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L1PixTriggerNote_AngeloJose_v1.tex
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% This is our AN about L1 Pixel Trigger %%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%
\documentclass[a4paper,12pt,oneside]{article}
%%% Escrever em Português
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\fancyhf{} % clear all header and footer fields
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\newcommand{\Ap}{\multirow{2}{*}{\bf \color{PineGreen}{\#}}}
\newcommand{\Aw}{}
%%%%%%%%%%%% Comandos para facilitar a vida %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\newcommand{\pt}{\ensuremath{p_{_T}}}
\newcommand{\ptone}{\ensuremath{p_{T1}}\hspace{0.1cm}}
\newcommand{\pttwo}{\ensuremath{p_{T2}}\hspace{0.1cm}}
\newcommand{\muOne}{\ensuremath{\mu_{1}}\hspace{0.1cm}}
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\newcommand{\dzero}{D\O}
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%\hypersetup{pdftitle={Procura de Sinais de Dimensões Extras Universais em Colisões Próton-Antipróton},
% pdfauthor={Angelo de Souza Santos},
% pdfsubject={High Energy Physics},
% pdfkeywords={High Energy Physics}
% {Particle Physics}
% {Hadron Colliders}
% {Extra Dimensions}
% {Beyond the Standard Model},
% colorlinks=true,
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%\include{introducao}
%\include{modelo_padrao}
%\include{dimensoes_extras}
%\include{detector}
%\include{aquisicao_de_dados_e_simulacao}
%\include{amostras_de_Dados_e_MC}
%\include{pre_selecao}
%\include{background_multijatos}
%\include{distribuicoes_cinematicas}
%\include{incertezas_sistematicas_e_limites}
%\include{conclusao}
%\appendix
%%% Truque
%\renewcommand{\chaptername}%
% {Apêndice}
%\include{apendice_estimativa_QCD}
%\include{apendice_incerteza_sistematica_QCD}
%\include{apendice_incerteza_sistematica_trigger}
%\include{apendice_metodo_muon_smearing}
%\bibliography{tesebib}{}
%\bibliographystyle{lucas_unsrt}
%\end{document}
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%\documentclass[a4paper,oneside,12pt]{article}
%\usepackage{amsmath}
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\newcommand{\HRule}{\rule{\linewidth}{0.5mm}}
%%% REFERÊNCIAS
\usepackage{hyperref}
%\hypersetup{pdftitle={Angelo\_de\_Souza\_Santos-Projeto\_Post-Doc},
% pdfauthor={Angelo de Souza Santos},
% colorlinks=true,
% citecolor=blue,
% linkcolor=black,
% urlcolor=blue
% }
\begin{document}
%\begin{titlepage}
%\begin{center}
% Upper part of the page
%\includegraphics[width=0.25\textwidth]{logoUNESP.pdf}\\[1cm]
%~
%\vskip 2 cm
%{\huge Projeto de Pós-Doutorado}\\[0.5cm]
% Title
%\HRule \\
%{\huge \bfseries Busca por Nova Física no Detector\\[0.3cm]
%CMS do LHC}\\[0.3cm]
%\HRule \\[3cm]
% Author and supervisor
%\begin{flushright} \large
%Dr.~Angelo de Souza Santos
%\vskip 1 cm
%\emph{Supervisor:} \\
%Dr.~Pedro Galli Mercadante
%\end{flushright}
%\end{center}
%\end{titlepage}
%~
%\vskip 2 cm
%\begin{abstract}
%Este projeto apresenta ...
%\end{abstract}
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%\begin{english}
%\begin{abstract}
%\begin{center}
%{\bf Abstract}
%\end{center}
%This project presents ....
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%\end{english}
%\pagebreak
%\tableofcontents
%\pagebreak
\section{Performance Studies Based on Phase 1 Pixel Detector}
The pixel detector will be upgraded with a geometry of four barrel layers, three forward disks, and three backward disks. Our simulations consider the upgraded pixel detector and scenarios with high number of collisions per bunch crossing (“pile-up”). The study shows the occupancy of the pixel detector as function of the pile-up. It allows us to estimate data rates and lead us to think of strategies for rejecting pile-up from interested events.
\subsection{Production of Monte Carlo Samples}
% \begin{itemize}
% \item What samples have been created
% \item and tools used for that.
% \end{itemize}
The simulation of Monte Carlo samples require two steps:
\begin{itemize}
\item A sample of electron-gun is produced in a first step. Here, one electron per event is produced in generator
level together with the {\it GenParticles} collection. The deposities of energy in the detector components
are simulated by Geant4.
\item The second step uses the electron-gun samples as input. The deposities of energy are
translated into detector signals (\texttt{DIGIS}). The digital signals are converted into a {\texttt{RAW}} format, which is the
same format provided by the online system.
\end{itemize}
A offical electron-gun sample, with $E_{T}$ between 2 and 50 GeV, is used as input to the second step. Here the
pile up is added to the electron-gun sample. In order to simulate a scenario of 140 pile up, a total of 140
minimum bias are summed to. Table~\ref{tab:gen-sim-minbias} lists the official electron and minimum bias samples.
\begin{table}[!htb]
\centering
\scriptsize
\caption{Official MC samples (\texttt{GEN-SIM} for electron-gun and Minimum Bias) used to create
\texttt{DIGI-RAW} and \texttt{Ntuple} files.}
\label{tab:gen-sim-minbias}
\begin{tabular}{lcl}
\hline
{\bf Description} & {\bf Number of Events} & {\bf Official Samples} \\ \hline \hline
GEN-SIM & 50K & /SingleElectronFlatPt0p2To50/UpgFall13-POSTLS261\_V2-v1/GEN-SIM \\ \hline
Minimum Bias & 30M & /MinBias\_TuneZ2star\_14TeV-pythia6/UpgFall13-POSTLS261\_V2-v1/GEN-SIM \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
Output files of the second step have a \texttt{DIGI-RAW} format. Such samples are produced using configuration
files created with a \texttt{CMSSW} tool called {\it cmsDriver}. Table~\ref{tab:digi-raw} provides a list of
{\it datasetpath} for \texttt{CRAB} corresponding to the \texttt{DIGI-RAW} files in four different pile up
scenarios: 0, 35, 70 and 140 pile up. Since outputs are big files --- a total size range from 12 to 400 GB ---
they are produced via \texttt{CRAB}. These files are located at T2\_SPRACE site and each sample of pile up
contains 50 K events.
\begin{table}[!htb]
\centering
\scriptsize
\caption{\texttt{DIGI-RAW} MC samples created from official electron-gun and Minimum Bias MC samples.
\texttt{CRAB} {\it datasetpaths} are provided for 0, 35, 70 and 140 pile up from top to bottom lines.
Each sample has 50K events.}
\label{tab:digi-raw}
\begin{tabular}{c}
\hline
%{\bf Format} & {\bf Pile up} & {\bf Size (GB)} & {\bf Data Set Paths} \\ \hline \hline
%\multirow{4}{*}{\begin{turn}{90}DIGI-RAW\end{turn}} & 0 & 12 & /SingleElectronFlatPt0p2To50/adesouza-SingleElectron\_noPileUP\_50K\_DIGI\_RAW\_v6-a49c986a608faae0f4ff11329e2bb83f/USER \\
% & 35 & 110 & /SingleElectronFlatPt0p2To50/adesouza-SingleElectron\_PU35\_50K\_DIGI\_RAW\_v6-61196276663e836a1b830c8b84a619d4/USER \\
% & 70 & 210 & /SingleElectronFlatPt0p2To50/adesouza-SingleElectron\_PU70\_50K\_DIGI\_RAW\_v6-3752475e524a60330e4a83a2952b3625/USER \\
% & 140 & 400 & /SingleElectronFlatPt0p2To50/adesouza-SingleElectron\_PU140\_50K\_DIGI\_RAW\_v6-f74d2f3945f4866a2ea25695b38d79f0/USER \\ \hline
%\multirow{4}{*}{\begin{turn}{90}Ntuples\end{turn}} & 0 & 0.024 & /pnfs/sprace.org.br/data/cms/store/user/adesouza/SingleElectronFlatPt0p2To50/MergedNtuples/SingleElectron\_Pt2to50\_noPU\_ntuple.root \\
% & 35 & 5.6 & /pnfs/sprace.org.br/data/cms/store/user/adesouza/SingleElectronFlatPt0p2To50/MergedNtuples/SingleElectron\_Pt2to50\_PU35\_ntuple\_50K.root \\
% & 70 & 11 & /pnfs/sprace.org.br/data/cms/store/user/adesouza/SingleElectronFlatPt0p2To50/MergedNtuples/SingleElectron\_Pt2to50\_PU70\_ntuple\_50K.root \\
% & 140 & 22 & /pnfs/sprace.org.br/data/cms/store/user/adesouza/SingleElectronFlatPt0p2To50/MergedNtuples/SingleElectron\_Pt2to50\_PU140\_ntuple\_50K.root \\ \hline
{\bf Data Set Paths} \\ \hline \hline
/SingleElectronFlatPt0p2To50/adesouza-SingleElectron\_noPileUP\_50K\_DIGI\_RAW\_v6-a49c986a608faae0f4ff11329e2bb83f/USER \\
/SingleElectronFlatPt0p2To50/adesouza-SingleElectron\_PU35\_50K\_DIGI\_RAW\_v6-61196276663e836a1b830c8b84a619d4/USER \\
/SingleElectronFlatPt0p2To50/adesouza-SingleElectron\_PU70\_50K\_DIGI\_RAW\_v6-3752475e524a60330e4a83a2952b3625/USER \\
/SingleElectronFlatPt0p2To50/adesouza-SingleElectron\_PU140\_50K\_DIGI\_RAW\_v6-f74d2f3945f4866a2ea25695b38d79f0/USER \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
Production of the TTree structure goes in a third step with the full event reconstruction, where the
\texttt{DIGI-RAW} samples are taken as input into configuration files also created via {\it cmsDriver}.
Four different samples, corresponding to each pile up scenario, are produced via \texttt{CRAB}. They are
located in T2\_SPRACE with sizes varying from 24 MB to 22 GB. This is the file path to them:
{\footnotesize /pnfs/sprace.org.br/data/cms/store/user/adesouza/SingleElectronFlatPt0p2To50/MergedNtuples/}.
\begin{figure}[!htb]
\centering
% \includegraphics[scale=1.0]{}
\caption{RZ view of reconstructed hits in the pixel detector.}
\label{}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[!htb]
\centering
% \includegraphics[scale=1.0]{}
\caption{Pile up distributions in four different scenarios: zero (top left), 35 (top right), 70 (bottom
left) and 140 (bottom right) pile up.}
\label{}
\end{figure}
\begin{table}[!htb]
\centering
\caption{Beam spot position and associated uncertainty.}
\label{}
\begin{tabular}{ccc}
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\subsection{The L1PixelTrigger Analyzer}
An EDAnalyzer is a module in the \texttt{CMSSW} framework that allows to extract information from datasets containing simulated or collision data. The extracted information is usually saved in files browsable by ROOT, and organized in a TTree structure. The TTree may contain as many branches as needed for the specific analysis.
To build the \textit{L1PixelTrigger} we took elements from other analyzers available in the \texttt{CMSSW}, between them are the \textit{PixelTree} provided by the Tracker Detector Performance Group (DPG), and the \textit{TrackTriggerStudy} provided by the Track Trigger Integration (TTI) group.
\subsubsection{Code and Documentation}
% \begin{itemize}
% \item Information about what is the code
% \item how it has been created,
% \item its location
% \item and contents.
% \end{itemize}
The \textit{L1PixelTrigger} analyzer was developed in \texttt{CMSSW\_6\_1\_2\_SLHC6\_patch1}, with the routine {\it mkedanlzr L1PixelTrigger}. The source code, named {\it L1PixelTrigger.cc}, is available at
{\it https://github.com/jruizvar/pixel-analysis/}.
The collections retrieved by the analyzer are:
\begin{itemize}
\item \textbf{\textit{PileupSummaryInfo}}: Provides the number of interaction per bunch crossing. This collection stores sixteen bunch crossings (12 early, one in-time, three late). To retrieve the pileup distribution, we have to loop into the collection and use the method
\texttt{getPU\_NumInteractions()} for each bunch. The associated branch in the ROOT file is called {\it pileup}.
\item \textbf{\textit{BeamSpot}}: Provides the position and error of the beam spot. The associated branches are
{\it beamSpotX0}, {\it beamSpotX0Error}, {\it beamSpotY0}, {\it beamSpotY0Error}, {\it beamSpotZ0}, and
{\it beamSpotZ0Error}. This collection also provides details about the beam. The width and error in the
transverse plane are given by {\it beamWidthX}, {\it beamWidthXError}, {\it beamWidthY}, and
{\it beamWidthYError}. The spread and error along the Z direction is given by {\it beamSigmaZ}, and {\it beamSigmaZError}.
\item \textbf{\textit{GenParticleCollection}}: Provides information of the event at the generator level. The
multiplicity of \textit{GenParticles} corresponds to the size of the collection, and is stored in the branch
{\it genPartN}. Relevant information is stored in the branches {\it genPartEt}, {\it genPartPt},
{\it genPartEta}, {\it genPartPhi}, {\it genPartCharge}, and {\it genPartId}. The \textit{GenParticleCollection}
does not include the underlying particles in samples with pileup.
\item \textbf{\textit{L1EmParticleCollection}}: Provides information of the event as measured by the electromagnetic
calorimeter. The size of the collection is stored in the branch {\it egN}.
Relevant information is stored in the branches {\it egE, egEt, egEta, egPhi}, and \textit{egCharge}. The method
\texttt{getCalorimeterPosition()} taken from the \textit{TrackTriggerStudy} analyzer, is used to translate from cylindrical to cartesian coordinates. The output
of this method is stored in the branches {\it egGx, egGy, egGz} and corresponds to the global position in the calorimeter.
\item \textbf{\textit{SiPixelRecHitCollection}}: Provides information of the event as measured by the pixel detector.
The multiplicity of reconstructed hits in the barrel is store in the
branch {\it bHitN}. The global position is stored in the branches {\it bHitGx, bHitGy, bHitGz}. Relevant
branches associated with the pixel barrel are {\it bHitLayer, bHitLadder, bHitModule}.
The cluster size is stored in the branch {\it bClSize} . \newline
\noindent The multiplicity of reconstructed hits in the endcap is store in the branch {\it fHitN}. The global position is stored in the
branches {\it fHitGx, fHitGy, fHitGz}. Relevant branches associated with the pixel endcap are
{\it fHitDisk, fHitBlade, fHitModule}. The cluster size is stored in the branch {\it fClSize}.
\end{itemize}
\subsection{Results on Phase 1 Pixel Detector Performances}
\begin{itemize}
\item Results based on CMSSW\_6 with emphasis on the effect of increasing luminosity
\item and different pixel cluster algorithms.
\end{itemize}
\begin{figure}[!htb]
\centering
% \includegraphics[scale=1.0]{}
\caption{$E_{T}$, $\eta$ and $\phi$ distributions of generated particles (using single electron-gun).}
\label{}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[!htb]
\centering
% \includegraphics[scale=1.0]{}
\caption{$E_{T}$, $\eta$ and $\phi$ distributions of L1EM particles (using single electron-gun) for 0 pile up.}
\label{}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[!htb]
\centering
% \includegraphics[scale=1.0]{}
\caption{$E_{T}$, $\eta$ and $\phi$ distributions of L1EM particles (using single electron-gun) for 35 pile up.}
\label{}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[!htb]
\centering
% \includegraphics[scale=1.0]{}
\caption{$E_{T}$, $\eta$ and $\phi$ distributions of L1EM particles (using single electron-gun) for 70 pile up.}
\label{}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[!htb]
\centering
% \includegraphics[scale=1.0]{}
\caption{$E_{T}$, $\eta$ and $\phi$ distributions of L1EM particles (using single electron-gun) for 140 pile up.}
\label{}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[!htb]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=0.7]{Number_of_pixel_clusters.pdf}
\caption{Number of pixel clusters per event in the different components of the pixel detector left by a single electron.
Forward $(z>0)$ and backward $(z<0)$ disks are taken separately.}
% \caption{Pixel clusters and ocuppancies for different pile up scenarios.}
\label{}
\end{figure}
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