc2018,
  author = {Jean Stockard and Timothy W. Wood and Cristy Coughlin and Caitlin Rasplica Khoury},
  title = {The Effectiveness of Direct Instruction Curricula: A Meta-analysis of a Half Century of Research},
  journal = {Review of Educational Research},
  pages = {003465431775191},
  year = {2018},
  month = {1},
  publisher = {American Educational Research Association ({AERA})},
  doi = {10.3102/0034654317751919},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654317751919},
  local = {stockard-2018-direct-instruction.pdf},
  note = {A meta-analysis that finds significant positive benefit for Direct Instruction.}
}

@article{Sung2012,
  author = {Eunmo Sung and Richard E. Mayer},
  title = {When Graphics Improve Liking but not Learning from Online Lessons},
  journal = {Computers in Human Behavior},
  volume = {28},
  number = {5},
  pages = {1618--1625},
  year = {2012},
  month = {9},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  doi = {10.1016/j.chb.2012.03.026},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.03.026},
  local = {sung-2012-graphics-learning.pdf},
  note = {Reports that students who receive any kind of graphics give significantly higher satisfaction ratings than those who don't, but only students who get instructive graphics perform better than groups that get no graphics, seductive graphics, or decorative graphics.}
}

@article{Sved2016,
  author = {Maria Svedin and Olle Bälter},
  title = {Gender Neutrality Improved Completion Rate for All},
  journal = {Computer Science Education},
  volume = {26},
  number = {2-3},
  pages = {192--207},
  year = {2016},
  month = {7},
  publisher = {Informa {UK} Limited},
  doi = {10.1080/08993408.2016.1231469},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1080/08993408.2016.1231469},
  local = {svedin-2016-gender-neutrality-completion-rates.pdf},
  note = {Reports that redesigning an online course to be gender neutral improves completion probability in general, but decreases it for students with a superficial approach to learning.}
}

@comment{TTT}

@article{Tedr2008,
  author = {Matti Tedre and Erkki Sutinen},
  title = {Three Traditions of Computing: What Educators Should Know},
  journal = {Computer Science Education},
  volume = {18},
  number = {3},
  pages = {153--170},
  year = {2008},
  month = {9},
  publisher = {Informa {UK} Limited},
  doi = {10.1080/08993400802332332},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1080/08993400802332332},
  local = {tedre-2008-computing-traditions.pdf},
  note = {Summarizes the history and views of three traditions in computing: mathematical, scientific, and engineering.}
}

@inproceedings{Tew2011,
  author = {Allison Elliott Tew and Mark Guzdial},
  title = {The {FCS1}: A Language Independent Assessment of {CS1} Knowledge},
  booktitle = {2011 Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education ({SIGCSE'11})},
  year = {2011},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/1953163.1953200},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/1953163.1953200},
  local = {tew-2011-fcs1.pdf},
  note = {Describes development and validation of a language-independent assessment instrument for CS1 knowledge.}
}

@inproceedings{Thay2017,
  author = {Kyle Thayer and Andrew J. Ko},
  title = {Barriers Faced by Coding Bootcamp Students},
  booktitle = {2017 International Computing Education Research Conference ({ICER'17})},
  year = {2017},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/3105726.3106176},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3105726.3106176},
  local = {thayer-2017-bootcamps.pdf},
  note = {Reports that coding bootcamps are sometimes useful, but quality is varied, and formal and informal barriers to employment remain.}
}

@comment{UUU}

@misc{Ubel2017,
  author = {Robert Ubell},
  title = {How the Pioneers of the {MOOC} got It Wrong},
  year = {2017},
  howpublished = {\url{http://spectrum.ieee.org/tech-talk/at-work/education/how-the-pioneers-of-the-mooc-got-it-wrong}},
  note = {A brief exploration of why MOOCs haven't lived up to initial hype.}
}

@article{Urba2014,
  author = {David R. Urbach and Anand Govindarajan and Refik Saskin and Andrew S. Wilton and Nancy N. Baxter},
  title = {Introduction of Surgical Safety Checklists in Ontario, Canada},
  journal = {New England Journal of Medicine},
  volume = {370},
  number = {11},
  pages = {1029--1038},
  year = {2014},
  month = {3},
  publisher = {New England Journal of Medicine},
  doi = {10.1056/nejmsa1308261},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmsa1308261},
  local = {urbach-2014-checklists.pdf},
  note = {Reports a study showing that the introduction of surgical checklists did not have a significant effect on operative outcomes.}
}

@inproceedings{Utti2013,
  author = {Ian Utting and Juha Sorva and Tadeusz Wilusz and Allison Elliott Tew and Michael McCracken and Lynda Thomas and Dennis Bouvier and Roger Frye and James Paterson and Michael E. Caspersen and Yifat Ben-David Kolikant},
  title = {A Fresh Look at Novice Programmers' Performance and Their Teachers' Expectations},
  booktitle = {2013 Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education ({ITiCSE'13})},
  year = {2013},
  publisher = {{ACM} Press},
  doi = {10.1145/2543882.2543884},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2543882.2543884},
  local = {utting-2013-fresh-look.pdf},
  note = {Replicates an earlier study showing how little students learn in their first programming course.}
}

@article{Uttl2017,
  author = {Bob Uttl and Carmela A. White and Daniela Wong Gonzalez},
  title = {Meta-analysis of Faculty's Teaching Effectiveness: Student Evaluation of Teaching Ratings and Student Learning are not Related},
  journal = {Studies in Educational Evaluation},
  volume = {54},
  pages = {22--42},
  year = {2017},
  month = {9},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  doi = {10.1016/j.stueduc.2016.08.007},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2016.08.007},
  local = {uttl-2016-evaluations.pdf},
  note = {Summarizes studies showing that how students rate a course and how much they actually learn are not related.}
}

@comment{VVV}

@article{Varm2015,
  author = {Roli Varma and Deepak Kapur},
  title = {Decoding Femininity in Computer Science in India},
  journal = {Communications of the {ACM}},
  volume = {58},
  number = {5},
  pages = {56--62},
  year = {2015},
  month = {4},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/2663339},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2663339},
  local = {varma-2015-women.pdf},
  note = {Reports female participation in computing in India.}
}

@inproceedings{Vell2017,
  author = {Mickey Vellukunnel and Philip Buffum and Kristy Elizabeth Boyer and Jeffrey Forbes and Sarah Heckman and Ketan Mayer-Patel},
  title = {Deconstructing the Discussion Forum: Student Questions and Computer Science Learning},
  booktitle = {2017 Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education ({SIGCSE'17})},
  year = {2017},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/3017680.3017745},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3017680.3017745},
  local = {vellukunnel-2017-discussion-forums.pdf},
  note = {Found that students mostly ask constructivist and logistical questions in forums, and that the former correlate with grades.}
}

@inproceedings{Viha2014,
  author = {Arto Vihavainen and Jonne Airaksinen and Christopher Watson},
  title = {A Systematic Review of Approaches for Teaching Introductory Programming and Their Influence on Success},
  booktitle = {2014 International Computing Education Research Conference ({ICER'14})},
  year = {2014},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/2632320.2632349},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2632320.2632349},
  local = {vihaivanen-2014-intro-programming-survey.pdf},
  note = {Consolidates studies of CS1-level teaching changes and finds media computation the most effective, while introducing a game theme is the least effective.}
}

@comment{WWW}

@inproceedings{Wall2009,
  author = {Thorbjorn Walle and Jo Erskine Hannay},
  title = {Personality and the Nature of Collaboration in Pair Programming},
  booktitle = {2009 International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement ({ESER'09})},
  year = {2009},
  month = {10},
  publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})},
  doi = {10.1109/esem.2009.5315996},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1109/esem.2009.5315996},
  local = {walle-2009-pair-programming.pdf},
  note = {Reports that pairs with different levels of a given personality trait communicated more intensively.}
}

@inproceedings{Wang2018,
  author = {April Y. Wang and Ryan Mitts and Philip J. Guo and Parmit K. Chilana},
  title = {Mismatch of Expectations: How Modern Learning Resources Fail Conversational Programmers},
  booktitle = {2018 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems ({CHI'18})},
  year = {2018},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/3173574.3174085},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3173574.3174085},
  local = {wang-2018-conversational-programmers.pdf},
  note = {Reports that learning resources don't really help conversational programmers (those who learn coding to take part in technical discussions).}
}

@book{Ward2015,
  author = {James Ward},
  title = {Adventures in Stationery: A Journey Through Your Pencil Case},
  year = {2015},
  publisher = {Profile Books},
  isbn = {1846686164},
  note = {A wonderful look at the everyday items that would be in your desk drawer if someone hadn't walked off with them.}
}

@inproceedings{Wats2014,
  author = {Christopher Watson and Frederick W. B. Li},
  title = {Failure Rates in Introductory Programming Revisited},
  booktitle = {2014 Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education ({ITiCSE'14})},
  year = {2014},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/2591708.2591749},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2591708.2591749},
  local = {watson-2014-failure-rates.pdf},
  note = {A larger version of an earlier study that found an average of one third of students fail CS1.}
}

@book{Watt2014,
  author = {Audrey Watters},
  title = {The Monsters of Education Technology},
  year = {2014},
  publisher = {CreateSpace},
  isbn = {1505225051},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/1505225051},
  note = {A collection of essays about the history of educational technology and the exaggerated claims repeatedly made for it.}
}

@article{Wein2018a,
  author = {Yana Weinstein and Christopher R. Madan and Megan A. Sumeracki},
  title = {Teaching the Science of Learning},
  journal = {Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  year = {2018},
  month = {1},
  publisher = {Springer Nature},
  doi = {10.1186/s41235-017-0087-y},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-017-0087-y},
  local = {weinstein-2018-teaching-learning.pdf},
  note = {A tutorial review of six evidence-based learning practices.}
}

@book{Wein2018b,
  author = {Yana Weinstein and Megan Sumeracki and Oliver Caviglioli},
  title = {Understanding How We Learn: A Visual Guide},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {2018},
  isbn = {978-1138561724},
  note = {A short graphical summary of effective learning strategies.}
}

@article{Wein2017,
  author = {David Weintrop and Uri Wilensky},
  title = {Comparing Block-Based and Text-Based Programming in High School Computer Science Classrooms},
  journal = {{ACM} Transactions on Computing Education},
  volume = {18},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--25},
  year = {2017},
  month = {10},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/3089799},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3089799},
  local = {weintrop-2017-comparing-blocks.pdf},
  note = {Reports that students learn faster and better with blocks than with text.}
}

@misc{Weng2015,
  author = {Etienne Wenger-Trayner and Beverly Wenger-Trayner},
  title = {Communities of Practice: A Brief Introduction},
  year = {2015},
  howpublished = {\url{http://wenger-trayner.com/intro-to-cops/}},
  local = {wengertrayner-2015-communities-practice.pdf},
  note = {A brief summary of what communities of practice are and aren't.}
}

@book{Wibu2016,
  editor = {Karin Wiburg and Julia Parra and Gaspard Mucundanyi and Jennifer Green and Nate Shaver},
  title = {The Little Book of Learning Theories},
  edition = {Second},
  year = {2016},
  publisher = {CreateSpace},
  isbn = {1537091808},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/1537091808},
  note = {Presents brief summaries of various theories of learning.}
}

@book{Wigg2005,
  author = {Grant Wiggins and Jay McTighe},
  title = {Understanding by Design},
  year = {2005},
  publisher = {Association for Supervision \& Curriculum Development ({ASCD})},
  isbn = {1416600353},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/1416600353},
  note = {A lengthy presentation of reverse instructional design.}
}

@inproceedings{Wilc2018,
  author = {Chris Wilcox and Albert Lionelle},
  title = {Quantifying the Benefits of Prior Programming Experience in an Introductory Computer Science Course},
  booktitle = {2018 Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education ({SIGCSE'18})},
  year = {2018},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})},
  doi = {10.1145/3159450.3159480},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3159450.3159480},
  local = {wilcox-2018-prior-experience-benefits.pdf},
  note = {Reports that students with prior experience outscore students without in CS1, but there is no significant difference in performance by the end of CS2; also finds that female students with prior exposure outperform their male peers in all areas, but are consistently less confident in their abilities.}
}

@misc{Wile2002,
  author = {David Wiley},
  title = {The Reusability Paradox},
  howpublished = {\url{http://opencontent.org/docs/paradox.html}},
  year = {2002},
  note = {Summarizes the tension between learnings objects being effective and reusable.}
}

@book{Wilk2011,
  author = {Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett},
  title = {The Spirit Level: Why Greater Equality Makes Societies Stronger},
  year = {2011},
  publisher = {Bloomsbury Press},
  isbn = {1608193411},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/1608193411},
  note = {Presents evidence that inequality harms everyone, both economically and otherwise.}
}

@book{Will2010,
  author = {Daniel T. Willingham},
  title = {Why Don't Students Like School?: A Cognitive Scientist Answers Questions about How the Mind Works and What It Means for the Classroom},
  year = {2010},
  publisher = {Jossey-Bass},
  isbn = {047059196X},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/047059196X},
  note = {A cognitive scientist looks at how the mind works in the classroom.}
}

@article{Wils2007,
  author = {Karen Wilson and James H. Korn},
  title = {Attention During Lectures: Beyond Ten Minutes},
  journal = {Teaching of Psychology},
  volume = {34},
  number = {2},
  pages = {85--89},
  year = {2007},
  month = {6},
  publisher = {Informa {UK} Limited},
  doi = {10.1080/00986280701291291},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00986280701291291},
  local = {wilson-2007-attention.pdf},
  note = {Reports little support for the claim that students only have a 10--15 minute attention span (though there is lots of individual variation).}
}

@article{Wils2016,
  author = {Greg Wilson},
  title = {{Software Carpentry}: Lessons Learned},
  journal = {F1000Research},
  year = {2016},
  month = {1},
  publisher = {F1000 Research},
  doi = {10.12688/f1000research.3-62.v2},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.3-62.v2},
  local = {wilson-2016-lessons-learned.pdf},
  note = {A history and analysis of Software Carpentry.}
}

@book{Wlod2017,
  author = {Raymond J. Wlodkowski and Margery B. Ginsberg},
  title = {Enhancing Adult Motivation to Learn: A Comprehensive Guide for Teaching All Adults},
  year = {2017},
  publisher = {Jossey-Bass},
  isbn = {1119077990},
  link = {https://isbndb.com/book/1119077990},
  note = {The standard reference for understanding adult motivation.}
}

@comment{XXX}

@article{Xie2019,
  author = {Benjamin Xie and Dastyni Loksa and Greg L. Nelson and Matthew J. Davidson and Dongsheng Dong and Harrison Kwik and Alex Hui Tan and Leanne Hwa and Min Li and Andrew J. Ko},
  title = {A theory of instruction for introductory programming skills},
  journal = {Computer Science Education},
  doi = {10.1080/08993408.2019.1565235},
  year = {2019},
  month = {1},
  volume = {29},
  number = {2-3},
  pages = {205--253},
  publisher = {Informa {UK} Limited},
  note = {Lays out a four-part theory for teaching novices based on reading vs.\ writing and code vs.\ templates.}
}

@comment{YYY}

@article{Yada2016,
  author = {Aman Yadav and Sarah Gretter and Susanne Hambrusch and Phil Sands},
  title = {Expanding Computer Science Education in Schools: Understanding Teacher Experiences and Challenges},
  journal = {Computer Science Education},
  volume = {26},
  number = {4},
  pages = {235--254},
  year = {2016},
  month = {12},
  publisher = {Informa {UK} Limited},
  doi = {10.1080/08993408.2016.1257418},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1080/08993408.2016.1257418},
  local = {yadav-2016-expanding-cs-education.pdf},
  note = {Summarizes feedback from K-12 teachers on what they need by way of preparation and support.}
}

@article{Yang2015,
  author = {Yu-Fen Yang and Yuan-Yu Lin},
  title = {Online Collaborative Note-Taking Strategies to Foster {EFL} Beginners' Literacy Development},
  journal = {System},
  volume = {52},
  pages = {127--138},
  year = {2015},
  month = {8},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  doi = {10.1016/j.system.2015.05.006},
  link = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2015.05.006},
  local = {yang-2015-collaborative-note-taking.pdf},
  note = {Reports that students using collaborative note taking when learning English as a foreign language do better than those who don't.}
}