Hydrogen is the first and simplest element in the periodic table. It is the lightest element, consisting of just one proton and one electron. Hydrogen is a non-metal and is most commonly found as a diatomic molecule, H2.
+
+
+
Atomic Structure
+
+
+
+
Atomic Information
+
+
+
Property
+
Value
+
+
+
Atomic Number
+
1
+
+
+
Symbol
+
H
+
+
+
Atomic Mass
+
1.008 u
+
+
+
Electron Configuration
+
1s1
+
+
+
State at Room Temperature
+
Gas
+
+
+
+
Interesting Facts About Hydrogen
+
+
Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe, making up roughly 75% of its normal matter by mass.
+
Hydrogen gas (H2) is highly flammable and was used in early airships like the Hindenburg.
+
In its molecular form, H2 is colorless, odorless, and tasteless.
+
Hydrogen is a key component in the production of ammonia (NH3), which is vital for fertilizers.
+
It plays an essential role in stars, including the Sun, where nuclear fusion occurs to form helium from hydrogen.
+
+
+
History of Hydrogen
+
Hydrogen was discovered by Henry Cavendish in 1766. He produced hydrogen by reacting metals with acids, and found that it was a unique gas that produced water when burned. Later, Antoine Lavoisier gave hydrogen its name, which comes from the Greek word "hydro" meaning water and "genes" meaning creator, because it forms water when it reacts with oxygen.
+
+
Uses of Hydrogen
+
Hydrogen has many applications in modern industries:
+
+
Fuel cells: Hydrogen is used in fuel cells to generate electricity, primarily for use in vehicles and other portable devices.
+
Hydrogenation: In the food industry, hydrogen is used to hydrogenate oils, turning liquid oils into solid fats, like margarine.
+
Rocket fuel: Hydrogen is used as rocket fuel (liquid hydrogen) in combination with liquid oxygen for space exploration.
Silicon is a metalloid and is the second most abundant element in the Earth's crust. It is a crucial component in electronics.
+
+
+
Atomic Structure
+
+
+
+
Atomic Information
+
+
+
Property
+
Value
+
+
+
Atomic Number
+
14
+
+
+
Symbol
+
Si
+
+
+
Atomic Mass
+
28.085 u
+
+
+
Electron Configuration
+
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2
+
+
+
State at Room Temperature
+
Solid
+
+
+
+
Uses of Silicon
+
+
Used in semiconductors and solar panels.
+
Essential in making glass and ceramics.
+
Present in silicones used in medical implants.
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
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+
+
+
+
+
+ Phosphorus Atom Details
+
+
+
+
Phosphorus
+
+
Phosphorus is a nonmetal and exists in various allotropes, such as white and red phosphorus. It is essential for life and is a key component of DNA and ATP.
+
+
+
Atomic Structure
+
+
+
+
Atomic Information
+
+
+
Property
+
Value
+
+
+
Atomic Number
+
15
+
+
+
Symbol
+
P
+
+
+
Atomic Mass
+
30.974 u
+
+
+
Electron Configuration
+
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3
+
+
+
State at Room Temperature
+
Solid
+
+
+
+
Uses of Phosphorus
+
+
Used in fertilizers for agriculture.
+
Essential in the manufacture of safety matches.
+
Phosphorus compounds are used in detergents and cleaning products.
Potassium is an alkali metal and is highly reactive. It is vital for the functioning of cells in living organisms.
+
+
+
Atomic Structure
+
+
+
+
Atomic Information
+
+
+
Property
+
Value
+
+
+
Atomic Number
+
19
+
+
+
Symbol
+
K
+
+
+
Atomic Mass
+
39.098 u
+
+
+
Electron Configuration
+
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1
+
+
+
State at Room Temperature
+
Solid
+
+
+
+
Uses of Potassium
+
+
Used in fertilizers as a source of potassium.
+
Vital for
diff --git a/public/2.html b/public/2.html
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+
+
+
+
+
+ Helium Atom Details
+
+
+
+
Helium
+
+
+
Helium is the second element in the periodic table and is classified as a noble gas. It is colorless, odorless, and the second lightest element after Hydrogen. Helium is an inert gas, meaning it doesn't easily react with other elements or compounds.
+
+
+
Atomic Structure
+
+
+
+
Atomic Information
+
+
+
Property
+
Value
+
+
+
Atomic Number
+
2
+
+
+
Symbol
+
He
+
+
+
Atomic Mass
+
4.0026 u
+
+
+
Electron Configuration
+
1s2
+
+
+
State at Room Temperature
+
Gas
+
+
+
+
Interesting Facts About Helium
+
+
Helium is the second most abundant element in the universe, after Hydrogen.
+
Helium is lighter than air and is commonly used to fill balloons and airships.
+
It has the lowest boiling and melting points of any element.
+
Helium does not solidify under standard pressure, even at absolute zero.
+
The Sun produces Helium through the nuclear fusion of Hydrogen.
+
+
+
History of Helium
+
Helium was first discovered in 1868 by French astronomer Pierre Janssen and English scientist Norman Lockyer. It was identified in the Sun's spectrum during a solar eclipse before being found on Earth in 1895 by Sir William Ramsay while studying uranium minerals.
+
+
Uses of Helium
+
Helium has many unique and important applications:
+
+
Cryogenics: Helium is used as a coolant for superconducting magnets in MRI scanners.
+
Space exploration: Helium is used to pressurize fuel tanks and in the cooling of rocket engines.
+
Breathing mixtures: Helium is combined with oxygen to create breathing gases for deep-sea diving.
+
Balloon inflation: Helium is widely used to fill decorative and weather balloons.
Calcium is an alkaline earth metal that is essential for life, particularly for the health of bones and teeth. It also plays a role in muscle function and nerve transmission.
+
+
+
Atomic Structure
+
+
+
+
Atomic Information
+
+
+
Property
+
Value
+
+
+
Atomic Number
+
20
+
+
+
Symbol
+
Ca
+
+
+
Atomic Mass
+
40.078 u
+
+
+
Electron Configuration
+
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2
+
+
+
State at Room Temperature
+
Solid
+
+
+
+
Uses of Calcium
+
+
Vital for the formation and maintenance of bones and teeth.
+
Used in the production of cement and plaster.
+
Essential in biological processes like muscle contraction and blood clotting.
Titanium is a transition metal known for its strength, corrosion resistance, and high melting point. It is widely used in aerospace and medical implants.
+
+
+
Atomic Structure
+
+
+
+
Atomic Information
+
+
+
Property
+
Value
+
+
+
Atomic Number
+
22
+
+
+
Symbol
+
Ti
+
+
+
Atomic Mass
+
47.867 u
+
+
+
Electron Configuration
+
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d2 4s2
+
+
+
State at Room Temperature
+
Solid
+
+
+
+
Uses of Titanium
+
+
Used in aerospace and military applications for its strength and light weight.
+
In medical devices like implants due to its biocompatibility.
Chromium is a transition metal known for its hardness and high melting point. It is widely used in stainless steel production and for plating purposes.
+
+
+
Atomic Structure
+
+
+
+
Atomic Information
+
+
+
Property
+
Value
+
+
+
Atomic Number
+
24
+
+
+
Symbol
+
Cr
+
+
+
Atomic Mass
+
52.00 u
+
+
+
Electron Configuration
+
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s1
+
+
+
State at Room Temperature
+
Solid
+
+
+
+
Uses of Chromium
+
+
Used in the production of stainless steel and other alloys.
+
Applied as a plating material for its corrosion resistance and attractive appearance.
Manganese is a transition metal with a wide range of uses, especially in the production of steel and alloys. It is known for its importance in biological processes, including enzyme function.
+
+
+
Atomic Structure
+
+
+
+
Atomic Information
+
+
+
Property
+
Value
+
+
+
Atomic Number
+
25
+
+
+
Symbol
+
Mn
+
+
+
Atomic Mass
+
54.938044 u
+
+
+
Electron Configuration
+
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s2
+
+
+
State at Room Temperature
+
Solid
+
+
+
+
Uses of Manganese
+
+
Used in steel production to improve strength and hardness.
+
Vital in the formation of many enzymes.
+
+
+
diff --git a/public/26.html b/public/26.html
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+
+
+
+
+
+ Iron Atom Details
+
+
+
+
Iron
+
+
Iron is a transition metal known for its use in the production of steel and its essential role in biological processes, particularly in oxygen transport within the blood.
+
+
+
Atomic Structure
+
+
+
+
Atomic Information
+
+
+
Property
+
Value
+
+
+
Atomic Number
+
26
+
+
+
Symbol
+
Fe
+
+
+
Atomic Mass
+
55.845 u
+
+
+
Electron Configuration
+
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d6 4s2
+
+
+
State at Room Temperature
+
Solid
+
+
+
+
Uses of Iron
+
+
Primarily used in the production of steel, which is vital for construction and manufacturing.
+
Plays a crucial role in oxygen transport in the blood as part of hemoglobin.
Cobalt is a transition metal that is widely used in alloys and for producing hard metals. It also has an important role in the biological system, especially in vitamin B12.
+
+
+
Atomic Structure
+
+
+
+
Atomic Information
+
+
+
Property
+
Value
+
+
+
Atomic Number
+
27
+
+
+
Symbol
+
Co
+
+
+
Atomic Mass
+
58.933 u
+
+
+
Electron Configuration
+
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d7 4s2
+
+
+
State at Room Temperature
+
Solid
+
+
+
+
Uses of Cobalt
+
+
Used in the production of hard metals and alloys, especially in the aerospace and energy industries.
+
Vital component of vitamin B12, important for the health of the nervous system.
Nickel is a transition metal widely used in the production of stainless steel and other corrosion-resistant alloys. It is also used in batteries and electronic devices.
+
+
+
Atomic Structure
+
+
+
+
Atomic Information
+
+
+
Property
+
Value
+
+
+
Atomic Number
+
28
+
+
+
Symbol
+
Ni
+
+
+
Atomic Mass
+
58.6934 u
+
+
+
Electron Configuration
+
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d8 4s2
+
+
+
State at Room Temperature
+
Solid
+
+
+
+
Uses of Nickel
+
+
Used extensively in stainless steel and other corrosion-resistant alloys.
+
Important component of rechargeable batteries (e.g., nickel-metal hydride batteries).
Lithium is the third element in the periodic table and is classified as an alkali metal. It is a soft, silvery-white metal that is highly reactive and the lightest solid element.
+
+
+
Atomic Structure
+
+
+
+
Atomic Information
+
+
+
Property
+
Value
+
+
+
Atomic Number
+
3
+
+
+
Symbol
+
Li
+
+
+
Atomic Mass
+
6.94 u
+
+
+
Electron Configuration
+
1s2 2s1
+
+
+
State at Room Temperature
+
Solid
+
+
+
+
Interesting Facts About Lithium
+
+
Lithium is the least dense metal and can float on water.
+
It reacts vigorously with water, producing hydrogen gas and lithium hydroxide.
+
Lithium is used in the production of lightweight batteries, especially for portable electronics and electric vehicles.
+
It is an essential component in treating certain mental health conditions, like bipolar disorder.
+
Lithium does not occur freely in nature but is found in minerals such as spodumene and petalite.
+
+
+
History of Lithium
+
Lithium was discovered in 1817 by Swedish chemist Johan August Arfvedson while analyzing the mineral petalite. Its name comes from the Greek word "lithos," meaning stone, because it was first found in minerals rather than plant or animal matter.
+
+
Uses of Lithium
+
Lithium has numerous important applications:
+
+
Batteries: Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in smartphones, laptops, and electric vehicles.
+
Glass and ceramics: Lithium is used to strengthen glass and ceramics.
+
Medicines: Lithium compounds are used to treat psychiatric disorders, such as bipolar disorder.
+
Alloys: Lithium is used to create lightweight and strong alloys for the aerospace industry.
Zinc is a transition metal that is commonly used in galvanizing other metals to prevent rusting. It also plays a role in numerous biological functions and is an essential trace element.
+
+
+
Atomic Structure
+
+
+
+
Atomic Information
+
+
+
Property
+
Value
+
+
+
Atomic Number
+
30
+
+
+
Symbol
+
Zn
+
+
+
Atomic Mass
+
65.38 u
+
+
+
Electron Configuration
+
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2
+
+
+
State at Room Temperature
+
Solid
+
+
+
+
Uses of Zinc
+
+
Used in galvanization to protect iron and steel from rusting.
+
Important in alloys like brass and bronze.
+
Vital for biological processes as it plays a role in enzyme function.
Gallium is a soft metal that is used in electronics and solar panels. It is known for its low melting point and is often used in combination with other metals to form alloys.
+
+
+
Atomic Structure
+
+
+
+
Atomic Information
+
+
+
Property
+
Value
+
+
+
Atomic Number
+
31
+
+
+
Symbol
+
Ga
+
+
+
Atomic Mass
+
69.723 u
+
+
+
Electron Configuration
+
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p1
+
+
+
State at Room Temperature
+
Solid
+
+
+
+
Uses of Gallium
+
+
Used in semiconductors, especially in high-efficiency solar cells.
+
Used in the production of LEDs and laser diodes.
+
Gallium alloys have low melting points and are used in thermometers.
Arsenic is a toxic metalloid used in semiconductors and as a pesticide. It has various industrial applications but is known for its potential health hazards.
+
+
+
Atomic Structure
+
+
+
+
Atomic Information
+
+
+
Property
+
Value
+
+
+
Atomic Number
+
33
+
+
+
Symbol
+
As
+
+
+
Atomic Mass
+
74.922 u
+
+
+
Electron Configuration
+
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p3
+
+
+
State at Room Temperature
+
Solid
+
+
+
+
Uses of Arsenic
+
+
Used in semiconductors for electronics and optoelectronics.
+
Important in the production of certain pesticides and herbicides.
Selenium is a non-metal that is widely used in electronics, specifically in photovoltaic cells. It also plays a crucial role in various biological systems.
+
+
+
Atomic Structure
+
+
+
+
Atomic Information
+
+
+
Property
+
Value
+
+
+
Atomic Number
+
34
+
+
+
Symbol
+
Se
+
+
+
Atomic Mass
+
78.971 u
+
+
+
Electron Configuration
+
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p4
+
+
+
State at Room Temperature
+
Solid
+
+
+
+
Uses of Selenium
+
+
Used in photovoltaic cells and solar panels.
+
Important in electronics, specifically for rectifiers and photoelectric cells.
+
Used in animal feed as a trace element essential for health.
Bromine is a halogen element and exists as a reddish-brown liquid at room temperature. It is used in various chemical processes, including flame retardants.
+
+
+
Atomic Structure
+
+
+
+
Atomic Information
+
+
+
Property
+
Value
+
+
+
Atomic Number
+
35
+
+
+
Symbol
+
Br
+
+
+
Atomic Mass
+
79.904 u
+
+
+
Electron Configuration
+
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p5
+
+
+
State at Room Temperature
+
Liquid
+
+
+
+
Uses of Bromine
+
+
Used in flame retardants and other chemical compounds.
+
Important in the production of bromine-based disinfectants.
+
Used in photographic chemicals and in the synthesis of certain drugs.
Krypton is a noble gas that is colorless, odorless, and tasteless. It is used in a variety of applications, including in certain types of lighting and as a gas for high-performance insulation.
+
+
+
Atomic Structure
+
+
+
+
Atomic Information
+
+
+
Property
+
Value
+
+
+
Atomic Number
+
36
+
+
+
Symbol
+
Kr
+
+
+
Atomic Mass
+
83.798 u
+
+
+
Electron Configuration
+
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6
+
+
+
State at Room Temperature
+
Gas
+
+
+
+
Uses of Krypton
+
+
Used in certain types of fluorescent lighting and high-performance light bulbs.
+
Used as a filling gas in energy-efficient windows.
+
Used in some types of lasers and in specialized photography applications.
Rubidium is a soft, silvery-white alkali metal. It is highly reactive and is used in research, particularly in studies of atomic interactions and superconductivity.
+
+
+
Atomic Structure
+
+
+
+
Atomic Information
+
+
+
Property
+
Value
+
+
+
Atomic Number
+
37
+
+
+
Symbol
+
Rb
+
+
+
Atomic Mass
+
85.4678 u
+
+
+
Electron Configuration
+
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 5s1
+
+
+
State at Room Temperature
+
Solid
+
+
+
+
Uses of Rubidium
+
+
Used in research and development of atomic clocks and in experiments on superconductivity.
+
Used in the production of special glasses and in the preparation of other rubidium compounds.
Yttrium is a transition metal used in electronics, lasers, and in medical applications such as radiation therapy. It is also present in the manufacturing of superconductors.
+
+
+
Atomic Structure
+
+
+
+
Atomic Information
+
+
+
Property
+
Value
+
+
+
Atomic Number
+
39
+
+
+
Symbol
+
Y
+
+
+
Atomic Mass
+
88.905 u
+
+
+
Electron Configuration
+
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d1
+
+
+
State at Room Temperature
+
Solid
+
+
+
+
Uses of Yttrium
+
+
Used in the production of LEDs and phosphors.
+
Used in lasers, particularly in medical and industrial applications.
+
Used in the manufacturing of superconductors and in radiation therapy treatments.
Beryllium is the fourth element in the periodic table and is classified as an alkaline earth metal. It is a hard, grayish metal that is relatively rare and highly toxic in its powdered form.
+
+
+
Atomic Structure
+
+
+
+
Atomic Information
+
+
+
Property
+
Value
+
+
+
Atomic Number
+
4
+
+
+
Symbol
+
Be
+
+
+
Atomic Mass
+
9.0122 u
+
+
+
Electron Configuration
+
1s2 2s2
+
+
+
State at Room Temperature
+
Solid
+
+
+
+
Interesting Facts About Beryllium
+
+
Beryllium is lightweight but has a high melting point, making it useful in aerospace applications.
+
It is nonmagnetic and has excellent thermal conductivity.
+
Beryllium is transparent to X-rays and is used in the production of X-ray windows.
+
It is primarily obtained from the minerals beryl and bertrandite.
+
Due to its toxicity, handling beryllium requires strict safety precautions.
+
+
+
History of Beryllium
+
Beryllium was discovered in 1798 by French chemist Nicolas-Louis Vauquelin while analyzing beryl and emeralds. It was first isolated in 1828 by Friedrich Wöhler and Antoine Bussy through the reduction of beryllium chloride.
+
+
Uses of Beryllium
+
Beryllium is valued for its unique properties and is used in various industries:
+
+
Aerospace: Used in lightweight structural components for aircraft, satellites, and spacecraft.
+
Electronics: Beryllium alloys are used in connectors, switches, and other electrical components.
+
Nuclear reactors: Serves as a neutron reflector and moderator.
+
X-ray technology: Beryllium is used in X-ray windows due to its transparency to X-rays.
Zirconium is a strong, corrosion-resistant metal used in nuclear reactors, aerospace, and chemical processing due to its durability and heat resistance.
+
+
+
Atomic Structure
+
+
+
+
Atomic Information
+
+
+
Property
+
Value
+
+
+
Atomic Number
+
40
+
+
+
Symbol
+
Zr
+
+
+
Atomic Mass
+
91.224 u
+
+
+
Electron Configuration
+
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d2
+
+
+
State at Room Temperature
+
Solid
+
+
+
+
Uses of Zirconium
+
+
Used in nuclear reactors as cladding for fuel rods due to its corrosion resistance.
+
Used in aerospace and high-temperature applications for its heat resistance.
+
Used in the production of ceramics and in chemical processing equipment.
Niobium is a transition metal used primarily in superconducting materials, as well as in steel and aerospace applications due to its strength and corrosion resistance.
+
+
+
Atomic Structure
+
+
+
+
Atomic Information
+
+
+
Property
+
Value
+
+
+
Atomic Number
+
41
+
+
+
Symbol
+
Nb
+
+
+
Atomic Mass
+
92.906 u
+
+
+
Electron Configuration
+
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 4d4
+
+
+
State at Room Temperature
+
Solid
+
+
+
+
Uses of Niobium
+
+
Used in the production of superconducting magnets and materials.
+
Used in steel manufacturing to enhance strength and resistance to corrosion.
+
Used in aerospace and electronics industries for its durability and performance.
Molybdenum is a transition metal known for its strength and high melting point. It is essential for many industrial processes, particularly in steel production and in certain chemical reactions.
+
+
+
Atomic Structure
+
+
+
+
Atomic Information
+
+
+
Property
+
Value
+
+
+
Atomic Number
+
42
+
+
+
Symbol
+
Mo
+
+
+
Atomic Mass
+
95.95 u
+
+
+
Electron Configuration
+
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4d4
+
+
+
State at Room Temperature
+
Solid
+
+
+
+
Uses of Molybdenum
+
+
Used in steel production to increase strength and resistance to corrosion.
+
Used in electrical contacts and filaments due to its high melting point.
+
Used in chemical applications, such as in the production of lubricants and catalysts.
Technetium is a radioactive element and the first element to be artificially produced. It has various uses in medical imaging and in industrial applications.
+
+
+
Atomic Structure
+
+
+
+
Atomic Information
+
+
+
Property
+
Value
+
+
+
Atomic Number
+
43
+
+
+
Symbol
+
Tc
+
+
+
Atomic Mass
+
98 u
+
+
+
Electron Configuration
+
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4d5
+
+
+
State at Room Temperature
+
Solid
+
+
+
+
Uses of Technetium
+
+
Used in medical imaging, particularly in radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic scans.
+
Used in industrial radiography and in the production of nuclear batteries.
Palladium is a rare, precious metal that belongs to the platinum group of metals. It is widely used in catalytic converters and various electronic applications.
+
+
+
Atomic Structure
+
+
+
+
Atomic Information
+
+
+
Property
+
Value
+
+
+
Atomic Number
+
46
+
+
+
Symbol
+
Pd
+
+
+
Atomic Mass
+
106.42 u
+
+
+
Electron Configuration
+
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4d10
+
+
+
State at Room Temperature
+
Solid
+
+
+
+
Uses of Palladium
+
+
Used in catalytic converters to reduce harmful emissions from vehicles.
+
Used in electronics, particularly in connectors, capacitors, and in hydrogen storage systems.
+
Used in jewelry for its lustrous finish and resistance to tarnishing.
Silver is a precious metal known for its high electrical conductivity, lustrous white appearance, and use in various industries including jewelry, electronics, and photography.
+
+
+
Atomic Structure
+
+
+
+
Atomic Information
+
+
+
Property
+
Value
+
+
+
Atomic Number
+
47
+
+
+
Symbol
+
Ag
+
+
+
Atomic Mass
+
107.87 u
+
+
+
Electron Configuration
+
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4d10
+
+
+
State at Room Temperature
+
Solid
+
+
+
+
Uses of Silver
+
+
Used extensively in jewelry, silverware, and coins.
+
Used in electronics and electrical components due to its high electrical conductivity.
+
Used in photography and as an antimicrobial agent in medical applications.
Boron is the fifth element in the periodic table and is classified as a metalloid. It has properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals. Boron is essential for plant growth and has various industrial applications.
+
+
+
Atomic Structure
+
+
+
+
Atomic Information
+
+
+
Property
+
Value
+
+
+
Atomic Number
+
5
+
+
+
Symbol
+
B
+
+
+
Atomic Mass
+
10.81 u
+
+
+
Electron Configuration
+
1s2 2s2 2p1
+
+
+
State at Room Temperature
+
Solid
+
+
+
+
Interesting Facts About Boron
+
+
Boron is found in the Earth's crust mainly in the form of borates, such as borax and kernite.
+
It is a poor conductor of electricity at room temperature but becomes a good conductor at higher temperatures.
+
Boron compounds, like boric acid, are used as mild antiseptics and in glassmaking.
+
Amorphous boron is a brown powder, while crystalline boron is extremely hard and black.
+
Boron is essential for plants but toxic in high quantities.
+
+
+
History of Boron
+
Boron was first isolated in 1808 by Sir Humphry Davy, Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, and Louis Jacques Thénard. Its name comes from the Arabic word "buraq" and the Persian word "burah," referring to borax, a naturally occurring mineral containing boron.
+
+
Uses of Boron
+
Boron has a variety of applications across different industries:
+
+
Glass and ceramics: Boron is used to make borosilicate glass, which is heat resistant.
+
Agriculture: Boron is an essential micronutrient in fertilizers for plant growth.
+
Detergents: Boron compounds like borax are used as cleaning agents.
+
Electronics: Boron is used in semiconductors and as a dopant in silicon manufacturing.
+
Space exploration: Boron fibers are used to reinforce lightweight materials in aerospace technology.
+
+
+
+
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+ Tin Atom Details
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+
+
+
Tin
+
+
Tin is a soft, silvery-white metal that has been used for thousands of years in alloys, coatings, and packaging.
Carbon is the sixth element in the periodic table and is classified as a nonmetal. It is one of the most versatile elements, forming the basis of all known life. Carbon is capable of forming a vast number of compounds due to its ability to form four bonds.
+
+
+
Atomic Structure
+
+
+
+
Atomic Information
+
+
+
Property
+
Value
+
+
+
Atomic Number
+
6
+
+
+
Symbol
+
C
+
+
+
Atomic Mass
+
12.011 u
+
+
+
Electron Configuration
+
1s2 2s2 2p2
+
+
+
State at Room Temperature
+
Solid
+
+
+
+
Interesting Facts About Carbon
+
+
Carbon exists in various allotropes, including diamond, graphite, and amorphous carbon.
+
Diamond is one of the hardest known materials, while graphite is soft and a good conductor of electricity.
+
Carbon forms the backbone of organic chemistry and is present in all living organisms.
+
Carbon can form long chains and rings, enabling the creation of millions of organic compounds.
+
Carbon dating, based on the isotope Carbon-14, is used to determine the age of ancient artifacts and fossils.
+
+
+
History of Carbon
+
Carbon has been known since ancient times. Its name comes from the Latin word "carbo," meaning coal. The study of its compounds gave rise to the field of organic chemistry, as carbon is the key element in all organic matter.
+
+
Uses of Carbon
+
Carbon has numerous applications across various industries:
+
+
Fuel: Fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas are composed primarily of carbon.
+
Materials: Carbon fibers are used in lightweight, high-strength materials for aerospace and sports equipment.
+
Lubricants: Graphite is used as a lubricant and in pencils.
+
Steelmaking: Carbon is a key component in the production of steel.
+
Biotechnology: Carbon nanostructures, like nanotubes and graphene, have cutting-edge applications in technology and medicine.
Nitrogen is the seventh element in the periodic table and is classified as a nonmetal. It is a diatomic gas (N2) at room temperature and makes up about 78% of the Earth's atmosphere by volume.
+
+
+
Atomic Structure
+
+
+
+
Atomic Information
+
+
+
Property
+
Value
+
+
+
Atomic Number
+
7
+
+
+
Symbol
+
N
+
+
+
Atomic Mass
+
14.007 u
+
+
+
Electron Configuration
+
1s2 2s2 2p3
+
+
+
State at Room Temperature
+
Gas
+
+
+
+
Interesting Facts About Nitrogen
+
+
Nitrogen gas is colorless, odorless, and tasteless.
+
It is essential for all living organisms as it is a key component of amino acids and nucleic acids.
+
Nitrogen gas is relatively inert and does not easily react with other substances under normal conditions.
+
Compounds like ammonia (NH3) and nitrates are vital for agriculture and industry.
+
Nitrogen is used in cryogenics due to its low boiling point (-196°C).
+
+
+
History of Nitrogen
+
Nitrogen was discovered in 1772 by Scottish chemist Daniel Rutherford. He demonstrated that a portion of air does not support combustion or life, which he called "noxious air." Later, it was named "nitrogen" from the Greek words "nitron" and "genes," meaning "saltpeter-forming."
+
+
Uses of Nitrogen
+
Nitrogen has various industrial, scientific, and agricultural applications:
+
+
Fertilizers: Nitrogen compounds like ammonia and urea are critical for agricultural fertilizers.
+
Preservation: Nitrogen gas is used to create an inert atmosphere for preserving food and sensitive materials.
+
Cryogenics: Liquid nitrogen is used for freezing biological specimens and in medical procedures.
+
Explosives: Nitrogen is a key component in explosives like TNT and nitroglycerin.
+
Manufacturing: Nitrogen gas is used in metalworking and electronics manufacturing to prevent oxidation.
Oxygen is the eighth element in the periodic table and is a nonmetal. It is essential for life on Earth, as it is required for respiration and is a major component of water.
+
+
+
Atomic Structure
+
+
+
+
Atomic Information
+
+
+
Property
+
Value
+
+
+
Atomic Number
+
8
+
+
+
Symbol
+
O
+
+
+
Atomic Mass
+
15.999 u
+
+
+
Electron Configuration
+
1s2 2s2 2p4
+
+
+
State at Room Temperature
+
Gas
+
+
+
+
Interesting Facts About Oxygen
+
+
Oxygen makes up about 21% of the Earth's atmosphere.
+
It is the third most abundant element in the universe by mass.
+
Oxygen is highly reactive and forms oxides with almost all elements.
+
It exists in several allotropes, including O2 (dioxygen) and O3 (ozone).
+
It is essential for combustion and cellular respiration.
+
+
+
Uses of Oxygen
+
+
Used in medical applications for oxygen therapy.
+
Essential in steelmaking and metal fabrication industries.
+
Rocket propulsion uses liquid oxygen as an oxidizer.
+
Plays a vital role in wastewater treatment processes.
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